PSL+602G Technical Manual
PSL+602G Technical Manual
PSL+602G Technical Manual
TECHNICAL MANUAL
Technical Manual
V.3.30
2005.12
Chapter 1: General
PSL 600G series digital HV line protective equipment (PSL600G) takes the pilot
protection as the main protection of rapid action for whole line and the distance
protection and zero-sequence current protection as the backup protection. The
protective functions are implemented by two CPU modules, one of which (CPU1) is
used for the pilot protective function and the other (CPU2) for the functions of
distance protection and zero-sequence current protection. The hardware of CPU
modules in PSL600G is same while the output circuits are independent.
The Equipment has split-phase outputs, mainly suitable for the power transmission
lines of 220kV and above.
For the single breaker line-connection, one CPU module (CPU3) is added in
PSL602G to implement the reclosing functions: the single phase Reclosing, three
phases reclosing or integrated reclosing.
Table 1-1 The main types and functions of PSL602G
Main functions
Types Distance protection and Notes
Pilot protection Zero-sequence current Reclosing
protection
1
1 General
Suitable for
Fast distance protection
single
3-zone phase-to-phase
breaker
Pilot distance, distance protection With
PSL line-connect
zero-sequence 3-zone grounding Reclosing
602GC ion
protection distance protection
Dual line on
4-zone zero-sequence
the same
current protection
pole
2
1 General
3
1 General
4
1 General
Since the Equipment applies the reliable platform with high performance, its
operation and maintenance become easier and simpler, and the complete process
information can be recorded and used as the incident review for system operation and
analysis.
1.2.5 High standard EMC
As for the other protections and control products of PS6000 Substation Automation
System, much attention is paid to the integral EMC of PSL602G. The product design
is no longer to meet only some anti-interference standards, EMC design is made in
each section of the unit devices, such as AC input, DC power-supply, binary input,
binary output, communication, etc.
PSL602G has passed ten national EMC laboratory tests, such as the electromagnetic
radiation test, the fast-transient pulse group disturbance test, etc. All test results verify
that its EMC index is much higher than the national standard, which ensures the
thorough transfer of the unit device to lower level.
5
2 Technical Parameters
6
2 Technical Parameters
7
2 Technical Parameters
2.2.6 The minimum setting impedance (not including the error induced by the external
factors)
When the transient overrun is not greater than 5%, the minimum setting impedance at
secondary side is 0.01Ω (short-circuit remained voltage > 0.5V).
2.2.7 Distance measurement error (not including the error induced by the external
factors)
For metal-type fault, the error is between ±2%.
2.3 Insulation
8
2 Technical Parameters
non-energized metal part or case, or between any circuits, which are not electrically
connected to each other, should not be less than 1.5M Ω . The dielectric
voltage-withstand intensity should not be less than 75% of the test voltage stipulated
in section 2.3.2.
9
2 Technical Parameters
2.5.1 Vibration
PSL602G can undergo the vibration durability test stipulated in section 16.3 of GB
7261 standard, severity class-I.
2.5.2 Impact
PSL602G can undergo the impact durability test stipulated in section 17.5 of GB 7261
standard, severity class-I.
2.5.3 Collision
PSL602G can undergo the collision durability test stipulated in chapter 18 of GB 7261
standard, severity class-I.
10
3 Equipment Hardware
The demand for reliability has been fully considered in the equipment overall design
and various module designs, special attention has been paid to the acquired data
transmission, program execution, signal indication, communication and so on.
According to the test results, when 4kV fast-transient pulse group disturbance is
exerted on any terminal of PSL602G, or when 15kV space electrostatic discharge
interference or 8kV contact electrostatic discharge interference is exerted on any part
of PSL602G, the data transmission error, the CPU reset, the abnormal signal, the
abnormal LCD information display, and the improper protective action or protective
action failure will not occur. It is much better than the requirements of national
standards.
Since the anti-interference performance of PSL602G has been fully considered,
additional anti-interference modules for AC and DC inputs are not necessary in the
equipment configuration.
PSL602G adopts the standard case of 4U * 19 inches, the full-size front panel and the
back-inserting structure. On the front panel, there are large screen LCD, operating
keyboard, signal indicators, etc.
The back-inserting structure allows the module inserting and withdrawing at the rear
side of the Equipment. The interconnecting lines among the sockets are on the
complete motherboard, which is located in the foreside of the cabinet. Wiring between
terminals is thus avoided, which raises the anti-interference performance of the
equipment body, reduces man-made faults and ensures the quality consistency. The
structure has following advantages:
11
3 Equipment Hardware
>
Setting Switching
Permit
+
reclosing
Protection
< Q > trip
- Reclosing
TV wire breaker
>
Alarm Reset
NO.12 NO.11 NO.10 NO.9 NO.8 NO.7 NO.6 NO.5 NO.4 NO.3 NO.2 NO.1
STANDBY TRIP3 SIGNAL TRIP2 TRIP1 POWER COMM+ CPU3 CPU2 CPU1 AD+ AC
Printer port
+5 V
24V(1)
Ethernet A
Ethernet B
Figure 3-1-2 the terminals of the PSL 602G Protection (Back view)
Setting Switching
TRIP A
+ TRIP B
< Q >
- TRIP C
TV wire breaker
>
Alarm Reset
12
3 Equipment Hardware
NO.12 NO.11 NO.10 NO.9 NO.8 NO.7 NO.6 NO.5 NO.4 NO.3 NO.2 NO.1
STANDBY TRIP3 SIGNAL TRIP2 TRIP1 POWER COMM+ STANDBY CPU2 CPU1 AD+ AC
Printer port
+5 V
24V(1)
Ethernet A
Ethernet B
Figure 3-1-4 the terminals of the PSL 602GA Protection (Back view)
(1) Each module has own terminals and there are only interconnection lines at 5V or
24V level on the motherboard for internal use of protections. The high and low
voltages are thus separated, which suppresses the external electromagnetic
interference on low voltage side, improves the anti-interference performance of the
Equipment and raises its reliability and security.
