5201 - 21 AIS 008 Rashed Assignment - 095526
5201 - 21 AIS 008 Rashed Assignment - 095526
5201 - 21 AIS 008 Rashed Assignment - 095526
Prepared For
Sujan Chandra Paul
Associate Professor
Department of Accounting and Information Systems,
University of Barishal
Prepared By:
Md Rashed Mahfuz
Id: 21 AIS 008
Session: 2020-2021
MBA 2nd Semester
Department of Accounting and Information Systems
University of Barishal
Date of submission:
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Chapter 10
Group accounts: basic principles
CRAWFORD LTD PART
The balance sheets and income statements for Crawford Ltd and Dietrich Ltd are given below.
Balance sheets as at 30 June 20X0
Crawford Ltd Dietrich Ltd
CU CU
ASSETS
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment 52,000 33,000
Investments (2,125 CU1 shares in Dietrich Ltd at 2,125 –
cost)
32,125 13,000
Current assets 25,000 12,000
Total assets 79,125 45,000
Crawford Ltd acquired its shares in Dietrich five years ago when Dietrich's earnings were nil. At
the start of the current year retained earnings were CU2, 000 and CU4, 000 respectively.
Requirements
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(b) Briefly explain the following words/phrases.
(i) Single entity
(ii) Control
(iii) Equity
(c) Prepare, for Crawford Ltd, the consolidated income statement and the statement of changes in
equity (in so far as it relates to retained earnings and the minority interest) for the year ended 30
June 20X0 and the consolidated balance sheet at that date.
Solution
CRAWFORD LTD
Therefore, the parent, or controlling company, should provide information about the economic
activities of the group by preparing consolidated accounts. These will show the economic
resources controlled by the group, the obligations of the group and the results achieved with
those resources.
The overall aim is to present the results and state of affairs of the group as if they were those of a
single entity.
(b) Terms
(ii) Control
Control is defined as:
i. Power
ii. Exposure or rights to variable returns from involvement with the investee
iii. Ability to use the power to affect the level of variable returns
In an individual company the assets are under the direct control of that company. However,
where a company becomes a subsidiary, the assets are under indirect control of the parent via its
control of the subsidiary.
Control can be achieved in a number of ways, the most obvious being a holding of over 50% of
the ordinary, i.e. vote-carrying, shares.
(iii) Equity
Equity is defined in IFRS Framework (Elements) as the residual amount found by deducting all
of the entity's liabilities from its assets. In an individual company those net assets are owned by
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one ownership interest – the company's shareholders. However, in consolidated accounts the
consolidated net assets will include 100% of the subsidiary even though some of those net assets
are not owned by the group. Therefore, the equity interest is split between
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Consolidated statement of changes in equity for the year ended 30 June 20X0 (extract)
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Chapter 11
Consolidated statement of financial position
CLOSE LTD
The summarized balance sheets of Close Ltd and Steele Ltd as at 31 December 20X9 were as
follows.
Close Ltd Steele Ltd
CU CU CU CU
ASSETS
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment 80,000 58,200
Investments 73,500 –
153,500 58,200
Current assets
Inventories 18,000 12,000
Trade and other receivables 62,700 21,100
Investments – 2,500
Cash and cash equivalents 50,000 3,000
Current account – Close Ltd – 6,200
130,700 44,800
Total assets 284,200 103,000
EQUITY AND LIABILITIES
Equity
Ordinary share capital (CU1 shares) 120,000 60,000
Share premium account 18,000 –
Revaluation reserve 23,000 16,000
Retained earnings 56,000 13,000
Total Equity 217,000 89,000
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables 63,000 14,000
Current account – Steel Ltd 4,200 –
67,200 14,000
Total equity and liabilities 284,200 103,000
Requirements
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(a) Prepare the consolidated balance sheet of Close Ltd and its subsidiary Steele Ltd as at 31
December 20X9.
(b) Explain the adjustments necessary in respect of intra-group sales when preparing the
consolidated balance sheet of the Close Ltd group.
