SSC LM Q4 Week 56 Lesson4
SSC LM Q4 Week 56 Lesson4
SSC LM Q4 Week 56 Lesson4
Department of Education
National Capital Region
Illustrative Examples:
1. Find the equation of the tangent line and the normal line to the parabola 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 3 at point
(2, −3).
Solution
a. Find the derivative
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 3
𝑦 ′ = 2𝑥 − 5
b. Find the slope of the tangent line at 𝑥 = 2
𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = 2𝑥 − 5
𝑚 = 2𝑥 − 5
𝑚 = 2 (2) − 5
𝑚 = −1
c. Find the equation of the tangent line using the point-slope formula
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚 (𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
𝑦 − (−3) = −1 (𝑥 − 2)
𝑦 + 3 = −𝑥 + 2
𝑦 = −𝑥 + 2 − 3
𝑦 = −𝑥 − 1 (𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒)
1
𝑚𝑛 = − ( )
−1
𝑚𝑛 = 1
e. Find the equation of the normal line
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚 (𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
𝑦 − (−3) = 1 (𝑥 − 2)
𝑦+3= 𝑥−2
𝑦 = 𝑥−2−3
𝑦 = 𝑥 − 5 (𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒)
2. Find the equation of the tangent line and the normal line to the parabola 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 1 at point
(3, 2).
Solution
a. Find the derivative
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 1
𝑦 ′ = 2𝑥 − 2
b. Find the slope of the tangent line at 𝑥 = 3
𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = 2𝑥 − 2
𝑚 = 2𝑥 − 2
𝑚 = 2 (3) − 2
𝑚= 4
c. Find the equation of the tangent line using the point-slope formula
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚 (𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
𝑦 − (2) = 4 (𝑥 − 3)
𝑦 − 2 = 4𝑥 − 12
𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 12 + 2
𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 10 (𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒)
d. Find the slope of the normal line
1
𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑚𝑛 =
𝑚
1
𝑚𝑛 = − ( )
4
4 (𝑦 − 2) = −1(𝑥 − 3)
4𝑦 − 8 = −𝑥 + 3
4𝑦 = −𝑥 + 3 + 8
4𝑦 = −𝑥 + 11
1 11
𝑦= − 𝑥+ (𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒)
4 4
2. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 4 𝑎𝑡 (1, 5)
3. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 − 2 𝑎𝑡 (−2, −4)
4. 𝑦 = 4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 4 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 = 1
Reference:
Next Century, Mathematics Basic Calculus, pp. 44 - 54, .Jesus P. Mercado. Phoenix Publishing House