Ray Optics DPP

Introduction to light DPP-01
1. Find the angle of reflection.

(1) 60°
(2) 30°
(3) 90°
(4) 45°
2. A plane mirror makes an angle of 30° with the horizontal. If a vertical ray strikes the mirror,
find the angle between the mirror and the reflected ray?
(1) 40°
(2) 45°
(3) 80°
(4) 60°
3. A ray of light making an angle 𝟏𝟎° with the horizontal is

incident on a plane mirror making an angle 𝛉 with the
horizontal. What should be the value of 𝛉 so that reflected
ray goes vertically upwards.
(1) 50°
(2) 30°
(3) 40°
(4) 60°
4. A light ray is incident normally on a plane mirror. What will be the angle of reflection?
(1) 0°
(2) 90°
(3) Will not be reflected
(4) None of the above
5. A convergent beam of light is incident on a plane mirror as

shown in figure. Find the nature of the object.
(1) Real
(2) Virtual
(3) Both Real & virtual
(4) None of these
6. A convergent beam of light is incident on a plane mirror as shown in figure. What is the
nature of image formed after reflection?
(1) Real
(2) Virtual
(4) None of these
7. What will be the nature of image in the given figure?

(O represent object and I represent its image)
(1) Real
(2) Virtual I O
(4) None of these
8. Find the nature of image in the given figure.
(1) Real O
(2) Virtual
(4) None of these
9. Find the nature of an object and image in the given figure.
(1) Real object, virtual image

(2) Real object, Real image
(3) Virtual object, virtual image
(4) Virtual object, Real image
10. Find the nature of object and image in the given

figure.
(1) Real object, virtual image

(2) Real object, Real image
(3) Virtual object, virtual image
(4) Virtual object, Real image
11. Which of the following image can be obtained on screen.
(1) Real
(2) Virtual
(4) None of these
12. Can a virtual image be photographed by a camera. (Yes/No)

Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Answer 1 4 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 2 1 Yes
SOLUTIONS
1. (1)
i = 90° – 30° = 60°

r = i = 60°
2. (4)
Line ABC make 180°

θ + 90 – θ + 90 − θ + 60 = 180 ⇒ θ = 60°
(From figure) angle between mirror and reflected ray is equal to 60°
3. (1)
As Reflected ray goes vertical

θ + θ −10 = 90
⇒ θ = 50°
4. (1)
∠i = ∠r = 0°
5. (2)
6. (1)
Image
7. (1)
Reflected ray is converging.
8. (2)
Reflected ray is diverging
9. (3)
Incident ray is converging while reflected ray is diverging.
10. (2)
Incident ray is diverging while reflected of ray is converging.
11. (1)
Only Real image can be formed on the screen.
12. (Yes)
A camera is capable of capturing both real and virtual image for example if you take a picture of
your image in plane mirror then it is the same case of virtual image capturing by camera.
Reflection from Plane Surface (Plane Mirror) DPP-02
1. Find the distance of image from mirror.
(1) 10 cm
(2) 15 cm
(3) 30 cm
(4) 5 cm
2. Figure shows the plane (top view) of a cubical room, with the wall CD as a plane mirror; each
side of the room is 3 metres in length. A camera P is placed at the mid-point of the wall AB.
At what distance should the camera be focused to photograph the image of an object placed
at A?
O
(1) 7 m
(2) 6 m
(3) 6.18 m
(4) 3 m
3. An object is at a distance of 0.5 m in front of a plane mirror. Distance between the object and
image is
(1) 0.5 m
(2) 1 m
(3) 0.25 m
(4) 1.5 m
4. A small object is placed 10 cm in front of a plane mirror. If you stand behind the object 30 cm
from the mirror and look at its image, the distance focused by your eye to view the image is
(1) 60 cm
(2) 20 cm
(3) 40 cm
(4) 80 cm
5. The correct mirror–image of the figure given is: -
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
6. Find the coordinates of image
(1) (−5, −4)

(2) (4, 5)
(3) (−4, 5)
(4) (−4, −5)
7. If a wall clock is placed in front of a plane mirror and showing a time 𝟒 ∶ 𝟑𝟎 ∶ 𝟑𝟎 sec. then
what will be the time its image is showing.
(1) 7 ∶ 29 ∶ 30 sec
(2) 6 ∶ 29 ∶ 30 sec
(3) 7 ∶ 30 ∶ 30 sec
(4) 8 ∶ 29 ∶ 30 sec
8. Find the coordinates of image
(1) (4, 5)
(2) (−4, −5)
(3) (−4, 5)
(4) (5, −4)
9. Find the co-ordinate of image.
(1) (−3, 0)
(2) (−4, 0)
(3) (4, 0)
(4) (3, 0)
10. Find out the co-ordinate of image when the position of an object is as shown in figure.
10 cm 60
(1) (5√3, 5)
(2) (5,5√3)
(3) (5√3, −5)
(4) (−5√3, 5)
Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Answer 2 3 2 3 3 2 1 2 4 3
SOLUTIONS
1. (2)
2. (3)
1.5 m
P
O O
A B
3m x
D C
3m
Distance of image from camera x = √(6)2 + (1.5)2 = 6.18 m
3. (2)
Distance between object and image = 0.5 + 0.5 = 1m
4. (3)
See following ray diagram
The distance focused by eye = 30 + 10 = 40 cm
5. (3)
Laterally inverted image will be formed.
6. (2)
Component which is perpendicular to the mirror will change &

component which is parallel to the mirror remain same.
7. (1)
Object time = 4: 30: 30 sec
Image time = (11: 59: 60) – (4: 30: 30)
= 7: 29: 30 sec.
8. (2)
9. (4)
(0, 3) object
45
45 Image
(3, 0)
10. (3) object

Co-ordinate of image
= (10cos30°, – 10sin30°) 10 cm
= (5√3, −5) 60
30
30
Image
Angle of Deviation & Rotation of Plane Mirror DPP-03
1. Two plane mirrors are kept at an angle 𝛂. A light ray striking the two mirrors successively
suffers a deviation of 𝟓𝛑/𝟔. The value of 𝛂 is:-
π
(1) 9
7π
(2)
12
3π
(3) 5
9π
(4) 11
2. A ray is incident on plane mirror is shown in figure. What will be deviation after reflection
from mirror?
(1) 90°
(2) 150°
(3) 120°
(4) 60°
3. A ray is incident on plane mirror is shown in figure. What will be deviation after reflection
from mirror?
(1) 80°
(2) 120°
(3) 100°
(4) 130°
4. A ray is incident on plane mirror, deviate 𝟔𝟎° after reflection from mirror. Find out the angle
of incidence.
(1) 0°
(2) 90°
(3) 60°
(4) 45°
5. A ray is incident on a plane mirror, if incident ray and reflected ray are perpendicular to each
other, then find out the angle of deviation.
(1) 60°
(2) 45°
(3) 90°
(4) 30°
6. A plane mirror is placed horizontally on level ground at a distance of 𝟔𝟎 m from the foot of a
tower. Light rays from the top of tower falling just on the edge of the mirror suffers a
deviation of 90°. The height of the tower is:
(1) 30 m
(2) 60 m
(3) 90 m
(4) 120 m
7. Two plane mirrors are placed perpendicular to each other light ray incident on 𝟏st mirror at
angle of 𝟐𝟎° form the surface. Find out net deviation after two reflections.
(1) 160°
(2) 180°
(3) 220°
(4) 320°
8. Two plane mirror inclined each other at are angle 30°. A ray of light is incident at an angle 60°
on the middle of one of the mirrors. Find out total deviation after two reflection.
(1) 300°
(2) 330°
(3) 130°
(4) 240°
9. Find out total deviation of incident light ray?

(1) 180°
(2) 320°
(3) 160°
(4) 220°
10. The angle between two mirrors is 60º and kept fixed. A ray is incident on one mirror at an
angle i as shown in figure. The angle i is slowly increased from 0º to 90º. The net deviation
suffered by the ray after two reflections is D. Which of the following plots for magnitude of
‘D’ vs ‘i’ is correct?
i

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4) None of these
11.
In above figure by how much should be mirror rotated so that light retraces its path.
(1) 20° anticlockwise
(2) 40° anticlockwise
(3) 10° clockwise
(4) 20° clockwise
12. When a plane mirror is rotated through an angle 𝛉 then the reflected ray turns through the
angle 𝟐𝛉 then the size of the image: -
(1) Is doubled
(2) Is halved
(3) Remains the same
(4) Becomes infinite
13. In the figure if mirror is rotated clockwise by 20° and incident ray is rotated 10° anticlockwise.
By how much angle reflected ray gets rotated.
(1) 50° Anticlockwise
(2) 30° Clockwise
(4) 50° Clockwise
14. Light incident normally on a plane mirror attached to a galvanometer coil retraces backwards
as shown in figure. A current in the coil produces a deflection of 2.5° of the mirror. What is
the displacement of reflected spot of light on a screen placed 2 m away?
(1) 10.5 cm
(2) 17.44 cm
(3) 15 cm
(4) 3 cm
15. If both mirror and incident ray are rotated by 10° clockwise. By how much angle reflected ray
gets rotated.
(3) 10° clockwise
16. If due to rotation of a mirror the reflected ray gets rotated by 40° clockwise. By how much the
mirror should be rotated.
(1) 20º Clockwise
(3) 30° Clockwise
(4) None of these
17. A mirror is inclined at an angle 40° from vertical a light ray incident on mirror along
horizontal. Than by how much angle mirror should be rotated so that reflected ray become
vertical.
(1) 5°
(2) 80°
(3) 50°
(4) 15°
Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Answer 2 3 1 3 3 2 2 1 1 3 1 3 4 2 3
Question 16 17
Answer 1 1
SOLUTIONS
1. (2)
δ = 2π – 2i = 2π– 2α
5π 5π
⇒ 6 = 2π − 2α ⇒ 2α = 2π − 6
7π
⇒ = 2α
6
7π
⇒ α = 12
2. (3)
For reflection at A
Angle of incidence (i) = 90 − 60° = 30°
⇒ i = 30°
Deviation, δ = 180 − 2 × 30° = 120°
3. (1)
Deviation δ = 180 − 2 × 50 = 80°
4. (3)
δ = 60°
δ = 180 − 2i
⇒ 60° = 180 − 2 × i
⇒ i = 60°
5. (3)
∠i + ∠r = 90°
2i = 90° . . . . . . (i)
So, deviation, δ = 180 − 2i = 180 − 90° = 90°
6. (2)
Tower
h
i
45°
60m
δ = 180 − 2i
90 = 180 − 2i
i = 45°
h
tan45° = 60 ⇒ h = 60m
7. (2)
δnet after two reflection is
δnet = 360° – 2θ = 360° – 2 (90) = 180°
8. (1)
δ = 360° – 2θ
δ = 360° − 2(30°) = 300°
9. (1)
i = 0°
70° 20° 20°
Light incident perpendicularly on second mirror so it retrace its path; so total deviation = 180°
10. (3)
Angle of deviation is independent of angle of incidence.
11. (1)
To retrace its path reflected ray should be rotated by θ = 40° (Anticlockwise)

40
∴ Rotation of mirror = 2
= 20° (Anticlockwise)
12. (3)
In plane mirror, size of the image is independent of the angle of incidence & rotation of mirror.
13. (4)
Mirror is rotated by = 20° (clockwise) ⇒ reflected ray rotated by = 40° (clockwise).
Incident ray rotated by = 10° (anticlockwise) ⇒ reflected ray rotated by = 10° (clockwise).
Net rotation of reflected ray is = 40° + 10° = 50° (clockwise).
14. (2)
If mirror rotated by θ then reflected ray rotates by
2θ = 2 × 2.5 = 5°
for θ small
𝑡𝑎𝑛2θ ≈ 2θ
π y
5° × 180 = 2
5 × 3.14 × 2
y= = 17.44cm
180
15. (3)
Mirror is rotated by 10° (clockwise) ⇒ reflected ray rotated by 20° (clockwise).
Incident ray rotated by 10° (clockwise) ⇒ reflected ray rotated by 10° (anticlockwise).
Net rotation of reflected ray is = 20° – 10° = 10° (clockwise).
16. (1)
Rotation of reflected ray = 40° (clockwise)
40
∴ mirror is rotated by = 2
= 20° (clockwise)
17. (1)
As to make reflected ray vertical it should be rotated by an angle = 10°(Clockwise)

10
∴ Mirror should be rotated by = = 5° (Clockwise)
2
Field of View & Velocity of Image DPP-04
1. A boy 1.50 m tall with his eye-level at 1.38 m from the ground stands before a mirror fixed on
a wall. What should be the minimum length of the mirror so that he can view himself fully?
(1) 0.8 m
(2) 0.75 m
(3) 0.69 m
(4) none of these
2. A man is 180 cm tall and his eyes are 10 cm below the top of his head. In order to see his
entire height right from toe to head, he uses a plane mirror kept at a distance of 1 m from
him. Find out the minimum length of the plane mirror required and position of plane mirror: -
(1) Minimum length of mirror = 90 cm and position = 85 cm above ground
3. A boy of height h is standing at a distance d from a plane mirror and his father of height 2h is
standing behind him at a distance 2d from mirror. What should be the minimum length of
mirror so that boy can see complete image of his father.
h
(1) 2
(2) h
5h
(3)
6
2h
(4) 3
4. An observer is moving along the line AB as shown. When image of object O is first visible to
observer, he starts from rest with the acceleration of 2cm/sec2, then the time for which image
is visible to observer is: -
A Observer
10 cm 10 cm
27 cm
O
B
(1) 3 sec
(2) 9 sec
(3) 12 sec
5. A point object approaches a plane mirror with a speed of 𝟏𝟎 𝐦𝐬 –𝟏 , while the image recedes
away from the mirror with a speed of 𝟔 𝐦𝐬 –𝟏 . The direction and magnitude of the velocity of
mirror is :-
(1) towards the object, 8 ms –1
(2) towards the image, 6 ms –1
(3) away from the object, 8 ms –1
(4) away from the object, 2 ms −1
6. If an observer is walking away from the plane mirror with 6 m/sec. Then the velocity of the
image with respect to observer will be
(1) 6 m/sec
(2) 8 m/sec
(3) 12 m/sec
(4) 3 m/sec
7. A man moves towards a plane mirror with a velocity v in a direction making an angle  with
the normal to the mirror. The magnitude of velocity of the image relative to man normal to
mirror will be-
(1) 2 v
(2) 2 v cos
(3) 2 v sin
(4) 2v/cos
8. In the situation shown in figure, find the velocity of image?
(1) Zero
(2) 8 m/s
(3) 2 m/s
(4) 4 m/s
9. In the situation shown in figure, find the velocity of image in vector form?
(1) 6iˆ + 2jˆ y
(2) 6iˆ − 2jˆ

x
(3) 6iˆ
(4) 4iˆ + 2jˆ
10. A plane mirror is moving with velocity 𝟒𝐢̂ + 𝟓𝐣̂ + 𝟖𝐤

̂ . A point object in front of the mirror
moves with a velocity 𝟑𝐢̂ + 𝟒𝐣̂ + 𝟓𝐤

̂ . Here 𝐢̂ is along the normal to the plane mirror and facing
towards the object. The velocity of the image is:-

(1) 5î + 4ĵ + 5k̂
(2) 5î + 4ĵ + 8k̂
(3) 3î + 4ĵ + 5k̂
(4) 6î + 4ĵ + 5k̂
Answer key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Answer 2 1 4 2 3 3 2 1 1 1
SOLUTIONS
1. (2)
Total height 1.50
Minimum length of mirror = = = 0.75m
2 2
2. (1)
H 180
Minimum length of the mirror = 2
= 2
= 90 cm
eye level 170

Position of mirror above ground = 2
= 2
= 85 cm
3. (4)
𝑎 𝑐
𝑎′
𝑒
𝑙
2ℎ 𝑏′ 2ℎ
𝑑
𝑏 2𝑑 2𝑑 𝑐′
ea'b' ~ ecc'
l 2h
=
d 3d
2h
l=
3
4. (2)
27𝑐𝑚 10 𝑐𝑚
𝑥
S
20 𝑐𝑚
10 𝑐𝑚
x 30
=
27 10
x = 81 cm
Image is visible upto a distance AB = 81 cm
1
S = at 2
2
t = 9 sec
5. (3)
ሬԦM
V
10 m/s 6 m/s
O l
VI = 2VM − VO
6 = 2VM − 10
VM = 8 m/s (away from the object)
6. (3)
Relative velocity of image w.r.t. object

= 6 –(–6) = 12m/sec
7. (2)
vsin vsin
v v

O I
vcos vcos
The magnitude of velocity of image relative to man normal to mirror will be

= v cos  – (–vcos) = 2vcos
8. (1)
VI = 2VM − VO
VI = 2 2 − 4 = 0 m/s
9. (1)
Parallel component of image
VI = VO = 2 m / s
Perpendicular component of image
VI = 2VM − VO
VI = 2(3) − 0 = 6 m / s
So, final answer VIF = 6iˆ + 2jˆ m / s
10. (1)
For component of velocity perpendicular to mirror
ሬԦI = 2v
v ሬԦm − v
ሬԦ0 = 8î − 3î = 5î
Other component will not change
ሬԦI = 5î + 4ĵ + 5k̂
⇒V
Multiple Reflections (Number of images) DPP-05
1. Two plane mirrors are inclined at an angle of 72°. The number of images of a point object
placed between them will be
(1) 2
(2) 3
(3) 4
(4) 5
2. Two plane mirrors are at 45° to each other. If an object is placed between them, then the
number of images will be
(1) 5
(2) 9
(3) 7
(4) 8
3. Find the number of images. M2

(1) 6
(2) 7 O
(3) 8
50° 25°
(4) 9 M1
4. Figure shows two plane mirrors parallel to each other and an object O placed between them.
Then the distance of the first three images from the mirror M2 will be :(in cm)
M1 M2
3 cm
9 cm
(1) 6,12,15
(2) 6,12,24
(3) 3,6,12
(4) 3,15,21
5. Position of 5th image of given object in mirror M2 is: - M1 M2
(1) 65 cm from mirror M2
Object
(3) 170 cm from mirror M2 30cm 5cm
6. A person is in a room whose ceiling and two adjacent walls are mirrors. How many images are
formed: -
(1) 5
(2) 6
(3) 7
(4) 8
7. An object shaped as ‘L’ is placed between two parallel plane mirrors as shown. In the first
seven closest images, how many laterally inverted images are formed?
(1) 1
(2) 2
(3) 3
(4) 4
Answer key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Answer 3 3 3 2 2 3 4
SOLUTIONS
1. (3)
 360   360 
n= −1  n =  −1 = 4
    72 
2. (3)
360
n= −1 = 7
45
3. (3)
M1 M2
25° 25°
50°
75° 75°
50°
125° 125°
50°
175° 175°
So, total number of images = 8.
4. (2)
M1 M2
3 6
9
15 12
9
21 24
So, the distance of the first three images from the mirror M2 is 6 cm, 12 cm and 24 cm.
5. (2)
M1 M2
30cm 5cm
35cm
40cm 65cm
35cm
100cm 75cm
35cm
110cm 135cm
35cm
170cm 145cm
145cm from mirror M2
6. (3)
The walls acts as two mirror inclined to each other at 90° and so they will form 3 images of the
person. Now these images and person will act as object for the ceiling mirror and ceiling mirror will
form 4 images. Therefore, total number of images formed = 3 + 4 = 7.
7. (4)
Total number of laterally inverted images are 4.