CLOSE LTD
(a) Consolidated balance sheet as at 31 December 20X9
CU CU
ASSETS
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment (80,000 + 58,200)) 138,200
Intangibles (W3) 12,500
150,700
Current assets
Inventories (18,000 + 12,000 – 1,550) 28,450
Trade and other receivables (62,700 + 21,100) 83,800
Investments 2,500
Cash and cash equivalents (50,000 + 3,000 + 2,000) 55,000
169,750
Total assets 320,450
EQUITY AND LIABILITIES
Equity attributable to owners of the parent
Ordinary share capital 120,000
Share premium account 18,000
Revaluation reserve 23,000
Retained earnings (W5) 56,215
Non-controlling interest (W4) 26,235
Total Equity 243,450
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables (63,000 + 14,000)) 77,000
Total equity and liabilities 320,450
WORKINGS
(1) Group structure
Close Ltd
70%
Steele Ltd
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(2) Net assets of Steele Ltd
Year-end Acquisition Post
Date acquisition
CU CU CU CU
Share capital 60,000 60,000 –
Revaluation reserve 16,000 16,000 –
Retained earnings
Per question 13,000
Less: PURP (7,750 × 25/125) (1,550)
11,450 8,000 3,450
87,450 84,000
(3) Goodwill
CU
Consideration transferred 73,500
Non-controlling interest at acquisition (30% × 84,000 (W2)) 25,200
98,700
Less: Net asset at acquisition (W2) (84,000)
14,700
Impairment to date (500 + 1,700) (2,200)
Balance c/f 12,500
(b) Adjustments
When group companies have been trading with each other two separate adjustments may be
required in the consolidated statement of financial position.
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Here Steele Ltd has sold goods to Close Ltd at cost plus 25%. The mark-up of 25%
will only become realised when the goods are sold to a third party. Therefore if any
intra-group inventory is still held at the year end, it must be eliminated from the
consolidated accounts.
This will require an adjustment of CU 1,550 (7,750 x 25/125) which is always made
against the selling company’s retained earnings, i.e.
DR CR
CU CU
Steele Ltd’s retained earnings (W2) 1,550
Consolidated inventory 1,550
As well as eliminating the unrealised profit, this reduces inventory back to its original
Cost to the group.
As group companies are effectively treated as one entity, any intra-group balances
must be eliminated on consolidation. Here, intra-group current accounts have arisen
as a result of the intra-group trading and these must be cancelled out. Before this can
be done the current accounts must be brought into agreement by adjusting the
accounts of the 'receiving' company (here Steele Ltd) for the cheque in-transit, i.e.
DR CR
CU CU
Cash 2,000
Current account 2,000
This will reduce the current account receivable to CU2, 700, which means that it now
agrees with the payable balance shown in the accounts of Close Ltd. The balance can
then be cancelled out, i.e.
DR CR
CU CU
Current account in Close Ltd 4,200
Current account in Steele Ltd 4,200
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Chapter 12
Consolidated statements of financial performance
ETHOS LTD
The following draft income statements and statements of changes in equity were prepared for the
year ended 31 March 20X9.
Statements of profit or loss Ethos Ltd Pathos Ltd
CU CU
Revenue 303,000 215,000
Cost of sales (143,800) (102,200)
Gross profit 159,200 112,800
Operating costs (71,200) (51,300)
Profit from operations 88,000 61,500
Investment income 2,800 1,200
Profit before tax 90,800 62,700
Income tax expense (46,200) (32,600)
Profit after tax 44,600 30,100
On 30 November 20X8 Ethos Ltd acquired 75% of the issued ordinary capital of Pathos Ltd for
CU 130,000. Pathos Ltd has in issue 100,000 CU1 ordinary shares. Ethos Ltd has 500,000 CU1
ordinary shares in issue.
Ethos Ltd measures non-controlling interest at fair value. The fair value of the non- controlling
interest in Pathos Ltd at the date of acquisition was CU 40000.
Requirements
(a) Prepare the consolidated statement of profit or loss and consolidated statement of changes in
equity for the year ended 31 March 20X9.
(b) Explain why only four months of Pathos Ltd’s profit or loss should be included in the
consolidated statement of profit or loss.
