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Taller 2 Fluidos

This document contains information about several exercises involving fluid mechanics principles. Exercise 1 calculates the final height of water after ice melts in a container. Exercise 2 analyzes the energy and power involved in pumping water up a hill to drive a turbine. It determines the income and costs of this system. Exercise 3 demonstrates the siphon effect using Bernoulli's equation, and discusses applications of siphons in plumbing systems.

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Juan León
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
28 views

Taller 2 Fluidos

This document contains information about several exercises involving fluid mechanics principles. Exercise 1 calculates the final height of water after ice melts in a container. Exercise 2 analyzes the energy and power involved in pumping water up a hill to drive a turbine. It determines the income and costs of this system. Exercise 3 demonstrates the siphon effect using Bernoulli's equation, and discusses applications of siphons in plumbing systems.

Uploaded by

Juan León
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTEGRANTES: Juliana Mari Guzmán Gómez (200159181)

Juan Carlos Alberto León Santaren (200161729)


Exercise 1
1. Hypothesis:
Water in the system does not evaporate and mass is always conserved.
2. Data:
𝐾𝑔
𝜌𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 1000 3
𝑚
𝐾𝑔
𝜌𝑖𝑐𝑒 = 920 3
𝑚
𝑑 = 80𝑚𝑚
ℎ𝑖 = 120𝑚𝑚
ℎ𝑓 =?
3. Find the initial volumen of water:
𝜋 𝜋
𝑉𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑑 2 × ℎ𝑖 = (0.08𝑚)2 × 0.12𝑚 = 0.0006031𝑚3
4 4
4. Find the volume of ice and the fraction of volume that is submerged in the
water:
𝑉𝑖𝑐𝑒 = 𝐿3 = (0.03𝑚)3 = 0.000027𝑚3
𝐾𝑔
920 3
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑑 𝐹𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑚 = 0.92
𝐾𝑔
1000 3
𝑚
𝑉𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 0.000027𝑚3 × 0.92 = 0.00002484𝑚3
𝑉2 = 0.0006031𝑚3 + 0.00002484𝑚3 = 0.00062794𝑚3
5. Find the final height:
0.00062794𝑚3
ℎ2 = 𝜋 = 0.1249𝑚
(0.08𝑚)2
4
ℎ2 = 124.9 𝑚𝑚

Exercise 2
1. Hypothesis:
• Estable fluid and incompresible
2. Data:
𝑚3
𝑉̇ = 𝑄 = 2 𝑠
ℎ𝐿 = 4𝑚
𝑡 = 10ℎ
𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝−𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 80%
𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒−𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 80%
3. Energy equation in 2 and 1 to determine 𝑾̇𝒑𝒖𝒎𝒑:

𝑝1 𝑣1 2 𝑝2 𝑣2 2
+ + 𝑧1 + ℎ𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 = + + 𝑧2 + ℎ𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒 + ℎ𝐿
𝜌1 𝑔 2𝑔 𝜌2 𝑔 2𝑔

ℎ𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 = 𝑧2 + ℎ𝐿

ℎ𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 = 50𝑚 + (4𝑚) = 54𝑚

𝑘𝑔 𝑚3 𝑘𝑔
𝑚̇ = 𝜌𝑉̇ = (1000 3 ) ∗ (2 ) = 2000
𝑚 𝑠 𝑠
𝑘𝑔 𝑚
̇ 𝑔
ℎ𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 ∗𝑚∗ (54𝑚)∗(2000 )∗(9.81 2 )
𝑊̇𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 = = 𝑠 𝑠
= 1324350 W → 1324.35kw
𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 0.8

4. Energy equation in 1 and 2 to determine 𝑾̇𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒃𝒊𝒏𝒆 :


𝑝1 𝑣1 2 𝑝2 𝑣2 2
+ + 𝑧1 + ℎ𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 = + + 𝑧2 + ℎ𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒 + ℎ𝐿
𝜌1 𝑔 2𝑔 𝜌2 𝑔 2𝑔

ℎ𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 𝑧1 − ℎ𝐿
ℎ𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 50𝑚 − (4𝑚) = 46𝑚

𝑊̇𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒 =ℎ𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒 ∗ 𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒 ∗ 𝑚̇ ∗ 𝑔


𝑘𝑔 𝑚
𝑊̇𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒 =(46𝑚) ∗ (0.8) ∗ (2000 ) ∗ (9.81 2)=722016W→722.016KW
𝑠 𝑠