Image Formation in Convex and Concave Mirror DPP-06
1. What will be the position and nature of the image.

(1) Between ∞ and C, real and inverted
(2) At ∞, real and inverted
(3) Between ∞ and C, virtual and erect
(4) Between F and C, real and inverted

(1) Between ∞ and C, real, inverted and diminished
(2) On the right side of mirror, virtual, erected and diminished
(3) Between ∞ and C, virtual, erect and enlarged
(4) Between F and C, real, inverted and diminished

(2) At C, real and inverted
(3) Between ∞ and C, virtual and erect
(4) Between F and C, real and inverted

(2) At ∞, real and inverted
(3) On the left side of mirror, virtual, erect and enlarged
(4) On the right side of mirror, virtual, erect and enlarged
5. Select the incorrect statement from the following

(1) For concave mirror, if image of real object is virtual then magnification must be positive
(2) A virtual image cannot be displayed on the screen
(3) Convex mirror always form real image for real object
(4) Concave mirror forms both real and virtual image for real object.
6. A diminished virtual image can be formed only in

(1) Plane mirror
(2) A concave mirror
(3) A convex mirror
(4) Concave-parabolic mirror
Answer key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6
Answer 1 2 2 4 3 3
Sign Convention & Mirror Formula DPP-07
𝟑𝒇
1. A convex mirror has a focal length f. A real object is placed at a distance of 𝟐
from the pole.
Find out the position of image?
f
(1)
−5
−f
(2)
5
3f
(3) 5
f
(4) 5
2. A motor car is fitted with a rear-view mirror of focal length 20 cm. A second motor car 2 m
broad and 1.6 m high is 6 m away from first car. Find the position of second car as seen in the
mirror of the first car.
(1) 20 cm
(2) 40 cm
(3) 19.35 cm
(4) 15.35 cm
3. An object is placed at 20 cm from a concave mirror of focal length 30 cm. The image formed
by the mirror is: -
(1) Real and at 60 cm from the mirror
(2) Virtual and at 60 cm from the mirror
4. A beam of convergent light converges to a point 0.5 m in front of the mirror after reflection
at a convex mirror but in the absence of the mirror the beam converges to a point 0.2 m
behind the mirror. The radius of curvature of the mirror is: -
(1) 20 cm
(2) 50 cm
(3) 66.67 cm
P O
(4) 28.57 cm
5. An object is placed 40 cm from a concave mirror of focal length 20 cm. The image formed is
(1) 40 cm, Real and inverted
(2) 40 cm, Real and erect
(3) 20 cm, Virtual and inverted
(4) 20 cm, Virtual and erect
6. An object is placed at 20 cm from a convex mirror of focal length 10 cm. The image formed by
the mirror is
20
(3) Virtual and at cm from the mirror
3
20
(4) Real and at 3
cm from the mirror
7. A real point object is placed at a distance 10 cm and its real image is formed at a distance 20
cm from mirror. Find focal length and nature of mirror
(1) 20 cm, Convex Mirror
(2) 20 cm, Concave Mirror
(3) 6.33 cm, Convex Mirror
(4) 6.33 cm, Concave Mirror
8. A beam of light converges towards a point O, behind a convex mirror of focal length 20 cm.
Find the nature and position of the image if the point O is 10 cm behind the mirror
(1) 6.3 cm, real
(2) 20 cm, real
(3) 20 cm, virtual
(4) 6.3 cm, virtual
9. A beam of light converges towards a point O, behind a convex mirror of focal length 20 cm.
Find the nature and position of the image if the point O is 30 cm behind the mirror.
(1) 60 cm, real
(2) 30 cm, real
(3) 60 cm, virtual
(4) 30 cm, virtual
Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Answer 3 3 2 3 1 3 4 2 3
(1)
SOLUTIONS
1. (3)
3
For convex lens f = +ve ; u = − f
2
1 1 1
From mirror equation + =
v u f
1 1 1 3f
⇒ v + −3f/2 = f ⇒ v = 5
2. (3)
1 1 1
From mirror equation v + u = f
1 1 1 1 1 31
⇒ v = f − u = 20 − −600 = 600
600
⇒v= 31
= +19.35 cm behind the mirror.
3. (2)
u = –20 cm, f = –30 cm
1 1 1
v
+u= f
1 1 1
+ =
v −20 −30
v = +60 cm
4. (3)
u = +0.2m ; v = – 0.5 m
Using mirror formula
1 1 1
v
+u= f
1 1 2
+ =
v u R
1 1 2 2
−0.5
+ 0.2 = R ⇒ R = 3 ; R = 0.667 m = 66.67 cm
5. (1)
u= −40cm, f = −20 cm also
1 1 1
= +
f ν u
1 1 1
⇒ = + ⇒ ν = −40 cm
−20 ν (−40)
6. (3)
u = –20 cm, f = 10 cm
1 1 1
+ =
v u f
1 1 1
v
+ −20 = 10
20
v= 3
cm
7. (4)
u = –10 cm, v = –20 cm,
1 1 1
+ =
v u f
1 1 1
−20
+ −10
= f
f = – 6.33 cm
8. (2)
For this situation object will be virtual as shown in figure.
Here u =+10 cm and f = +20 cm.
1 1 1
∴ + = i.e., v = –20 cm
v +10 +20
i.e., the image will be at a distance of 20 cm in front of the mirror and will be real.
9. (3)
For this situation also, object will be virtual as shown in Figure.
Here, u = + 30 cm and f = + 20 cm
1 1 1
∴ + = i.e., v = +60 cm
v +30 +20
i.e., the image will be at a distance of 60 cm behind the mirror and will be virtual.
Transverse Magnification DPP-08
1. A man has a shaving mirror of focal length 0.2 m. How far should the mirror be held from his
face in order to give an image of two-fold magnification?
(1) 0.1 m
(2) 0.3 m
(3) 0.5 m
(4) 0.7 m
𝒇
2. A convex mirror has a focal length f. A real object is placed at a distance of 𝟐
from the pole.
Find out the position, magnification and nature of the image.

(1) f, real, enlarged and inverted
f
(2) , real, enlarged and inverted
3
f
(3) 3, virtual, diminished and erect
(4) f, virtual, enlarged and erect
3. A virtual image three times the size of the object is obtained with a concave mirror of radius of
curvature 36 cm. Find the distance of the object from the mirror.
(1) 6 cm
(2) 24 cm
(3) 12 cm
(4) None of these
4. The focal length of a concave mirror is 30 cm. Where should an object be placed so that its
image is three times magnified, real and inverted?
(1) 40
(2) 30
(3) 90
(4) 10
5. A small candle 2.5 cm in size is placed 27 cm in front of a concave mirror of radius of curvature
36 cm. At what distance from the mirror should a screen be placed in order to receive a sharp
image. What is size of image: -
(1) 54, 5
(2) 54, 10
(3) 30, 5
(4) 30, 10
6. A 4.5 cm needle is placed 12 cm away from a convex mirror of focal length 15 cm. Find the
location of the image and the magnification.
2
(1) 5.5cm,
3
5
(2) 6.7cm,
9
5
(3) 5.5cm,
9
2
(4) 6.7cm,
3
𝟏
7. A convex mirror of focal length f forms an image which is 𝐧
times the object. The distance of
the object from the mirror is
(1) (n − 1)f
n−1
(2) ( n
)f
n+1
(3) ( n )f
(4) (n + 1)f
8. An object is placed at 10 cm, in front of a concave mirror of radius of curvature 15 cm. Find the
position, nature, and magnification of the image in each case.
(1) 30 cm, real, enlarged and inverted
(2) 30 cm, real, diminished and inverted
(3) 30 cm, virtual, diminished and erect
(4) 30 cm, virtual, enlarged and erect
9. An object is placed at 5 cm, in front of a concave mirror of radius of curvature 15 cm. Find the
position, nature, and magnification of the image in each case.
(1) 15 cm, real, enlarged and inverted
(2) 15 cm, real, diminished and inverted
(3) 15 cm, virtual, diminished and erect
(4) 15 cm, virtual, enlarged and erect
Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Answer 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 4
SOLUTIONS
1. (1)
−v
In given conditions m = u
= 2 ⇒ v = – 2u
1 1 1
from mirror equation v
+u = f
given f = – 0.2 m
1 1 1
⇒ −2u + u = −0.2 ⇒ u = – 0.1m
So, mirror should be placed at the distance of 0.1 m.
2. (3)
1 1 1
From mirror equation + =
v u f
1 1 1 f
⇒ v + −f/2 = f ⇒ v = 3
v f/3 2
and m = – u = − −f/2 = 3
So, image will be virtual, erect and smaller than object
3. (3)
v
∵ m = − u = 3 ⇒ v = –3u
1 1 1
Now v
+u= f
−R −36
where f= 2
= 2 = −18cm
1 1 1 −1+3 1
⇒ + = ⇒ =− ⇒ u = –12 cm
−3u u −18 3u 18
4. (1)
f = – 30 cm & m = –3
f – 30
m = f – u ∴ – 3 = – 30 – u ⇒ u = – 40 cm
⇒ u = 40 cm in front of mirror
5. (1)
f −18 −18
m = f−u = −18−(−27) ⇒ m = 9
= −2
f−v −18−v
m= ⇒ −2 = ⇒ v = –54 cm
f −18
therefore h2 = 2 × 2.5 = 5 cm
6. (2)
f = +15 cm, h1 = 4.5 cm, u = –12 cm

−v f
u
= f−u
−v 15
−12
= 15−(−12)
12(15)
v= 27
= 6.7 cm
f +15 5
m= = =
f−u 15−(−12) 9
7. (1)
1 ν u
m = +n = −u ⇒ ν = −n
By using mirror formula

1 1 1
f
= u + u ⇒ u = −(n − 1)f
−
n
8. (1)
The focal length f = –15/2 cm = –7.5 cm
The object distance u = –10 cm. Then

1 1 1
v
+ −10 = −7.5
10×7.5
Or v = −2.5
= −30 cm
v (−30)
magnification m = − u = − (−10) = −3
The image is magnified, real and inverted.
9. (4)
The focal length f = –15/2 cm = –7.5 cm
The object distance u = –5 cm. Then

1 1 1
v
+ −5 = −7.5
5×7.5
Or v = 2.5
= 15 cm
v (15)
magnification m = − u = − (−5) = 3
The image is magnified, virtual and erect.

Longitudinal Magnification & Velocity of Image DPP-09
1. A rod of length 10 cm lies along the principal axis of a concave mirror of focal length 10 cm in
such a way that its closer end is 20 cm away from the mirror. The length of the image is-
(1) 8 cm
(2) 6 cm
(3) 5 cm
(4) 3 cm
2. A square of side 3 cm is placed at a distance of 25 cm from a concave mirror of focal length 10

cm. The centre of the square is at the axis of the mirror and the plane is normal to the axis. The
area enclosed by the image of the wire is -
(1) 4 cm2
(2) 6 cm2
(3) 16 cm2
(4) 36 cm2
3. A point object is placed at a distance of 10 cm and its real image is formed at a distance of 20
cm from a concave mirror. If the object is moved by 0.1 cm towards the mirror, the image will
shift by about
(1) 0.4 cm away from the mirror
(2) 0.4 cm towards the mirror
(3) 0.8 cm away from the mirror
(4) 0.8 cm towards the mirror
4. A short linear object of length 𝒍 lies along the axis of a concave mirror of focal length 𝐟 at a
distance 𝐮 from the pole of the mirror. The size of the image is approximately equal to
u−f 1/2
(1) 𝑙 ( f
)
u−f 2
(2) 𝑙 ( f
)
f 1/2
(3) 𝑙 (u−f)
f 2
(4) 𝑙 (u−f)
5. A point object in moving on a principle axis of a concave mirror of focal length 24 cm towards
the mirror. When it is at a distance 60 cm from the mirror, its velocity is 9 cm/s. What is the
velocity of image at that instant.
(1) 5 cm/s towards the mirror
(2) 12 cm/s away from the mirror
(3) 4 cm/s towards the mirror
6. A boy runs towards a convex mirror with a speed v. His image is seen to move toward the mirror
at a speed v' Then
(1) v < v’
(2) v > v’
(3) v = v’
(4) Data insufficient
7. An object is present on principal axis of a concave mirror at a distance 30 cm from it, focal
length of mirror is 20 cm. If the object starts moving with 2 cm/s along the principal axis
towards the mirror then.
(1) 4 cm/s image moves away from mirror
(2) 4 cm/s image moving with towards mirror
(3) Image starts moving with 6 cm/s towards the mirror
8. Find the velocity of image
(1) 24 î + 16ĵ

10 cm/s
(2) 16 î + 24ĵ
(3) −24iˆ + 16jˆ
(4) −16 î − 24ĵ
9. In the diagram shown the velocity of image will be along

(1) P
(2) Q
(3) R
(4) S
10. An object AB is placed parallel and close to the optical axis between focus F and centre of
curvature C of a converging mirror of focal length f as shown in figure.
(1) Image of B will be closer than that of A from the mirror.
(2) Image of AB will be parallel to the optical axis.
(3) Length of image is equal to AB.
(4) Length of image is more than AB.
11. A square of side 2 cm is placed in front of a concave mirror at a distance 20 cm from mirror,
such that its real image is formed having area 16 cm2? Find the focal length of concave mirror.
40
(1) 3
cm
(2) 10 cm
80
(3) 3
cm
(4) None of these
Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Answer 3 1 1 4 3 2 4 3 1 4 1
SOLUTIONS
1. (3)
For end A
u = – 20, f = −10 cm
1 1 1
vA
+u= f
1 1 1
⇒ + =
vA −20 −10
⇒ vA = – 20cm … . (i)
Similarly, for end B
u = −30 cm, f = −10 cm
1 1 1
vB
+ −30 = −10
vB = −15 … . . (ii)
Hence length of image = |vA − vB | = |20 – 15| = 5 cm.
2. (1)
Area of image = m2 × Area of object
−10 2
Area of image = (−10+25) × 9
= 4 cm2
3. (1)
Mirror formula
1 1 1 1 1 1 20
= + ⇒ = + ⇒f= cm. If object moves towards the mirror by 0.1cm then.
f v u f −20 (−10) 3
1 1 1
u = (10 – 0.1) = 9.9 cm. Hence again from mirror formula −20/3 = v′ + −9.9 ⇒ v′ = 20.4cm i.e. image
shifts away from the mirror by 0.4 cm.
4. (4)
li v2
= = m2t
lo u2
2
 f 
li =   l
 f −u 
2
 f 
li =   l
 u−f 
5. (3)
VIM = −m2t VOM (mirror is in rest)
( )
VI = −m2t VO
2
 f 
VI = −   Vo
 f −u 
2
 −24 
VI =  9
 −24 − ( −60) 
 
VI = −4 cm/s
6. (2)
7. (4)
u = –30 cm
f = –20 cm
f −20
mt = = = −2
f − u −20 + 30
VIM = −m2t VOM
(
VI − VM = −m2t VO − VM )
VI − 0 = −4 (2 − 0)
VI = −8 cm/s
8. (3)
f −20
mt = = = −2
f − u −20 − ( −30)
8 cm/s
For horizontal motion
10 cm/s
VIM = −m2t VOM
(
VI − VM = −m2t VO − VM ) 6 cm/s
VI − 0 = −4 (6 − 0)
VI = −24 cm/s
For vertical motion

