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    Shubh Awasthi
    The document contains solutions to 14 multiple choice questions involving logarithmic equations and properties. The key steps are shown for each question. Question 1 involves comparing logarithmic expressions to determine if an inequality is satisfied. Question 2 finds the number of solutions to a trigonometric equation in a given interval. Subsequent questions apply logarithmic properties and identities to manipulate expressions and solve for given values.

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    Log

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    Shubh Awasthi
    123 views10 pages
    The document contains solutions to 14 multiple choice questions involving logarithmic equations and properties. The key steps are shown for each question. Question 1 involves comparing logarithmic expressions to determine if an inequality is satisfied. Question 2 finds the number of solutions to a trigonometric equation in a given interval. Subsequent questions apply logarithmic properties and identities to manipulate expressions and solve for given values.

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    The document contains solutions to 14 multiple choice questions involving logarithmic equations and properties. The key steps are shown for each question. Question 1 involves comparing logarithmic expressions to determine if an inequality is satisfied. Question 2 finds the number of solutions to a trigonometric equation in a given interval. Subsequent questions apply logarithmic properties and identities to manipulate expressions and solve for given values.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    123 views10 pages

    Log

    Uploaded by

    Shubh Awasthi
    The document contains solutions to 14 multiple choice questions involving logarithmic equations and properties. The key steps are shown for each question. Question 1 involves comparing logarithmic expressions to determine if an inequality is satisfied. Question 2 finds the number of solutions to a trigonometric equation in a given interval. Subsequent questions apply logarithmic properties and identities to manipulate expressions and solve for given values.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 10

    Question 1:

    If (1/log3π) + (1/log4 π) > x, then x can be

    (a) 3

    (b) 2

    (c) π

    (d) None of the above

    Solution:

    Let y = (1/log3π) + (1/log4 π)

    = (log 3/log π) + (log 4/log π)

    = logπ 3 + logπ 4

    = logπ 12 > x

    So 12 > πx

    12 > π2

    So, x = 2

    Hence, option (b) is the answer.

    Question 2:

    The number of distinct solutions of the equation

    ���12|sin⁡�|=2−���12|cos⁡�|

    in the interval [0, 2π] is

    Solution:

    Given that

    ���12|sin⁡�|=2−���12|cos⁡�|

    x ∈ [0, 2π]

    ⇒ log1/2 |sin x| |cos x| = 2

    ⇒ |sin x| |cos x| = ¼

    ⇒ sin 2x = ±1/2
    We have 8 solutions for x ∈ [0, 2π].

    Question 3:

    The value of

    0.16���2.513+132+133+…∞

    is equal to:

    Solution:

    (1/3)+(1/32)+(1/33)+….∞ = 1/3(1-1/3) = 1/2

    log2.5(1/2) ⇒ log5/2 (1/2)

    0.16 = 16/100 = 4/25 = (2/5)2

    ⇒(25)2���5212=(52)−2���5212

    =(52)���52(12)−2

    =4

    Question 4:

    If

    �=log2�(���2),�=log3�(���3),�=log4�(���4)

    and

    �=log5�(���5)

    and

    1�+1+1�+1+1�+1+1�+1=log�����+1,

    the value of N is

    (a) 40

    (b) 80

    (c) 120

    (d) 160

    Solution:
    Since,

    �=log2�(���2)

    ⇒�+1=log2�(2����2)=log2�(����)

    ∴1�+1=log����2�

    Similarly,

    1�+1=log����3�,1�+1=log����4�

    and

    1�+1=log����5�

    ∴1�+1+1�+1+1�+1+1�+1=log����(2�⋅3�⋅4�⋅5�)

    =log����(120����)

    =log����120+1

    =log�����+1

    [given]

    Comparing, we get N = 120

    Hence, option (c) is the answer.

    Question 5:

    Let (x0, y0) be the solution of the following equations:

    (2x)ln 2 = (3y)ln 3,

    3ln x = 2ln y, then x0 is

    (a) 1/6

    (b) 1/3

    (c) 1/2

    (d) 6

    Solution:

    Given (2x)ln 2 = (3y)ln 3

    ⇒ ln 2 (ln 2x) = ln 3 (ln 3y)

    ⇒ ln 2 ln 2x = ln 3 (ln 3 + ln y) ..(i)
    Also, 3ln x = 2ln y

    ⇒ ln x ln 3 = ln y ln 2

    ⇒ ln y = (ln x. ln 3)/ln 2 ..(ii)

    Substitute (ii) in (i)

    ⇒ ln 2 (ln 2x) = ln 3 (ln 3 + (ln x. ln 3)/ln 2)

    ⇒ (ln 2)2 (ln 2x) = ln 3 (ln 3 ln 2 + ln x. ln 3)

    ⇒ (ln 2)2 (ln 2x) = (ln 3)2 ( ln 2 + ln x)

    ⇒ (ln 2)2 (ln 2x) = (ln 3)2 ln 2x

    ⇒ [(ln 2)2 – (ln 3)2 ]ln 2x = 0

    ⇒ ln 2x = 0

    ⇒ 2x = 1

    ⇒ x = 1/2

    Hence, option (c) is the answer.

    Question 6:

    If the sum of the first 20 terms of the series

    ���71/2�+���71/3�+���71/4�+…

    is 460, then x is equal to:

    (a) 71/2

    (b) 72

    (c) e2

    (d) 746/21

    Solution:

    460 = (2+3+4+…+21)log7x

    ⇒ (20×(21+2)/2)log7 x = 460

    230 log7x = 460

    log7x = 2

    x = 72
    Hence, option (b) is the answer.