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Solution: ETHOS LTD
(a) Consolidated income statement for the year ended 31 March 20X9
CU
Revenue (W2) 374,667
Cost of sales (W2) (177,867)
Gross profit 196,800
Operating costs (W2) (88,300)
Profit from operations 108,500
Investment income (W2) 3,200
Profit before tax 111,700
Income tax expense (W2) (57,067)
Profit after tax 54,633
Attributable to
Owners of Ethos Ltd 52,125
Minority interest (W3) 2,508
54,633
Consolidated statement of changes in equity for the year ended 31 March 20X9
Attributable to equity holders of Ethos Ltd
Ordinary Non-
share General Retained controlling
capital reserve earnings Total interest Total
CU CU CU CU CU CU
Balance brought
forward 500,000 – 79,300 579,300 – 579,300
Total
Comprehensive
Income for
the year – – 52,125 52,125 2,508 54,633
Transfer between
reserves (W4) – 16,250 (16,250) – – –
Added on
acquisition of
subsidiary – – – – 40,000 40,000
Dividend
on ordinary
shares – – (30,000) (30,000) – (30,000)
Balance carried
forward 500,000 16,250 85,175 601,425 42,508 643,933
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Ethos Ltd acquired 75% of the issued ordinary capital of Pathos Ltd on 30 November 20X8. This
is the date on which control passed and hence the date from which the results of Pathos Ltd
should be reflected in the consolidated income statement.
Therefore only profits earned by Pathos Ltd in the four months since that date are post-
acquisition profits.
The remaining previous eight months profit from 1 April 20X8 to 30 November 20X8 are all
pre-acquisition profits and will be included in the calculation of goodwill on consolidation.
WORKINGS
(1) Group structure
Ethos Ltd
Pathos Ltd
(2) Consolidation schedule 4/12
Ethos Ltd Pathos Lt Adj Consol
CU CU CU CU
Revenue 303,000 71,667 – 374,667
C of S (143,800) (34,067) – (177,867)
Op costs (71,200) ( (17,100) (88,300)
Inv income 2,800 400 3,200
Income tax (46,200) (10,867) (57,067)
PAT 10,033
1. The NCI in Pathos Ltd’s reserve transfer does not appear because the two entries are
cancelled out in the single NCI column
2. Alternative calculation for PAT of Pathos Ltd (W2)
CU
PAT per question 30,100 × 4/12 10,033
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Chapter 13
Associates and joint ventures
MINNIE LTD
Minnie Ltd has a number of wholly-owned subsidiaries and a 50% interest in Mouse Ltd, an
entity set up and controlled jointly with a third party.
The statements of financial position of the entities as at 31 December 20x5 are as follows:
916 520
Their respective statements of profit or loss for the year ended 31 December 20x5 are as follows:
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During December 20x5 Minnie Ltd transferred to mouse Ltd for CU 60,000. Minnie Ltd sells
goods at a mark-up of 25%. Mouse Ltd had not paid Minnie Ltd’s invoice or sold any of the
goods to third parties by the year end.
No dividends from Mouse Ltd are outstanding in Minnie Ltd’s books.
Requirement
Prepare a consolidated statement of financial position and statement of profit or loss for Minnie
Ltd and Its joint Venture as at 31 December 20x5 using equity accounting.
Solution
Consolidated statement of financial position as at 31 December 20x5:
CU’ 000
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment 506
Investment in joint venture (W4) 88
594
Current assets
Inventories 200
Others 200
Total assets 994
Consolidated statement of profit or loss for the year ended 31 December 20x5:
CU’ 000
Revenue 590
Cost of sales and expenses (280+ (W3)12) (292)
Share of profit of joint venture (180* 50%) 90
Profit before tax 388
Income tax expense (100)
Profit for the year 288
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(1) Group structure
Minnie
50%
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Chapter 14 Group accounts: disposal
ARBITRARY LTD
Arbitrary Ltd holds 80% of the ordinary shares of Contrary Ltd which it purchased five years
ago, on 1 July 20X0, for CU 175,000. On 1 July 20X5 Arbitrary Ltd sold all of these shares and
used the proceeds (CU210, 000) to purchase 65% of the ordinary shares of Enthusiast Ltd on the
same date. Share capital of Contrary Ltd and Enthusiast Ltd has remained constant for many
years at CU100, 000 and CU200, 000 respectively. Net assets of Contrary Ltd and Enthusiast Ltd
were as follows.
Income statements and statements of changes in equity for all three companies for the year ended
31 December 20X5 were as follows.
No entries have been made in Arbitrary Ltd's income statement relating to the sale of Contrary
Ltd.
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Contrarty Ltd’s dividends were paid prior to disposal
In an earlier accounting period an impairment loss of CU 12,700 was recognized in relation to
the goodwill arising on the acquisition of Contrary Ltd.
Requirements
(a) Prepare the consolidated income statement and the retained earnings and minority interest
columns for the statement of changes in equity for Arbitrary Ltd for the year ended 31
December 20X5 in so far as the information is available.