(2) The interconnections on the motherboard can be arranged in bus mode, which
makes the functional configuration of the Equipment much more flexible.
(3) The big current terminals of AC transformer module can be removed, the open
circuit and shunt problems at TA secondary side, which are caused by the improper
connection of current terminals, thus avoided and the reliability of the Equipment
raised.
(4) The modularized design of cards becomes easier.
(5) According to User’s requirements, some of the modules can be replaced or added,
the functions of the Equipment can be expanded or modified.
13
3 Equipment Hardware
A /D & D S P MMI
AC m o d u le
O p tic
is o la to r QDJ
C P U m o d u le O p tic R e la y
is o la to r o u tp u ts
S w itc h in O p tic
g
v a ria b le
is o la to P rin tin g & c o m m u n ic a tio n
r p o rt
in p u ts
14
3 Equipment Hardware
Breaker
*
LOAD
*
1
A B C
AC
U Ia
1
1 U
2 a Ia’
2
Ub
3 U
4 c Ib
3
5 n
Uxa Ib’
4
8 Uxn
9 Ic’
6
10 1X1-2
I0
Ib
7
To sampling sampling
9
1X1-4 AD
samplin
10
Ic 1X3 Uc Uxc
1X1-5 g 1X7
11
12
1X1-7 I0
1X1-8
1X10
16
3 Equipment Hardware
3 4 5
CPU1 CPU2 CPU3
S-ph tr st
1 HF prot.on 1 p-p dist on 1 3-ph tr st
reclosing
2 Ch. test 2 Gnd dist on 2 reclosing
3 Sig input 3 Z-s zn I on 3 Block reclosing
Low air
4 Oth Prots opn 1 4 Z-s zn II on 4 pressure
Post-closing
5 Plt freq los 5 Z-s genl on 5 relay
6 Transceiver alm 6 6 Reclosing mode
Reclosing time
7 Oth Prots opn 2 7 7 ctrl
8 8 8
9 COM 9 COM 9 COM
10 10 10
11 Send sig stop 11 11
12 control 12 12
13 Reset 13 13
14 transceiver 14 14
17
3 Equipment Hardware
RAM CPU
18
3 Equipment Hardware
100kbps. The internal information transmission speed is thus raised and the bottleneck
of internal communication is removed. The events of protective action can be actively
sent to the MMI module.
There are three ports for external communication. One is on the front panel, which is
of RS232 for connecting to PC, and the other two are on the back panel of the
communication interface module (COM+), which can be set to different physical
interfaces as required.
3.2.5 Communication interface module (COM+)
The communication interface module (COM+) is located on #6 card position. Mainly
it has two functions. The common binary inputs needed and shared by different CPUs
of PSL602G, including GPS synch pulse input, are sent to the motherboard after
optoelectronic conversion on the COM module. The output information from the
MMI module is converted on this module into the corresponding physical interfacing
data for the communication with the substation automation system and the printer.
According to the communication system of substation, the communication interfaces
of the COM module can be configured as following:
6
COM+ 6X12
Power+
Protection
1 TWJA device
2 TWJB 11 COM
3 TWJC 12 GPS+ 6X13
4 13 GPS- Power-
5 14
6 15 OUT+
7 Reclosing mode 216 OUT-
GPS time-checking-nodal
8 17 IN+
9 Reset signal 18 IN- mode
10 6X12
GPS+
6X13
Ethernet A GPS-
GPS time-checking-optic
Ethernet B
coupling mode
20
3 Equipment Hardware
21
3 Equipment Hardware
22
3 Equipment Hardware
10X21
BDJ4
10X22
11X19 11X21
HXJ Con 3-p trip 2
11X20 11X22
Note: PSL602G has this module, PSL602GA has not this module.
23
4 Protective Principles
Sampling(1ms)
Main program
Sampling
interrupt
No
( Enter main Start?
program)
Ye
s
Deal with fault ?
( Enter program of dealing-with-
fault)
PSL602G digital line protection constitutes the directional pilot protection with
energy-integral directional element.
4.1.1 Start element and group reset judgment
4.1.1.1 start element
The protective start element is used to release the power-supply of protective-trip
output relay and start the fault-processing program. PSL602G takes the
superimpose-phase-current as the main start element. When system oscillates, the
floating threshold is added to the superimpose start setting to automatically increase
the start threshold. As the auxiliary start element, the zero-sequence-current start
element is delayed for 30ms to ensure the priority of the superimpose-phase-current
start element. The start elements of each protective module are independent of each
other.
(1) Superimpose-phase-current start element
The criterion is:
24
4 Protective Principles
△iφ>IQD +1.25△IT
Where:
△iφ=| iφ(t)-2*iφ(t-T)+iφ(t-2T) | denotes the superimpose-phase-current;
IQD denotes the superimpose start setting;
△IT=max( | Iφ(t-T)-2*Iφ(t-2T)+Iφ(t-3T)] | ) denotes the maximum of
unbalanced phase current;
φ denotes phase A, B or C;
T is 20ms.
When the superimpose-phase-current of any phase is greater than the start threshold
for three times continuously, the protection starts.
(2) Zero-sequence-current auxiliary start element
Since the sensitivity of the superimpose-phase-current start element is not enough for
the long distance fault or the large resistance fault, the zero-sequence-current start
element is thus configured as a supplement. When the zero-sequence-current is
greater than the start threshold for 30ms, the element acts.
(3) Static and stable damage detection element
It is set to detect the system oscillation caused by the static and stable damage
happened under normal system operating conditions. Its criterion is:
BC phase-to-phase impedance keeps for 30ms in the impedance auxiliary element,
which has entire impedance characteristics
Or
Phase-A current is greater than 1.2 * In (rated current) for 30ms and U1Cosφis
smaller than 0.5 * Vn (rated voltage).
When the element acts, the protective action starts to enter the oscillation-blocking
logic. When TV wire break occurs or the oscillation-blocking function is disabled, this
element becomes ineffective.