5. Determine income and cost per day:


INCOME PER DAY= 722.016𝐾𝑊 ∗ $850𝐾𝑊ℎ ∗ 10ℎ = 6137136$𝐾𝑊
COST PER DAY = 1324.35𝐾𝑊 ∗ $400𝐾𝑊ℎ ∗ 10ℎ = 5297400$𝐾𝑊
Is it a good bussines ?
R// we consider its a Good bussines because as we can se the income per
day(6137136$𝐾𝑊) is higher tan the cost per day(5297400$𝐾𝑊), so at the end of the day
he is winning a total amount of: 6137136$𝐾𝑊- 5297400$𝐾𝑊=839736$KW.
¿Can you apply Bernoulli’s equation in this case?
R//: In this case instead of the Bernoulli equation we should use the energy equation,
because in this exercise we take into account friction and the loss of the piping system.
Exercise 3
1. Short video:
Link: https://youtu.be/NRouT3bh06E

2. Photographs:

Fig 1. Water flowing when experiment just started


Fig 2. Water flowing a few seconds after the start of the experiment
3. Bernoulli equation in 1 and 2:

𝑝1 𝑣1 2 𝑝2 𝑣2 2
+ + 𝑧1 = + + 𝑧2
𝜌𝑔 2𝑔 𝜌𝑔 2𝑔

We cancel both pressures because they are both atmospheric and we also cancel
𝑣1 and 𝑧2 because they are both cero:

𝑣2 2
𝑧1 =
2𝑔
𝑣2 = √𝑧1 2𝑔
4. Bernoulli equation in 3 and 2:
𝑝3 𝑣3 2 𝑝2 𝑣2 2
+ + 𝑧3 = + + 𝑧2
𝜌𝑔 2𝑔 𝜌𝑔 2𝑔
We cancel both velocities because they are the same, given that the área in the
siphon is the same and the caudal is constant. We also cancel 𝑧2 because its cero:

𝑝2 = 𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑝
𝑝3 = ( 𝑎𝑡𝑚 − 𝑧3 )(𝜌𝑔)
𝜌𝑔
𝑝3 = 𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑚−𝑍3 𝜌𝑔
5. Detailed explanation of the siphon effect and applications in real life:
A siphon is a hydraulic mechanism, consisting of an inverted u-shaped tube, that’s used to
pass liquid from one container to another withouth the need of a pump. Where the containers
are at different heights and the water passes from the higher container to the lower one. At
first, air must be sucked from the siphon to create a vacuum and in this way our siphon begins
to suck water, the longest branch of the siphon contains more water and therefore more
weight, causing the water to fall through it and go up the short Branch. The water stops when
the first air drop enters to the siphon or when both water levels are equal. To see how this
works we can use bernoulli’s equation. As we explained it in the video with this equation we
can find the velocity of the water in the siphon and this is found in terms of height, reason
why if we increase the distance between the water level and the exit of the siphon, the velocity
of the water will be bigger. With this equation we can also find the pressure at the higher
point of the siphon.
This system has a lot of advantages, like for example by not using a pump significant energy
savings are made, its also a really easy effect to apply and it doesnt contaminate. But at the
same time there are disadvantages like it consumes much more time to transport water than
other mecanisms.
This effect has been used for many years, the Greeks and Romans used it for their pipelines
and aqueducts and currently we can find it in applications in our home, such as in our
bathrooms, in the toilets, to prevent bad odors from the drain pipes of going outside and also
in the sink where the siphon is in charge of connecting the sink drain with the pipes and
downspouts of the house's plumbing system.

REFERENCES:
• Aquadesk. (2013). What is the siphon effect? Aquadesk. Retrieved April 13, 2023,

from https://www.aquadesk.com/articles/what-is-siphon-effect
• Aquae. (2014). El sifón hidráulico: origen y funcionamiento. Fundación Aquae.

Retrieved April 13, 2023, from https://www.fundacionaquae.org/wiki/el-sifon-

hidraulico/

• Universidad Libre. (2013). Repositorio Institucional Unilibre. Retrieved April 13,

2023, from http://repository.unilibre.edu.co

• Fq-experimentos (2003). Sifón [video].Youtube. from:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fyElTC_84TI&t=66s

• Martin Heredia (2021). Efecto sifón, una pequeña explicación [video].Youtube.

from:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MU8GJeFRLMU

• Netjet. (2009). Sifon de lavabo ¿Qué funcion cumple? from

https://www.netjet.es/sifon-de-lavabo-funcion/

• Cengel A., Y. (2020). Mecánica de Fluidos y sus Propiedades. Archive org.

Retrieved April 13, 2023, from

https://archive.org/details/ed4_20201119/page/241/mode/1up?view=theater

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