SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Reading Materials and Activity Sheets

Quarter 3
Introduction to the Philosophy of the
Human Person

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 LETTER TO THE LEARNERS

This learning module contains all the topics for 3rd Quarter on Introduction to the
Philosophy of the Human Person. It will help you to understand the meaning and process of
doing philosophy of the human person as an embodied being in the world and the
environment as a means towards a holistic understanding of life. It contains activities that
will help you reflects on a concrete experience in a philosophical way and demonstrates
various ways of doing philosophy and evaluate opinion. The module is self-instructional and
allows you to learn in your own space, at your own pace.

To fully understand the lesson from the reading materials, follow the following
instructions:

1. Read and follow instructions carefully.

2. This reading material has an accompanying activity sheets, write your answers in the
Activity Sheets. Use extra sheets only if you are told to do so. And, submit Activity
Sheets only.
3. For the whole quarter, you are tasked to answer 4 Written Works and 4 Performance
Tasks.
4. Let your parent/guardian affix their signature in every Activity Sheet.
5. Answer all the Activities provided. If you have some confusion/clarification about the
Activity, feel free to communicate with your teacher. You may reach me thru my
cellphone#09977263011 and messenger account: Roden Avila
6. Submit all the Activity Sheets on time.
7. Relax and enjoy learning.

RODEN R. AVILA

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 Lesson The Meaning and Method of
1 Doing Philosophy

The word philosophy comes from two Greek words: philos (love) and sophia (wisdom).
The ancient Greeks used this term to refer to “love of wisdom” and they soon applied it to the
study or discipline that uses human reason to investigate the ultimate causes, reasons, and
principles which govern all things.
Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental questions about existence,
knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.
Philosophy in simple words is a way of thinking about the world, the universe, and
society. It works by asking very basic questions about the nature of human thought, the nature
of the universe, and the connections between them. The ideas in philosophy are often general
and abstract.
Philosophy is the study of humans and the world by thinking and asking questions. It is
a science and an art. Philosophy tries to answer important questions by coming up with answers
about real things and asking "why?”
Philosophy as a traditional science is an academic discipline that exercises reason and
logic in an attempt to understand reality and answer fundamental questions about knowledge,
life, morality and human nature. Philosophers also attempt to answer philosophical questions
through philosophical methods.

Branches of Philosophy
Philosophy can be divided into four major branches which address the following
questions:
Metaphysics Study of Existence What‟s out there?
Epistemology Study of Knowledge How do I know about it?
Ethics Study of Action What should I do?
Aesthetics Study of Art What can life be like?

TERM DEFINITION
Aesthetics Branch of Philosophy that delves into art

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Anthropocentrism This view considers man the most important species on the
planet
Biocentrism This view believes that all organisms have inherent woth and
should be valued and protected.
Econcentrism This view places great value on ecosystems and biological
communities.
Epistemology The study of the process of attaining knowledge.
Ethics Branch of philosophy dealing with correct judgement.
Environmental Philosophy Branch of philosophy that is concerned with the natural
environment and humanity‟s place in it.
Human This term refers to man as a species and distinguishes man
from other animals.
Metaphysics Branch of philosophy that deals with the examination of
existence.
Person This refers to the totality of an individual who possesses
awareness, self-determination, and the capacity to interact
with others.
Phenomenology Philosophy The study that uses human reason to investigate the ultimate
causes, reasons, and principles which govern all things.
Self This refers to an individual who is actively aware that he or she
is perceiving and experiencing reality.

Lesson The Difference Between Holistic

1.1 Perspective from a Partial Point of View
Holistic thinking refers to a perspective that considers large-scale patterns in systems. A holistic
perspective requires an individual to have an open mind set and ability to get the general sense or
impression regarding a situation.
Partial thinking focuses on specific aspects of a situation. The partial view is an important
component of analytical thinking, as an individual focuses on certain areas or aspects of a problem in
order to understand it.

