Mathematics 8 Quarter 4 Week 3

NAME: __________________________________ YR & SEC: ____________

Competency:
The learner proves inequalities in a triangle. (M8GE-IVc-1)

To the Learners:
Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb you while
enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully enjoy the objectives of
this kit. Have fun!
1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of this module.
2. Writing enhances learning. Keep this in mind and take note of the important concepts in
your notebook.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key card.
5. Analyze the post-test and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

Expectations

This module was designed to help you master proving inequalities in a triangle using the
different theorems such as Triangle Inequality Theorem, Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem, Hinge
Theorem (SAS Triangle Inequality), and Converse of the Hinge Theorem (SSS Triangle Inequality
Theorem.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. prove statements involving triangle inequalities correctly; and
2. write two-column proof on triangle inequalities independently.

Pre-test

Directions: Read and analyze the questions below. Write only the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which theorem states that the sum of the lengths of any two sides is greater than the length
of the third side?
A. Exterior Angle Theorem C. Triangle Inequality Theorem
B. Hinge Theorem D. Converse of the Hinge Theorem
For numbers 2 and 3, consider an isosceles ΔPRN with base 𝑃𝑁. Point T is between points P and N.
2. If m∠PRT > m∠NRT, what relation exists between the lengths of 𝑃𝑇 and 𝑁𝑇?
A. > B. < C. = D. cannot be determined

MATH 8 QUARTER 4 WEEK 3 P a g e 1 | 10

 3. What theorem justifies your conclusion?
A. Exterior Angle Theorem C. Triangle Inequality Theorem
B. Hinge Theorem D. Converse of the Hinge Theorem
4. Identify the theorem that makes the conclusion valid. In a ΔEXS, 𝑋𝑇 bisects 𝐸𝑆 at T and
𝑋𝐸 > 𝑋𝑆. Therefore, m∠XTE > m∠XTS. X
A. Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem
B. Hinge Theorem
C. Triangle Inequality Theorem E T S
D. Converse of the Hinge Theorem
5. Mark has proved that 𝐵𝑆 > 𝐵𝑊. Which of the following statements is not part of his proof?
Figure: W
E

115°

S 1150 B

A. 𝐸𝑆 ≅ 𝐸𝑊 B. 𝐸𝐵 ≅ 𝐸𝐵 C. ∠SEB > ∠WEB D. ∠W < ∠S

Looking Back to your Lesson

From the previous lesson, you have learned how to apply the different theorems on triangle
inequalities in solving problems.

Triangle Inequality Theorem

Fig. 1. P 𝑃𝑈 + 𝑈𝐼 > 𝐼𝑃 = 12 + x > 10 = x >10 -12 = x > -2
10 12 𝑈𝐼 + 𝐼𝑃 > 𝑃𝑈 = x +10 >12 = x > 12 -10 = x > 2
𝐼𝑃 + 𝑃𝑈 > 𝑈𝐼 = 10 + 12 > x = 22 > x or x < 22
I x U
Therefore, the range of the length of the third side would be greater than 2 but less than 22,
that is 2 < x < 22.

Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem

C
Fig.2. 2 In a ΔECQ, ∠4 is an exterior angle
m∠4 > m∠1, m∠4 > m∠2
1 (45°) 3 4 (115°) 115° > 45°, 115° > 70°
E Q M

Hinge Theorem
Fig.3 O
35° 27° CO ≅ VO; 10 units = 10 units
10 10 m∠COD > m∠VOD; 35° > 27°
∴ 𝐶𝐷 > 𝑉𝐷
C D V

