Computer Science Syllabus
Computer Science Syllabus
Computer Science Syllabus
Version 1
Please check the syllabus page at www.cambridgeinternational.org/igcse
to see if this syllabus is available in your administrative zone.
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Key benefits
Cambridge IGCSE is the world’s most popular international
qualification for 14 to 16 year olds, although it can be taken by
students of other ages. It is tried, tested and trusted.
Learners apply their understanding to develop computer-based solutions to problems using algorithms and a high-
level programming language. They also develop a range of technical skills, as well as the ability to test effectively
and to evaluate computing solutions.
This qualification helps learners appreciate current and emerging computing technologies and the benefits of their
use. They learn to recognise the ethical issues and potential risks when using computers.
Cambridge IGCSE (9–1) Computer Science is an ideal foundation for further study in computer science.
Understanding the principles of computer science provides learners with the underpinning knowledge required for
many other subjects in science and engineering, and the skills learnt can also be used in everyday life.
Our programmes balance a thorough knowledge and understanding of a subject and help to develop the skills
learners need for their next steps in education or employment.
‘The strength of Cambridge IGCSE qualifications is internationally recognised and has provided
an international pathway for our students to continue their studies around the world.’
Gary Tan, Head of Schools and CEO, Raffles International Group of Schools, Indonesia
Cambridge IGCSEs are accepted and valued by leading universities and employers around the world as evidence of
academic achievement. Many universities require a combination of Cambridge International AS & A Levels and
Cambridge IGCSEs or equivalent to meet their entry requirements.
UK NARIC, the national agency in the UK for the recognition and comparison of international qualifications and
skills, has carried out an independent benchmarking study of Cambridge IGCSE and found it to be comparable to
the standard of GCSE in the UK. This means students can be confident that their Cambridge IGCSE qualifications
are accepted as equivalent to UK GCSEs by leading universities worldwide.
Cambridge Assessment International Education is an education organisation and politically neutral. The
content of this syllabus, examination papers and associated materials do not endorse any political view. We
endeavour to treat all aspects of the exam process neutrally.
‘Cambridge IGCSE is one of the most sought-after and recognised qualifications in the world. It
is very popular in Egypt because it provides the perfect preparation for success at advanced level
programmes.’
Managing Director of British School in Egypt BSE
Supporting teachers
We provide a wide range of practical resources, detailed guidance, and innovative training and professional
development so that you can give your students the best possible preparation for Cambridge IGCSE.
Support for
Cambridge
Training IGCSE Community
•. Introductory – face-to-face or online You can find useful information, as well as
•. Extension – face-to-face or online share your ideas and experiences with other
teachers, on our social media channels and
•. Enrichment – face-to-face or online
community forums.
•. Coursework – online
Find out more at
•. Cambridge Professional Development www.cambridgeinternational.org/social-media
Qualifications
Find out more at
www.cambridgeinternational.org/profdev
2 Syllabus overview
Aims
The aims describe the purposes of a course based on this syllabus.
Content overview
Sections Topics
Section 1 1.1 Data representation
Theory of computer science 1.1.1 Binary systems
1.1.2 Hexadecimal
1.1.3 Data storage
1.2 Communication and Internet technologies
1.2.1 Data transmission
1.2.2 Security aspects
1.2.3 Internet principles of operation
1.3 Hardware and software
1.3.1 Logic gates
1.3.2 Computer architecture and the fetch-execute cycle
1.3.3 Input devices
1.3.4 Output devices
1.3.5 Memory, storage devices and media
1.3.6 Operating systems
1.3.7 High- and low-level languages and their translators
1.4 Security
1.5 Ethics
Section 2 2.1 Algorithm design and problem-solving
Practical problem-solving and 2.1.1 Problem-solving and design
programming
2.1.2 Pseudocode and flowcharts
2.2 Programming
2.2.1 Programming concepts
2.2.2 Data structures; arrays
2.3 Databases
Assessment overview
All candidates take two components. Candidates will be eligible for grades 9 to 1.
1 The pre-release material for Paper 2 Problem-Solving and Programming is made available to centres before the exam. It is also reproduced in the
question paper. Candidates must not bring any prepared material into the examination.