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 The term "holistic thinking" refers to a big picture mentality in which a person recognizes the
interconnectedness of various elements that form larger systems, patterns and objects. Thinking
holistically is the opposite of analyzing something, which involves breaking down a larger system into its
details.
Holistic medicine is a prominent example of holistic thinking. A medical professional who
believes in holistic care considers the relationship between the mind, body and spirit. For example,
holistic doctors don't just provide patients with medications. Instead, they look at ways to improve life
balance and eradicate health problems from their root source, such as high stress or bad nutrition.
In philosophy, point of view describes the perception of an event or phenomenon and how
exactly it is viewed. Point of view often is shaped by an individual's beliefs or experiences. Though
partial thinking is useful, philosophy utilizes holistic thinking in making sense of problems and issues
related to the human experience.
People tend to apply an analytical perspective when looking at problems or situations. A holistic
view gives rise to a more appreciative perspective about life, as we are able to look at life in its totality.

Lesson The Value of Doing Philosophy in

1.2 Obtaining a Broad Perspective on Life
Doing philosophy can be applied in day-to-day activities and life perspectives. Because it
involves an evaluative process, doing philosophy allows a person to make better decisions and act
accordingly to situations with the help of various philosophical skills. On life perspectives, philosophy
enables reflective thinking which greatly influences a person’s view of life, challenges, and relationships.
Plato traced man’s need to philosophize to his sense of wonder. Whenever we are confronted
with an experience, we always wonder how it came about.
French philosopher Rene Descartes traced the need to philosophize to doubt. In life, we will be
faced with several ideas and arguments which present themselves as “truths”. A critical and questioning
perspective is necessary to determine if indeed these ideas or views are correct or true.
Swiss-German philosopher Karl Jaspers saw the need to philosophize because of experience.
These experiences limit situation, philosophy provides us a means to understand adverse or challenging
conditions, and to rise above them and gain new knowledge and perspective.

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 The need to philosophize is driven by the love for wisdom. To love wisdom is to have an
insatiable desire for truth. Philosophy itself is a distinct area of knowledge with its own goals, concerns,
and ways of doing things.

Lesson Doing a Philosophical Reflection on a

1.3 Situation from Holistic Perspective

Reflection is vital in ensuring that our actions and decisions are well thought out and are done
with due regard for their implications and consequences on ourselves, others, and our surroundings.
When we reflect, we can judge whether our actions or decisions are reasonable or not. Doing
Philosophy enables a person to engage in critical analysis and interpretation of concepts, definitions,
arguments, and problems.
Doing Philosophy also improves problem-solving and decision making. The ability to analyze a
problem or dilemma, identify the significant aspects, and come up with alternative solutions is an
important skill learned through philosophy.
In the process of doing philosophy, it is critical to have a holistic point of view-the perception of
looking at all aspects of a situation first before making a conclusion. Wisdom as it refers to a person’s
ability to apply knowledge to daily life particularly in making sound choices and judgment is the
intended product of philosophizing. Finally, knowledge of Philosophy can contribute to self-
development.
Examples of activities that emanated from a deliberate reflection
• Learning from your previous mistakes and not repeating them again
• Evaluating and knowing the best choice from a set of options
•Gaining a holistic point of view first before making any conclusion

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Lesson 2 Method of Philosophizing
Philosophical method (or philosophical methodology) is the study of how to do philosophy. A
common view among philosophers is that philosophy is distinguished by the ways that philosophers
follow in addressing philosophical questions. There is not just one method that philosophers use to
answer philosophical questions.
Philosophy is concerned with determining the concept of truth. Truth lies at the heart of any
inquiry.
Truth in metaphysics and the philosophy of language is the property of sentences, assertions,
beliefs, thoughts, or propositions that are said, in ordinary discourse, to agree with the facts or to state
what the case is.
A proposition is a statement about the world or reality. Knowledge is the clear awareness and
understanding of something. It is the product of questions that allow for clear answers provided by
facts. Facts are propositions or statements which are observed to be real or truthful.
Claim is a statement that is not evidently or immediately known to be true. This means that any
claim can be proven by verification and experimentation. Therefore, truthful statements can be
considered as based on facts.
In philosophy, systematic doubt is employed to help determine the truth. This means that every
statement, claim, evidence, and experience is scrutinized and analyzed.
Doubt has a very important purpose in philosophy as it drives our desire to discover the truth. In
philosophy, systematic doubt is employed to help determine the truth. A belief is true if it can be
justified or proven through the use of one’s senses. Another basis for determining truth is a belief or
statement is true if it is based on facts.