Note. You should assume that the disposal of Contrary Ltd constitutes a discontinued
operation in accordance with BFRS 5 Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued
operations.
(b) Calculate the profit on disposal that would be shown in the individual accounts of
Arbitrary Ltd and explain how and why this differs from group profit on disposal.
(c) Briefly discuss the concepts of control and ownership in the context of this disposal.
Solution
ARBITRARY LTD
(a) Consolidated income statement for the year ended 31 December 20X5
CU
Continuing operations
Revenue (W2) 2,320,000
Cost of sales (W2) (1,410,150)
Gross profit 909,850
Distribution costs (W2) (306,600)
Administrative expenses (W2) (246,150)
Profit before tax 357,100
Income tax expense (W2) (123,750)
Profit for the period from continuing operations 233,350
Discontinued operations
Profit for the period from discontinued operations (9,500 + 64,100) (W3 + W4) 73,600
Profit for the period 306,950
Attributable to
Equity holders of Arbitrary Ltd (B) 296,072.5
Non-controlling interest (W5) 10,877.5
306,950
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Consolidated statement of changes in equity for the year ended 31 December 20X5
(extracts)
Attributable
To owners
Of Arbitrary
Ltd Non-
Retained controlling
Earnings interest
CU CU
Balance brought forward (W6) + (W7) 634,600.0 32,000.0
Total comprehensive income for the year 296,072.5 10,877.5
Added on acquisition of subsidiary (W8) – 103,477.5
Eliminated on disposal of subsidiary (W4) – (31,900.0)
Dividend paid on ordinary shares (20%*10,000) (50,000.0) 2,000.0
Balance carried forward 880,672.5 112,455.0
The different calculations of profit on disposal reflect the different way in which the subsidiary
(Contrary Ltd) is accounted for in the individual and consolidated accounts.
In the individual balance sheet of Arbitrary Ltd Contrary Ltd is carried at cost of CU 175,000.
The profit on disposal is therefore the sale proceeds less this cost. In the consolidated financial
statements the cost of Contrary Ltd is replaced with its underlying net assets and with goodwill
acquired in the business combination. The profit on disposal is therefore based on sale proceeds
less the percentage of net assets being sold (here 80%) less the unimpaired goodwill which is
being sold in full (as it only ever related to the 80% share of net assets acquired).
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After 1 July 20X5 Arbitrary Ltd no longer controls Contrary Ltd. Its results should be excluded
from the consolidated income statement for the last six months of the year and also from the
consolidated balance sheet. This treatment reflects the fact that once Contrary Ltd has been sold
its resources are no longer under group control.
Ownership
For the first six months of the year 100% of Contrary Ltd's profits are included in the
consolidated income statement. However, 20% of its profits are owned by the minority interest
and this has to be deducted in arriving at the group's share of profit (CU 20,600 x 6/12 x 20%).
When the disposal occurs the group is selling its ownership interest in the net assets and its
goodwill. Therefore the group profit on disposal is calculated from the point of view of
ownership.
WORKINGS
(1) Group structure
Arbitrary Ltd
80% 65%
(acq 1 July 20X5 (acq 1 july 20X5
6/12 in) 6/12 in)
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(4) Profit on disposal of Contrary Ltd operations
CU CU
Sale proceeds 210,000
Less: Carrying amount of goodwill at date of disposal:
Consideration transferred on acquisition 175,000
NCI at acquisition (20% * 180,000) 36,000
Less: Net assets at acquisition 180,000
Goodwill at acquisition 31,000
Less: Impairment to date (12,700)
(18,300)
Less: Carrying amount of net assets at disposal:
Net assets at 1 January 20X5 160,000
Profit to 1 July 20X5 (W3) 9,500
Dividends paid (10,000)
(159,500)
Add back: NCI in net assets (159,500*20%) 31,900
Profit on disposal 64,100
(5) Non-controlling interest in year
CU
Contrary Ltd (20% x 9,500 (W3)) 1,900.0
Enthusiast Ltd (35% x 25,650 (W2)) 8,977.5
10,877.5
(6) Retained earnings b/f
CU
Arbitrary Ltd 671,300
Contrary Ltd (80% x (50,000 – (180,000 – 100,000)) (24,000)
Goodwill impairment to 31 December 20X4 (12,700)
634,600
(7) Non-controlling interest b/f
CU
Contrary Ltd (160,000 *20%) 32,000
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