VIM = mt VOM
(
VI − VM = mt VO − VM )
VI − 0 = +2( 8 − 0)
VI = 16 cm/s
So, velocity of image is VIF = −24iˆ + 16jˆ
9. (1)
10. (4)
11. (1)
Area of square object = 2 cm × 2cm = 4 cm2
u = −20 cm
Area of image = 16 cm2
Area of image
Area of object
= (m)2
16 f 2 f
⇒ 4
= (f−u) ⇒ f−(−20) = −2 (∴ −ve Real image)
⇒ f = −2f − 40
−40
⇒f= 3
cm
Combination of Mirrors DPP-10
1. Find out the position of the final image formed after two reflections. (consider first reflection
from mirror 𝐌𝟏 ). f = 60 cm f = 10 cm
(1) 60 cm from M2
(2) 30 cm from M2 O
(3) 5 cm from M1 15 cm 10 cm
(4) 85 cm from M2
M2 M1
2. In the figure shown find the total magnification after two successive reflections first on
𝐌𝟏 and then on 𝐌𝟐 . (Assume paraxial rays only)
f = 30 cm f = 20 cm
3
(1)
2
(2) 3 O
2 30 cm 10 cm
(3)
3
M2 M1
(4) 2
3. A point object is kept between a plane mirror and a concave mirror facing each other. The
distance between the mirrors is 22.5 cm. Plane mirror is placed perpendicular to principal
axis of concave mirror. The radius of curvature of the concave mirror is 20 cm. If distance of
the object from the concave mirror is 15 cm. Then find out the position of image formed
after two successive reflection (Consider first reflection from concave mirror)
(1) 30 cm from concave mirror
(2) 15 cm from plane mirror
(3) On the object itself
(4) None of these
4. Find out the value of x such that light ray retrace its path after second reflection (consider
first reflection on mirror M 1) f = 20 cm
f = 20 cm
(1) 70 cm
(2) 10 cm
O
(3) 30 cm
30 cm x
(4) 20 cm
M1 M2
5. In the figure, an object is placed at distance 25 cm from the surface of a convex mirror, and
a plane mirror is set so that the image formed by the two mirrors lie adjacent to each other
in the same plane. The plane mirror is placed at 20 cm from the object. What is the radius of
curvature of the convex mirror?
(1) 75 cm
(2) 37.5 cm
(3) 150 cm
(4) 50 cm 20 cm
25 cm
Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5
Answer 1 3 3 1 1
SOLUTIONS
1. (1)
For mirror M1
u = –10 cm
f = 10 cm f = 60 cm f = 10 cm
uf −10  10 +ve –ve –ve +ve
v= =
u − f −10 − 10 F 1
O
v = 5 cm (1)
60 cm 15 cm 10 cm 5 cm
For mirror M2
M2 M1
u = –30 cm
f = –60 cm
uf −30  −60
v= =
u − f −30 + 60
v = 60 cm (F)
final image formed at a distance 60 cm away from mirror M2
2. (3)
f = 30 cm f = 20 cm
For mirror M1
u = –10 cm
O
f = –20 cm
30 cm 10 cm 20 cm
uf −10  −20
v= =
u − f −10 + 20 M2 M1
v = 20 cm (1)
v −20
m1 = – = =2
u −10
For mirror M2
u = –60 cm
f = 30 cm
uf −60  30
v= = = 20cm
u − f −60 − 30
−v −20 1
m2 = = =
u −60 3
Total magnification = m1 × m2 = 2/3
3. (3) R = 20 cm
For concave mirror
u = –15 cm
O 1
f = –10 cm
15 cm 7.5 cm 7.5 cm
uf −15  10
v= = = −30cm 22.5 cm
u − f −15 + 10
30 cm
4. (1)
For mirror M1
f = 20 cm f = 20 cm
u = –30 cm
f = –20 cm
uf −30  −20 O 
v= = = −60cm
u − f −30 + 20 30 cm 40 cm
Position of image of mirror M1 is same as position M1 60 cm
M2
of centre of curvature of mirror M2
60 + 40 = 30 + x
x = 70 cm
5. (1)
u = –25 cm
v = 15 cm
f=?
1 1 1
+ =
v u f
1 1 1 300
− =  f= cm
15 25 f 8
300
R = 2f = 2  = 75cm
8
Refraction of Light DPP-11
1. A light ray is moving from denser (refractive index = 𝛍) to air. If the angle of incidence is half
the angle of refraction, find out the angle of refraction.
2
(1) 2 cos−1 (μ)
μ
(2) 2 cos–1 (2)
μ
(3) 2 sin−1 (2)
μ
(4) 2 cot −1 (2)
2. Figure (𝐚) and (𝐛) show refraction of a ray in air incident at 𝟔𝟎° with the normal to a glass air
and water air interface, respectively. What is the angle of refraction in glass when the angle of
incidence in water is 𝟒𝟓° with the normal to a water-glass interface figure (𝐜):-
(1) 38°
(2) 60°
(3) 90°
(4) 52°
3. In the figure shown the angle made by the light ray with the normal in the medium of
refractive index √𝟐 is:
m1 = 1 45
m2 =
m3 =
m4 =
(1) 30°
(2) 60°
(3) 90°
(4) None of these
4. The refractive index of a certain glass is 1.5 for light whose wavelength in vacuum is 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎 Å.
The wavelength of this light when it passes through glass is
(1) 4000 Å
(2) 6000 Å
(3) 9000 Å
(4) 15000 Å
5. A ray of light is incident from a rarer medium (𝛍 = 𝟏. 𝟓) into a denser medium. If the angle of
incidence and refraction are respectively 𝟔𝟎° and 𝟒𝟓°, then calculate the refractive index of
the denser medium.
(1) 1
(2) √3
3
(3) 2
(4) 3√3/2√2
6. A ray of light passes through four transparent media with refractive indices 𝛍𝟏 , 𝛍𝟐 , 𝛍𝟑 and 𝛍𝟒
as shown in the figure. The surfaces of all media are parallel. If the emergent ray 𝐂𝐃 is
parallel to the incident ray 𝐀𝐁, we must have
Dμ
(1) μ1 = μ2 μ1 μ2 μ3 4
(2) μ2 = μ3
B C
(3) μ3 = μ4
(4) μ4 = μ1
A
7. A ray of light in air is incident on the surface of separation of a medium at an angle 𝟒𝟓° and is
refracted in the medium at an angle 𝟑𝟎°. What will be the velocity of light in the medium?
(1) 1.96 × 108 m/s
(2) 2.12 × 108 m/s
(3) 3.18 × 108 m/s
(4) 3.33 × 188 m/s
𝟒
8. Light of wavelength 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎Å enters from air into water (𝛍𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫 = 𝟑). What is the change in the
frequency of light in water?
(1) No change
(2) Become twice
(3) Become half
(4) None of these
9. A light wave has a frequency of 𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟒 Hz and a wavelength of 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟕 meters in a
medium. The refractive index of the medium is
(1) 1.5
(2) 1.33
(3) 1.0
(4) 0.66
𝟑 𝟒
10. Refractive index of glass is and refractive index of water is . If the speed of light in glass is
𝟐 𝟑
𝟐. 𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝐦/𝐬, then the speed of light in water will be
(1) 2.67 × 108 m/s
(2) 2.25 × 108 m/s
(3) 1.78 × 108 m/s
(4) 1.50 × 108 m/s
11. Monochromatic light of frequency 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟒 Hz travelling in vacuum enters a medium of

refractive index 𝟏. 𝟓. Its wavelength in the medium is
(1) 4000 Å
(2) 5000 Å
(3) 6000 Å
(4) 5500 Å
12. A beam of light propagating in medium 𝐀 with index of refraction 𝐧 (𝐚) passes across an
interface into medium 𝐁 with index of refraction 𝐧(𝐛). The angle of incidence is greater than
the angle of refraction; 𝐯(𝐚) and 𝐯(𝐛) denotes the speed of light in 𝐀 and 𝐁. Then which of the
following is true
(1) v(a) > v(b) and n(a) > n(b)
(2) v(a) > v(b) and n(a) < n(b)
(3) v(a) < v(b) and n(a) > n(b)
(4) v(a) < v(b) and n(a) < n(b)
13. An opaque cylindrical tank with an open top has a diameter of 3.00 m and is completely filled
with water. When the setting sun reaches an angle of 37° above the horizon, sunlight ceases
to illuminate any part of the bottom of the tank. How deep is tank in meter?
(1) 4m
(2) 5m
(3) 6m
(4) 3m
14. AB is a boundary separating two media of different refractive indices. A ray is incident on the
boundary is partially reflected and partially transmitted. Choose the correct statement.
(3)
A B
(1) (2)
(1) 3 is incident ray and 1 is refracted ray
(2) 2 is incident ray and 1 is partially reflected ray
(3) 1 is incident ray and 3 is refracted ray
(4) 3 is incident ray and 2 is partially reflected ray
Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Answer 2 3 1 1 4 4 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 3
SOLUTIONS
1. (2)
r
Given i = 2
So, from snell's law μ sin i = sin r

r r r
μsin (2) = 2sin (2) cos (2)
r μ μ
cos (2) = 2 ⇒ r = 2 cos −1 (2)
2. (3)
From (a)
μair sin60° = μglass sin45°
3
a μg = √2 = μg
from (b)
μair sin60° = μwater sin30°
a μW = √3 = μW
Now, from (c)
μwater sin45° = μglass sinr
3
⇒ √3sin45° = √2 sinr
sinr = 1 ⇒ r = 90°
m1 = 1 45
3. (1)
m2 =
μ1 sin 45° = μ3 sinθ
1
⇒ (1) ( 2) = √2sinθ m3 =
√
1
⇒ sinθ = 2 ⇒ θ = 30°
m4 =
4. (1)
From, μ1 λ1 = μ2 λ2
⇒ μm λm = μa λa
λ 6000
λm = μ a = 1.5
= 4000Å
m
5. (4)
μrarer = 1.5, i = 60°, r = 45°
μdenser =?
μrarer sin i = μdenser sin r
⇒ 1.5 × sin 60° = μdenser sin 45°
1.5×sin 60°
⇒ μdenser =
sin 45°
1.5×(√3/2) 1.5×√3×√2
⇒ μdenser = = 2
= 1.84
(1/√2)
6. (4)
Theory based.
For successive refraction through different media μ sinθ = constant. Here as θ is same in the two-
extreme media, μ1 = μ2
7. (2)
μa sin45° = μm sin30°
1 c 1 c
1× = v × 2 ⇒ vm =
√2 m √2
3×108
⇒ vm = = 2.12 × 108 m/s
√2
8. (1)
Theory based.
9. (1)
c
v=
μ
c
⇒ fλ = μ
c 3×108
⇒ λ = μf = 4×1014 ×5×10−7 = 1.5
10. (2)
1 μg vw 3/2 v
μ∝v⇒μ = vg
w
⇒ 4/3 = 2×10 8
w
⇒ vw = 2.25 × 108 m/s
11. (1)
λa c 3×108
λm = μ
= vμ = 5×1014 ×1.5 = 4000Å
12. (2)
∵ ∠i > ∠r, it means light ray is going from rarer medium
(a) to denser medium.
So v(a) > v(b) and n(a) > n(b)
13. (1)
By Snell's law 37°
1 sin 53° = m sinr
4 4 r
= sin r
5 3
h
r = 37°
3
Now tanr = = tan 37°
h 3m
3 3
=
h 4
 h = 4m
14. (3)
(3)
Refracted
A B
nt Re
c ide fle
ct
In ed
(1) (2)
Normal
Refraction through Single Plane Surface DPP-12
𝟒
1. To a fish in water, a bird in air appears to be at 30 cm from the surface. If 𝐚𝛍𝐰 = 𝟑 , then the
true distance of the bird from the surface is: -
(1) 40 cm
(2) 22.5 cm
(3) 80 cm
2. In the given figure an observer in air (n = 1) sees the bottom of a

beaker filled with water (n = 4/3) upto a height of 40 cm. What will be
the depth felt by this observer?
(1) 10 cm
(2) 20 cm 40 cm
(3) 30 cm
(4) 40 cm
3. A tank is filled with liquid to a height of 20 cm. The apparent depth of a needle lying at the
bottom of the tank is measured by a microscope to be 15 cm. What is the refractive index of
liquid?
3
(1)
4
(2) 2
4
(3)
3
(4) None of these
4. An underwater swimmer is at a depth of 12 m below the surface of water. A bird is at a

height of 18 m from the surface of water, directly above his eyes. For the swimmer the bird
appears to be at a distance equal to (Refractive Index of water is 4/3)
(1) 36 m
(2) 24 m
(3) 18 m
(4) 9m
5. A fish at a depth of 12 cm in water is viewed by an observer on the bank of a lake. To what

height the image of the fish is raised. (Refractive Index of water is 4/3)
(1) 9 cm
(2) 12 cm
(3) 3.8 cm
(4) 3 cm
6. An air bubble in glass slab (𝛍 = 𝟏. 𝟓) when viewed from one side appears to be at 6 cm and
from opposite side 4 cm. The thickness of glass slab is:
(1) 10 cm
(2) 6.67 cm
(3) 15 cm
(4) None
7. How much water should be filled in a container 21 cm in height, so that it appears half filled
when viewed from the top of the container (given that 𝐚𝛍𝐰 = 𝟒/𝟑)
(1) 8.0 cm
(2) 10.5 cm
(3) 12.0 cm
(4) 14 cm
8. A vessel having perfectly reflecting plane bottom is filled with water
(𝛍 = 4/3) to a depth d. A point source of light is placed at a height h above
the reflecting surface (inside the water). Find the distance of final image
from water surface as seen by the observer.
3
(1) 4 (d + h)
O
3 d
(2) (d − h)
4 h
(3) Both (1) and (2)
(4) None of these
9. In the given rays incident on an interface would converge 10 cm
below the interface if they continued to move in straight lines
without bending. But due to refraction, the rays will bend and
meet somewhere else. Find the distance of meeting point of
refracted rays below the interface, assuming the rays to be
making small angles with the normal to the interface.
(1) 25 cm
(2) 4 cm
(3) 10 cm
(4) None of these
10. A bird is flying 3 m above the surface of water. If the bird is diving vertically down with
4
speed = 6 m/s, its apparent velocity as seen by a stationary fish underwater is (water = )
3
(1) 8 m/s
(2) 6 m/s
(3) 12 m/s
(4) 4 m/s
11. A small object is placed at the centre of the bottom of a cylindrical vessel of radius 3 cm
and height 4 cm filled completely with water. Consider the ray leaving the vessel through a
corner. Suppose this ray and the ray along the axis of the vessel are used to trace the image.
Find the apparent depth of the image.
(1) 2.25 cm
(2) 4 cm
(3) 0.25 cm
(4) None of these
Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Answer 2 3 3 1 4 3 3 3 1 1 1
SOLUTIONS
1. (2)
d' 2
=
d 1
30 4
=
d 3 1
 d = 22.5 cm
2. (3)
Refractive index =real depth/apparent depth
40
Apparent depth =  3 = 30 cm
4
3. (3)
Here, real depth = 12.5 cm; apparent depth = 9.4 cm; μ =?
real depth 12.5
∵ μ = apparent depth ∴ μ= 9.4
= 1.33.
4. (1)
Here, the bird lies in Air medium and observer is the swimmer which lies in water.
Refractive index =real depth/apparent depth
4 real depth
=
3 18
4
Real depth =  18 = 24 m
3
Apparent distance between bird and swimmer = 24 + 12 = 36 m
5. (4)
 1  3
Apparent rise = d  1 −  = 12 × (1 − 4) = 3cm
 a w 
6. (3)
real depth
We know that  =
apparent depth
Let the thickness of the slab be t and real depth of the bubble from one side be x. Then
x (t − x) x (t − x)
= = or 1.5 = =
6 4 6 4
t −9
This gives x = 9 and 1.5 = or t = 15 cm
4
7. (3)
x x 3x
d' = = = 21 – x
 4 /3 4
d'
Appears half filled means d' = 21 – x
3x x
= 21 − x
4
x = 12 cm
8. (3)
Case-1:
d' 1
=
d − h 4 /3
3 d'
d–h
d' = (d − h )
4 d
h
Case-2:
d' 2
=
d 1 If d'
O d
d' 1 3
=  d' = ( d + h ) h
d + h 4 /3 4
h
I1
9. (1)
d' 2
=
d 1
d' 5
=
10 2  1
 d' = 25 cm
10. (1)
2
VIS = VOS
1
4
VI = (6 )
3
VI = 8 m/s
11. (1)
Using Snell's Law
4 53°
Sin37° = 1 × sinr
3
r = 53° 53°
d'
In triangle: 37° 4cm
I
3 4
tan53° = =
d' 3
9 3cm
d' = = 2.25 cm
4
Refraction Through Glass Slab DPP-13
1. Find out apparent distance between object and observer as seen by observer
(1) 40 cm
(2) 55 cm
(3) 35 cm
(4) 25 cm
2. Given that, velocity of light in quartz is 𝟏. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟖 m/s and velocity of light in glycerine is
𝟗
× 𝟏𝟎𝟖 m/s. Now a slab made of quartz is placed in glycerin as shown. What is the shift
𝟒
produced by slab, if seen from other side of slab?
(1) 6 cm
(2) 3.55 cm
(3) 9 cm
(4) 2 cm
3. An object P is focused by a microscope M. A glass slab of thickness 𝟐 ∙ 𝟏 cm is introduced

between P and M. If the refractive index of the slab is 𝟏 ∙ 𝟓, by what distance should be
microscope be shifted to focus the object again?
(1) 0.60 cm
(2) 0.50 cm
(3) 0.70 cm
(4) 0.80 cm
4. A beam of light is converging towards a point O. A plane parallel plate of glass of thickness t
refractive index 𝛍 is introduced in the path of the beam. The convergent point is shifted by
(assume near normal incidence):
1
(1) t (1 − μ) away from the slab
1
(2) t (1 + μ) away from the slab
1
(3) t (1 − μ) towards the slab
1
(4) t (1 + μ) towards the slab
5. In the given figure rays incident on an interface would converge 2 cm below the interface if
they continued to move in straight lines without bending. But due to refraction, the rays will
bend and meet somewhere else. Find the distance of meeting point of refracted rays below
the interface (in cm). (Assuming the rays to be making small angles with the normal to the
interface)
(1) 5 cm
4
(2) cm
5
5 n1 = 1
(3) cm
4 n2 = 5/2
(4) None 2 cm
6. A vessel is half filled with a liquid of refractive index 𝛍. The other half of the vessel is filled
with an immiscible liquid of refractive index 1.5𝛍. The apparent depth of vessel is 50% of the
actual depth. The value of 𝛍 is
(1) 1.6
(2) 1.67
(3) 1.5
(4) 1.4
7. A composite slab consisting of different media is placed in front of a concave mirror of radius
of curvature 150 cm. The whole arrangement is placed in water. An object O is placed at a
distance 20cm from the slab. The R.I. of different media are given in the diagram. Find the
value of x such that image form on the object itself ?
R = 150 cm
µ = 1.5 µ = 1.0 µ = 1.5

µ = 4/3 µ = 4/3
45cm 24cm 54cm 10cm

(1) 10 cm
(2) 20 cm
(3) 30 cm
(4) 40 cm
8. A mark at the bottom of liquid appears to rise by 0.2 m. The depth of the liquid is 2 m. Find
out the refractive index of the liquid.
(1) 1.30
(2) 1.11
(3) 1.33
(4) 1.50
9. The observer at O views two closely spaced spots on a vertical
wall through an angled glass slab as shown. As seen by observer,
O
the spots appear.
(1) shifted upward slab
(2) shifted downward
(3) spaced farther apart
(4) spaced closer together
10. A glass slab of width ‘t’, refractive index ‘µ’ is placed as µ

shown in the figure. If the point object, moves with a 2cm/s
speed 2 cm/s towards the slab the speed observed will be
O
(1) 2 cm/s
(2) less than 2 cm/s
(3) greater than 2 cm/s t
(4) dependent on the refractive index of surrounding medium
11. Find the time taken by a monochromatic light to 45°

cross a transparent slab of width 2m and
R.I. = √𝟐 as shown in figure:
2√2 2m
(1) 3
× 10−8 s
4√2
(2) × 10−8 s
4
3 B
(3) × 10−8 s
3√3
4√2
(4) 3√3
× 10−8 s
12. A diverging beam of light from a point source S having s

divergence angle 𝛂, falls symmetrically on a glass slab as shown.