Lesson 2.1 Distinguish Opinion from Truth

Knowledge is the clear awareness and understanding of something. It is the product of

questions that allow for clear answers provided by facts. Our knowledge is consists of ideas and beliefs
that we know to be true.

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 Fact is something concrete that can be proven. You can find facts in legal records, scientific
findings, encyclopaedias, atlases, etc. In other words, facts are the truth and are accepted as such.

Opinion is less concrete. It's a view formed in the mind of a person about a particular issue. In
other words it is what someone believes or thinks, and is not necessarily the truth. It is a judgement,
viewpoint, or statement that is considered to be subjective. Also, note in the examples below how facts
are the same for everybody, but opinions can differ quite widely.

1. It takes me 30 minutes to walk from my 2. Living near the school is better because we
home to school. do not have to spend much for
transportation.
3. My sister ate the last piece of pizza pie. 4. My sister is a selfish person because she
ate the last piece of pizza pie and did not
share it with me.
5. The policeman firmly pushed the suspect 6. The aggressive manner by which the
to his knees and placed him in handcuffs. policeman arrested the suspect is an
example of the brutality that characterizes
our police force.

Statements 1, 3, and 5 are more factual than statements 2, 4, and 6. Using the philosophical
tools we learned, they fit into the category of facts since they contain ideas or information that are
easily verifiable; while statements 2, 4, and 6 could be considered as opinions. These statements go
beyond providing facts. It also provides conclusions or perspectives regarding certain situations.
Opinions are also the bases for making arguments and convincing people that a certain claim is a fact.
A conclusion is a judgement based on certain facts. The facts that form the bases of a
conclusion may not be disputed but the conclusion itself could still be contested or questioned.
Meanwhile, beliefs are statements that express convictions that are not easily and clearly explained by
facts.
Explanations are statements that assume the claim to be true and provide reasons why the
statement is true.
Arguments, meanwhile, are a series of statements that provide reasons to convince the reader
or listener that a claim or opinion is truthful. Arguments are made with the assumption that the truth of
the claim or opinion is still to be determined.

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 Lesson Methods of Philosophy Lead to
2.2 Wisdom and Truth
The methods of philosophy will help to learn the process of doing philosophy in a systematic
way. On the other hand, philosophizing is to think or express oneself in a philosophical manner.

Although philosophy is an organized body of knowledge, the subject matter of philosophy is

questions, which have three major characteristics;
1. Philosophical questions have answers but the answers remain in dispute.
2. Philosophical questions cannot be settled by science, common sense, or faith.
3. Philosophical questions are of perennial intellectual interest to human beings.
The methodology or method that philosophers use to address philosophical question is critical
thinking.
Critical Thinking is the careful, reflective, rational and systematic approach to questions of very
general interest.
Critical thinking means understanding if philosophy and refraining from merely giving claims but
through careful thought, one reasons through to argumentation.
The scientific method also leads to wisdom and truth because it uses evidencebased approach
to come up with its conclusion. In this method, all truths are supported by facts that can easily be tested
or proven again through experiments, logical reasoning, or observation.
An understanding of opinions and facts and the mean to distinguish one from the other can
further improve our understanding and appreciation of varied views and ideas.
The ability to determine truth goes hand in hand with the holistic perspective and enables us to
make wiser decisions, especially in choosing then ideas and views which we find acceptable.
A critical mind aided by philosophy can help us from our own personal point of view that can
guide us in making decisions and actions when we faced with a problem. Philosophy can help us
determine ideas that are truthful and acceptable, which we can use to form our own views regarding
certain matters.

