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Name Defination Eytmology Diagram

No
v1. Cortex The cortex is The Latin
the outer layer word “cortex”
of the kidney, means “bark,”
and is and is derived
composed of from the
the renal Greek word
corpuscle, “kortēx.”
proximal
convoluted
tubule, loops
of Henle,
distal
convoluted
tubule, and
collecting
ducts.
2. Collecting Collecting Collecting
duct duct is a type duct is
of kidney derived from
tubule that is the Latin
responsible word
for the “collectus”
collection of which means
urine from the “to gather”.
nephrons and
transporting it
to the ureter.
3. Convulated A convoluted The term
tubule (coiled) tubule "convoluted"
is surrounded is derived
by a from the Latin
glomerulus, a verb convolve
network of which means
capillaries "to roll
where together".
filtration of
the blood
occurs. It
carries the
filtrate as it
passes
through the
renal cortex
and medulla

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 before being
excreted.
4. Medulla Medulla is the The word
innermost part medulla
of an organ, comes from
such as the the Latin
kidney, which word medulla,
contains a meaning
network of marrow or
small tubules pith.
and blood
vessels. It is
responsible
for the
production of
hormones and
other
substances
that regulate
various bodily
functions.
5. Interlobular The Interlobular
artery interlobular comes from
artery is a the Latin inter
branch of the meaning
renal artery "between" and
that supplies lobulus
the meaning
interlobular "little lobe".
septae and Artery comes
glomeruli of from the Latin
the kidneys. arteria
meaning
"windpipe".

6. Juxtamedulla A The term

ry Nephron juxtamedullar juxtamedullar
y nephron is y nephron is
located in the derived from
cortex near the Latin
the medulla, words “juxta”,
and has a long meaning near
loop of Henle or adjacent,
which allows and
for maximal “medulla”,
reabsorption meaning

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 and waste marrow or
filtration. It is inner core.
responsible
for regulating
the body’s
water,
electrolytes,
and acid-base
balance.
7. Sinus Sinus is a The
cavity in the etymology of
renal pelvis, the word sinus
where urine comes from
collects and isthe Latin
carried away sinus meaning
from the “curve, bend,
kidney. or bay.” In
medical
terms, a sinus
is a cavity or
pocket.
8. Inner The inner The term
medulla medulla of the inner medulla
kidney is the is derived
innermost from the Latin
layer of the word
kidney, "medulla"
located meaning core
between the or marrow.
cortex and the
pelvis. It is
composed of
several
regions that
contain loops
of the
nephron, the
functional
units of the
kidney.

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9. Loop of The Loop of The term
Henle Henle is a U- “Loop of
shaped Henle” was
structure named after
located in the the German
nephron of the physiologist,
kidney. It is Friedrich
responsible Gustav Jacob
for regulating Henle (1809-
the water 1885).
balance of the
body by
reabsorbing
water and
electrolytes
and secreting
hydrogen
ions.
10. Hilus The hilus is The word
the indented hilus comes
area on the from the Latin
medial aspect word hilum,
of the kidney meaning
where the “little hole”.
renal artery
and vein, as
well as the
ureter, enter
and exit the
kidney.
11. Outer The outer The term
Medulla medulla is the medulla
outermost comes from
layer of the the Latin
kidney, and is word for
composed of “marrow”.
the outer
stripe of the
medulla and
the inner
stripe of the
cortex.

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12. Column of The Columns It is named
Bertin of Bertin, also after the
known as the French
Medullary anatomist
Columns of Antoine
Bertin, are Claude Bertin
two bundles (1712-1786).
of vessels that
run between
the renal
pyramids of
the renal
medulla and
the renal
cortex.
13. Renal Artery The renal The word
artery is a "renal" is
blood vessel derived from
that supplies the Latin
oxygen-rich word "renes"
blood to the meaning
kidneys "kidneys",
and "artery" is
derived from
the Latin
word "arteria"
meaning
"windpipe, air
passage".
Thus, the
literal
meaning of
"renal artery"
is "kidney air
passage".
14. Inner Stripe The inner The term
stripe is a thin inner stripe
layer of cells has its origins
that separates in the Latin
the cortex word stripa,
from the which
medulla, translates to
which is the "striped". It is
inner layer of used to
the kidneys. It describe the
is made up of inner edge of