The angles of incidence of the two extreme rays are equal. If the
thickness of the glass slab is t and the refractive index n, then the
divergence angle of the emergent beam is i i
(1) Zero
n t
(2) α
(3) sin−1(1/n)
1
(4) 2 sin−1 ( )
n
13. Choose the correct ray diagram when a light ray cross the transparent glass slab in air.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4) None of these
14. One side of a glass slab is silvered as shown. A ray of light is incident on
the other side at angle of incidence i = 45°. Refractive index of glass is
given as 1.5. The deviation of the ray of light from its initial path when it
comes out of the slab is
µ
(1) 90°
(2) 180°
(3) 120°
(4) 45°
15. Light travels perpendicularly through a glass of thickness t and refractive index n. If c is the
velocity of light in vacuum, the time taken by light to travel through the plate is:
(1) t/nc
(2) ntc
(3) nt/c
(4) tc/n
16. A ray of light is incident on one face of a transparent slab of thickness 15 cm. The angle of
incidence is 60°. If the lateral displacement of the ray on emerging from the parallel plane is
5 3 cm, the refractive index of the material of the slab is
(1) 1.414
(2) 1.532
(3) 1.732
(4) None
17. A ray of light is incident on a parallel slab of thickness t and refractive index n. If the angle of
incidence 𝐢 is small, then the lateral displacement between incident and emergent ray will be:
 1
(1) it  1 − 
 n
ti
(2) n
i 1
(3)  1− 
t n
(4) none
Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Answer 3 1 3 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 4 1 3 1 3
Question 16 17
Answer 3 1
SOLUTIONS
1. (3)
 1
Shift S = t  1 − 
 µ
 1
S = 10  1 −  = 5cm
 2
Apparent distance = 40 – 5 = 35 cm
2. (1)
c 3  108 4
µg = = =
v 9 3
 108
4
c 3 108
µQ = = =2
v 1.5 108
 µ surrounding   4 /3 
Shift S = t 1 −  = 18 1 − = 6cm
 µ slab   2 
3. (3)
 1  1 
Shift S = t 1 −  = 2.1 1 − 
 µ  1.5 
S = 0.7cm
4. (1)
 1
Shift S = t 1 −  (In the direction of incident ray.)
 µ
5. (1)
h 2
Distance of meeting point of refracted rays will be = = 5 cm
 rel 1 / (5/ 2)
6. (2)
H 1 H 1 
Shift = 1 −  + 1 − 
2  µ  2  1.5µ 
Apparent depth = 50% of actual depth
H 1.5 
that means shift =
2
H 1 H 2 H H H H
1 −  + 1 −  =  = +
2  µ  2  3µ  2 2 2µ 3µ 
10
µ= = 1.67
6
7. (2)
Image formed on the object itself means light ray retrace its path.
 4 /3   4 /3   4 /3 
Total shift S = 45 1 −  + 24 1 −  + 54 1 − = 3cm
 1.5   1   1.5 
Now (x + 45 + 24 + 54 + 10) – 3 = 150
x = 20 cm
8. (2)
 1
Shift S = t  1 − 
 µ
 1
0.2 = 2  1 −   µ = 1.11
 µ
9. (1)
B'
A'
B O
A
slab
10. (1)
The speed of image observed by observer is independent of the glass slab.
11. (4) 45°

1sin45° = 2sinr
r = 30
r
Distance d t secr d 2m
Time = = =
Speed v c/
2  sec30 4 2
Time = =  10−8 second B
( )
3/ 2  10 8 3 3
12. (1)
s


i i
n t
i i
Glass slab produces zero deviation, so angle of divergence does not change.
13. (3)
Theory based.
14. (1)
45° 45°
µ=1.5
 = 180 – 2i = 90°
Parallel slab don't produce extra deviation.
15. (3)
Distance
Time =
Speed
t t µ=n
Time =
c/n
nt
Time =
c
16. (3)
t
d= sin(i − r)
cosr
15
5 3= sin(60 − r)
cosr
1 1
= [sin60 cosr − sin rcos60]
3 cosr
1 3 tan r
= −
3 2 2
r = 30°
By Snell' s law 1sin60° = µsin30°
µ= 3
17. (1)
t sin ( i − r )
Lateral shift =
cosr
For small angle of incidence, i is small so r is also small
i
sin (i – r) ≈ i – r
cos r ≈ 1 µ=n
t
Lateral shift = t (i – r) ……(1)
Now from snell's law
1 sini =  sinr
i = nr ……(2)
Put the value from equation (2) into equation (1)
 1
Lateral shift = ti 1 − 
 n
Total Internal Reflection DPP-14
1. Choose the correct statement regarding total internal reflection.

(1) Light travel from denser to rarer medium
1
(2) Critical angel (C) = sin–1(μ)
(3) Totally internally reflected ray has 100% intensity as that of incident ray
(4) All of the above.
2. If light travels a distance x in time t1 sec in air and 10x distance in time t2 in a certain medium,
then find the critical angle of the medium.
t2
(1) c = cos–1 ( )
10t1
10t
(2) c = cos–1 ( t 1 )
2
–1 10t1
(3) c = sin ( )
t2
t
(4) c = sin–1 (10t2 )
1
3. Calculate the critical angle for glass-air interface if a ray of light incident on a glass surface is
deviated through 15° when angle of incidence is 45°.
(1) 30°
(2) 45°
(3) 60°
(4) 90°
4. A ray of light travels from denser medium having refractive index √𝟐 to air, what should be
the angle of incidence for the ray to emerge out?
(1) i < 45°
(2) i > 45°
(3) i > 60°
(4) None of these
5. The speeds of light in two media I and II are 2.2 × 108 m/s and 2.4 × 108 m/s respectively. The
critical angle for light refracting form I to II Medium will be
12
(1) sin-1 11
11
(2) sin-1 12
21
(3) sin-1
24
-1 24
(4) sin 21
𝟒 𝟓
6. If the refractive index of water is 𝟑
and that of glass slab is 𝟑, then the critical angle of
incidence for which a light ray tending to go from glass to water is totally reflected is :-
3
(1) sin-1
4
-1 3
(2) sin 5
2
(3) sin-1 3
4
(4) sin-1
5
7. What should be the angle of incidence at A of the spherical glass placed in air so that grazing
emergence of light ray takes place at B?
(1) 30°
(2) 45°
(3) 60°
(4) 90°
8. A diver in a swimming pool wants to signal his distress to a person lying on the edge of the
pool by flashing his water proof flash light
(1) He must direct the beam vertically upwards
(2) He has to direct the beam horizontally
(3) He has to direct the beam at an angle to the vertical which is slightly less than the critical angle
of incidence for total internal reflection
(4) He has to direct the beam at an angle to the vertical which is slightly more than the critical angle
of incidence for the total internal reflection.
9. A small bulb is placed at the bottom of a tank containing water to a depth of 80 cm. What is
the area of the surface of water through which light form the bulb can emerge out :
(water = 1.33)
(1) 2.54 m2
(2) 3.71 m2
(3) 1.11 m2
(4) 4 m2
10. A ray of light from a denser medium strikes a rarer medium at an angle of incidence i. If the
reflected and refracted rays are mutually perpendicular to each other then what is the value
of critical angle?
(1) C = sin–1 (tan r)
(2) C = sin–1 (tan i)
(3) C = sin–1 (cot i)
(4) C = cos–1 (tan i)
11. A light ray is incident normally on the surface AB of a prism of refracting angle 60°. If the
light ray does not emerge from AC, then find the refractive index of the prism.
2 A
(1)  
3
2 60°
(2)  
3
3
(3)  
2
(4) None
B C
12. A glass prism ( = 1.5) is dipped in water ( = 4/3) as shown in figure. A light ray is incident
normally on the surface AB. It reaches the surface BC after totally reflected, if
B A

(1) sin  > 8/9

(2) 2/3 < sin  < 8/9
(3) sin   2/3
(4) It is not possible
13. A ray falls on a prism ABC (AB = BC) and travels as shown in figure. The minimum refractive
index of the prism material should be
A
90°
90°
B C
4
(1)
3
(2) 2
(3) 1.5
(4) 3
Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Answer 4 3 2 1 2 4 4 3 1 2 1 1 2
SOLUTIONS
1. (4)
Theory based.
2. (3)
x
vair t2
Refractive index  =
t1
= 10x =
vmedium 10t1
t2
1 10t1 10t1
also sinc =μ = t2
 c = sin–1 ( t2
)
3. (2)
 = i – r, 15° = 45° – r, r = 30°
air sin i = g sin r
1 sin45° = g×sin30°
1 1
= μg × 2
√2
2
g = = √2
√2
1 1
sin c = μ =
g √2
C = 45°
4. (1)
Angle of incidence (i) < critical angle (c )
1 1
sinc = =  C = 45°
μ √2
For ray to emerge out i < C OR i < 45°
5. (2)
R
sin c =
D
vD
sin c =
vR
In Denser medium speed is slow (2.2 × 108) whereas in rare medium speed in high (2.4 × 108)
2.2 108
sin c =
2.4 108
 11 
c = sin −1  
 12 
6. (4)
R
sin c =
D
4
  4
sinc =  3  =  c = sin −1  
4
  5
5 5
 
3
7. (4)
Refraction at B
 sinc= 1sin90°………(i)
Refraction at A
1 × sini = sinc………(ii)
from (i) and (ii)
 i = 90°
8. (3)
When incident angle is greater than critical angle, then total internal reflection takes place and will
come back in same medium.
9. (1)
h
Radius of circle of illumination ( r ) =
2 − 1
80
r= = 0.9 m
(1.33) −1
2
Area = r2 = 3.14 × (0.9)2 = 2.58 m2
10. (2)
The situation in accordance with the given problem is shown in figure.
Applying Snell's law at the boundary at C,
μ sin r′
D sin i = R sin r'  μ = μD = sin i
... (i)
R
But according to given problem, r' + 90° + r = 180°

r' + r = 90° i.e., r' = 90° – r or r' = 90° – i [as r = i]
sin(90 − i) cosi
o
So equation (i) reduces to = = = cot i ... (ii)
sin i sin i
1
But by definition, θC = sin−1 and from equation (ii)  = cot i
μ
1
So θC = sin−1 [cot i] = sin–1 (tan i).
11. (1)
A
60° > C
sin60° >sinC 60°
3 1 30°

2  60°
2

3
B C
12. (1)
For TIR
B A
 
  C
sin   sin C
1 C
sin C =
w µg
sin   8/9
13. (2)
1 1
sinC = ; sin 45° =
µ µ
= 2
Refraction Through Prism DPP-15
1. A prism ( = 1.5) has the refracting angle of 30°. The deviation of a monochromatic ray
incident normally on its one surface will be (sin 49° = 0.75)
(1) 19°
(2) 20°
(3) 18°
(4) 22°
2. A ray incident at 45° on one refracting surface of a prism of angle 60° suffers a deviation of
55°. What is the angle of emergence?
(1) 95°
(2) 45°
(3) 30°
(4) 70°
3. A prism (µ = 2) of prism angle 90º is placed in air (µ = 1). What should be the angle of
incidence so that light ray strikes the second surface at an angle of 60º?
(1) 45º
(2) 60º
(3) 90º
(4) None of these
4. A ray of light passes through an equilateral glass prism in such a manner that the angle of
𝟑
incidence is equal to the angle of emergence and each of these angles is equal to 𝟒 of the
angle of the prism. The angle of deviation is?
(1) 45°
(2) 39°
(3) 20°
(4) 30°
5. A ray is incident at an angle of incidence i on one surface of a prism of small angle A and
emerges normally from the opposite surface. If the refractive index of the material of the
prism is , the angle of incidence i is nearly equal to :-
(1) A/
(2) A/2
(3) A
(4) A/2
6. A ray of light is incident at an angle of 60° on one face of a prism of angle 30°. The emergent
ray of light makes an angle of 30° with incident ray. The angle made by emergent ray with
second face of prism will be :-
(1) 0°
(2) 90°
(3) 45°
(4) 30°
7. In question 4, the angle of refraction (r2) at IInd face of prism will be :-

(1) 0°
(2) 90°
(3) 45°
(4) 30°
8. In question 4, the angle of refraction (r1) at 1st face of prism will be :-

(1) 0°
(2) 90°
(3) 45°
(4) 30°
9. In question 4, the refractive index of material of prism will be (Given cos 15° = 0.9659)
(1) 1.33
(2) 1.5
(3) 1.414
(4) 1.732
10. Figure shows graph of deviation  versus angle of incidence for a

light ray striking a prism. Angle of prism is :-
(1) 30°
(2) 45°
(3) 60°
(4) 75°
11. A ray of light incident at an angle of 60° on a prism of prism angle is 30°. One of the two
refracting surfaces of the prism (A = 30º) is made a mirror inwards, by silver coating. A beam
of monochromatic light entering the prism from the other face will retrace its path after
reflection from the silvered surface then find out the refractive index of the material of the
prism.
(1) √2
(2) √3
(3) 3/2
(4) 2
12. Find out total deviation of the ray for a prism placed in air as shown in diagram.
(1) 30°
(2) 45° 75°
(3) 60° 45°
(4) None of these µ=
13. Total deviation of the ray for a prism placed in air as shown in diagram.
(1) 30°
(2) 60° 90°
air
(3) 120° 60°
(4) 240° µ=
60° 30°
Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Answer 1 4 3 4 3 2 1 4 4 2 2 3 2
SOLUTIONS
1. (1)
A = 30°
Ray incident normally on 1st surface
i = 0°  r2 = 30°
30°
r1 + r2 = A  r2 = 30°
e
Applying snell’s law on 2nd surface 30°
sin r2 = 1 × sine
3
2
sin 3 0° = sin e
e = 49°
 = e – r2 = 49° – 30° = 19°
2. (4)
Given
i1 = 45°A = 60° m = 55° i2 = ?
m = i1 + i2 – A
 55° = 45° + i2 – 60°
 i2 = 55° + 60° – 45° = 70°
3. (3)
r2 = 60° ; A = 90° ;  = 2
r1 + r2 = A
r1 + 60° = 90°
r1 = 30°
Using Snell's Law at first surface
1×sini = 2×sin30°
Front view
i = 90°
4. (4)
3A
i=e= 4
, A = 60° (equilateral prism)
3×60
i=e = 4 = 45°
 = i + e – A = 45 + 45 – 60
 = 30°
5. (3)
r2 = 0, (Normal incidence on 2nd surface)
 r1 = A
Applying snell’s law
A
1 × sin i =  sin A x
For small angle sin i  i, sin A  A P

 i = A
6. (2)
i = 60°, A = 50°,  = 30°
=i+e–A 30°
30° = 60 + c – 30° 60° r1

e = 0°
angle with 2nd surface = 90°
7. (1)
30°
60° r1
r2 = 0°
8. (4)
r2 = 0°
r1 + r2 = A
r1 = 30°
9. (4)
1 × sini = sinr
sin60° = sin30°
μ = √3 = 1.732
10. (2)
 = 30°, i = 15°, e = 60º
=i+e–A
30 = 15 + 60 – A
A = 45°
11. (2)
30°
=1
60° 30°
1 sin 60° =  sin 30°

  = √3
12. (3)
Snell's law at first surface Snell's law at second surface
1sin45° = 2sinr1 2 sin45° = 1sine
r1 = 30° e = 90°
r1 + r2 = A =i+e–A
30° + r2 = 75°  = 45° + 90° – 75°
r2 = 45°  = 60°
13. (2)
For Ist surface
1 × sin60° = 3  sinr1
r1 = 30°
r2 = 90° – 30° = 60°  90° 
air
sin60° > sinC (T.I.R.) 60° 60°
From IIIrd surface 60°
60° µ= 30°
3  sin30 = 1  sine

e = 60° 60°
1 = 60° – 30° = 30° C.W.