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 Lesson Evaluate Truth from Opinions in
2.3 Different Situations Using the
Methods of Philosophizing
A method of philosophizing is a process of determining the truth or drawing conclusions from a
statement using various philosophical methods, such as: Socratic, dialectic, scientific, and historical.

When you evaluate information, it is very important to distinguish between fact and opinion.
How do we know if something is true?
Philosophers emphasize the importance of belief as a basis for determining truth. It is said that
there are instances when we have to unlearn something so that we may learn anew. Philosophers
questioned what they knew and even analyzed their methods of knowing in order to understand
themselves and the world much better.
The discussion on truth is part of philosophical studies on knowledge where philosophers
explore the nature of knowledge and the ways of knowing.

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Lesson The Human Person as an
3 Embodied Spirit
Lesson 3.1. Human body imposes limits and possibilities for
transcendence

HUMAN
.
HUMAN refers to man as species – HOMO SAPIENS or MODERN HUMAN BEINGS. The term human being
is also used to differentiate man from other animals.
PERSON is the personality of a human being so called “SELF”. Refers to a human being granted
recognition of certain rights, protection, responsibilities and dignity above all. Philosopher refers to the
human person as the totality of an individual, possessing awareness, self-determination and capacity to
interact with others and with himself/herself. Personhood refers to the state of being a person.
HUMAN NATURE defines as the nature of humans especially the fundamental characters and traits of
humans. It refers to the characteristics that distinguish humans from all other creatures. These traits
COMPOSITION OF MAN
MAN (from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) The English term “man” is derived from a Proto-Indo
European root *man - (see Sanskrit/Avestan Manu-, Slavic mǫž "man, male"). It is the general term
commonly used to refer to the entire human race. Other related terms, humanity, mankind, and
humankindare expected to arise independent of the influence of culture and society. EXAMPLES:
THINKING, FEELING AND ACTING.

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What is the human person?

Self-awareness refers to the person having a clear perception of oneself, including his thoughts,
emotions, identity and actions.
Self-determination refers to the capability of persons to make choices and decisions based on
their own preferences, monitor and regulate their actions, and be goal-oriental and self-
directed.
Consequence is the result or effect of an action or condition. Philosophers believe that a person
acts freely and with due regard for the consequences of his actions.
Externality refers to the capability of a person to reach out and interact with others and the
world.
Dignity refers to the innate right to be valued and respected. Philosophers consider all humans
as having an inherent worth or value. “You’re worthless!” is an insult since it attacks the very
notion of a person having value or worth.
Limitations of the Human Person
Human persons are naturally deficient beings. This means that we are not prepared with
the best physical aspects among all the beings
Human persons do not have the natural ability to fly.
Human persons cannot breathe underwater without the aid of breathing device.

LIMITATIONS CAN LEAD TO POSSIBILITIES

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 Transcendence is the ability to change, be dynamic, and continually redefining one’s self which
works with our facticity to create change.
How do limitations lead to transcendence?
Facticity refers to the things in our life that are already given. EXAMPLE: LIFE

http://theworldbestquotes.blogspot.com/2016/07/if-you-were-born-poor-its-not-your.html

We are free to define who we are and who we are to be.

Spatial-temporal being. As temporal beings, our most obvious limitation is our finitude
- our finite quality or state. Eg Walang forever, pero meron talaga. As spatial beings, we
are limited by our bodies to be present in two or more places at the same time. We are
limited by space (spatial) and the time (temporal). Our spatial-temporal situation sets
our preconditions of understanding.

Why do we want to be in a hurry to achieve or have something which is not yet?

NOW, FUTURE, PAST

https://www.slideshare.net/PrmSalsag/the-body-as-limitation-and-transcendence

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The Body as Intermediary
Intermediary means acting as a mediator (Merriam-Webster). Having a body may
prevent us from revealing what we really want to express.
How do we communicate with each other? WORDS
But can words really capture the things we want to express? But this limitation can also
be an advantage...
In most cases, words are not enough. EXAMPLE: Magbabago Na Ako Promise!!!

LESSON 3.2: Limitations and Possibilities for Transcendence

Transcendence originated from the words Trans, meaning “go beyond”, and
scandare, meaning “climb”.