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 a group of the renal
cells that are cortex, which
specialized to is the outer
absorb and layer of the
filter fluids kidneys.
and
electrolytes
from the
blood.
15. Bowman’s Bowman's Named after
Capsule capsule is a Sir William
capsule-like Bowman
sac (1816-1892),
surrounding an English
the surgeon and
glomerulus of anatomist.
the nephron in
the vertebrate
kidney. It
consists of
two layers; an
outer layer
called the
parietal layer
and an inner
layer called
the visceral
layer.
16. Renal Vein The renal vein Renal is
is a large derived from
blood vessel the Latin
that carries word renalis,
oxygen-rich meaning "of
blood away or pertaining
from the to the
kidneys. kidney".

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17. Outer Stripe The outer The term
stripe is a "outer stripe"
band of tissue is derived
found in the from the Latin
outer region word "stripe",
of the kidney, which means
just below the a "long, thin
capsule. It line".
consists of
small, tightly
packed cells
that form an
outer layer of
the kidney
and helps to
regulate the
flow of blood
in the body.
18. Peri-tubular Peri-tubular Peri-tubular
Capillaries capillaries are comes from
capillaries that the Latin
are located prefix peri-,
near the meaning
tubules of the “around”, and
kidneys. the Latin root
These tubulus,
capillaries meaning
form a “small tube”.
network of
tiny blood
vessels that
allow
nutrients and
wastes to pass
between the
tubules and
the rest of the
body.

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19. Pelvis The renal The word
pelvis is the pelvis is
large, hollow derived from
structure at the Latin
the center of word pelvis,
the kidney. It meaning
is the funnel- basin.
like structure
that collects
urine from the
kidney and
transports it to
the ureter.
20. Glomeruli Renal From Latin
Glomeruli are glomerulus
small clusters meaning
of capillaries ‘little ball’.
in the kidney
that filter
waste and
excess fluid
from the
blood.
21. Vasa Recta A series of Latin,
capillaries that meaning
extend from "straight
the loop of vessels"
Henle in the
kidney, which
serves to
absorb water
and solutes
from the
filtrate.

22. Ureter The ureter is a Late Middle

tube that English
carries urine (denoting a
from the duct or
kidney to the channel):
bladder. from Latin
ureter, from
Greek ourētēr,
from ourein
‘urinate’.

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23. Segmental Segmental The term
Arteries Arteries are "segmental" is
branches of derived from
the renal the Latin
arteries that word
provide blood segmentum
supply to the which means
different "a part or
segments of portion".
the kidney.
24. Glomerular Glomerular Glomerular
Filtration Filtration Rate comes from
Rate (GFR) is a the Latin
measure of glomus,
how much meaning “ball
blood passes or knot of
through the thread”, and
glomeruli in the suffix -
the kidneys ular means
per minute. It “pertaining
is used to to”.
assess kidney
function and
diagnose
kidney
disease.
25. Pyramids Pyramids are The word
the cone- pyramid
shaped derives from
structures on the Greek
the renal word pyr
cortex, which ("fire") and
are composed amis ("base"),
of collecting which roughly
ducts and translates to
connect with "fire base".
the renal
papillae.

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26. Interlobar An artery that From the
Artery supplies blood Latin inter
to the meaning
interlobar "between" and
spaces of the lobar meaning
kidney. "lobes,"
interlobar
refers to
something
between
lobes.
27. Active Active tubular Active tubular
Tubular secretion is secretion is
Secretion the process by derived from
which certain the Latin
molecules are word
actively "secernere,"
transported which means
out of the to separate or
cells of the distinguish.
kidneys and
into the
tubular fluid
of the urinary
tract. This
process is
essential for
maintaining
electrolyte
and acid-base
balance in the
body.
28. Calyx In anatomy, The word
the calyx is a calyx comes
collective from the
term used to Greek word
refer to the kalux
small cavities meaning
of the kidney “cup,”
that collect “bowl,” or
urine before it “goblet.”
is sent to the
ureter.

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