Copper(II) bromide

Copper(II) bromide (CuBr2) is a chemical compound. It is used in photographic processing as an

intensifier and as a brominating agent in organic synthesis.[2]
 Copper (II) bromide

Crystal structure of copper(II) bromide

(copper atoms in gray, bromine in pink)

Names

Other names
Cupric bromide
Copper dibromide

Identifiers

CAS Number 7789-45-9 (https://commonchemistry.cas.org/det

ail?cas_rn=7789-45-9)  

3D model (JSmol) Interactive image (https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/j

mol/jmol.php?model=%5BCu%2B2%5D.%5BBr-%5
D.%5BBr-%5D)

ChemSpider 8395631 (http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-

Structure.8395631.html)  

ECHA InfoCard 100.029.243 (https://echa.europa.eu/substance-i

nformation/-/substanceinfo/100.029.243)

PubChem CID 24611 (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compo

und/24611)

UNII 1KC430K0ZN (https://fdasis.nlm.nih.gov/srs/srsd

irect.jsp?regno=1KC430K0ZN)  

CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID7064863 (https://comptox.epa.gov/dashb

oard/DTXSID7064863)

InChI
InChI=1S/2BrH.Cu/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2 
Key: QTMDXZNDVAMKGV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 
 InChI=1/2BrH.Cu/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2
Key: QTMDXZNDVAMKGV-NUQVWONBAD
SMILES
[Cu+2].[Br-].[Br-]

Properties

Chemical formula CuBr2

Molar mass 223.37 g/mol

Appearance grayish black crystals

deliquescent

Density 4.710 g/cm3, solid

Melting point 498 °C (928 °F; 771 K)

Boiling point 900 °C (1,650 °F; 1,170 K)

Solubility in water 55.7 g/100 mL (20 °C)

Solubility in [[alcohol, acetone, ammonia]] soluble

Solubility in [[benzene, ether, ethyl ether, sulfuric insoluble

acid]]

Magnetic susceptibility (χ) +685.5·10−6 cm3/mol

Structure

Crystal structure monoclinic

Hazards

NFPA 704 (fire diamond)

0
2 0

NIOSH (US health exposure limits):

PEL (Permissible) TWA 1 mg/m3 (as Cu)[1]

REL (Recommended) TWA 1 mg/m3 (as Cu)[1]

IDLH (Immediate danger) TWA 100 mg/m3 (as Cu)[1]

Related compounds
 Other anions Copper(II) fluoride
Copper(II) chloride

Other cations Copper(I) bromide

Nickel(II) bromide
Zinc bromide
Cadmium bromide
Mercury(II) bromide

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F],
100 kPa).

 verify (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=416167690&page2=
Copper%28II%29+bromide) (what is   ?)

Infobox references

It is also used in the copper vapor laser, a class of laser where the medium is copper bromide
vapour formed in-situ from hydrogen bromide reacting with the copper discharge tube.[3]
Producing yellow or green light, it is used in dermatological applications.

Synthesis

Copper(II) bromide can be obtained by combining copper oxide and hydrobromic acid:[4]

CuO + 2HBr → CuBr2 + H2O.

Purification

Copper(II) bromide is purified by crystallization twice from water, filtration to remove any CuBr
and concentration under vacuum. This product is dehydrated using phosphorus pentoxide.[5]

Molecular and crystal structure

In the solid state CuBr2 has a polymeric structure, with CuBr4 planar units connected on opposite
sides to form chains. The crystal structure is monoclinic, space group C2/m, with lattice
constants a = 714 pm, b = 346 pm, c = 718 pm, e ß = 121° 15'.[6] CuBr2 monomeric units are
present in the gas phase at high temperature.[7] It forms bright green-blue solutions in water, and
reacts with Aluminium exothermically: 3 CuBr2 + 2 Al forms 2 AlBr3 and 3 Cu.