Fulfilling a dream requires transcendence because it opens a state of thinking and

feeling that there is something more in life than just physical and material things. Much
like Abraham Maslow‟s self-actualization concepts, transcendence is a state of being
intrinsically satisfied with life regardless of physical and tangible factors.

LIMITATIONS FOR TRANSCENDENCE

 may not occur to everyone

 does not come at a specified period
 varies across all people
 may coincide with physical limitations of the body
 developing a positive outlook in life
 working towards reaching a goal
 learning from experience

POSSIBILITIES FOR TRANSCENDENCE

It is also important to know that transcendence may be applied to present worries by

living in the present. This means that life is lived from moment to moment in a carefree

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and cheerful manner where concerns for stress are reserved for the future, and regrets
or guilt feelings are kept in the past.

THE HUMAN BODY IN IMPOSING LIMITS AND POSSIBILITIES

From a biological and physical standpoint, it can be recognized that the human body,
although it can perform many functions, also has limitations. Limits in the environment,
demographics, and society may also hinder a person from reaching transcendence.

Here are some examples:

BODILY LIMITATIONS

 mental and emotional disorders (e.g. anxiety, intellectual disability)

 disabilities (e.g. amputated leg, deafness)
 disease and illnesses (e.g. hypertension, cough)
 failures and experiences (e.g. failing a subject)

SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITATIONS

 socioeconomic status
 location of neighborhood (e.g. armed, disorganized, or violent neighborhood)
 abusive relationships (e.g. emotional abuse)
 negative influences (e.g. drug use)

OVERCOMING LIMITATIONS

Bodily limits can be tested by trying on new experiences and working on challenges with
increasing levels of difficulty. The human body, if given enough exposure to any
situation, can attain a goal with efficiency.

Social and environmental limitations are more difficult to overcome than bodily
limitations because they involve the influence of other people and the external world.

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However, with a proper mind set, clearly defined goals, and motivation to rise above
challenges, one may successfully overcome his or her limitations.

RECOGNIZE AND EVALUATE OWN LIMITATIONS AND POSSIBILITIES FOR

TRANSCENDENCE

Even though you are still young, you are not prevented from further understanding
yourself. Transcendence is even more possible when you begin to understand that you
can go beyond your limitations if you set your mind on your goals.

SOME POINT TO REMEMBER WHEN GOING BEYOND YOUR LIMITS

 you are connected to the external or eternal world

 challenges are learning opportunities
 your goal is more important than your fears
 think outside the box
 recognize that everyone has fears

TIPS

The terms “transcendent” and transcendental” should not be used interchangeably.

According to Immanuel Kant, “transcendent” is a term used to refer to God, while
“transcendental” refers to all other matter.

While transcendence may not occur for everyone, all people have the capacity to
experience it regardless of any sociodemographic, biological, or personal factors.

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Lesson The Human Person in their
Environment
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John Donne: “No man is an island, entire of itself; every man is a piece of the
continent, a part of the main.”

This means that as human person, it is our responsibility to treat a person with
respect not only our fellow humans but also everything in this world. Humankind is a
part of the world, and we significantly affect our environment in the same manner of
what changes in our environment affect us.

Environmental philosophy is the discipline that studies the moral relationships

of human beings with the environment and its non-human contents. Philosophers
believe that the human person has the ability to change the environment to suit his
purposes. It will enable them to become aware of their relationship and its related
issues in our society and their impact on the lives of human persons.

What is the world made of?” “How did the world come into being?” and “How can
we explain the process of change?” were philosophical questions already brought up
approximately 600 B.C.E. (before the common era) in the Western lonian seaport town
of Miletus across the Aegean Sea from Athens, Greece.
The speculation of the pre-Socratic philosophers represents a paradigm shift- a
change from mythical explanation of the origins of the cosmos to a more rational
explanation.

There are two frameworks where humans can be related.