4.1.1.2 Group reset judgment
The modules detect the Group Reset Enable signal for each other, only when all
modules satisfy the group reset conditions, could the Equipment carry out the group
reset.
25
4 Protective Principles
Where:
phase-to-phase circuit;
Z denotes the impedance coefficient, automatically set according to the
impedance element setting of the distance protection or pilot direction
protection.
Suppose:
Δmax and Δmin are the maximum and the minimum of Δab, Δbc and
Δca respectively.
The phase selection method is as following:
(1) When Δmin < 0.25Δmax, it is a single phase fault, otherwise a multi-phases
fault.
(2) For single phase fault,
26
4 Protective Principles
fault.
Otherwise, it is a bi-directional fault (one forward, one inverse). The
phase-current directional element is used to select the fault phase with
forward direction.
Suppose:
Where:
27
4 Protective Principles
The value of θ is divided into three areas and each area includes two faults.
The phase-selection element used by PSL602G applies this character to select the
fault phase.
otherwise
(3) If both the directional elements of phase-B and phase-C act, it is phase-B
& phase-C grounding; otherwise
Foe phase-A fault, Zbc is the load impedance, which will not locate in the protective
area, hence when the criterion 1 is satisfied, it is surely the phase-A grounding. For
the bi-directional fault (forward phase-B grounding, inverse phase-C grounding),
because the current directions of phase-B and phase-C are reverse, the measured I0, I1
and I2 are false and the condition in criterion 2 will never be satisfied. Hence, the
bi-directional fault can be detected by criteria 3 and 4.
For 3-phases bi-directional fault (e.g. forward phase-A grounding, inverse phase-B &
28
4 Protective Principles
phase-C grounding), the above criteria can not correctly select the fault phase. Hence,
when three phase-voltages are smaller than 15V, select the forward directional phase
as the fault phase by the phase-current directional elements of the three phases.
This kind of phase-selection element not only can correctly select the fault phase, but
also have enough sensitivity for the faults at weak feeder side.
4.1.3 Directional element
Z ZD
− R ZD ϕ ZD
R ZD
− Z ZD
29
4 Protective Principles
Figure 4-1-4 the directional element configuration of PSL602G pilot distance and
zero-sequence protection
30
4 Protective Principles
stop-communication circuit is put into effect to ensure that the pilot protection near
the charging side can act when the charging line has fault. To prevent the protective
misoperation caused by the closing loop current during line closing, once the line
current has been detected, the Transmission is set to ON. The 3 phases trip position
stop-communication has two conditions: during protective start, the
stop-communication is always ON; during normal operation, with a delay of 160ms
after the Blocking signal has been received, the stop-communication becomes OFF. It
ensures that the protection on the opposite side can act during the fault, while the
communication channel check is still carried out.
The logic of the communication channel check follows the “Four Unification”
solution: the manual check or the scheduled automatic check controlled by Control
Word.
In Release mode, since the fault of the line to be protected may cause protective
action failure due to channel congestion, PSL602G has also the Block-release mode.
The possibility of the channel congestion caused by the single phase fault is not
considered by PSL602G. The Block-release mode is only applied to the
phase-to-phase fault. Whether the Block-release mode is ON is selected by the
Control Word. When own side is of forward phase-to-phase fault and if there was no
the Guide-Frequency-Disappear signal before protective start, which arrives then
within 100ms after start, and there is no Release signal, the protective Trip acts.
4.1.6 Weak feeder protection
The weak feeder protection is configured in the high-frequency protection for the protection of
When in-area fault occurs, the weak feeder side may not be able to stop communication in the
Blocking mode, this causes the protective action failure of the high-frequency protection at
opposite side. In the Release mode, since the weak feeder side can not send the Release signal, this
also causes the protective action failure. Take the Blocking mode as an example, the weak feeder
(1) When in-area fault occurs, the weak feeder side stops communication quickly.
32
4 Protective Principles
R' = min(0.5 RZD ,0.5Z ZD ) , i.e. take the smaller one of 0.5 RZD,
0.5Z ZD
33
4 Protective Principles
Receive signal
"1" Test
button T1
KG1.8 =1 10
Schedule Check 1 H1 0 &
channel Y1
0
"0"
T2
200
0
0 T4 10"
5" 0 & =1
& Y3 H2 & Send
T3 Y2 Y11 signal
2
0
T5
=1
160 H3 &
0 Y4
T6 &
3-phases trip Y6
state
Other protection 0 =1
trip 120 H4
T23
=1
H5 &
Protection start
Y7
Protection reset
=1
Protection trip 0 H30
signal 120 &
Y8
T21
Inverse direction T7
40
0 =1 =1
&
H6
Stop signal
Forward direction Y9 H7
T8 &
10 Y10
50
T9 T10
5 & & 5or8
0 =1 Y21 Y22 0 =1
Protection trip
H8 H19
T11
120
0 &
Y23
=1
H22
KG1.11 &
& 1 Y25 =1
20 Y24 H21
Low voltage element 0
0 "0"
T22
KG1.10
10 1
120 &
Y26 & 0
"0"
T12 120 Y27
0 T14
T13
& 30
Y28 Weak feeder trip
0
KG1.8: Regul.ck.ch. on
KG1.10:Weak-fdbk tr.on
KG1.11:Wk-fdbk.echo on
34
4 Protective Principles
35
4 Protective Principles
=1
H5
Protection start &
Y7
Protection reset
&
Y
3-phases trip state 6
T2
0 3 =1
Other protection trip 12
0 H4
=1
H3
Protection trip signal 0 12
& 0
T2 0 Y8
1 T
Inverse direction
7
30 Send
0 =1 =1
& H permitting
Y9 6 H2 signal
Forward direction
T
8 &
10
Y1 T1
0
50 0
& 8
Y2 0 =1
Receive signal 2 H1 Protection trip
9
10
0 & 20
0 Y3 0
Phase-phase fault
KG.12 T2 2
&
Y3 4
T2
1
Pilot frequency loss
1 0
"0" 0
T1
12
1
0
& 0 &
Y2
=1 Y3
H2 0 3
2
KG.1
&
Y2 11 &
Y2
20 =1
Low voltage element 4 0 5 H2
0 "0"
T2 1
KG.1
2
5 12 10
&
0 Y2
T1 6 12
&
Y2 "0"
0
2 T1
T1 0 0
7
4
3 &
Y2 30
Weak feeder
0 trip
8
KG.10:Weak-fdbk tr.on
KG.11:Wk-fdbk.echo
on
KG.12:Unblock-mode on
PSL602G applied the completely same backup protection (HW and SW), including
the fast distance protection, 3-zone phase-to-phase distance protection, 3-zone
grounding distance protection and 4-zone zero-sequence directional-overcurrent
protection. The principles of PSL602G’s distance protection and zero-sequence
protection are explained together.