    Question 7:

    Logarithm of

    3245

    to the base 2√2 is

    (a) 3.6

    (b) 5

    (c) 4

    (d) None of the above

    Solution:

    We use the property logb an = n logb a

    ������=1������

    32×41/5 = 25× 22/5

    = 227/5

    2√2 = 23/2

    log232⁡2275=275log232⁡2

    = (27/5)(2/3) log2 2

    = 18/5

    = 3.6

    Hence, option (a) is the answer.

    Question 8:

    If log7 2 = m, then log49 28 is equal to

    (a) 2(1+2m)

    (b) (1+2m)/2

    (c) 2/(1+2m)

    (d) 1 + m

    Solution:
    Given log7 2 = m

    log49⁡28=log72⁡28

    = (1/2) log7 28

    = (1/2) [log7 (4×7)]

    = (1/2) [log7 4+ log7 7)]

    = (1/2) [log7 22 + 1)]

    = (1/2) [ 2 log7 2 + 1)]

    = (1/2) [2m + 1)]

    Hence, option (b) is the answer.

    Question 9:

    The value of log3 4 log4 5 log5 6 log6 7 log7 8 log8 9 is

    (a) 1

    (b) 2

    (c) 3

    (d) 4

    Solution:

    We know logb a = log a/log b

    So log3 4 log4 5 log5 6 log6 7 log7 8 log8 9 = (log 4/log 3) × (log 5/log 4) × (log 6/log 5) ×

    (log 7/log 6) × (log 8/log 7) × (log 9/log 8)

    = log 9/log 3

    = log 32/log 3

    = 2 log 3 /log 3

    =2

    Hence, option (b) is the answer.

    Question 10:

    If a2 + 4b2 = 12ab, then log(a + 2b) is

    (a) ½ (4 log 2 + log a + log b)


    (b) 0

    (c) (log 2 + log a + log b)

    (d) (4 log 2 + log a – log b)

    Solution:

    Given, a2 + 4b2 = 12ab

    Adding 4ab on both sides, we get

    a2 + 4b2 + 4ab = 16ab

    ⇒ (a + 2b)2 = 16ab

    Taking log on both sides,

    log (a + 2b)2 = log (16ab)

    2 log (a + 2b) = log 16 + log a + log b

    2 log (a + 2b) = log 24 + log a + log b

    2 log (a + 2b) = 4 log 2 + log a + log b

    log (a + 2b) = ½ (4 log 2 + log a + log b)

    Hence, option (a) is the answer.

    Question 11:

    The value of

    (0.05)log20⁡(0.1+0.01+0.001+…)

    (a) 81

    (b) 1/81

    (c) 20

    (d) 1/20

    Solution:

    We use the following properties in this problem.

    logb an = n logb a

    log���
    ⁡ =1�log��
    ⁡

    ������=�
    ������=������

    Here 0.1 + 0.01 + 0.001 + … = 0.1/(1 – 0.1) (use sum of infinite GP formula)

    = 1/9

    log20⁡(1/9)=log201/2⁡(1/9)

    = 2 log20(1/9)

    = 2 log20(9-1)

    = -2 log20 9

    (0.05)−2log20⁡9=(0.05−1)2log20⁡9

    =(20)2log20⁡9

    (since 0.05 = 1/20)

    =(20)log20⁡92

    =(20)log20⁡81

    =81���2020

    = 81

    Hence, option (a) is the answer.

    Question 12:

    If a, b, c are distinct positive numbers, each different from 1, such that [log b a logc a – loga a] +
    [loga b logc b – logb b] + [loga c logb c – logc c] = 0, then abc =

    (a) 1

    (b) 2

    (c) 3

    (d) 4

    Solution:

    We use the property logn m = log m/log n

    Given [logb a logc a – loga a] + [loga b logc b – logb b] + [loga c logb c – logc c] = 0

    ⇒ [(log a/log b)(log a/log c) – 1] + [(log b/log a)(log b/log c) – 1] + [(log c/log a)(log c/log b) – 1] = 0

    ⇒ [(log a)2/log b log c] + [(log b)2/log a log c] + [(log c)2/log a log b] = 3


    Multiply both sides by log a log b log c

    ⇒ (log a)3 + (log b)3 + (log c)3 = 3 log a log b log c

    ⇒ log a + log b + log c = 0 (Use x3 + y3 + z3 = 3xyz, then x + y + z = 0)

    ⇒ log (abc) = 0

    ⇒ abc = 1

    Hence, option (a) is the answer.

    Question 13:

    If a, b, and c are consecutive positive integers and log(1 + ac)= 2k, then the value of k is

    (a) log a

    (b) log b

    (c) 2

    (d) 1

    Solution:

    Let a = n-1, b = n, c = n+1, where n > 1.

    Given log (1 + ac) = 2k

    ⇒ log (1 + (n-1)(n+1)) = 2k

    ⇒ log (1 + n2 – 1) = 2k

    ⇒ log n2 = 2k

    ⇒ 2log n = 2 k

    ⇒ log n = k

    ⇒ log b = k

    Hence, option (2) is the answer.

    Question 14:

    If log3 x + log3 y = 2 + log3 2 and log3(x + y) = 2, then

    (a) x = 1, y = 8

    (b) x = 8, y = 1

    (c) x = 3, y = 6
    (d) x = 9, y = 3

    Solution:

    Given log3 x + log3 y = 2 + log3 2

    ⇒ log3 xy = log332 + log3 2

    ⇒ log3 xy = log39 + log3 2

    ⇒ log3 xy = log318 (since log a + log b = log ab)

    ⇒xy = 18…(i)

    log3(x + y) = 2

    ⇒ x + y = 32

    ⇒ x + y = 9…(ii)

    Solving (i) and (ii), we get,

    x = 3, y = 6

    Hence, option (c) is the answer.

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