Teachers should check the Cambridge Handbook for the relevant year of assessment for information on when the pre-release materials will be
available.
Assessment objectives
The assessment objectives (AOs) are:
AO1
Recall, select and communicate knowledge and understanding of computer
technology
AO2
Apply knowledge, understanding and skills to solve computing or
programming problems
AO3
Analyse, evaluate, make reasoned judgements and present conclusions
AO1 40
AO2 40
AO3 20
Total 100
Paper 1 Paper 2
AO1 53 20
AO2 27 60
AO3 20 20
3 Subject content
For Cambridge IGCSE (9–1) Computer Science, the assessment is by written examination but the learning should
happen in a mainly practical way: problem-solving and programming.
1.1.2 Hexadecimal
Candidates should be able to:
•• represent positive numbers in hexadecimal notation
•• show understanding of the reasons for choosing hexadecimal notation to represent numbers
•• convert positive hexadecimal integers to and from denary (a maximum of four hexadecimal digits will be
required)
•• convert positive hexadecimal integers to and from binary (a maximum of 16 bit binary numbers will be
required)
•• represent numbers stored in registers and main memory as hexadecimal
•• identify current uses of hexadecimal numbers in computing, such as defining colours in Hypertext Markup
Language (HTML), Media Access Control (MAC) addresses, assembly languages and machine code,
debugging
NOT AND OR NAND NOR XOR
A B C Output
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
•• produce a logic circuit to solve a given problem or to implement a given written logic statement
1.4 Security
1.4.1
Candidates should be able to:
•• show understanding of the need to keep data safe from accidental damage, including corruption and human
errors
•• show understanding of the need to keep data safe from malicious actions, including unauthorised viewing,
deleting, copying and corruption
1.4.2
Candidates should be able to:
•• show understanding of how data are kept safe when stored and transmitted, including:
– use of passwords, both entered at a keyboard and biometric
– use of firewalls, both software and hardware, including proxy servers
– use of security protocols such as Secure Socket Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS)
– use of symmetric encryption (plain text, cypher text and use of a key) showing understanding that
increasing the length of a key increases the strength of the encryption
1.4.3
Candidates should be able to:
•• show understanding of the need to keep online systems safe from attacks including denial of service attacks,
phishing, pharming
1.4.4
Candidates should be able to:
•• describe how the knowledge from 1.4.1, 1.4.2 and 1.4.3 can be applied to real-life scenarios including, for
example, online banking, shopping
1.5 Ethics
Candidates should be able to:
•• show understanding of computer ethics, including copyright issues and plagiarism
•• distinguish between free software, freeware and shareware
•• show understanding of the ethical issues raised by the spread of electronic communication and computer
systems, including hacking, cracking and production of malware
(Candidates are advised to try out solutions to a variety of different problems on a computer using a language of
their choice; no particular programming language will be assumed in this syllabus.)
2.2 Programming
2.2.1 Programming concepts
Candidates should be able to:
•• declare and use variables and constants
•• understand and use basic data types: Integer, Real, Char, String and Boolean
•• understand and use the concepts of sequence, selection, repetition, totalling and counting
•• use predefined procedures/functions
2.3 Databases
Candidates should be able to:
•• define a single-table database from given data storage requirements
•• choose and specify suitable data types
•• choose a suitable primary key for a database table
•• perform a query-by-example from given search criteria
Paper 1 Theory
This is a compulsory question paper, consisting of short-answer and structured questions set on section 1 of the
Subject content. All questions are compulsory. Candidates answer on the question paper.
This is a compulsory question paper, consisting of short-answer and structured questions set on section 2 of the
Subject content. All questions are compulsory. Candidates answer on the question paper. 20 of the marks in this
paper are from questions set on tasks provided in the Paper 2 Problem-solving and Programming pre-release
material.
Candidates need sufficient practical sessions within their lesson timetable so they learn the contents of the section
in a largely practical way. Candidates must program in a high-level programming language chosen by the centre.
The programming language must be procedural.
There is some examining of knowledge with understanding, but most of the credit is for using techniques
and skills to solve problems. The examination questions require candidates to have practical programming
experience, including writing their own programs, executing (running), testing and debugging them. Knowledge of
programming language syntax is not examined; in all cases the logic is more important than the syntax.