1. Anthropocentric Model - humans are superior and central to the universe, thus,
it is human centered.
2. Ecocentric Model -, the ecological or relational integrity of the humans provides
meaning of our morals and values and it is nature centered. Devoted to

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 preserving the totality of Earth‟s biodiversity and the functioning of its life
supporting system.

A. Ancient Thinkers

1. Anaximander a pre-Socratic philosopher and scientist said about the

creation-Destruction. According to him, the sketch of the genesis of the
world (cosmology), the evolution of the world begins with the
generation of opposites in certain region Nature. Nature is
indeterminate-boundless in the sense that no boundaries between the
warm and or the moist and dry regions are originally present within.
2. Pythagoras said that „universe is a living embodiment of nature‟s
order, harmony and beauty.‟ He sees our relationship with the
universe involving biophilia (love of other living things) and
cosmophilia (love of other living beings).

B. Modern Thinkers

1. Immanuel Kant, „beauty is ultimately a symbol of morality (goodness).

He believes that the orderliness of nature and the harmony of nature
with our faculties guide us toward a deeper religious perspective.‟

2. Herbert Marcuse said about the power of humans over nature.

3. George Herbert Mead tackled about our duties and responsibilities.

Theories to show care for the environment:

1. Deep Ecology – is an ecological philosophy developed by Norwegian

philosopher Arne Naess in the early 1970‟s asserting that all life forms have an
equal right to exist, and human needs and desires have no priority over those of

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 other organisms. Believes that the living environment should be respected and
regarded as having rights to flourish, independent of its utility to humans.
2. Social Ecology – is a critical social theory founder by American anarchist and
libertarian socialist author Murray Bookchin. Conceptualized as a critique of
current social, political, and anti-ecological trends, it espouses a reconstructive,
ecological, communitarian, and ethical approach to society.
3. Ecofeminism – also called ecological feminism, branch of feminism that
examines the connections between women and nature. Its name was coined by
French feminist Francoise d’Eaubonne in 1974.

A philosophical idea that combines feminism and ecology concerns,

emphasizing that both suffer from their treatment by a male dominated society.

Comes from the idea that women and nature have significant connection,
since women most often have a close association with nature in many societies
due to the nature of the traditional roles.

The virtues of Prudence and Frugality towards Environment

Prudence is defined as the ability to have good judgment that allows avoidance
of dangers and risks. Meanwhile, frugality is the act of using money or other resources
wisely and practically.

Prudence Frugality
covers good judgment, considering the The quality of being thrifty, sparing or
consequences of an action, using common economical in the consumption of
sense and discretion, exercising caution, and resources and avoiding waste,
conforming to reason and decency lavishness, or extravagance

Arising from the discussions, Fromm (2013) suggested a new society that should
inspire the development of a new human being that will nurture prudence and fairness
or frugality towards environment. These are some of the functions of Fromm‟s
envisioned society:

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 1. The enthusiasm to offer up all forms of having, in order to fully be.

2. Being fully present where one is.

3. Trying to lessen greed, hate and illusions as much as one is adept.

4. Making the full growth of oneself and of one‟s fellow beings the utmost goal of
living.

5. Not deceiving others, but also not being deceived by others, one may be
called acquitted, but not naïve.

6. Freedom that is not uncertainty but the possibility to be oneself, not as a

bundle of greedy desires, but as a carefully balanced structure that at any moment is
threatened with the alternatives of growth or decay, life or death

7. Happiness in the manner of ever-growing aliveness, whatever the extreme

point is the destiny permits one to reach, for living as full as one can be so agreeable
that the concern for what one might not attain has little chance to develop.

8. Joy that comes from giving and sharing, not from hoarding and manipulating.

9. Developing one‟s capacity for love, together with one‟s capacity for critical,
unsentimental thought.
10. Shedding one‟s narcissism and accepting that catastrophic boundaries inherent
in human survival.

The ideals of this humanity cross all party lines, for protecting nature needs
focused conservation, action, politically aware and support from business. If all these
segments agree on the same goals, the chance of transformation would seem to be
significantly greater, especially since most citizens have become less and less
interested in part allegiance and slogans.