2 = 180° – 2 × 60° = 60° C.W.
3 = 60° – 30° = 30° A.C.W.
net = 30° + 60° – 30°
net = 60°
Minimum Deviation in Prism DPP-16
1. When lights rays are incident on a prism at an angle of 45°, the minimum deviation is
obtained. If refractive index of the material of prism is √𝟐 then the angle of prism will be
(1) 30°
(2) 40°
(3) 50°
(4) 60°
2. A parallel beam of monochromatic light is incident at one surface of a equilateral prism.

Angle of incidence is 55° and angle of emergence is 46°. The angle of minimum deviation will
be
(1) Less than 41°
(2) Equal to 41°
(3) More than 41°
3. The angle of minimum deviation measured with a prism is 30° and the angle of prism is 60°.
The refractive index of prism material is
(1) √2
(2) 2
(3) 3/2
(4) 4/3
4. The minimum deviation produced by a hollow prism filled with a certain liquid is found to be
30°. The incident light ray is also found to be refracted at an angle of 30° in the prism. The
refractive index of the liquid is
(1) √2
(2) √3
3
(3) √2
3
(4)
2
5. A given ray of light suffers minimum deviation in an equilateral prism P. Additional prism Q
and R of identical shape and material are now added to P as shown in the figure. The ray will
suffer
(1) Greater deviation
Q
(2) Same deviation
(3) No deviation P R
(4) Total internal reflective
6. A light ray is incident upon a prism in minimum deviation position and suffers a deviation of
34°. If the shaded half of the prism is knocked off, the ray will
(1) Suffer a deviation of 34°
(4) Not come out of the prism
7. When light of wavelength  is incident on an equilateral prism kept in its minimum deviation
position, it is found that the angle of deviation equals the angle of the prism itself. The
refractive index of the material of the prism for the wavelength  is, then
(1) √3
√3
(2) 2
(3) 2
(4) √2
8. The curve of angle of incidence versus angle of deviation shown has been plotted for prism.
The value of refractive index of the prism used is : 
(1) √3 70°
(2) √2 60°
√3
(3)
√2
2 i
(4) 40° 60° i1
√3
9. Under minimum deviation condition in a prism, if a ray is incident at an angle 30°, the angle
between the emergent ray and the second refracting surface of the prism is
(1) 0°
(2) 30°
(3) 45°
(4) 60°
10. A prism of refractive index  and angle A is placed in the minimum deviation position. If the
angle of minimum deviation is A, then the value of A in terms of  is
μ
(1) sin−1 (2)
μ−1
(2) sin−1 √ 2
μ
(3) 2 cos−1 (2)
μ
(4) cos−1 ( )
2
11. A prism of refractive index √𝟐 has a refracting angle of 60°. At what angle a ray must be
incident on it so that it suffers a minimum deviation?
(1) 45°
(2) 60°
(3) 90°
(4) 180°
12. A prism of refracting angle 60° has minimum angle of deviation of 30°, What must be the
angle of incidence for this case?
(1) 0°
(2) 90
(3) 45°
(4) 30°
13. When a ray of light is incident at angle of 35° on an equilateral prism. Then it passes
symmetrically. Calculate the deviation of the ray. (Symmetrically means parallel to base)
(1) 30°
(2) 15°
(3) 10°
(4) 45°
14. The angle of deviation () vs angle of incidence (i) is plotted for a prism. 
Pick up the incorrect statement
(1) The angle of prism is 60º 65º
(2) the refractive index of the prism is √3 60º
(3) For deviation to be 65º the angle of incidence i1 = 55º
i
(4) The curve of '' vs 'i' is parabolic. i1 60º 70º
15. The angle of a glass prism is 6° and its refractive index is 1.5. The angle of minimum deviation
will be.
(1) 6°
(2) 3°
(3) 12°
(4) None of these
Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Answer 4 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 4 3 1 3 3 4 2
SOLUTIONS
1. (4)
i = 45°,  = √2, A = ?
For minimum deviation A = 2r
Apply snell’s law
1 × sini =  × sinr
A
sin 45° = √2 × sin 2
 A = 60°
2. (1)
i = 55°, e = 46°,  =?
=i+e–A
 = 55 + 46 – 60   = 41°
m <   m < 41°
3. (1)
m = 30°, A = 60°,  = ?
A+δm 60+30
sin( ) sin( )
μ= A
2
= 2
60
sin sin
2 2
μ = √2
4. (1)
m = 30°, r = 30°,  =?
A = 2r = 60°
A+δm 30+60
sin( ) sin( )
μ= A
2
= 2
60
sin sin
2 2
μ = √2
5. (2)
Theory based
6. (3)
1 + 2 = 34 1
2
Both 1 and 2 are same
1 = 2 = 17°
Now we cut the shaded half
net = 1 = 17°
7. (1)
m = A,  = ?, A = 60°
A+δm 60+60
sin( ) sin( )
μ= 2
A = 2
60
sin sin
2 2
μ = √3
8. (1)
 = i + e – A (for minimum deviation i = e)
 minimum deviation = 2i – A
A = 2 × 60° – A  A = 60º
A+δm 60°+60°
sin( ) sin( )
μ= 2
A = 2
60° = √3
sin( ) sin( )
2 2
9. (4)
for minimum deviation condition
i = e = 30°
so angle between emergent ray and surface = 90–e
= 90 – 30° = 60°
10. (3)
Angle of prism = A, Refractive index = , m = A
A+δm
sin( )
μ= 2
A
sin( )
2
2A A A
sin 2 sin cos
μ= 2
A = 2
A
2
sin sin
2 2
μ
A = 2 cos−1 (2)
11. (1)
A = 60°, μ = √2, i=?
A
For minimum deviation r = 2
= 30°
By snell’s law
1 × sini =  × sin r
sin i = √2 × sin 3 0°
i = 45°
12. (3)
A = 60°, m = 30°, i = ?
for minimum deviation
m = 2i – A
30º = 2i – 60°
i = 45°
13. (3)
Condition of minimum deviation
i = e = 35°, A = 60°
m = 2i – A
m = 2 × 35 – 60 = 10°
14. (4)
 = i + e – A (for minimum deviation i = e)
 minimum deviation = 2i – A
60º = 2 × 60º – A   A = 60º

A+δm 60°+60°
sin( ) sin( )
µ= 2
A = 2
60° = 3
sin( ) sin( )
2 2
δ1 = i1 + e – A
65º = i1 + 70º – 60º  i1 = 55º
the  versus i curve is not parabolic
15. (2)
For thin prism
 = (µ – 1)A
 = (1.5 – 1)6°
 = 3°
Dispersion of Light DPP-17
1. Prism angle of glass prism is 10°. It's refractive index of red and violet colour is 1.51 and 1.52
respectively. Then its dispersive power will be.
(1) 0.015
(2) 0.020
(3) 0.011
(4) 0.019
2. Calculate the angular dispersion produced by a thin prism of angle 12° if refractive index for
red and violet colours are respectively 1.56 and 1.68.
(1) 1.44°
(2) 2°
(3) 2.05°
(4) None
3. Which of the following diagram show4s correctly the dispersion of white light by a prism?
V
(1)
V
(2)
R
(3) R
V
(4) V
R
4. A spectrum is formed by a prism of dispersive power ''. If the angle of deviation is ‘’, then
the angular dispersion is
(1) 
(2) 
(3) 1
(4) 
5. Dispersive power depends upon

(1) The shape of prism
(2) Material of prism
(3) Angle of prism
(4) Height of the prism
6. When white light enters a prism, it gets split into its constituent colours. This is due to
(1) High density of prism material
(2) Because  is different for different 
(3) Diffraction of light
(4) Shape of prism
7. The deviation caused in red, yellow and violet colours for crown glass prism are 2.84°, 3.28°
and 3.72° respectively. The dispersive power of prism material is
(1) 0.268
(2) 0.368
(3) 0.468
(4) 0.568
8. If the refractive angles of two prisms made of crown glass are 5° and 8° respectively, then the
ratio of their dispersive powers will be
(1) 1:1
(2) 2:1
(3) 4:1
(4) 1:2
9. White light is passed through a prism of angle 5°. If the refractive indices for red and blue
colours are 1.641 and 1.659 respectively, calculate the angle of dispersion between them.
(1) 1.09°
(2) 0.090°
(3) 0.90°
(4) 0.080°
10. When a white light passes through a hollow prism, then
(1) There is no dispersion and no deviation

(2) Dispersion but no deviation
(3) Deviation but no dispersion
(4) There is dispersion and deviation both
11. An achromatic combination is made by combining 2 prisms as shown.
If 1 > 2 then
A1
(1) Average deviation would be clockwise

(2) Average deviation would be anticlockwise A2
(3) Average deviation would be zero
(4) Cannot be predicted on basis of given information
12. White light is incident on the interface of glass and air as shown in the figure. If orange light
is just totally internally reflected then the emerging ray in air contains
(1) Red
(2) Yellow Air Orange
(3) Violet Glass
(4) Green White
13. With respect to air, critical angle in a medium for light of red colour [1] is , Other facts
remaining same, critical angle for light of yellow colour [2] will be :
(1) 
(2) More than 
(3) Less than 
θλ1
(4) λ2
14. A thin Prism P1 with angle 4° and made from glass of refractive index 1.54 is combined with
another thin Prism P2 made from glass of refractive index 1.72 to produce dispersion without
deviation. The angle of Prism P2 is
(1) 5.33°
(2) 4°
(3) 3°
(4) 2.6°
Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Answer 4 1 2 4 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 3 3
SOLUTIONS
1. (4)
v + R 1.52 + 1.51
y = = = 1.515
2 2
 − R 1.52 − 1.51 0.01
= v = = = 0.019
y − 1 1.515 − 1 0.515
2. (1)
 = V – R = (V – R)A
= (1.68 – 1.56) × 12 = 1.44
3. (2)
Theory based.
4. (4)

We know that  =   =  

5. (2)
 depend only on nature of material.
6. (2)
For different colours  changes so deviation of different colour is also different.
7. (1)
δV −δR 3.72−2.84
ω= δY
= 3.28
= 0.268
8. (4)
Dispersion power depends upon material.
9. (2)
As for small angled prism  = ( – 1)A,
B = (1.659 – 1) × 5° = 3.295° and R = (1.641 – 1) × 5° = 3.205°
so  = B – R = 3.295° – 3.205° = 0.090°.
10. (1)
Theory based.
11. (1)
(μV −μR ) (1.5318−1.5170)

ωcrown = = (1.5244−1)
= 0.028
(μy −1)
(1.6852−1.6434)
flint= (1.6499−1)
= 0.064
12. (1)
1
sin c =

V I B G Y O R
λ ↑ ; μ ↓ ; θC ↑
So
T. I. R Graze Refraction
V I B G Y O R
13. (3)
1
sin c =

V I B G Y O R
λ ↑ ; μ ↓ ; θC ↑
14. (3)
Without deviation net = 0
1 – 2 = 0
1 = 2
( y 1
) (
− 1 A1 = y2 − 1 A2 )
(1.54 − 1) 4 = (1.72 − 1) A2
A2 = 3
Refraction Through Single Curved Surface DPP-18
1. An air bubble in glass ( = 1.5) is situated at a distance of 3 cm from a spherical surface of

diameter 10 cm as shown in figure. At what distance from the surface will the bubble appear
if the surface is convex?
 = 1.5  =1
(1) 2.5 cm
(2) 3.5 cm
(3) 1.66 cm
(4) 4 cm
2. An air bubble in glass ( = 1.5) is situated at a distance of 3 cm from a spherical surface of

diameter 10 cm as shown in figure. At what distance from the surface will the bubble appear
if the surface is concave?
 = 1.5  =1
(1) 2.5 cm
(2) 3.5 cm
(3) 1.66 cm
(4) 4 cm
3. Calculate the value of refractive index () for the given situation.
(1) 3 
(2) 6
(3) 2
(4) 4
4. An object O in glass ( = 1.5) is situated at a distance of 5 cm from a spherical surface of

diameter 40 cm as shown in the figure. Find the distance of the image from the surface.
(1) 3cm
(2) 3.63cm  = 1.5
 =1
(3) 4cm
(4) none
5. There is a small air bubble inside a glass sphere (µ = 1.5) of radius 10 cm. The bubble is 4 cm
below the surface and is viewed normally from the outside as shown in figure. Find the
apparent depth of the bubble approximately.
(1) 3cm
(2) 4cm
(3) 7cm
 =1
(4) none  = 1.5
6. One end of a cylindrical glass rod ( = 1.5) in given in the shape of a concave refraction
surface of radius 10 cm. An air bubble is situated in the glass rod at a point on its axis such
that it appears to be at a distance 10 cm from the surface inside the glass when seen form the
other medium. Find the actual location of air bubble form the surface :
(1) 10 cm inside the glass
(2) 20 cm outside the glass
7. A mark on the surface of a glass sphere ( = 1.5) is viewed from diametrically opposite
position. If appears to be at a distance 10 cm from behind its actual position. Find the radius
of sphere
(1) 10 cm
(2) 8 cm
(3) 6 cm
(4) 5 cm
8. A clear transparent glass sphere (µ = 1.5) of radius R is immersed in a liquid of refractive

index 1.25. A parallel beam of light incident on it will converge to a point. The distance of this
point from the centre will be
(1) – 3R
(2) + 3R
(3) – R
(4) + R
Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Answer 1 3 3 2 1 3 4 2
SOLUTIONS
1. (1)
 2 1 ( 2 − 1 )
For the refraction at curved surface − =
v u R
1 (1.5) 1 − 1.5
(a) 1 = 1.5, 2 = 1, R = – 5 cm and u = –3 cm  − =  v = –2.5 cm
v (−3) (−5)
the bubble will appear at a distance of 2.5 cm from the convex surface within the glass.
 = 1.5  =1
2. (3)
1 (1.5) 1 − 1.5
(b) 1 = 1.5 , 2 = 1 , R = 5 cm and u = –3 cm  − =  v = −1.66cm
v (−3) (5)
the bubble will appear at a distance of 1.66 cm from the concave surface within the glass.
 = 1.5  =1
3. (3)
µ 2 µ1 µ 2 − µ1  1  −1
− =  − =
v u R 2R − R
  −1
 =  µ = 2µ – 2  µ = 2.
2R R
4. (2)
5. (1)
From spherical refraction
µ2 = 1 , µ1 = 1.5 , u = −4 , R = −10cm
µ 2 µ1 µ 2 − µ1
− =
v u R
1 1.5 1 − 1.5
+ =
v 4 −10
1 1 3 2 − 15 −13
= − = =
v 20 8 40 40
v  – 3cm
6. (3)
µ1 = 1.5 µ2 = 1
v = –10 cm R = 10 cm
−1 1.5 1 − 1.5
− =  u = – 30 cm
10 u 10
air bubble is actually located at a distance 30 cm from the surface and inside glass.
µ = 1.5
µ=1
u O
10 cm
R = 10 cm
7. (4)
µ1 = 1.5 µ2 = 1 u = −2R
µ 2 µ1 µ 2 − µ1
= =
v u R
1 1.5 1 − 1.5
− =
v −2R −R
v=–R
If in given that the image of mark in a distance 10 cm from object, so 4R = 2R + 10
 v = –4R
8. (2)
µ = 1.25 µ = 1.25
1st refraction
µ2 = 1.5
µ1 = 1.25 µ = 1.5
u = −
R = +R
6R
µ 2 µ1 µ 2 − µ1
= =
v u R µ = 1.25
1.5 1.25 1.5 − 1.25 µ = 1.25

+ =
v  R 1
v = 6R 2
µ = 1.5
2nd Refraction
4R
µ2 = 1.25 , µ1 = 1.5
u = 4R, R = –R
6R
µ 2 µ1 µ 2 − µ1
− =
v u R
1.25 1.5 1.25 − 1.5
− =
v 4R −R
5 3 1
− =
4v 8R 4R
5 1 3
 = +
4v 4R 8R
v = 2R (from the second surface, 2 image)
distance from centre = 2R + R = 3R
Lens DPP-19
1. The minimum distance between an object and its real image formed by convex lens is
(1) 1.5 f
(2) 2 f
(3) 2.5 f
(4) 4 f
2. A convex lens is used to form a real image of the object as shown in the figure.
1 2
4 3
Then the real inverted image is as shown in the following figure: –

1 2
(1)
4 3
2 1
(2)
3 4
4 3
(3)
1 2
3 4
(4)
2 1
3. Select the correct statement : -

(1) Converging lens always form real image for real object.
(2) Converging lens always form virtual image for real object.
(3) Diverging lens always form real image for real object.
(4) Diverging lens always form virtual image for real object.
4. In the diagram shown the velocity of image will be along
v
Object
2f f R
S Q
Image
P
(1) P
(2) Q
(3) R
(4) S
5. An object AB is placed parallel and close to the optical axis between focus F and centre of
curvature C of a converging lens of focal length f as shown in figure.
A B
2f f
(1) Image of B will be closer than that of A from the lens.