36
4 Protective Principles
grounding distance protections (Za, Zb and Zc). Except the 3-zone distance, there are the auxiliary
impedance elements: 24 impedance relays. During all-phase operation, the 24 relays are put into
effect simultaneously; while during non-all-phase operation, only the relays of the sanity phases
are put into effect. For an example, when phase A is broken, only the protections of every zones in
Zbc, Zb and Zc circuits are effective. In order to increase the protective action speed further, the fast
distance zone-I is configured, which can quickly cut off the in-area faults in most of the practical
systems. In some special systems (such as extra long line), the output fault can also be quickly cut
off.
the measuring precision under the most serious conditions. Therefore, it is difficult to
significantly increase the protective action speed. The fast distance zone-I provided in
PSL602G adopts a fast algorithm, which is based on the waveform identification
theory. It evaluates real-timely the noise level according to the fault current waveform
and adjusts automatically the action threshold (0-80% ZZD1). The protective action
speed is thus increased greatly.
When the instant phase-to-phase zone-I or grounding zone-I are put into effect, the
fast distance zone-I of the phase-to-phase or grounding circuit becomes effective
automatically.
4.2.2.2 Grounding distance protection
The grounding distance protection consists of the offset impedance element ZPYφ, the
zero-sequence impedance element X0φ and the positive-sequence directional element
F1φ . (φ=a, b and c)
The impedance element applies the algorithm of the differential equation with Fourier
integral. The grounding impedance algorithm is:
Uφ=Lφd(Iφ+Kx3I0)/dt+Rφ(Iφ+Kr3I0),φ=a,b,c
Where:
Kx=(X0-X1)/3X1,Kr=(R0-R1)/3R1
The action characteristics of zone-I and zone-II of the offset impedance element in the
grounding distance protection are shown by the thick solid lines in Figure 4-2-2-2-1.
The action characteristics of zone-III of the offset impedance element in the
grounding distance protection are shown by the thick solid lines in Figure 4-2-2-2-2.
The impedance setting ZZD is different for each zone, while the resistance component
setting RZD and the sensitive angleφZD are same for three zones. The offset threshold
varies automatically according to RZD and ZZD.
The offset threshold of R component is:
R' = min(0.5 RZD ,0.5Z ZD ) , i.e. the smaller one of ( 0.5 RZD,
0.5Z ZD )
39
4 Protective Principles
In order to simplify the cooperation of the resistance components for each zone, the
obliquity of the boundary at characteristic resistance side is the same as the line
impedance angel Ф . Therefore, the fault-resistance-bearing capability in any
protective zone is same.
X
ZZD
12°
F1 X0
55°
ΦZD ΦZD R
25°
F1
U1
− 25 o ≤ arg ≤ 145 o
I A + K 3I 0
The action characteristics are shown by the double-dot lines in above Figure 4-2-2-2.
The voltages of the sanity phases are used by the forward directional element, the
40
4 Protective Principles
correct direction is thus ensured when the asymmetric fault occurs at the line output
end. However, when 3-phase output fault happens, the positive-sequence voltage is
zero, the direction can not be hence correctly obtained. So, when the voltages of three
phases are all low, the direction is obtained by comparing the memorized voltages and
then fixed. After the voltages have been recovered, the positive-sequence voltage is
used again.
When two phases are grounding through a transition resistance or single phase
grounding through a transition resistance occurs at both ends of a source line, the
grounding impedance relay may have overrun. Because the zero-sequence impedance
element can prevent this kind of overrun, the grounding impedance is configured with
zero-sequence reactor X0 . The action equation of X0 is (take the reactor of phase-A
X0a as an example):
U ϕ − Z ZD ( I ϕ + K 3I 0 )
− 90 o ≤ arg jδ
≤ 90 o
I 0e
The action characteristics of X0 are shown by the dotted lines in Figure 4-2-2-2-1. It is
shown that the protective range of X0 is the same as that of ZPY.
4.2.2.3 Phase-to-phase distance protection
The phase-to-phase distance protection consists of the offset impedance element ZPYφφ
and the positive-sequence directional element F1φφ. (φφ=bc, ca and ab)
The phase-to-phase impedance algorithm is:
U=LφφdIφφ/dt+RIφφ,φφ=bc,ca,ab
The action characteristics of zone-I and zone-II of the phase-to-phase offset
impedance are shown by the thick solid lines in Fig. Figure 4-2-2-2-1. The action
characteristics of zone-III of the offset impedance element in the grounding distance
protection are shown by the thick solid lines in Figure 4-2-2-2-2. The offset
characteristics of the phase-to-phase distance are the same as those of the grounding
distance. The impedance setting ZZD is different for each zone, while the sensitive
angleφZD are same for three zones. The resistance component of the phase-to-phase
offset impedance zone-I and zone-II is half of RZD, while that of zone-III is RZD. The
offset threshold varies automatically according to RZD and ZZD.
41
4 Protective Principles
X
ZZD
φZD R
c) Fast and reliable release when there is an in-area fault during system oscillation
d) No release when there is an out-area fault during system oscillation and the
distance protection may operate improperly.
For the lines, which will never have system oscillation, the oscillation blocking
function may be disabled by the Control Word to increase the protective action speed.