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 QUARTER 3 INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY AND THE
HUMAN PERSON
ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 1

Name:___________________________________ Grade and Section:____________

WRITTEN WORK NO. 1

MULTIPLE CHOICE:

Read the test items carefully and encircle the letter of your choice that best answers the
statement.

1. It is the study or discipline that uses human reason to investigate the ultimate causes,
reasons, and principles which govern all things.

a. Philosophy c. Economics

b. Psychology

2. It is the branch of Philosophy dealing with correct judgement.

a. Metaphysics c. Ethics

b. Aesthetics

3. It is method of philosophical inquiry used by philosophers and is based on the

premise that reality is made u of events as perceived and understood in the human
consciousness of the which is independent of the human conscious.

a. Phenomenology c. Metaphysics

b. Aesthetics

4. It is the conscious acceptance of a claim on the basis of a subjective ground but

without any objective ground.

a. Opinion c. Truth

b. Belief

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5. This is a series of statements that provide reasons to convince a person that a claim
or opinion is truthful.

a. Opinion c. Arguments

b. Conclusion

6. These are arguments based on faulty reasoning.

a. Arguments c. Fallacies

b. Conclusion

7. This refers to the totality of an individual who possesses awareness, self-

determination, and the capacity to interact with others.

a. Human c. Person

b. Self

8. This refers to an individual who is actively aware that he or she is perceiving and
experiencing reality.

a. Human c. Person

b. Self

9. This term refers to man as a species and distinguishes man from other animals.

a. Human c. Person

b. Self

10. This is the branch of philosophy that is concerned with the natural environment and
humanity‟s place in it.

a. Environmentalism c. Environmental Philosophy

b. Environmental Aesthetics

11. This view believes that all organisms have inherent worth and should be valued and
protected.

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 a. Biocentrism c. Ecocentrism

b. Anthropocentrism

12. This view considers man the most important species on the planet.

a. Biocentrism c. Ecocentrism

b. Anthropocentrism

13. This view places great value on ecosystems and biological communities.

a. Biocentrism c. Ecocentrism

b. Anthropocentrism

14. The state of being or existence above and beyond the limits of material experience?

a. Transition c. Transcendence

b. Transformation

15. Why do some people fail to experience transcendence?

a. They have a feeling that it will not occur.

b. They are not meant to experience it.
c. They have a goal that is too challenging for them to achieve.

PERFORMANCE TASK NO. 1

Based on what you know about opinion and truth, write a 200-word reflection on the
Leonardo da Vince quote, “The greatest deception man suffer is from their own
opinion.”

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SUBJECT PARENT/
TEACHER’S
GUARDIAN’S
NAME AND RODEN R. AVILA NAME AND
CONTACT NO. SIGNATURE
09977263011
DATE RECEIVED BY:
SUBMITTED:

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 INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY AND THE
HUMAN PERSON
QUARTER 3

ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 2

Name:___________________________________ Grade and Section:____________

WRITTEN WORK NO. 2 Fill Me In

Directions: Write down the correct answer on the space provided. No erasures. Spell
the word correctly.

_____________________1. He is the father of phenomenology.

_____________________2. It is the Greek word for appearance.

_____________________3. It describes what influences, informs, or biases the

person‟s judgement about truth and reality.

_____________________4. The “two poles” used by Husseri to describe

Phenomenology.

_____________________5.

_____________________6. It is state of true quality free from biases,

interpretations, feelings, or imaginings.

_____________________7. It sees realities as objects or things that reflect an

“everyday” or “ordinary” way of being-in-the-world.

_____________________8. It is the Greek word for “image,” “form,” or “shape.”

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_____________________9. It is the method of setting aside personal judgement
such as biases, beliefs, opinions, or one‟s habitual
way of thinking about the natural world.

_____________________10. Observes things and describes the workings first

singular judgement, then in universal judgements and,
by way of induction and deduction process, reaches
concrete conclusion.

PERFORMANCE TASK NO. 2 Making it Count

Can you distinguish truth from an opinion? Write a one – paragraph essay on how you

personally distinguish truth from an opinion.