(2) Image of AB will be parallel to the optical axis.
(3) Length of image is equal to AB.
(4) Length of image is more than AB.
Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5
Answer 4 3 4 1 4
Lens maker’s formula & Lens Equations DPP-20
1. If the radius of curvature of the convex surface of a plano-convex lens is 18 cm and the
refractive index of material of the lens is 1.6, the focal length of the lens is?
(1) 18 cm
(2) 24 cm
(3) 30 cm
(4) 40 cm
2. A converging lens of focal length 20 cm and made of a material with refractive index 1.11 is
immersed in water (w = 1.33). The lens will behave as a: -
(1) Convergent lens of focal length 20 cm
(2) Convergent lens of focal length lesser than 20 cm
(3) Divergent lens
(4) Plane glass plate
3. A concave lens of glass, refractive index 1.5, has both surfaces of same radius of curvature R.
On immersion in a medium of refractive index 1.75, it will behave as a :-
(1) Convergent lens of focal length 3.5 R
(2) Convergent lens of focal length 3.0 R
(3) Divergent lens of focal length 3.5 R
(4) Divergent lens of focal length 3.0 R
4. A concave mirror and a convex lens ( = 1.5) both have same focal length in air. When they
are submerged in glycerine, the focal length (refractive index of glycerine = 1.46): -
(1) of both still remains unchanged
(2) of the mirror remains unchanged while that of the lens increases
(3) of the mirror remains unchanged while that of the lens decreases
(4) of both may increase or decrease
5. Double-convex lenses are to be manufactured from a glass of refractive index 1.55, with both
faces of the same radius of curvature. What is the radius of curvature required if the focal
length is to be 20 cm?
(1) ∞
(2) 5 cm
(3) 20 cm
(4) 22 cm
6. A double convex lens has focal length 25 cm. The radius of curvature of one of the surfaces is
double of the other. Find the radii, if the refractive index of the material of the lens is 1.5.
(1) 15 cm, 30 cm
(2) 25 cm, 50 cm
(3) 18.75 cm, 37.5 cm
(4) None of these
7. The radii of curvature of a lens are + 20 cm and + 30 cm. The material of the lens has a
refracting index 1.6. Find the focal length of the lens (a) if it is placed in air, and (b) if it is
placed in water (𝛍 = 1.33).
(1) 100 cm, 295.5 cm
(2) 50 cm, –50 cm
(3) 100 cm, –120 cm
(4) 100 cm, 222 cm
8. What is the refractive index of material of a plano-convex lens, if the radius of curvature of
the convex surface is 10 cm and focal length of the lens is 30 cm?
(1) 1.33
(2) 1.5
(3) 1.1
(4) None
9. A Plano-concave lens of refractive index 1.5 have radius of curvature 20 cm. Find the focal
length of the lens?
(1) 40 cm
(2) –40 cm
(3) 20 cm
(4) –30 cm
10. In Q.9 if lens is placed in a medium of refractive index (𝛍𝐦 = 𝟏. 𝟕), Find the focal length of the
lens?
(1) –100 cm
(2) 50 cm
(3) –40 cm
(4) 170 cm
11. An equiconvex lens of material of refractive index (𝛍𝓵 = 𝟏. 𝟓) having radius of curvature 20cm.
and focal length 50 cm in a medium of refractive index (𝛍𝐦 ). Find the refractive index of
medium.
(1) 1
(2) 1.25
(3) 1.33
(4) 1.6
12. An equi-concave lens of material of refractive index (𝛍 = 1.5) have focal length 30cm. Find the
radius of curvature of the lens?
(1) 30 cm
(2) 20 cm
(3) 40 cm
(4) 50 cm
13. Find out position and nature of image.
(1) 60 cm behind the lens, Real and Inverted

(2) 60 cm in front of the lens, Real and inverted
(3) 40 cm behind the lens, virtual and erect
(4) None of these

(2) 20 cm in front of the lens, virtual and erect
15. An object is located at 10 cm in front of a convex lens of focal length 12 cm. Find the position
and nature of image?
(2) 60 cm in front of the lens, virtual and erect
16. A convex lens has a focal length of 10 cm. Find the location and nature of the image if a point
object is placed on the principal axis at a distance of 20 cm from the lens.
(1) 20 cm on the side of the object, virtual
(2) 20 cm on the other side of the object, real


19. If the object is displaced through a distance 20 cm
towards the lens then the displacement of the image
will be.
(1) 84 cm
(2) 24 cm
(3) 36 cm
(4) 60 cm
20. A beam of light converge at a point P. Now a lens is placed in the path of the convergent
beam 24 cm from P. If the lens is a convex lens of focal length 40 cm the beam converge at a
point: -
(1) 8.5 cm
(2) 15 cm
(3) 30 cm
(4) None of these
21. In the above problem if the lens is a concave lens of focal length 36 cm then the beam
converge at a point: -
(1) 6.9 cm
(2) 72 cm
(3) 24 cm
(4) None of these
22. If an object is placed in front a convex lens of focal length 20cm. Such that lens form a real
image 30cm away from the lens. Find the position of the object?
23. An object is placed 15 cm in front of a lens, such that is real image forms 30 cm away from
lens. Find the focal length of the lens?
(1) 10 cm
(2) 30 cm
(3) 25 cm
(4) 20 cm
Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Answer 3 3 3 3 4 3 1 1 2 4 2 1 1 2 2
Question 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Answer 2 1 3 3 2 2 1 1
SOLUTIONS
1. (3)
μL = 1.6, R1 = 18 cm, R 2 = ∞
1 (μL −μm ) 1 1
f
= μm
(R − R )
1 2
1 1 1
= (1.6 − 1) ( − )
f 18 −∞
f = 30 cm
2. (3)
fair = 20 cm, μℓ = 1.1, μw = 1.33
1 (μℓ −μair ) 1 1
= ( − )
fair μair R1 R2
1 1 1
⇒ 20 = (1.1 − 1) (R − R ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
1 2
1 (μℓ −μw ) 1 1
fwater
= μw
(R − R2
)
1
1 1.11−1.33 1 1
fwater
= 1.33
(R − R ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2)
1 2
Divide (1) by (2)

fwater 0.11×1.33
=
20 −0.22
fwater = −13.3 cm, Diverging lens.
3. (3)
μℓ = 1.5, μmedium = 1.75, R1 = R 2 = R
1 (μℓ −μm ) 1 1
f
= μm
(R − R )
1 2
1 1.5−1.75 1 1
f
= 1.75
(R − −R)
f = –3.5 R, Diverging lens.
4. (3)
Theory based.
5. (4)
μℓ = 1.55 cm, F = 20 cm, R1 = R 2 = R = ?
1 (μℓ −μm ) 1 1
= ( − )
f μm R1 R2
1 1 1
20
= (1.55 − 1) (R − −R)
R = 22 cm
6. (3)
f = 25 cm, R1 = R, R 2 = −2R, μℓ = 1.5
1 (μℓ −μmed ) 1 1
= ( − )
f μmed R1 R2
1 1 1
25
= (1.5 − 1) (R − −2R)
1 0.5×3R
⇒ 25 = 2R
R1 = R = 18.75 cm
R 2 = 2 × R = 37.5 cm
7. (1)
R1 = +20 cm, R 2 = +30 cm, μℓ = 1.6
(1) placed in air: -
1 (μℓ −μair ) 1 1
= ( − )
fair μair R1 R2
1 1
= (1.6 − 1) ( − )
20 30
fair = 100 cm
(2) placed in water (μw = 1.33)

1 (μℓ −μw ) 1 1
= ( − )
fwater μw R1 R2
1 (1.6−1.33) 1 1
fwater
= 1.33
(20 − 30)
fw = 295.5 cm
8. (1)
f = 30 cm, R1 = 10 cm, R 2 = ∞
μℓ = ?
1 (μℓ −μmed ) 1 1
= ( − )
f μmed R1 R2
1 (μ−1) 1 1
30
= 1
(10 − −∞)
4
⇒μ =3 = 1.33
9. (2)
R1 = −20 cm, R 2 = ∞, μℓ = 1.5,
1 (μℓ −μmed ) 1 1
f
= μmed
(R − R )
1 2
1 1 1
f
= (1.5 − 1) (−20 − ∞)
f = –40cm
10. (4)
μmed = 1.7
1 (μℓ −μmed ) 1 1
f
= μmed
(R − R )
1 2
1 (1.5−1.7) 1 1
f
= 1.7
(−20 − ∞)
f = 170 cm
11. (2)
R1 = 20 cm, R 2 = −20 cm, μℓ = 1.5, f = 50 cm, μmed =?
1 (μℓ −μmed ) 1 1
f
= μmed
(R − R )
1 2
1 1.5−μmed 1 1
= ( − )
50 μmed 20 −20
⇒ μmed = 1.25
12. (1)
μℓ = 1.5, f = −30 cm
1 (μℓ −μm ) 1 1
f
= μm
(R − R )
1 2
1 1 1
= (1.5 − 1) ( − )
−30 −R R
R = 30 cm
13. (1)
u = −30 cm, f = 20 cm
1 1 1
v
−u= f
1 1 1
v
− −30 = 20
⇒ v = 60 cm, (Real inverted)
14. (2)
u = −10 cm, f = 20 cm
1 1 1
v
− −10 = 20
v = −20 cm (virtual and erect)
15. (2)
u = –10 cm, f = 12cm
1 1 1
v
−u= f
1 1 1
⇒v− −10
= 12
⇒ v =–60 cm (virtual and erect)
16. (2)
f = 10 cm, u = –20 cm
1 1 1
v
−u= f
1 1 1
− =
v −20 10
⇒ v = 20 cm (other side of object and real)
17. (1)
u = −30 cm, R1 = +20 cm R 2 = +30 cm
μ = 1.5
1 1 1
v
−u= f
…………..(1)
1 1 1
= (μ − 1) ( − ) …………..(2)
f R1 R2
From (1) & (2)

1 1 1 1
v
− −30 = (1.5 − 1) (20 − 30)
1 1 1
⇒ = −
v 120 30
v = –40 cm (virtual and erect).
18. (3)
u = −15 cm, f = −30 cm
1 1 1
v
−u= f
1 1 1
v
− −15 = −30
v = –10 cm (virtual and erect).
19. (3)
u1 = −40 cm, f = 15 cm
1 1 1
v1
−u = f
1
1 1 1
v1
− −40 = 15
v1 = 24 cm …….(1)
u2 = −20 cm
1 1 1
v2
−u = f
2
1 1 1
− =
v2 −20 15
v2 = 60 cm …….(2)
By value of v1 and v2
Displacement of image = 60 – 24 = 36 cm
20. (2) f
u = +24 cm, f = +40 cm

1 1 1
− =
v u f 0 P
1
−
1
=
1 
v 24 40
v = +15 cm
21. (2)
f = –36 cm
u = +24 cm
1 1 1
v
−u= f
P 
1 1 1
v
− 24 = − 36
v = +72 cm
24 cm
22. (1)
u =?, v = 30 cm, f = 20 cm
1 1 1
− =
v u f
1 1 1
− =
30 u 20
⇒ u = –60 cm
23. (1)
u = –15 cm, v = 30 cm, f = ?
1 1 1
v
−u= f
1 1 1
− =
30 −15 f
f = 10 cm
Transverse Magnification & Velocity of Image DPP-21
1. An equiconvex lens of focal length 10 cm. An object of height 2 cm is placed at a distance 30

cm from the lens. Then find out the nature and the height of the image
(1) 2 cm, real and inverted
(2) 3 cm, virtual and erect
(3) 1 cm, real and inverted
(4) 4 cm, virtual and erect
2. A diverging lens has a focal length of –20 cm. If the lens held 10 cm from the object, the
magnification is: -
(1) –0.667
(2) +0.667
(3) –2
(4) +2
3. A lamp is placed 6.0 m from a wall. On putting a lens between the lamp and the wall, at a distance
of 1.2 m from the lamp, a real image of the lamp is formed on the wall. The magnification of
the image is: -
(1) 3
(2) 4
(3) 5
(4) 6
4. An object of size 3 cm is placed 14 cm in front of a concave lens of focal length 21 cm. Describe
the image produced by the lens.
(1) Virtual, erect, diminished
(2) Virtual, erect, enlarged
(3) Real, inverted, enlarged
(4) Real, inverted, diminished
5. An object is placed in front of convex lens of focal length 10 cm if two times magnified image
is formed on screen then calculate the distance of object from lens.
(1) 15 cm
(2) 20 cm
(3) 30 cm
(4) 40 cm
6. A convex lens of focal length f produces a virtual image n times the size of the object. Then
what is the distance of the object from the lens.
f(n−1)
(1) n
f(n+1)
(2) n
n(n−1)
(3) f
(4) f(1 + n)n
7. An object is at a distance 60 m from convex lens of focal length 20 cm. The lens forms an image
of the object. If the object moves away from the lens at a speed 4 cm/s. the speed and direction
of the image will be.
(1) 1 cm/s toward the lens
(2) 2 cm/s toward the lens
(3) 1 cm/s away from the lens
(4) None of these
8. If an object is placed at a distance 20 cm from a concave lens of focal length 10 cm. And object
is moving with a velocity 18 cm/s towards lens. Find the velocity of image.
(1) 2 cm/s away from lens
(2) 4 cm/s away from lens
(3) 2 cm/s towards lens
(4) 4 cm/s towards lens
9. Find out velocity of image w.r.t lens.

f =10 cm
5 cm/s
O
10 cm/s
20 cm/s
(1) 15 cm/s
(2) 5 cm/s
(3) 10 cm/s
(4) 20 cm/s
Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Answer 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2
SOLUTIONS
1. (3)
f = 10 cm, u = –30 cm, ho = 2 cm, hI = ?
f h
⇒ m = f+u = h I
o
10 hI
⇒ =
10−30 ho
hI = −1 cm
Real & inverted
2. (2)
f = –20 cm, u = –10cm
f
m = f+u
−20 −20
⇒ m = −20−10 = −30
m = 0.667
3. (2)
u = –1.2m, v = 4.8m O
v 4.8
m = u = −1.2 1.2 m 4.8 m
m = –4
6m
4. (1)
ho = 3 cm, u = −14cm, f = −21 cm
f
m = f+u
−21 3
m= =
−21−14 5
m > 0, |m| < 1
virtual, erect and diminished.
5. (1)
Image on screen i.e. image is real.
f = 10 cm m = –2 (real image)
f
m= f+u
10
⇒ −2 = 10+u
⇒ u = −15cm
6. (1)
Magnification: m = n
f
m = f+u
f
n = f+u ⇒ nf + nu = f
f(n−1)
⇒u=− n
7. (1)
f 20 1
mt = = =−
f + u 20 − 60 2
VIL = m2t VOL 1 cm/s
O
1
VI − VL =
4
(
VO − VL ) 4 cm/s I
1
VI − 0 = ( −4 − 0)
4
VI = −1 cm/s
8. (1)
f 20 1
mt = = =
f + u −10 − 20 3
VIL = m2t VOL
1
VI − VL =
9
(
VO − VL )
1
VI − 0 = (18 )
9
VI = 2 cm/s
9. (2)
f 10
mt = = = −1
f + u 10 − 20
VIL = m2t VOL
(
VIL = m2t VO − VL )
VIL = 1 (10 − 5)
VIL = 5 cm/s
Displacement Method DPP-22
1. In the displacement method the distance between the object and the screen is 70 cm and the
focal length of the lens is 16 cm, find the separation between the magnified and diminished
image position of the lens.
(1) 25 cm
(2) 20.5 cm
(3) 30.5 cm
(4) 35. cm
2. A convex lens makes a real image 4 cm long on a screen. When the lens is shifted to a new
position without disturbing the object, we again get a real image on the screen which is 16 cm
tall. The length of the object must be
(1) 1/4 cm
(2) 8 cm
(3) 12 cm
(4) 20 cm
3. If a convex lens forms real image of an object, such that distance between object and image is
20 cm. Than what should be the maximum focal length of lens required.
(1) 10 cm
(2) 20 cm
(3) 5 cm
(4) 15 cm
4. In displacement method if focal length of convex lens used is 10 cm and distance between
object and screen is 50 cm. Find the distance between two position of lens.
(1) 10√5 cm
(2) 20 cm
(3) 5√10 cm
(4) 40 cm
5. What should be the distance between lens and mirror so that image formed on the object itself?
(1) 40 cm
(2) 10 cm
(3) 60 cm
(4) 30 cm
6. Where should an object is placed in front of the lens, so that light rays retrace its paths after
reflection from mirror?
f = 20 cm
(1) 10 cm from the lens

() 
7. A point object is placed at a distance of 20 cm from a convex lens of focal length 10 cm. If a
plane mirror were put perpendicular to the principal axis of the lens and at a distance of 40 cm
from it, the final image would be formed at a distance of:
(1) 20 cm from lens

(2) 20 cm from mirror
(3) 30 cm from lens
(4) 70 cm from mirror
8. Find out the value of d such that light rays retrace its path after reflection from mirror?
f = 20 cm R = 6 cm
d
(1) 26 cm
(2) 14 cm
(3) 32 cm
(4) 34 cm
9. A point object is placed at a distance of 60 cm from a convex lens of focal length 20 cm. If a
convex mirror of focal length 20 cm we put perpendicular to the principal axis of the lens and
50 cm from it as shown in figure. Find out the position of final image formed.
f = 20 cm f = 20 cm
60 cm 50 cm
(1) Final image formed 30 cm away from lens