The oscillation-blocking-release element used in PSL602G, adopts the impedance
asymmetric method, the sequence component method and the oscillation track radius
check method. When any one acts, the protective zone-I and zone-II will be released.
The former two methods can only release the asymmetric faults and they are disabled
during non-all-phase operation. The last method is enabled during both all- and
non-all phase operations.
When the phase-selection element selects phase-A and the measured impedance
between phase-B and phase-C is out of the auxiliary impedance range, the impedance
zone-I and zone-II of phase-A are released. The grounding distance protection of
phase-B and phase-C are the same.
During system oscillation, if the power angle of both sides is about 180°, the
auxiliary zone of the phase-to-phase impedance may act, which will not release the
grounding distance protection. If the power angle of both sides is about 0°, the
grounding distance protection will be released, which will not lead to improper action.
The advantage of this method is that the protection can be released during grounding
through high impedance, while the disadvantage is that only the single phase
grounding fault is released.
43
4 Protective Principles
When I0+I2>mI1 , the distance protection is released. It is based on the zero- and
negative-sequence components during the asymmetric fault. Where m is the reliability
coefficient, used to prevent the protective misoperation during the out-area faults.
3) Oscillation track radius check method
For the pure system oscillation or the fault through the transition resistance during system
oscillation, the changing track of the measured impedance is a circle. For the metal-type faults, it
changes to a point. The impedance changing rate dz/dt has internal relationship with the radium of
track circle. It measures the impedance track to prevent the protective misoperation caused by the
out-area faults during system oscillation. The method is that when following criteria are met, the
dZ bc
a) < 0.5Z Σ
dt
dZ bc
b) Z bc > 2
dt
dZ bc
c) Z bc < Z zd − 4
dt
Where:
Z zd denotes the setting of distance protection;
Z Σ denotes the threshold, smaller than the total system impedance, set
44
4 Protective Principles
protective misoperation will happen. To increase the security further, this element will
be automatically blocked when the long system-oscillation duration has been detected
by the Equipment.
When the output fault occurs, the action failure will happen in condition b). Therefor,
a superimpose directional element is added. When criterion a) and c) are met, and
criterion b) is not met, if the superimpose directional element has acted, release the
distance protection for 100ms.
4.2.2.5 Closing speed-up protection
During the reclosing speed up period of the distance protection, the resistance
component of the offset characteristics for the instant speed-up-offset-impedance
zone-II and zone-III is half of the resistance setting of the distance protection. They
can be enabled or disabled according to the Control Word separately.
During the manual closing-speed-up period of the distance protection, the resistance
component of the offset characteristics for the instant speed-up-offset-impedance
zone-III is half of the resistance setting of the distance protection.
After reclosing or manual closing, the distance protection zone-I, zone-II and zone-III
will still perform according to the corresponding time settings.
After reclosing, if there is current, the reclosing speed up pulse will be prolonged by
400ms. If there is no current, the reclosing speed up pulse will be prolonged by 1s. It
is 3 seconds for the manual closing speed up pulse.
4.2.3 Distance protection logic
45
4 Protective Principles
46
4 Protective Principles
The zero-sequence protection of PSL602G has four zones and a speed-up zone,
whether they have directional elements is chosen by the Control Word. The
zero-sequence protection for the TV wire break of zone-I is also enabled or disabled
by the Control Word (this zone is not controlled by the pressure-plate). There are the
pressure-plates for zero-sequence zone-I, zone-II and general zero-sequence. When
the general pressure-plate is disabled, all zones of the zero-sequence protection are
disabled. Set the current setting and time setting to the maximum to disable zone-III
or speed-up zone separately.
The current setting of zero-sequence zone-IV is also the current start setting of the
zero-sequence protection. Set the time setting of zone-IV to 100s to disable
zero-sequence zone-IV. In order to make all the protective modules have the same
zero-sequence current start sensitivity, set zone-IV’s current setting of the
zero-sequence protection as that of other protective modules.
The zero-sequence zone-I and zone-II can be set as sensitive zone or non-sensitive
zone by the Control Word. During non-all-phase operation and reclosing, zone-I or
zone-II, which is set as non-sensitive zone, is effective, while zone-I or zone-II, which
is set as sensitive zone, is ineffective.
Zero-sequence voltage 3U0 is calculated automatically by the protection, i.e. 3U0=
Ua+Ub+Uc. When 3U0 <2V, the zero-sequence directional element is blocked. The
action range of the zero-sequence directional element is:
•
o 3U 0 o
170 ≤ arg •
≤ 330
3I 0
47
4 Protective Principles
If it is ON, all the zero-sequence-current zones with the direction will become
ineffective.
The independent speed-up zone of the zero-sequence protection puts into effect during
the reclosing speed up pulse or manual closing speed up pulse. The current setting and
delay of the zero-sequence speed-up zone are settable.
The action of zero-sequence zone-III and zone-IV is permanent trip or selectable trip
depends on the control word separately.
48
4 Protective Principles
49
4 Protective Principles
Binary inputs
Reclosing modes
Reclosing Mode 1 Reclosing Mode 2
0 0 Single Phase
1 0 Integrated(Single & 3
Phases)
0 1 3 Phases
1 1 Ineffective
Where:
0 = 0V; 1 = 24V.
When both reclosing mode 1 and reclosing mode 2 are 0V, the single phase reclosing
mode is enabled:
Single phase trip and reclosing for the system single phase fault;
3 phases trip for the system multi-phase fault, no reclosing.
When reclosing mode 1 is 24V and reclosing mode 2 is 0V, the integrated reclosing
mode is enabled:
Single phase trip and reclosing for the system single phase fault;
3 phases trip and reclosing for the system multi-phase fault.
50
4 Protective Principles
When reclosing mode 1 is 0V and reclosing mode 2 is 24V, the 3 phases reclosing
mode is enabled:
3 phases trip and reclosing for any system fault.
When both reclosing mode 1 and reclosing mode 2 are 24V, the reclosing is
ineffective.