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

SUBJECT PARENT/
TEACHER’S
GUARDIAN’S
NAME AND RODEN R. AVILA NAME AND
CONTACT NO. SIGNATURE
09977263011
DATE RECEIVED BY:
SUBMITTED:

26
 QUARTER 3 INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY AND THE
HUMAN PERSON
ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 3

Name:___________________________________ Grade and Section:____________

WRITTEN WORK NO. 3 Essay

Directions: Answer the following questions. You may use extra sheets if needed.

1. What are your limitations as a person? What are the things that you consider as
difficult or hard for you to accomplish or believe in?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

2. What are your strengths? What are the possible things or status that you can
reach or achieve in the future?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

3. What are the factors affecting your limitations? How about possibilities?

4. Do you see yourself improving in 5 – 10 years‟ time? How can you say that you
are improving?

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 ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

5. How can you go beyond your current limitations?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

PERFORMANCE TASK NO. 3

Research at least two famous personalities who have limitations but were very
successful in life. Attached a picture, describe his limitations and how he go beyond his
limitations. Write your output in a separate paper.

SUBJECT PARENT/
TEACHER’S
GUARDIAN’S
NAME AND RODEN R. AVILA NAME AND
CONTACT NO. SIGNATURE
09977263011
DATE RECEIVED BY:
SUBMITTED:

28
 QUARTER 3 INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY AND THE
HUMAN PERSON

ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 4

Name:___________________________________ Grade and Section:____________

WRITTEN WORK NO. 4 Multiple Choice

Directions: Answer the following questions by encircling the letter of your choice.

1. Which of the given statements is true about frugality?

1. It is only limited to tangible or solid materials
2. It applies to a select few.
a. Statement 1
b. Both statement 1 and 2
c. Statement 2
d. Neither statement 1 nor 2
2. Which of the given statements is true?
1. Prudence and frugality can only be applied in one environment.
2. Looking at aesthetics is a way of determining disorder.
a. both statements 1 and 2
b. neither statement 1 nor 2
c. statement 1
d. statement 2

3. Lila wants to buy an expensive phone using the money she has been saving since
last year. She asked for her friends‟ opinions in making her decision.
Which among her friends is frugal?
a. Jen suggested that she should spend the money for travel abroad.
b. Marco advised her to spend the money on the expensive phone.
c. Aiza said that the she should go on a shopping spree using the money.
d. Jack suggested that she should keep the money for future, more important

4. In which of the following scenarios is prudence demonstrated?

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 a. Ordering food that you can consume
b. Searching assignment answers over the internet
c. Keeping the lights on all day
d. Being friendly to neighbors

5. In what way can the environment contribute to health and well-being?

a. It can be available anywhere.

b. It is the source of life.
c. It an produce products that provide medicinal value.
d. It is made up of consumers and producers.

6. Which among the following options is a disorder in the environment?

a. A basket of unwashed dirty clothes

b. A house with no single plant
c. A garden with dying plants
d. A library with little amount of books

7. What may be a sign of an environmental disorder?

a. Lack of material things

b. Lack of resources
c. Lack of friends
d. Lack of space

8. What is the act of using or other resources wisely and practically?

a. Aesthetics
b. Prudence
c. Frugality
d. Economics

9. What is the act of using or other resources wisely and practically?

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 a. Aesthetics c. Frugality
b. Economics d. Prudence

10. What is the ability to govern and discipline oneself by the use of reason?

a. Transcendence c. Aesthetics
b. Prudence d. Frugality

PERFORMANCE TASK NO. 4

Write a poem (at least 4 stanzas) describing the difference of the environment before
and today and the importance of taking care the environment. Take a video of yourself
while reciting or singing the poem.

Rubrics for poem composition and video

Originality 50
Content 25
Delivery/Presentation 25

SUBJECT PARENT/
TEACHER’S
NAME AND RODEN R. AVILA GUARDIAN’
CONTACT S NAME
NO. 09977263011 AND
SIGNATURE
DATE RECEIVED
SUBMITTED: BY:

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