Answer key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Answer 2 2 3 1 3 2 3 2 1
SOLUTIONS
1. (2)
Using displacement method
D2 −d2 (70)2 −d2
f= 4D
⇒ 16 = 4×70
d2 = 70(70–64)
d2 = 70 × 6 = 420
d = 20.5 cm
2. (2)
O = √I1 I2 = √4 × 16 = 8 cm
3. (3)
For real image
D  4f
D 20
Fmin = 4
= 4
= 5 cm
4. (1)
D2 −x2
f= 4D
(50)2 −x2
⇒ 10 = 4×50
⇒ x 2 = 2500 − 200
x = 10√5 cm
5. (3)
For image to form at A the rays after reflecting from mirror should retrace their paths.
For this image formed by lens must lie at centre of curvature of mirror.
So d = 2F + R = 40 + 20 = 60 cm
6. (2)
For final image to form at same position light rays have
to retrace their path after reflecting from plane mirror (i.e
incident normally on mirror)
Object must be placed at focus of lens

u = – 20 cm
7. (3)
For refraction from lens
1 1 1
v1
− −20 = 10
1 1 1
⇒ v = 10 − 20
1
⇒ v1 = 20 cm
For plane mirror
u = – (40 – 20) = – 20 cm
v2 = 20 cm (from plane mirror)
for refraction form lens (2nd time)
u2 = (40 + 20) = –60 cm, f = 20 cm
uf −60  20
v= =− = 30 cm
u+f −60 + 20
 v3 = 30 cm Final image
8. (2)
For that image at infinity light should retrace its path, that mean focus of lens and centre of curvature
of mirror coincide.
d = | fi – R| = 20 – 6 = 14 cm
9. (1)
Lens : u = –60 cm , f = 20 cm
u  f −60  20
v= = = 30 cm ( I1 )
u + f −60 + 20
I1 will behave as an object for mirror.
For mirror : u = –20, f = 20 cm
f = 20 cm f = 20 cm
u  f −20  20
v= = = 10 cm ( I2 )
u − f −20 − 20
I2 will behave as an object for
O I3 I1 I2
mirror.
For lens : u = –(50 + 10) 30 cm 30 cm 20cm 10cm
= –60 cm
60 cm 50 cm
f = 20 cm
u  f −60  20
v= = = 30 cm ( I3 )
u + f −60 + 20
So final image formed 30 cm away from lens.
Optical Power (Lens and Mirror) DPP-23
1. An object placed 20 cm in front of a convex lens has its image 40 cm behind the lens. Find the
power of the lens?
(1) 6.5 D
(2) 7.5 D
(3) 2.5 D
(4) –7.5 D
2. A biconvex lens (𝛍 = 𝟏. 𝟓) of focal length 0.2 m acts as a divergent lens of power 1D when
immersed in a liquid. Find the refractive index of the liquid?
(1) 1.6
(2) 1.46
(3) 1.33
(4) 1.5
3. A thin glass (𝛍 = 1.5) lens has optical power of –10D in air. Its optical power in a liquid
medium with refractive index 1.6 will be: -
(1) +1 D
(2) +2 D
(3) +1.25 D
(4) +2.5 D
4. The radius of curvature of convex surface of a thin plano-convex lens is 15 cm and refractive
index of its material is 1.6. The power of the lens will be: -
(1) +1 D
(2) –2 D
(3) +3 D
(4) +4 D
5. The distance between an object and the screen is 100 cm. A lens produces an image on the
screen when placed at either of the positions 40 cm apart. The power of the lens is nearly
equal to?
(1) 3 D
(2) 5 D
(3) 7 D
(4) 9 D
6. A double convex lens of glass of 𝛍 = 1.5 has radius of curvature of each of its surface is 0.2 m.
The power of the lens is: -
(1) + 10 D
(2) – 10 D
(3) – 5 D
(4) +5 D
7. An object placed 10 cm in front of a lens has an image 20 cm behind the lens. What is the
power of the lens (in diopters)?
(1) 1.5
(2) 3.0
(3) –15.0
(4) +15.0
8. A bi-convex lens made of glass (refractive index 1.5) is put in a liquid of refractive index 1.3.
Its power will be: -
(1) Decrease
(2) Increase
(3) Remains same
(4) None of these
9. A thin glass (refractive index 1.5) lens has optical power 5D in air. It's optical power in a liquid
medium with refractive index 1.6 will be: -
(1) 25 D
(2) – 25 D
(3) 1 D
(4) None of these
10. In the figure, an air lens of radii of curvature 10 cm (𝐑 𝟏 = 𝐑 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎 𝐜𝐦) is cut in a cylinder of
glass (𝛍 = 𝟏. 𝟓). The power and the nature of the lens is: -
(1) –6.66 D, Concave
(2) +6.66 D, Convex Air Glass
(3) ∞ Neither concave nor convex
(4) –2 D, concave
𝟑
11. Two plano-convex lenses each of focal length 10 cm & refractive index are placed as shown.
𝟐
𝟒
In the space left, water (𝐑. 𝐈. = ) is filled. The whole arrangement is in air. The optical power
𝟑
of the system is (in diopters): -
(1) 6.67
(2) –6.67
(3) 33.3
(4) 20
12. An object is placed at a distance of 10 cm from a coaxial combination of two lenses A and B in
contact. The combination forms a real image three times the size of the object. If lens B is
concave with a focal length of 30 cm, what is the nature and focal length of lens A?
(1) Convex, 12 cm
(2) Concave, 12 cm
(3) Convex, 6 cm
(4) Convex, 18 cm
Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Answer 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 1 4 1 1 3
SOLUTIONS
1. (2)
u = –20 cm, v = +40 cm ;
1 100 100 100 100
P = f = v − u = 40 − −20 =7.5 D
2. (1)
1 1
P1 = = = 5D
f1 0.2
P2 = −1D
P1 l − s1
=
P2 l − s2
5 1.5 − 1
=
−1 1.5 − s
s = 1.6
3. (2)
Pair (μlens −1)
Pliq.
=
(μlens −μliq. )
−10 (1.5−1)
⇒ Pliq.
= (1.5−1.6)
⇒ Pliq = +2D
4. (4)
R 15
f = (μ−1) = (1.6−1) = 25cm
100 100
∴P= f
= 25
= +4D
5. (2)
D2 −x2
f= 4D
(Focal length by displacement method)
(100) −(40)2
2
f= 4×100
= 21cm
100 100
∴P= = ≈ 5D
f 21
6. (4)
R
f = 2(μ−1)
2(μ−1) 2(1.5−1)
⇒P= R
= 0.2
= +5D
7. (4)
u = –10 cm, ν = 20 cm
1 1 1 1 1 3 20
f
= ν − u = 20 − (− 10) = 20 ⇒ f = 3
cm
100 100
Now P = = = +15D
f 20/3
8. (1)
Focal length increases so power decreases
9. (4)
5 (1.5−1)
⇒P = 1.5 ⇒ Pℓ = −0.625D
ℓ ( −1)
1.6
f1 aμg −1 1.5−1 0.5×1.6
fa
= ℓμg −1
= 1.5 = −0.1
= −8
−1
1.6
Pa 5
⇒ Pℓ = 8
=8
10. (1)
1  1   2  2 
f
= ( g a − 1)  R1 −  = −1
R2   3  
 10 
 1
⇒ f = – 15 cm, so behaves as concave lens.
1
P = f
= −6.66 D
11. (1)
4
Refractive index of water =
3
3
Refractive index of lens =
2
For plano-convex lens
R R
f=  10 =
(  − 1) 3/2 − 1
R = 5 cm
 4 /3 − 3/ 2 3/ 2 − 4 /3 
P = 0 + + + 0
 −R R 
 1 1  1 100
P= + = =
 6R 6R  3R 5  3
20
P= = 6.67D
3
12. (3)
Combination from three times magnified real image i.e. combination is convex lens.
Lens A + Lens B  convex lens
Convex + Concave f1 f2 feq
f feq
Magnification, m = = –3  = −3
f +u feq − 10
30
feq = cm
4
1 1 1 4 1 1
= +  = −
feq f1 f2 30 f1 30
 f1 = 6cm (convex lens)
Silvering of Lens DPP-24
1. Radius of curved surface of a Plano convex lens is 20 cm and refractive index of lens material
is 1.5. calculate equivalent focal length of lens if curved surface is silvered?
25
(1) cm
2
3
(2) − 20 cm
20
(3) − 3
cm
25
(4) − 2
cm
2. Radius of curved surface of a Plano convex lens is 20 cm and refractive index of lens material
is 1.5. calculate equivalent focal length of lens if plane surface is silvered?
(1) –20 cm
(2) 25 cm
(3) –30 cm
(4) 35 cm
3. An equiconvex lens having radius of curvature 20 cm. If one of its surface is silvered then find
out the equivalent focal length?
(1) –5 cm
(2) 6 cm
(3) 5 cm
(4) –6 cm
4. Find the focal length of given system?

(1) 5.13 cm
(2) 3.16 cm
(3) 4 cm
(4) 6.13 cm
5. A pin is placed 20 cm in front of the Plano-concave lens made of material
having refractive index 1.6. The surface of the lens farther away from the
pin is silvered and has a radius of curvature 30 cm. Determine the position
of the final image.
(1) –6.6 cm
(2) 10 cm
(3) 6.6 cm
(4) –10 cm
6. If one of the convex surface of an equiconvex lens is silvered then it will behave as: -
(1) Concave lens
(2) Convex lens
(3) Concave mirror
(4) Convex mirror
7. Find the power of the system?

(1) 5 D
(2) –5 D
(3) 10 D
(4) –10 D
8. The radius of curvature of the convex face of a plano-convex lens is 12 cm and its refractive
index is 1.5. The plane surface of the lens is now silvered. At what distance from the lens will
parallel rays incident on the convex face converge?
(1) 24 cm
(2) 12 cm
(3) 10 cm
(4) 6 cm
9. A pin is placed 10 cm in front of convex lens of focal length 20 cm, made of material having
refractive index 1.5. The surface of the lens farther away from the pin is silvered and has a
radius of curvature 22 cm. Determine the position of the final image?
(1) 10 cm in front of the silvered lens
10. An achromatic doublet of focal length 90 cm is to be made of two lenses. The material of one
of the lenses has 1.5 times the dispersive power of the other. The doublet is converging type.
find the focal length of each lens.
(1) 30 cm, –45 cm
(2) –30 cm, 40 cm
(3) 20 cm, 35 cm
(4) 20 cm, –40 cm
11. The dispersive power of material of a lens of focal length 20 cm is 0.08. Find the longitudinal
chromatic aberration of the lens?
(1) 1.2 cm
(2) 1.4 cm
(3) 1.3 cm
(4) 1.6 cm
12. What is the axial chromatic aberration in case of a lens which focusses violet ray 20.1 cm and
red ray 20.3 cm away from it?
(1) 0.3 cm
(2) 0.5 cm
(3) 0.7 cm
(4) 0.2 cm
13. The power of an achromatic convergent lens of two lenses is +2D. The power of convex lens is
+5D. The ratio of dispersive power of convex and concave lens will be: -
(1) 5 : 3
(2) 3 : 5
(3) 2 : 5
(4) 5 : 2
14. When light rays from the sun fall on a convex lens along a direction parallel to its axis: -
(1) Focal length for all colours is the same
(2) Focal length for violet colour is the shortest
(3) Focal length for yellow colour is the longest
(4) Focal length for red colour is the shortest
Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Answer 3 1 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 1 4 4 2 2
SOLUTIONS
1. (3)
P = 2PL + PM
2(μ−1) 2
P= R
+R
2μ 2×1.5 1
P= R
⇒P= 20
=–f
20 20
⇒ f =– 2×1.5 =– 3
cm
2. (1)
P = 2PL + PM
2(μ−1) 1
P= R
+∞
2(μ−1) 1
P= R
⇒ f = –P
R – 20
⇒ f = – 2(μ−1) = 2(1.5 – 1) = – 2 0cm
3. (1)
Pc = 2PL + PM
1 1 2
fc
=f −f ………….(i)
M L
R 20 R
fL = 2(μ−1) = 2(1.5−1) = 20 cm, fM = − 2 = −10 cm
Put values in (i)

1 −1 2 −2
= − = ⇒ fC = −5 cm
fC 10 20 10
4. (3)
1 1 1 −2−1
fℓ
= (1.5 − 1) (−10 − 20) = 0.5 ( 20
)
−20 40
fℓ = 0.5×3 = − 3
cm
R 20
fM = 2
= 2
= 10 cm
1 1 2 1 2
= − = − 40
fc fM fL 10 −
3
fc = 4 cm
5. (3)
PC = 2PL + Pm
(μ−1) (1.5−1)
PL = −R
= −30
−10
PL = D
6
100 −20
Pm = − 15 =3
D
10 20
PC = 2 × (− ) − = −10D
6 3
u = −20 cm, f = 10 cm
Using mirror formula
1 1 1
+ =
v u f
1 1 1 2+1
⇒v= 10
+ 20 = 20
⇒ v = 6.6 cm
6. (1)
Theory based.
7. (2)
PC = 2PL + Pm
1 1
PL = (1.5 − 1) ( − ) 100
−20 −30
−100 −5
PL = 120cm = 6 D
−100 20
Pm = −15 = 3 D
−10 20
PC = 2PL + Pm = 6 + 3 = −5D
8. (2)
R 12
feq = = = 12 cm
2(  − 1) 3 
2 − 1 
2 
This system will behave as a concave mirror of focal length 12 cm. 1.5
f = 12cm
R = 12 cm
F
Parallel incident rays will focus at a distance of 12 cm in front of the lens.

9. (3)
1 100
Pl = = = 5D
fl 20
1 100 R = 22 cm
Pm = = D
R /2 11
O
100 210
Peq = 2Pl + Pm = 2  5 + = D (concave mirror) 10cm
11 11
110
feq = − cm
21
So, u = −10cm
110
f =− cm
21
−110
−10 
uf 21 = −10  110 = −11 cm
v= =
u − f −10 + 110 100
21
10. (1)
f1 ω 2
f = 90cm, ω2 = 1.5 ω1 ∴ f2
= − ω1 =– 3
2
2
⇒ f1 = – 3 f2
1 1 1
By using + = we get f1 = 30 cm and f2 = −45 cm
f1 f2 f
11. (4)
Longitudinal chromatic aberration
= ωf = 20 × 0.08 = 1.6 cm.
12. (4)
Axial chromatic aberration
= fR − fV = 20.3 − 20.1 = 0.2 cm
13. (2)
P1 + P2 = 2D and P1 = 5D, so P2 = −3D
For achromatic combination
ω1 p −3 3
ω2
= (− p2 ) = − ( 5 ) = 5
1
14. (2)
1 1
f ∝ μ−1 and μ ∝ λ.
Focal length for violet colour is minimum

Defects of Eye DPP-25
1. When objects at different distances are seen by the eye, which of the following remain
constant?
(1) The focal length of the eye-lens.
(2) The object-distance from the eye-lens.
(3) The radii of curvature of the eye-lens.
(4) The image-distance from the eye-lens.
2. A normal eye is not able to see objects closer than 25 cm because

(1) The focal length of the eye is 25 cm
(2) The distance of the retina from the eye-lens is 25 cm the eye-lens and the retina beyond a limit.
(3) The eye is not able to decrease the distance between the eye-lens and the retina beyond a limit.
(4) The eye is not able to decrease the focal length beyond a limit.
3. A person can’t see an object kept at a distance beyond 100 cm. Find the nature and the power
of lens to be used for seeing clearly the object at infinity.
(1) 1 D, convex lens
(2) –1 D, concave lens
4. A near-sighted person cannot clearly see beyond 200 cm. Find the power of the lens needed
to see objects at large distance.
(1) 0.5 D, convex lens
(2) –0.5 D, concave lens
5. A myopic person has been using spectacles of power –1.5 D for distance vision find out the far
point of this person.
(1) 200 cm
(2) 10 cm
(3) 100 cm
(4) 66.7 cm
6. A man can see objects clearly only up to 3 meters. What should be the focal length of the lens
to see clearly up to 12 m.
(1) –4 m
(2) 0.25 m
(3) 33.33 m
(4) +4 m
7. The maximum distance up to which a man can see distinctly is 200 cm. What lens & of which
focal length he should use in order to see distant objects distinctly?
(1) Convex lens, + 200 cm
(2) Concave lens, – 200 cm
(3) Convex lens, + 50 cm
(4) Concave lens, – 50 cm
8. A person wears glasses of power – 2.5 D. Is the person farsighted or near-sighted? What is the
far point of the person without the glasses?
(1) Far sighted 40 cm
(2) Far sighted 30 cm
(3) Near sighted 35 cm
(4) Near sighted 60 cm
9. A normal eye has retina 2 cm behind the eye-lens. What is the power of the eye-lens when the
eye is in fully relaxed and most strained condition?
(1) +50 D, +54 D
(2) +44 D, +50 D
(3) +54 D, 60 D
(4) –50 D, –54 D
10. A near sighted person uses glasses of power –5D at 22 cm distance from eyes. If glasses are to
be replaced by contact lens then find its power.
(1) +5 D
(2) -4.54 D
(3) +4.54 D
(4) –5 D
11. A far-sighted person has a near point 50 cm away. What should be the power of a lens he
should use for eye glasses so that he can read a book at distance 25 cm.
(1) 2 D
(2) –2 D
(3) 4 D
(4) –4 D
12. A farsighted person cannot see objects placed closer to 50 cm. Find the power of the lens
needed to see the object at 20 cm.
(1) –4 D
(2) 3 D
(3) –3 D
(4) 2 D
13. In case of hypermetropia: -

(1) The image of near objects is formed in front of retina.
(2) The image of near objects is formed behind the retina.
(3) A concave lens should be used for correction
(4) A convex lens should be used for correction
14. A man who wears glasses of power 3D must hold a newspaper at least 25 cm away to see the
print clearly. How far would the newspaper have to be if he took off the glasses and still
wanted clear vision.
(1) 100 cm
(2) 200 cm
(3) 25 cm
(4) 33.3 cm
15. How far would the person have to hold a book to be able to read it while wearing reading
glass with a power of 2 D (Near point of a person is 90 cm).
(1) 30 cm
(2) 32.1 cm
(3) 34.6 cm
(4) 90 cm
16. A far-sighted person can see object beyond 69 cm clearly if separation between glasses and
eye lens is 3 cm, then find out the focal length of the glasses.
(1) 33.3 cm
(2) 38.5 cm
(3) 32.2 cm
(4) 40.2 cm
Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Answer 4 4 2 2 4 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 2
Question 16
Answer 4
SOLUTIONS
1. (4)
Theory based.
2. (4)
Theory based.
3. (2)
v = –100 cm, u = −∞
1 1 1
V
−u =f
1 1 1
− =
−100 −∞ f
⇒f=−1m
1
P = f = −1D , Concave lens
4. (2)
v = −200 cm, u = −∞
1 1 1
V
−u =f
1 1 1
−200
− −∞ = f
⇒f=−2m
1
P = f = −0.5 D , Concave lens
5. (4)
v =?, u = −∞ , P = −1.5 D
1
P= f
1 1 1
− =
V u f
1 1
− = 1.5
V −∞
V = – 66.7 cm
6. (1)
v = –3 m, u = –12 m
1 1 1
V
−u = f
1 1 1
−3
− −12 = f
⇒ f = –4 m
7. (2)
v = –200 cm, u = −∞ m
1 1 1
V
−u =f
1 1 1
−200
− −∞ = f
⇒ f = –200 cm, Concave lens
8. (1)
v =?, P = –2.5 D, u = −∞
1
f = = −40 cm
P
1 1 1
V
−u = f
1 1 1
V
− −∞ = −40
⇒ v = –40 cm, near-sighted.
9. (1)
v = 2 cm, u = −∞
1 1 1
− =
V u f
1 1 1
= − =
2 ∞ f
⇒ f = 2 cm
1
P = = 50 D Fully relaxed
f
V = 2 cm, u = –25 cm
1 1 1
V
−u = f
1 1 1
2
− −25 = f
50
⇒ f = 27 cm
1
P = = 54 D
f Most strained
10. (2)
P = –5 D
1
f = P = −20 cm
V = –22 cm
1 1 1
−22
− −∞ = f′
1
P = f′ = −4.54 D
11. (1)
V (New near point) = –50 cm
u = –25 cm
1 1 1
− =
v u f
1 1 1
−50
− −25
= f
f = 50 cm
1
P = f = +2D
12. (2)
1 1 1
v
−u= f
1 1 1
−50
− =f −20
1 3
f
= 100 cm
1
P = = +3D
f
13. (2)
Theory based.
14. (1)
1 100
P = 3D ⇒ f = P = 3
cm
v = ? (without glasses), u = –25 cm (with glasses)
1 1 1
− =
v u f
1 1 3
v
− −25 = 100
v = – 100cm
15. (2)
v = – 90cm, P = +2D, u =?
1
f = P = 50 cm
1 1 1
v
−u= f
1 1 1
−90
−u = 50
u = 32.1 cm
16. (4)
For correcting lens
u = −25 cm, v = −(69 − 3) = −66 cm
1 1 1
v
−u= f
1 1 1
−66
− −25
= f
f = 40.2 cm
Simple Microscope DPP-26
1. The focal length of convex lens in simple microscope is 5 cm. what will be its magnifying
power if image formed at least distance of distinct vision?
(1) 6
(2) 5
(3) 4
(4) 3
2. An object is seen through a simple microscope of focal length 12 cm. Find the angular
magnification produced if the image is formed at 60 cm away from the lens.
(1) 3.5
(2) 2.5
37
(3)
12
25
(4) 12
3. Angular magnification of simple microscope is 4 X. Find the position of the object.