Reactions

Copper (II) bromide in chloroform-ethyl acetate reacts with ketones resulting in the formation of
alpha-bromo ketones. The resulting product can be directly used for the preparation of
derivatives. This heterogeneous method is reported to be the most selective and direct method
of formation of α-bromo ketones.[8]

Dibromination of NPGs, n-pentenyl glycosides, using CuBr2/LiBr reagent combination was

performed in order for an NPG to serve as a glycosyl acceptor during halonium-promoted
couplings. Such reaction gives high yield of the dibromides from alkenyl sugars that are
resistant to a direct reaction with molecular bromine.[9]

Usage

Copper(II) bromide lasers produce pulsed yellow and green light and have been studied as a
possible treatment for cutaneous lesions.[10] Experiments have also shown copper bromide
treatment to be beneficial for skin rejuvenation.[11] It has been widely used in photography as its
solution was used as the bleaching step for intensifying collodion and gelatin negatives.[12]
Copper(II)bromide has also been proposed as a possible material in humidity indicator cards.[13]

Safety

Copper(II) bromide is harmful if swallowed. It affects the central nervous system, brain, eyes,
liver, and kidneys. It causes irritation to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract.

Natural occurrence

Pure copper(II) bromide is as yet (2020) unknown among minerals. However, barlowite,
Cu4BrF(OH)6, is worth of mention.[14][15]

References
 1. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0150" (https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd015
0.html) . National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

2. Huang, Jianhui; Macdonald, Simon J. F.; Harrity, Joseph P. A. (2009). "A cycloaddition route to
novel triazole boronic esters". Chem. Commun. (4): 436–438. doi:10.1039/b817052e (https://
doi.org/10.1039%2Fb817052e) . PMID 19137177 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19137
177) .

3. Livingstone, E. S.; Maitland, A. (1991). "A high power, segmented metal, copper bromide laser".
Measurement Science and Technology. 2 (11): 1119. doi:10.1088/0957-0233/2/11/022 (http
s://doi.org/10.1088%2F0957-0233%2F2%2F11%2F022) . ISSN 0957-0233 (https://www.worl
dcat.org/issn/0957-0233) .

4. Breitinger, D. K.; Herrmann, W. A., eds. (1999). Synthetic methods of Organometallic and
Inorganic Chemistry. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. ISBN 0-86577-662-8.

5. Hope et al. J Chem Soc 5226 1960, Glemser & Sauer in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic
Chemistry (Ed.Brauer) Academic Press Vol II p 1009 1965.

. Helmholz, Lindsay (1947). "The Crystal Structure of Anhydrous Cupric Bromide". J. Am. Chem.
Soc. 69 (4): 886–889. doi:10.1021/ja01196a046 (https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fja01196a046) .

7. Conry, Rebecca R. (2006). "Copper: Inorganic & Coordination Chemistry". Encyclopedia of

Inorganic Chemistry (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/0470862106.ia052 (https://do
i.org/10.1002%2F0470862106.ia052) . ISBN 978-0-470-86210-0.

. King, L. Carroll; Ostrum, G. Kenneth (1964). "Selective Bromination with Copper(II) Bromide". J.
Org. Chem. 29 (12): 3459–3461. doi:10.1021/jo01035a003 (https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjo010
35a003) .

9. Rodebaugh, Robert; Debenham, John S.; Fraser-Reid, Burt J.; Snyder, James P. (1999).
"Bromination of Alkenyl Glycosides with Copper(II) Bromide and Lithium Bromide: Synthesis,
Mechanism, and DFT Calculations". J. Org. Chem. 64 (5): 1758–1761. doi:10.1021/jo9718509
(https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjo9718509) . PMID 11674253 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
11674253) .

10. McCoy, S.; Hanna, M.; Anderson, P.; McLennan, G.; Repacholi, M. (June 1996). "An evaluation
of the copper-bromide laser for treating telangiectasia". Dermatol. Surg. 22 (6): 551–7.
doi:10.1111/j.1524-4725.1996.tb00373.x (https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1524-4725.1996.tb0
0373.x) . ISSN 1076-0512 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1076-0512) . PMID 8646471 (htt
ps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8646471) . S2CID 22626280 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/
CorpusID:22626280) .
11. Davis P., Town G., Haywards H. A practical comparison of IPLs and the Copper Bromide Laser
for photorejuvenation, acne and the treatment of vascular&pigmented lesions.

12. Diane Heppner The Focal Encyclopedia of Photography, Inc. Elsevier 20074th edition

13. George McKedy US Patent Application Publication, Pub.No.: US2010/0252779 A1

14. https://www.mindat.org/min-40276.html

15. https://www.ima-mineralogy.org/Minlist.htm

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