Cooperated with the protection, the conditional 3 phases reclosing mode can be
implemented:
3 phases trip and reclosing for the system single phase fault;
3 phases trip for the system multi-phases fault, no reclosing.
4.4.2 Start Reclosing
The Reclosing of PSL602G can be started by following modes:
(1) Protective single phase trip
(2) Protective 3 phases trip
(3) Breaker-Position
The conditions of the Breaker-Position start are (AND gate):
(1) Bit 0 of the Control Word is 1
(2) Single phase switch-off or three-phase switch-off of breaker (the single phase
trip relay or three-phase trip relay action)
(3) No current on tripped phase
(4) The conditions for single phase trip or 3 phases trip are not satisfied
(5) The post-closing relay acts (only the post-closing relay is set as useful)
The STJ signal is connected to the binary input terminal of Block-Reclosing to block
the Breaker-Position start during manual trip.
The conditions of the single phase trip start are (AND gate):
(1) The protective single phase trip signal is issued
(2) No current on tripped phase
(3) The conditions for 3 phases trip are not satisfied
The conditions of the 3 phases trip start are (AND gate):
(1) The protective 3 phases trip signal is issued
(2) No currents on three phases
51
4 Protective Principles
52
4 Protective Principles
selected, which is used for large power plant side to prevent the impact upon the units when
53
4 Protective Principles
=1
External single phase
& &
H3 CQJ1
trip start =1
Local single phase trip Y2 Y3
H2
start
KG.3 &
t1
Check 3-phases 1 0
voltage Y5 =1
"1" 0 t1
H4
Check Sync/3-phases
voltage
&
t3
0
Y4
TWJA t2
&
TWJB
Y6
TWJC
KG.13 & KG.0
Post-closing 1 1
relay 0 Y7 0
=1
CQJ3
"1" "0" H6
No current in 3-
phases
Permanent trip =1
=1 H8
Block reclosing
H7
Ineffetive reclosing
Single phase
reclosing mode
& =1
200
Low pressure 0
&
t3
Y10
CQJ1 =1
CQJ3 H11
&
0
& 100
=1
& tc
TWJA 1 Y13 CHJ
=1 Y12 t6 H13
TWJB Y11 t4
H12
TWJC
No current in
corresponding &
phase
Y15
&
300
0 Y14
t5
54
4 Protective Principles
4.5 Others
(1) | U a + U b + U c |> 8V
⎧ Un
⎪⎪U 2 >
(2) ⎨ 2
⎪ In I
⎪⎩ I 2 < 4 或 < 1
I 2
4
When one of above two criteria is satisfied, after a delay of 100ms, the pilot
protection and the distance protection are blocked. If it prolongs for 1.25s, the TV
wire break signal is issued and the TV wire break event reported.
Before the protective start, the criteria of the three-phase voltage-loss are:
When bus TV is applied:
| U a | + | U b | + | U c |< 0 .5U n
55
4 Protective Principles
TV wire break.
During TV wire break, the high-frequency protection and the distance protection
become ineffective, the static-and-stable-damage detection element is disabled.
Whether the directional element of the zero-sequence current protection should be
disabled depends on the Control Word. These zones of the zero-sequence current
protection, which have no directional element, are effective, while those, which have
no directional element, will be ineffective.
In the distance protection module and the zero-sequence current protection module,
the TV wire break zero-sequence current protection and the TV wire break phase
current protection may put into effect during TV wire break according to the Control
Word. Their settings and delays can be set separately.
After TV wire break, if the voltage recovers, the TV wire break signal lamp is reset,
the corresponding TV-wire break/Voltage-loss Disappear event is reported, and all
protections recover to normal automatically.
4.5.2 TA abnormal identification
Running in 2 hours, protection checks AC sequence, which is applied:
1)3I2>0.25IN;
2)3I2>4*3I1;
3)duration 1min;
When above criteria are satisfied, the TA inverse sequence is reported.
When the maximum phase-to-phase-current difference is greater than 50% of the
maximum phase-current, after a delay of 10 minutes the Asymmetric-TA-Load is
reported.
When the zero-sequence current 3I0 is greater than the zero-sequence auxiliary start
setting, after a delay of 10s the Unbalanced-TA is reported and the zero-sequence
auxiliary start element is blocked. One second after the zero-sequence current has
returned back, the protection recovers to normal immediately.
4.5.3 Information record and analysis
PSL602G has the fault waveform recording function. The recordable analogs are ia, ib,
ic, 3i0, ua, ub, uc, 3u0 and uxc. The actual recorded analogs depend on the incoming
56
4 Protective Principles
analogs of the Equipment. The recordable binaries are the positions of breaker, the
protective closing command, the data-receiving states of the high-frequency
protection and the communication control states. The 3u0 is not an incoming
parameter, which is calculated by the Equipment through adding the three phase
voltages together. However, it is recorded to simplify the analysis.
Only when the line impedance enters the impedance auxiliary zone or the
zero-sequence zone-IV, the recording data are stored in Flash memory (involatile
during power-loss) to prevent the unnecessary data storage caused by the frequent
protective start under system disturbance. Otherwise, data are stored in RAM only.
12~48 waveform recording reports can be recorded (depending on the complexity of
fault, normally 30 reports). More than 1500 events can be recorded. The recorded
reports or events can be read by PC.
Except the system disturbance data, PSL602G records the COS event of binary inputs,
Equipment alarm event, etc.
When PSL602G outputs Trip command, the fault type and location are given by the
distance protection.
With the debug/analysis software PSView, the recorded data of PSL602G can be read,
analyzed and saved, such as waveforms, events, settings, protective action process
(Flag sets). PSView can real-timely read the events sent by the protections and read
the historic information stored in the Equipment, which will not influence the proper
operation of the protections.
4.5.4 Cooperation with the substation automation system
PSL602G can be used in both automatic and non-automatic substations.