(1) 5 cm
25
(2) 4
cm
(3) 6 cm
(4) 4 cm
4. A man with normal near point (25 cm) reads a book with small print using a magnifying glass : a
thin convex lens of focal length 5 cm. What is the maximum and minimum angular magnification
possible using the above simple microscope?
(1) 10, 5
(2) 6, 5
(3) 3, 2
(4) 3, 7
5. A man with normal near point (25 cm) reads a book with small print using a magnifying glass : a thin
convex lens of focal length 5 cm. What is the closest and the farthest distance at which he should
keep the lens from the page so that he can read the book when viewing through the magnifying
glass?
(1) –4.8 cm, –5.2 cm
(2) –4.2 cm, –5 cm
(3) –6.2 cm, –8 cm
(4) –9 cm, –2.9 cm
6. A card sheet divided into square each of size 𝟏 𝐦𝐦𝟐 is being viewed at a distance of 9 cm
through a magnifying glass (a converging lens of focal length 10 cm) held close to the eye.
What is the magnification produced by the lens?
(1) 7
(2) 9
(3) 10
(4) 5
7. In the above problem, how much is the area of each square in the virtual image ?
(1) 100 mm2
(2) 50 mm2
(3) 25 mm2
(4) None of these
8. In the above problem, what is the angular magnification (magnifying power) of the lens?
(1) 2.0
(2) 6
(3) 2.8
(4) 3.2
9. In the above problem, at what distance should the lens be held from the figure in order to
view the squares distinctly with the maximum possible magnifying power?
(1) 16.67
(2) 1.33
(3) 10.03
(4) 7.14 cm
10. In the above problem, what is the magnification in this case?

(1) 3.5
(2) 4.5
(3) 5.3
(4) 5.4
Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Answer 1 2 2 2 2 3 1 3 4 1
SOLUTIONS
1. (1)
D 25
M. P = 1 + =1+ =6
f 5
2. (2)
Given v = –60 cm
f = 12 cm
1 1 1
From v
−u= f
1 1 1
− 60 − u
= 12
u = –10 cm
D 25
M. P = |u| = 10 = 2.5
3. (2)
D
M. P = 4 = |u|
25
u= 4
cm
4. (2)
D 25
(M. P. )max = 1 + =1 + =6
f 5
D 25
(M. P)min = = =5
f 5
5. (2)
D D
(M. P)max = 1 + =u
f min
25 25
1+ 5
=u
min
25
umin = 6
= 4.16cm ≈ 4.2cm
D D
(M. P)min = f
=u
max
umax = f = 5 cm
Object is real so both the value of u is negative.
6. (3)
f 10
Linear magnification mP = f+u = 10−9 = 10
7. (1)
Ai = m2t A0
Ai = (10)2 (1mm2 ) = 100 mm2
8. (3)
u = –9 cm
D 25
M. P = |u| = 9
= 2.77 ≈ 2.8
9. (4)
For maximum, M.P V = –25 cm (Lest Distance of distinct vision)
D D
1+ f
=u
min
25 25 25×10
1+ 10
=u ⇒ umin = 35
= 7.14 cm
min
10. (1)
D 25
M. P = 1 + f
= 1 + 10 = 3.5
Compound Microscope DPP-27
1. Magnification produced by the objective of a compound microscope is 6, if the magnifying

power of the microscope is 36, then what is the angular magnification produced by the
eyepiece?
(1) 4
(2) 5
(3) 36
(4) 6
2. Magnification of a compound microscope is 42. Focal length of eye piece is 5 cm and the
image is formed at least distance of distinct vision. Find out the magnification of objective.
(1) 4
(2) 7
(3) 30
(4) None
3. Focal length of objective of a compound microscope is 4 mm and image is formed by

objective lens at a distance of 224 mm from it. If angular magnification is 550 then find out
the focal length of the eye piece if final image is formed at infinity.
(1) 2.5
(2) 3.5
(3) 5.5
(4) None of these
4. A compound microscope has an objective lens and eyepiece of focal length 2 cm and 6.25 cm
respectively, separated by a distance of 15 cm. How far from the objective should an object be
placed in order to get the final image at the least distance of distinct vision?
(1) 5 cm
(2) 3.5 cm
(3) 10 cm
(4) 2.5 cm
5. A compound microscope has an objective lens and eyepiece of focal length 2 cm and 6.25 cm
respectively, separated by a distance of 15 cm. Find out magnifying power of compound
microscope in order to get the final image at the least distance of distinct vision?
(1) –50
(2) –20
(3) –48
(4) None
6. The separation L between the objective (f = 0.5 cm) and the eyepiece (f = 5 cm) of a
compound microscope is 7 cm. Where should a small object be placed so that the eye is least
strained to see the image?
2
(1) 3
5
(2) 2
1
(3) 2
(4) None of these
7. The separation L between the objective (f = 0.5 cm) and the eyepiece (f = 5 cm) of a
compound microscope is 7 cm. Find the angular magnification produced by the microscope,
So that the eye is least strained to see the image?
(1) 15
(2) 25
(3) 55
(4) 50
8. The focal lengths of the objective and eye lens of a microscope are 1 cm and 5 cm
respectively. If the magnifying power for the relaxed eye is 45, then the tube length is
(1) 30 cm
(2) 9 cm
(3) 15 cm
(4) 12 cm
9. If the focal length of objective and eye lens are 1.2 cm and 3 cm respectively and the object is
put 1.25 cm away from the objective lens and the final image is formed at infinity. The
magnifying power of the microscope is
(1) 150
(2) 200
(3) 250
(4) 400
10. In a compound microscope object is placed at a distance of 6 cm from objective of focal

length 5 cm and focal length of eyepiece is 10 cm. Find out magnifying power of compound
microscope when final image is formed at least distance of distinct vision.
(1) –35
(2) –50
(3) –5
(4) –17.5
Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Answer 4 2 1 3 2 1 1 2 2 4
SOLUTIONS
1. (4)
M. P. = mo × me
−36 = −6 × me
me = 6.
2. (2)
D 25
me = 1 + f
=1+ 5
=6
M. P = mo × me
−42 = mo × 6
mo = −7
3. (1)
D 25
me = f = fe
e
For objective
v = 224 mm
f = 4 mm
Using lens formula
1 1 1
224
−u =4
−224
u= 55
mm
v 224
mo = |uo | = 224/55 = 55
o
M. P. = mo × me
25
550 = 55 ×
fe
fe = 2.5 cm
4. (3)
Vo = 10 cm Ve = −25 cm
uo = ? fe = 0.25 cm
fo = 2 cm 1 1 1
− =
1 1 1 Ve ue fe
− = 1 1 1
10 uo 2 − − =
25 ue 6.25
uo = −2.5 cm
ue = −5 cm
L = Vo + |ue |
15 = Vo + 5
Vo = 10 cm
5. (2)
fe = 6.25 cm
fo = 2 cm
L = 15 cm
O
Vo=10cm 5cm
uo
I
fo − Vo 1 1 1
mo = Ve = – 25 cm ; − =
fo Ve ue fe
2 − 10 1 1 1
mo = = −4 − − =  ue = –5 cm
2 25 ue 6.25
D 25
me = 1 + =1+ me = 5
fe 6.25
M.P. = mo × me = –4 × 5 = –20
6. (1)
Final image at ∞ so,
Ve = −∞ then
ue = – fe = −5 cm
V0 = L – |ue | = 7 − 5 = 2 cm
1 1 1 1 1 1
vo
− u = f ⇒ 2 − u = 0.5
o o o
2
uo = − 3 cm
7. (1)
M. P = mo × 𝑚𝑒
f − v o 0.5 − 2
mo = o = = −3
fo 0.5
D 25
me = = =5
fe 5
M.P. = –3 × 5 = –15
8. (2)
ℓD
M. P =
f0 fe
ℓ 25
45 = ×
1 5
ℓ = 9cm
9. (2)
f0 1.2
mo = =
f0 +u0 1.2 – 1.25
−1.2
mo = .05
= −24
D 25
me = fe
= 3
25
M. P = mo × me = −24 × 3
= −200
10. (4)
f0 5
mo = f = 5−6
0 +u0
= −5
D 25
me = 1 + f = 1 + 10
e
= 3.5
M. P = mo × me = – 5 × 3.5
= −17.5
Telescope DPP-28
1. A small telescope has an objective lens of focal length 144 cm and an eyepiece of 6 cm. Find
the magnifying power and separation between the objective and the eyepiece.
(1) –28, 146 cm
(2) –24, 150 cm
(3) 30, 138 cm
(4) –24 , 152 cm
2. The minimum magnifying power of telescope is M. If the focal length of its eye lens is halved.
The magnifying power will become
(1) M/2
(2) 2M
(3) 3M
(4) 4M
3. If tube length of astronomical telescope is 105 cm and magnifying power is 20 for normal
setting. Calculate the focal length of objective.
(1) 100 cm
(2) 10 cm
(3) 20 cm
(4) 25 cm
4. The focal lengths of the objective and eye lenses of a telescope are respectively 200 cm and 5
cm. The maximum magnifying power of the telescope will be
(1) – 40
(2) –48
(3) –60
(4) –100
5. The focal lengths of the objective and eyepiece of a telescope are 100 cm and 2 cm
respectively. The moon subtends an angle of 0.5 degree at the eye. If it is looked through the
telescope, then what is the angle subtended by the Moon’s image?
(1) 15°
(2) 25°
(3) 5°
(4) 50°
6. An astronomical telescope has an objective of focal length 200 cm and an eyepiece of focal
length 4.0 cm. If this telescope is used to see a 50 meter tall building at a distance of 2 km.
What is angular size of the final image formed in normal adjustment.
(1) 2.25 rad.
(2) 1.25 rad.
(3) 5 rad.
(4) 2 rad.
7. A small telescope has an objective lens of focal length 140 cm and an eye piece of focal length
5 cm. What is the magnifying power of the telescope for viewing distant objects when the
telescope is in normal adjustment (i.e. when the final image is at infinity)
(1) 13
(2) 7
(3) 6
(4) 28
8. In the Q. No. 7, the final image is formed at the least distance of distinct vision (25 cm) then
magnification will be: -
(1) 28
(2) 33.6
(3) 72
() 
9. In the Q. No. 7, what is the separation between the objective lens and the eyepiece?
(1) 145 cm
(2) 135 cm
(3) 105 cm
(4) 75 cm
10. In the Q. No. 7, if this telescope is used to view a 100 m tall tower 3 km away, what is the
height of the image of the tower formed by the objective lens?
(1) 2 cm
(2) 5.3 cm
(3) 4.7 cm
(4) 7 cm
11. In the Q. No. 10, what is the height of the final image of the tower if it is formed at 25 cm?
(1) 18.8 cm
(2) 32 cm
(3) 28 cm
(4) None of these
Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Answer 2 2 1 2 2 2 4 2 1 3 3
SOLUTIONS
1. (2)
fo = 144 cm, fe = 6 cm
−fo 144
M= = = −24
fe 6
Separation between lenses = fo + fe

= 144 + 6 = 150 cm
2. (2)
(M)min = M
f
M = − fo
e
f
If = 2e
fe′
f
M ′ = − fo′
e
M′ = 2M
3. (1)
Tube length = 105 cm, M = 20
fo + fe = 105 cm
f
−20 = − fo
e
fo = 100 cm
4. (2)
fo = 200 cm, fe = 5 cm
−fo f
(M)max =
fe
(1 + De)
200 5
(M)max = − (1 + 25)
5
(M)max = −48
5. (2)
fo = 100 cm, fe = 2 cm
β f
|M| =
α
= fo
e
β 100
|M| = =
0.5 2
⇒ β = 25°
6. (2)
fo = 200 cm, fe = 4 cm
ho = 50 cm, uo = 2 km = 2000 m
uo >>> fo ⇒ uo = ∞ (Assume)
50 1
α = 2000 = 40
β fo
|M| = =
α fe
β 200
= =
1 4
40
β = 1.25
7. (4)
fo = 140 cm, fe = 5 cm
f 140
M = − fo = 5
e
M = −28
8. (2)
Ve = −25 cm
−fo f
(M) = fe
(1 + De)
140 5
=− 5
(1 + 25) = −33.6
9. (1)
L = fo + |fe |
= 140 + 5 = 145 cm
10. (3)
uo = 3000 m
uo >>> fo
100 1
tan β = 300 = 30
I h
tan β = 140cm
1 h I
30
= 140cm
hI = 4.7 cm
11. (3)
Ve = −25 cm
1 1 1
Ve
−u =f
e e
1 1 1
−25
−u =5
e
25
ue = − 6
cm
ho h
25 = 25I
6
4.7 h
25 = 25I
6
hI ≈ 28

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Introduction to light DPP-01

1. Find the angle of reflection.

3. A ray of light making an angle 𝟏𝟎° with the horizontal is

5. A convergent beam of light is incident on a plane mirror as

7. What will be the nature of image in the given figure?

8. Find the nature of image in the given figure.

9. Find the nature of an object and image in the given figure.

(1) Real object, virtual image

10. Find the nature of object and image in the given

(1) Real object, virtual image

12. Can a virtual image be photographed by a camera. (Yes/No)

i = 90° – 30° = 60°

Line ABC make 180°

As Reflected ray goes vertical

1. Find the distance of image from mirror.

6. Find the coordinates of image

(1) (−5, −4)

8. Find the coordinates of image

Distance of image from camera x = √(6)2 + (1.5)2 = 6.18 m

Distance between object and image = 0.5 + 0.5 = 1m

Component which is perpendicular to the mirror will change &

10. (3) object

9. Find out total deviation of incident light ray?

(4) None of these

Deviation δ = 180 − 2 × 50 = 80°

70° 20° 20°

To retrace its path reflected ray should be rotated by θ = 40° (Anticlockwise)

As to make reflected ray vertical it should be rotated by an angle = 10°(Clockwise)

(1) 6iˆ + 2jˆ y

(2) 6iˆ − 2jˆ

(4) 4iˆ + 2jˆ

10. A plane mirror is moving with velocity 𝟒𝐢̂ + 𝟓𝐣̂ + 𝟖𝐤

moves with a velocity 𝟑𝐢̂ + 𝟒𝐣̂ + 𝟓𝐤

towards the object. The velocity of the image is:-

eye level 170

Relative velocity of image w.r.t. object

The magnitude of velocity of image relative to man normal to mirror will be

Perpendicular component of image

So, final answer VIF = 6iˆ + 2jˆ m / s

3. Find the number of images. M2

(4) 135 cm from mirror M2

So, total number of images = 8.

Total number of laterally inverted images are 4.

1. What will be the position and nature of the image.

2. What will be the position and nature of the image.

3. What will be the position and nature of the image.

4. What will be the position and nature of the image.

5. Select the incorrect statement from the following

6. A diminished virtual image can be formed only in

Find out the position, magnification and nature of the image.

(4) f, virtual, enlarged and erect

So, image will be virtual, erect and smaller than object

f = +15 cm, h1 = 4.5 cm, u = –12 cm

By using mirror formula

The focal length f = –15/2 cm = –7.5 cm

The object distance u = –10 cm. Then

The image is magnified, real and inverted.

The focal length f = –15/2 cm = –7.5 cm