The Paper 2 Problem-solving and Programming pre-release material is available to centres before the examination.
It is also reproduced in the question paper. Candidates must not bring any prepared material into the examination.
You should check the Cambridge Handbook for the year candidates are taking the assessment for information on
when the pre-release materials will be available and where to access the materials
www.cambridgeinternational.org/eoguide
Candidates must develop solutions to tasks using a high-level programming language, such as Visual Basic, Pascal/
Delphi or Python. The purpose of the pre-release material tasks is to direct candidates to some of the topics which
will be examined in Paper 2. Teachers should incorporate these tasks into their lessons and give support in finding
methods and reaching solutions. 20 of the marks in this paper are from questions testing candidates’ understanding
gained from developing programmed solutions to these tasks.
Hardware
Learners need to have access to a system with direct-access file capability on backing store and hardcopy facilities.
Software
Learners must have experience of using a high-level programming language, such as Visual Basic, Pascal/Delphi or
Python, chosen by the centre.
Practical skills
Computer science is a practical subject and a range of practical exercises must be integral to the teaching of this
qualification.
It is important that, as early as possible in the course, learners develop a systematic approach to practical problem-
solving using appropriate resources.
This section is an overview of other information you need to know about this syllabus. It will help to share the
administrative information with your exams officer so they know when you will need their support. Find more
information about our administrative processes at www.cambridgeinternational.org/eoguide
You can view the timetable for your administrative zone at www.cambridgeinternational.org/timetables
You can enter candidates in the June and November exam series.
Check you are using the syllabus for the year the candidate is taking the exam.
Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge IGCSE (9–1) and Cambridge O Level syllabuses are at the same level.
Making entries
Exams officers are responsible for submitting entries to Cambridge International. We encourage them to work
closely with you to make sure they enter the right number of candidates for the right combination of syllabus
components. Entry option codes and instructions for submitting entries are in the Cambridge Guide to Making
Entries. Your exams officer has a copy of this guide.
Exam administration
To keep our exams secure, we produce question papers for different areas of the world, known as administrative
zones. We allocate all Cambridge schools to one administrative zone determined by their location. Each zone has
a specific timetable. Some of our syllabuses offer candidates different assessment options. An entry option code
is used to identify the components the candidate will take relevant to the administrative zone and the available
assessment options.
Pre-release materials
This syllabus has pre-release material.
You should check the Cambridge Handbook for the year candidates are taking the assessment for information
on when the pre-release materials will be available and where to access the materials
www.cambridgeinternational.org/eoguide
You may need access to the School Support Hub, our secure online site, which is at
www.cambridgeinternational.org/support
The site is password protected. Please contact your school coordinator for instructions on how to access the School
Support Hub.
Retakes
Candidates can retake the whole qualification as many times as they want to. This is a linear qualification so
candidates cannot re-sit individual components.
The standard assessment arrangements may present unnecessary barriers for candidates with disabilities or learning
difficulties. We can put arrangements in place for these candidates to enable them to access the assessments and
receive recognition of their attainment. We do not agree access arrangements if they give candidates an unfair
advantage over others or if they compromise the standards being assessed.
Candidates who cannot access the assessment of any component may be able to receive an award based on the
parts of the assessment they have completed.
Language
This syllabus and the related assessment materials are available in English only.
9 is the highest and 1 is the lowest. ‘Ungraded’ means that the candidate’s performance did not meet the standard
required for grade 1. ‘Ungraded’ is reported on the statement of results but not on the certificate. In specific
circumstances your candidates may see one of the following letters on their statement of results:
•• Q (pending)
•• X (no result)
•• Y (to be issued).
These letters do not appear on the certificate.
Grade descriptions
Grade descriptions are provided to give an indication of the standards of achievement candidates awarded
particular grades are likely to show. Weakness in one aspect of the examination may be balanced by a better
performance in some other aspect.
Grade descriptions for Cambridge IGCSE (9–1) Computer Science will be published after the first assessment of the
syllabus in 2020. Find more information at www.cambridgeinternational.org/igcse
You are strongly advised to read the whole syllabus before planning your teaching programme.
Any textbooks endorsed to support the syllabus for examination from 2016 are still suitable for use
with this syllabus.