Review of Related Literature

CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter discusses the relevant literature and studies that the
researcher considered when determining the significance of the current
studies. It also provides a synthesis of the art in order to fully comprehend the
research for a better understanding of the study.
The school canteen rules shall act as a vehicle to help the department's
response to the article's mission to establish an environment conducive to
growth. And cooperative development.) The major aspect of running a school
canteen should be services. The profit will be secondary because the
customer base is made up of students who rely only on their parents' small
allowance. The parties involved must report and account for the revenues of
the operation of the school canteen in order to stress openness and
accountability. There must be two types of school canteens: (1) school-
controlled canteens and (2) teacher-cooperatively managed canteens. Both
shall adhere to professional management and solid business practices, as
well as safety and security measures.
Republic Act 6939 (Cooperative Development Authority) has charged the

agency with ensuring the viability and expansion of cooperatives as tools of
fairness, social justice, and economic development. The cooperative
Development Authority (CDA), established under the Office of the Resident,
disseminates provisions concerning the annual report of cooperatives, capital,
property, and funds of cooperatives, accounting, interest on share capital and
patronage refunds, fines on unpaid subscribed share capital, mergers and
consolidations of cooperatives, guidelines for laboratory cooperatives.
Form of business.
This study verified that our academy canteen has merchandisers because
food trading is a sole procurement type of business and supposed to be the
easiest and most affordable investment to engage in. Individuals or families
frequently enjoy and run the canteen merchandisers company. According to
exploration and reports, canteen merchandisers virtually far and wide in Asia
warrant the legal right to operate their businesses and are constantly
harassed by the authorities. According to Republic Act 10611( 2013), the
original government unit ( LGU) is in charge of administering the victuals of
Philippine Presidential Decree No. 856, also known as the law on sanitation,
which covers the production, processing, medication, and trade of food within
their territorial governance. They're popular because they give the civic
population much-needed services that neither the cosmopolises nor the larger
merchandising outlets can provide. In reality, numerous associations or
schedules have merchandisers both within and outside of the academy.
According to estimates, 80 percent of new businesses fail in their first year,
and numerous others do so within the first three years ( Mason, 2014).
Daily Income.
Even if canteen vendors' revenue was monitored daily, our economy's
success was determined by capital, expansion, continuity, and productivity.
They assess the daily average profit. Three factors were used to compute it:
average daily total sales, average daily total costs, and average daily hours
worked by canteen vendors (per day). Continuity aimed to go beyond daily
earnings; does a vendor break even over a year or do the high and low
revenue periods not balance each other out? due to the fact that suppliers like
energy and gas analyzed the financial capabilities of the firm.
Retail Strategies of the Participant Product
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (2007), a billion people

eat out every day. An economist claims that canteen sellers' sales help the
nation's economy while also providing individual entrepreneurs with
respectable means of subsistence (Lorenciana, 2014). Our school cafeteria
vendors sell food goods in the following four categories: lunch, snacks, and
beverages. The foods exhibit a wide range of components, preparation
methods, and selling and consumption practices. Our canteen merchants
offer things, including food, at discounted costs to the urban poor. A study on
the current understanding of vendors about food safety and sanitary
procedures, as well as the techniques of raw material procurement, was also
carried out. In order to determine whether certain pertinent socioeconomic
characteristics were associated with the vendors' knowledge and procurement
methods. According to the research, mobile food sellers made up the bulk of
street vendors (54%), with food handlers and operators of small restaurants
accounting for the remainder.
Service Quality.
The canteen vendors are crucial in supplying the dietary requirements
of the school's pupils and teachers, as mentioned by Nugroho and Yudhastuti
(2014). The variety of foods offered at canteens is generally very broad, and
the prices are both reasonable and practical. Nadiawati (2013) asserts that
the study of cleanliness is the study of health. The people, the cuisine,
The Food Safety India Act (2011) mandates that all hawkers and food
sellers, including those selling vegetables and fruits, adhere to fundamental
hygiene standards such as donning an apron and gloves, using clean
utensils, and drinking only water. There are other efficient ways to improve the
safety of canteen items, including mystery shopping programs, vendor training
and incentive programs, regulatory controlling and membership management
systems, and technical testing programs.
Seth and Deshmukh developed techniques for measuring service
quality that assist management in finding problems with the service and
preparing for the implementation of a quality improvement program,
enhancing the effectiveness, profitability, and overall performance of the
canteen vendors.
Gross profit rate

The canteen merchandisers use the gross profit rate to assess if the
typical luxury on goods would regularly cover the costs, achieving the 20
percent targeted profit. A commodity is amiss if the gross profit rate is
constantly lower than the average peripheral. The entrepreneurs must keep
an eye out for changes in their gross profit rate that are declining. This
portends implicit issues for your fiscal situation(Gambaa). The chance that
each peso's deals will remain after the canteen has paid for its purchases is
known as the gross profit periphery( Adjavi). The periphery of gross profit
reflects a company's cost of sales, also known as the cost of products
vended, which includes all costs associated with labor, raw materials, and
manufacturing outflow. When this cost is deducted from the business's net
income or profit, the canteen merchandisers' first position of profit, or gross
profit, is produced.
Limited capacity and coffers of actors responsible for perpetration
According to pollsters, the maturity of academy panels depends on

the canteen plutocrat's ability to maintain the academy's structure and
grounds, which presents a problem for headliners trying to uphold the norms.
It was mentioned by merchandisers in both civic and pastoral seminaries that
it would be grueling to operate a profitable business while clinging to the
norms due to the relative expenditure because the goods recommended in
the norms were precious and uncompetitive; one canteen director said she
was not committed to them.
Although the norms give a lengthy list of respectable foods, cases

handed down by suppliers of respectable foods showed that they were
misinterpreting the recommendations. Another canteen director defended her
decision to sell the largely reused funk bangers as a better option than hot
tykes. One canteen director claimed to have converted her establishment into
a healthy one, but she was still serving dry polls, packed relish snacks,
chocolate, packaged biscuits, cream buns, feasts, and sugary candied drinks.
Academy directors and food merchandisers discovered that subsidizing lunch
and snacks increased the canteen merchandisers' capability to make a profit.
It's necessary to provide canteen staff with ongoing training and oversight, as
well as to form hookups and educate the scholars on developing.
All of the references listed are applicable to the current study

since they all examine profit analysis among NNVS canteen merchandisers.
The recommendations submitted have been of tremendous use to this
exploration as the base for the study's outgrowth.

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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Republic Act 6939 (Cooperative Development Authority) has charged the

Retail Strategies of the Participant Product

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (2007), a billion people

Gross profit rate

Limited capacity and coffers of actors responsible for perpetration

According to pollsters, the maturity of academy panels depends on

Although the norms give a lengthy list of respectable foods, cases

All of the references listed are applicable to the current study

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