When it is used in non-automatic substation, the Hard-Pressure-Plate mode is set by
the keyboard of the Equipment. The operation modes of the Equipment are then set by
the external pressure plates, the settings are changed manually and the breakers are
tripped or closed manually except under the line fault conditions. The information of
the Equipment is given by signal lamps, LCD and printers, or displayed by PSView
on PC.
When it is used in automatic substation, the Soft-Pressure-Plate mode is set by the
57
4 Protective Principles
keyboard of the Equipment. The operation modes of the Equipment are then remotely
set by the supervisory system, and the settings are changed by the supervisory system.
Other functional pressure plates and setting exchange operations are ineffective. The
breakers can be remotely operated through the Equipment and the protective
information can be real-timely sent upward through communication.
58
5 Descriptions of the Protection Configuration and Settings
59
5 Descriptions of the Protection Configuration and Settings
coefficient K X ) are:
X 0 − X1 R0 − R1
Kx = , Kr =
3X 1 3R1
Where:
60
5 Descriptions of the Protection Configuration and Settings
10 Only when
Weak-fdbk tr. on Weak-fdbk tr. off Weak-Feeder-Echo
is effective
9 Oscil.block on Oscil.block off
8 Regul.ck.ch. on Regul.ck.ch. off
7 Only when
9:00 day ck.ch 10:00 day ck.ch Schedule-channel-c
heck is effective
6 I-p.flt.3-tr.on I-p.flt.3-tr. off
5 3-p.flt.3-tr.on 3-p.flt.3-tr.off
4 p-p.flt.3-tr.on p-p.flt.3-tr. off
3 Pil.dis.acc.on Pil.dis.acc.off
2 Pil. Z-s. dir. Pil. Z-s.no dir.
1 Both Release and
Ch.sig.conf. 8 ms Ch.sig.conf.5 ms
Blocking modes
0 In Blocking mode
Mult-carri. mode Spec-trams.mode
only
5. 2. Setting list and descriptions of the distance protection and the zero-sequence
protection
Table 5-2-1 the setting list of the distance protection and the zero-sequence protection
61
5 Descriptions of the Protection Configuration and Settings
Setting descriptions:
1. Su-chg-val.star. (Superimpose changing current start setting)
It is used to ensure the enough sensitivity for line end fault. It should be the same as
those of other CPU modules to make the start sensitivity of every CPU module same.
2. Ln.pos-s.imp.ang (Line positive-sequence impedance angle setting)
It is set according to the actual line positive-sequence impedance-angle, which is
shared by the phase-to-phase distance protection and the grounding distance
protection.
62
5 Descriptions of the Protection Configuration and Settings
coefficient K X ) are:
X 0 − X1 R0 − R1
Kx = , Kr =
3X 1 3R1
Where:
63
5 Descriptions of the Protection Configuration and Settings
L
DBL = × K PT
X 1 K CT
Where:
L: Total length of line
X1: Total positive-sequence impedance in Ohm (primary impedance)
KTV: TV ratio
KTA: TA ratio
The fault distance is then the measured impedance times the coefficient. For example:
If:
Total line length: 30km
Total positive-sequence impedance: 11.4Ω
KTA = 1200
5
KTV = 220
0.1
Then:
DBL=24.12
8. Control Word descriptions of the distance protection and the zero-sequence
protection
Each Control Word has 16 bits and Bit 0 is the least.
Table 5-2-2 the descriptions of distance protection Control Word
Bit Definition for 1 (ON) Definition for 0 (OFF) Note
15 TA,TV s-ck on TA,TV s-ck off
14 TA rated curt.1A TA rated curt. 5A
11-13 Stanby Standby
10 I-p.re-flt.p-tr I-p.re-flt. 3-tr
9 3-p flt.p-tr.on 3-p flt.p-tr.off
64
5 Descriptions of the Protection Configuration and Settings
Note 1: When line TV has the wire break, during the non-all-phase operation and the
closing speed-up, the zero-sequence power direction becomes automatically
ineffective.
Note 2: When TV has the wire break, all zero-sequence current zones with direction
are ineffective.
Note 3: The standby bits are set to 0.
Table 5-2-4 the descriptions of the distance/zero-sequence protection Control Word 3
Bit Definition for 1 (ON) Definition for 0 (OFF) Note
15 Fast dis.zn.1 on Fast dis.zn.1 off
14-2 Standby Standby
1 Z-s.zn4 i-p a. Z-s.zn4 i-p una.
0 Z-s.zn.4 n-dir Z-s.zn.4 no n-dir
65
5 Descriptions of the Protection Configuration and Settings
3 I04 0.05~200 A
Z-s. cur. star.
Setting descriptions:
1. Z-s. cur. star.(Zero-sequence current start setting)
66
5 Descriptions of the Protection Configuration and Settings
68
5 Descriptions of the Protection Configuration and Settings
69
5 Descriptions of the Protection Configuration and Settings
70
5 Descriptions of the Protection Configuration and Settings
71
5 Descriptions of the Protection Configuration and Settings
72
5 Descriptions of the Protection Configuration and Settings
73
5 Descriptions of the Protection Configuration and Settings
action
10 09H 0AH Zero-sequence zone-Ⅰ action Zero-s.zn.1.trip
11 0AH 0BH Zero-sequence zone-Ⅱ action Zero-s.zn.2.trip
12 0BH 0CH Zero-sequence zone-Ⅲ action Zero-s.zn.3.trip
13 0CH 0DH Zero-sequence zone-Ⅳ action Zero-s.zn.4.trip
Zero-sequence accelerating zone
14 0DH 0EH Zero-s.accr.trip
action
Zero-sequence zone action under TV
15 0EH 0FH TV fail.z-s.trip
wire break
Phase-overcurrent action under TV
16 0FH 10H TV f.ph.O/C trip
wire break
17 10H 11H Pilot protection phase B trip Phase A trip
18 11H 12H Pilot protection phase Ctrip Phase A trip
19 12H 13H Pilot protection sigle-phase trip fail Phase A trip
20 13H 14H Protection 3-phase trip 3-phase trip
21 14H 15H Protection permanent trip Permanent trip
22 15H 16H Single phase trip fail. Si-ph trip fail.