MATH 8 QUARTER 4 WEEK 3 P a g e 2 | 10

Converse of the Hinge Theorem
Fig. G E C

𝐶𝐸 ≅ 𝐺𝐸, 𝐸𝑄 ≅ 𝐸𝑄
𝐶𝑄 > 𝐺𝑄
Q Therefore, ∠CEQ > ∠GEQ

Introduction of the Topic

PROVING INEQUALITIES IN A TRIANGLE

The concepts and skills you will learn from this lesson about triangle inequalities will improve
your attention to details, enhance your deductive thinking, and sharpen your reasoning skills.
How to write proofs?
Proofs in geometry can be written in paragraph or two-column form. A proof in paragraph form
is only a two-column proof written in sentences. Some steps can be excluded when paragraph form
is used so that two-column form is more detailed. The first column of a two-column proof is where
you write down systematically every step you go through to get to the conclusion in the form of a
statement. The corresponding reason for each step is written on the second column. A combination
of both can also be used in proofs. The first part can be in paragraph form especially when the plan
for proof is to add some constructions first in the illustration. Proving theorems sometimes requires
constructions to be made.
Possible reasons are as follows: Given, by construction, properties of equality, properties of
inequality, definitions, postulates or previously proven theorems.
R
The Triangle Inequality 𝑃𝑅 + 𝑅𝑄 > 𝑃𝑄,
P Q
Theorem
R
𝑃𝑅 + 𝑃𝑄 > 𝑄𝑅,
The sum of the lengths of P Q
any two sides of a triangle is R 𝑃𝑄 + 𝑄𝑅 > 𝑃𝑅
greater than the length of the
third side. P Q

A.
Y 12 X
Example:
Given: 𝑊𝑍 ≅ 𝑊𝑌
Prove: 𝑊𝑍 + 𝑋𝑌 > 𝑊𝑋

Z 10 W

MATH 8 QUARTER 4 WEEK 3 P a g e 3 | 10

Proof:

Statements Reasons

1. 𝑊𝑍 ≅ 𝑊𝑌 1. Given
2. WZ = WY 2. Definition of Congruent Segments

3. 𝑊𝑌 + 𝑋𝑌 > 𝑌𝑍 3. Triangle Inequality Theorem

4. Law of Substitution
4. 𝑊𝑍 + 𝑋𝑌 > 𝑊𝑋
B.

Unequal Sides Theorem: (Ss → Aa) R If 𝑄𝑅 > 𝑃𝑅, then

If a side of a triangle is longer 8 10 m∠P > m∠Q
than a second side, then the angle
opposite the first side is larger than P Q
the angle opposite the second side.

Example: H

Given: ΔHPY in which 𝐻𝑌 > 𝐻𝑃 I

To Prove: ∠ HPY > ∠HYP
P Y
Construction: Mark a point I on 𝐻𝑌 such that 𝐻𝑃 = 𝐻𝐼.
Join 𝑃𝐼.
Proof:
𝐻𝑃 = 𝐻𝐼 (By Construction)
∠HPI = ∠HIP (Angles opposite to equal opposite sides are equal)
But, ∠HIP being an exterior angle of ΔPYI, therefore, m∠HIP > m∠HYP
But ∠m∠HPY > ∠m∠HIP (The whole is greater than a part.
∠HPY > ∠HYP, hence proved.
C.

Unequal Angles Theorem (Aa →Ss) C

If one angle of a triangle is larger If m∠A > m∠C,
than a second angle, then the side 75° then 𝐵𝐶 > 𝐴𝐵
opposite the first angle is longer than 80o

the side opposite the second angle. A B

Example 1.
V
O
D
Given: ∠L > ∠O and ∠V > ∠E
Prove: 𝑂𝐸 > 𝐿𝑉 E
L
B
E
MATH 8 QUARTER 4 WEEK 3
E P a g e 4 | 10
 Proof :

Statements Reasons

1. In ΔDLO, ∠L > ∠O and ∠V > ∠E 1. Given

2. 𝐷𝑂 > 𝐷𝐿 2. Side opposite the larger angle is longer.
3. In ΔDEV, ∠V > ∠E 3. Given

4. 𝐷𝐸 > 𝐷𝑉 4. Side opposite the larger angle is longer.