23 16H 17H 3-phase trip fail. 3-ph trip fail
24 17H 18H Permanent-trip fail. p-trip fail
25 18H 19H Permanent-trip fail return. P-tr.fail.ret
No phase-selected backup protection No ph-sel.bk-tr.
26 19H 1AH
trip.
27 1AH 1BH Fault type and range Fault type&range
Zero-sequence inverse time-lag Z-s. IDMT trip
28 1BH 1CH
protection trip
Distance&Zero-sequence protection
29 1CH 1DH Dis.&Z-s.pro.st
stat
Distance&Zero-sequence protection
30 1DH 1EH Dis.&Z-s.pro.rt
reset
31 1EH 1FH Range impedance value Rang-imped.val.
32 1FH 20H Fault-phase current Fault-ph current
33 20H 21H Backup protection long-term unreturn Bk-p.l-tm.unret.
Index COM Ethernet Full name Abbreviation
Table-3:Communication Code of DI group
PSL602G
Index Full name Abbreviation
01 Phase-A trip state Ph-A trip state
02 Phase-B trip state Ph-B trip state
03 Phase-C trip state Ph-C trip state
04 Phase-to-phase distance protect on P-p distance on
05 Grounding distance protect on Gd. distance on
06 Zero-sequence zone-Ⅰon Z-s.zn.1 prot.on
07 Zero-sequence zone-Ⅱon Z-s.zn.2 prot.on
08 General zero-sequence protection on Z-s.general on
74
5 Descriptions of the Protection Configuration and Settings
75
5 Descriptions of the Protection Configuration and Settings
76
5 Descriptions of the Protection Configuration and Settings
Zone-2 impedance
Grounding Distance protection
17 Gd.dis.zn.3 imp
Zone-3impedance
Grounding Distance protection
18 Gd.dis.zn.1 tm.
Zone-1 time-lag
Grounding Distance protection
19 Gd.dis.zn.1 tm.
Zone-2 time-lag
Grounding Distance protection
20 Gd.dis.zn.1 tm.
Zone-3 time-lag
21 Zero-sequence protection Zone-1 cuttent Z-s.zn.1 curt
22 Zero-sequence protection Zone-2 cuttent Z-s.zn.2 curt
23 Zero-sequence protection Zone-3 cuttent Z-s.zn.3curt
24 Zero-sequence protection Zone-4 cuttent Z-s.zn.4 curt
Zero-sequence protection speed-up zone
25 Z-s.accr.zn.curt.
current
Current of Zero-sequence protection for TV
26 Z-s.zn.curt-TV f
wire-broken
27 Zero-sequence protection Zone-1 time Z-s.zn.1. time
28 Zero-sequence protection Zone-2 time Z-s.zn.2.time
29 Zero-sequence protection Zone-3 time Z-s.zn.3.time
30 Zero-sequence protection Zone-4 time Z-s.zn.4.time
31 Zero-sequence protection Speed-up time Z-s.accr.zn.curt
TV wire-broken Zero-sequence protection
32 Z-s.zn.curt-TV f
time
TV wire-broken Over-current protection
33 O/C-TV fail
current
34 TV wire-broken Over-current protection time O/C time-TV fail
35 Distance ranging ratio Ranging ratio
Index Full name Abbreviation
Table-7-1:Communication Code of Control word 1 group
1 0
Bit
Full name Abbreviation Full name Abbreviation
TA,TC self-check
15 TA,TC self-check on TA,TV s-ck on TA,TV s-ck off
off
14 TA rated current.1A TA rated curt.1A TA rated current.5A TA rated curt. 5A
Non-all-phase refault Non-all-phase
10 I-p.re-flt.p-tr I-p.re-flt. 3-tr
permanent trip refault 3-trip
3-phase fault 3-phase fault
9 3-p flt.p-tr.on 3-p flt.p-tr.off
permanent trip on permanent trip off
Phase to phase fault Phase to phase fault
8 P-p flt.p-tr.on P-p flt.p-tr.off
permanent trip on permanent trip off
Distance zone 2 Distance zone 2
7 Dis.zn2 p-tr.on Dis.zn2 p-tr.off
permanent trip on permanent trip off
Distance zone 3 Distance zone 3
6 Dis.zn3 p-tr.on Dis.zn3 p-tr.off
permanent trip on permanent trip off
Distance shift zone 3 Distance shift zone
5 Dis.z3 shift on Dis.z3 shift off
permanent trip on 3 permanent trip off
Reclosing accelerate Reclosing accelerate
4 Rec.acc.zn.3 on Rec.acc.zn.3 off
distance zone 3 on distance zone 3 off
3 Reclosing accelerate Rec.acc.zn.2 on Reclosing accelerate Rec.acc.zn.2 off
77
5 Descriptions of the Protection Configuration and Settings
78
5 Descriptions of the Protection Configuration and Settings
1 0
Bit
Full name Abbreviation Full name Abbreviation
Fast distance zone 1 Fast distance zone 1
15 on
Fast dis.zn.1 on
off
Fast dis.zn.1 off
Zone-sequence zone Zone-sequence zone
1 4 for non-all-phase Z-s.zn4 i-p a. 4 for non-all-phase Z-s.zn4 i-p una.
accelerate unaccelerate
Zone-sequence zone Zone-sequence zone
0 4 with non-direction Z-s.zn.4 n-dir 4 without Z-s.zn.4 no n-dir
zone non-direction zone
Full name Abbreviation Full name Abbreviation
Bit
1 0
79
5 Descriptions of the Protection Configuration and Settings
80
5 Descriptions of the Protection Configuration and Settings
81
5 Descriptions of the Protection Configuration and Settings
82
GUODIAN NANJING AUTOMATION CO.,LTD.
Address: 38 Xin Mofan Road, Nanjing, PRC
PostCode: 210003
Tel:(+86 25)83421394 83418700
Customer Service:(+86 25)83537020
E-mail: :[email protected]
Fax: (+86 25)83422174
http://www.Sac-china.com