5. Addition Property of Inequality
5. 𝐷𝑂 + 𝐷𝐸 > 𝐷𝐿 + 𝐷𝑉
6. Law of Substitution
6. 𝑂𝐸 > 𝐿𝑉

Example 2. : Corollary

Corollary: F If FK ⟂ t and 𝐹𝐿, 𝐹𝑀 and 𝐹𝑁 are

The perpendicular segment segments from F to t different from 𝐹𝐾,
from a point to a line is the
then 𝐹𝐿 > 𝐹𝐾, 𝐹𝑀 > 𝐹𝐾, and 𝐹𝑁 > 𝐹𝐾
shortest segment from the t
point to the line. N M L K

Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem

The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is greater than the measure of any of its
corresponding remote interior angles.
Given: ∠3 is an exterior angle of ΔPRT R
Prove: m∠3 > m∠1 1

2 3

P V T
Proof:
Statements Reasons

1. ∠3 is an exterior angle of ΔPRT 1. Given

2. m∠3 > m∠2 2. Exterior Angle Theorem
3. m∠2 > m∠1 3. Exterior Angle Theorem
4. m∠3 > m∠1 4. Transitive Property of Inequality

Hinge Theorem (SAS Inequality Theorem)

If two sides of one triangle are congruent to the corresponding two sides of another triangle,
and the included angle of the first triangle is greater than the included angle of the second, then the
third side of the first triangle is longer than the third side of the second triangle.

MATH 8 QUARTER 4 WEEK 3 P a g e 5 | 10

Example: Two – Column Proof
Given: 𝐸𝑀 ≅ 𝐶𝐸 E G
Prove: 𝑀𝐺 > 𝐶𝐺 Q

M C
Proof:

Statements Reasons

1. 𝐸𝑀 ≅ 𝐶𝐸 1. Given

2. 𝐸𝐺 ≅ 𝐸𝐺 2. Reflexive Property of Congruence

3. m∠MEG = m∠CEG + m∠MEC 3. Angle Addition Postulate

4. m∠MEG > m∠CEG 4. Comparison Property of Inequality

5. Hinge Theorem
5. 𝑀𝐺 > 𝐶𝐺

Converse of Hinge Theorem (SSS Inequality Theorem)

If two sides of one triangle are congruent to the corresponding two sides of another triangle, and
the third side of the first triangle is longer than the third side of the second, then the angle opposite
the longer side is larger than the angle opposite the third side of the second triangle.
Example: K L

Given: 𝐾𝐿 // 𝑁𝑀, 𝐾𝐿 ≅ 𝑁𝑀, and 𝑁𝑀 > 𝑁𝐾

Prove: m∠NKM > m∠ MKL

N M
Proof:

Statements Reasons

1. 𝐾𝐿 // 𝑁𝑀 1. Given
2. ∠NMK ≅ ∠MKL 2. Alternate Interior Angle Theorem
3. m∠NMK ≅ m∠MKL 3. Definition of Congruent Angles

4. 𝑀𝐾 = 𝑀𝐾 4. Reflexive Property
5. Given
5. 𝑁𝑀 > 𝑁𝐾
6. Converse of Hinge Theorem
6. m∠NKM > m∠NMK
7. Substitution Property
7. m∠NKM > m∠MKL

Activities

Activity 1: Try It!

Apply the Triangle Inequality Theorem to prove the given problem below.

Given: ΔGLN, 𝐷𝑁 bisects ∠GNL

Prove: 𝑁𝐿 > 𝐿𝐷

MATH 8 QUARTER 4 WEEK 3 P a g e 6 | 10

 L
5
D 4

2 6

1 3
G Figure 1 N
Proof:
Statements Reasons

1. ΔGLN, 𝐷𝑁 bisects ∠ GNL 1. _______________________

2. __________________ 2. An angle bisector divides an angle into
two congruent parts.
3. m∠4 = m∠1 + m∠3 3. _______________________
4. m ∠4 > m∠3 4. The whole is greater than its parts.
5. m∠4 > m∠6 5. _______________________

6. 𝑁𝐿 > 𝐿𝐷 6. _______________________

Activity 2: Show Your Proof

Write the definition, property, postulate or theorem that will prove each of the given statements
using the Hinge Theorem.
Given: O is the midpoint of 𝐶𝑉 C O V

m∠1 = m∠2, and m∠3 = m∠4 3 4

Prove: 𝐷𝐶 > 𝐼𝑉
1 2

D I
Figure 2
Proof:
Statements Reasons

1. O is the midpoint of 𝐶𝑉 1. ._________________

2. ____________________ 2. Given
3. ____________________ 3. Definition of Midpoint
4. ∠1 ≅ ∠2 4. _________________

5. 𝐷𝑂 ≅ 𝐼𝑂 5. Converse of Isosceles Theorem

6. _________________
6. 𝐴𝐵 > 𝐸𝐷

MATH 8 QUARTER 4 WEEK 3 P a g e 7 | 10

 Remember

The following steps have to be observed in writing proofs:

1. Draw the figure described in the problem. The figure may have already been drawn for you,
or you may have to draw it yourself. Label your drawn figure with the information from the
given by: marking congruent or unequal angles or sides, marking perpendicular, parallel
or intersecting lines or indicating measures of angles and/or sides. The markings and the
measures guide you on how to proceed with the proof. They also direct you whether your
plan for proof requires you to make additional constructions in the figure.
2. Write down the reasons carefully. Some of the first reasons are often the given statements
(but not always), and the last step is the statement that you set out to prove.

Check your Understanding

Application: Jay wants to visit his friend Ken, but due to Covid-19, he can’t take the shorter route.
He needs instead to pass Mark’s house to reach Ken’s that definitely take a longer distance.
Their houses are of different distances from each other and in a triangular path. Using this
scenario, write a two-column proof that proves triangle inequality.
L
Illustration:
K

J M
J M

Given: ΔKJM, 𝐽𝐿 > 𝑀𝐿 by construction Construction: Extend 𝐽𝐾 to L where 𝐾𝐿 = 𝐾𝑀.

Prove: 𝐽𝐾 + 𝐾𝑀 > 𝐽𝑀 Join Points M and L.
∠1 = ∠2 (Sides opposite the equal angles are equal

MATH 8 QUARTER 4 WEEK 3 P a g e 8 | 10

 Post-test

Directions: Read and analyze the questions below. Write only the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which theorem states that the sum of the lengths of any two sides is greater than the length
of the third side?
A. Exterior Angle Theorem C. Triangle Inequality Theorem
B. Hinge Theorem D. Converse of the Hinge Theorem

For numbers 2 and 3, consider an isosceles ΔPRN with base PN. Point T is between points P
and N.

2. If m∠PRT > m∠NRT, what relation exists between the lengths of 𝑃𝑇 and 𝑁𝑇?
A. > C. =
B. < D. cannot be determined

3. What theorem justifies your conclusion?

A. Exterior Angle Theorem C. Triangle Inequality Theorem
B. Hinge Theorem D. Converse of the Hinge Theorem

4. Identify the theorem that makes the conclusion valid. In a ΔEXS, 𝑋𝑇 bisects 𝐸𝑆 at T and
𝑋𝐸 > 𝑋𝑆. Therefore, m∠XTE > m∠XTS. X
A. Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem
B. Hinge Theorem
C. Triangle Inequality Theorem
E T S
D. Converse of the Hinge Theorem

5. Mark has proved that 𝐵𝑆 > 𝐵𝑊. Which of the following statements is not part of his proof?
Figure: W
E

115°

S 1150 B

A. 𝐸𝑆 ≅ 𝐸𝑊 B. 𝐸𝐵 ≅ 𝐸𝐵 C. ∠SEB > ∠WEB D. ∠W < ∠S

MATH 8 QUARTER 4 WEEK 3 P a g e 9 | 10

 Reflection

Write the things you have learned about this module and how they are applied in real-life situations.

References:
Orlando A. Oronce / Marilyn O. Mendoza K to 12 E-Math 8 Revised Edition, Rex Book Store
Katrina Grace Q. Sumaguit / Lorelei B. Ladao-Saren / Christianne Ian G. Inosanto. Next Generation Math 8 K to 12
Edition. Diwa Learning Systems Inc.Makati City, 2013
Jose A.Marasigan,Ph.D, Evangeline P.Bautista, Ph.D.,Emmanuel A.Cabral, Ph.D.,Ian June I.Garces, Ph.D., Jumela
F.Sarmiento, Ph.D., and Elvira P. de Lara-Tuprio,Ph.D. XP Geometry. Metro Manila, Cebu, Davao, Vibal Publishing
House, Inc. ,2007

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