Disaster Recovery 2nd Phillips Solution Manual

Disaster Recovery 2nd Phillips
Full chapter at: https://testbankbell.com/product/disaster-recovery-2nd-phillips-solution-manual/
Chapter Two
Theory
Learning Objectives
• Provide an overview of the major conceptual and theoretical
perspectives used in disaster recovery research.
• Apply concepts and theories to understand how disaster recovery
could be approached.
• Use concepts and theories to identify potential barriers to recovery.
• Demonstrate an understanding of key principles to promote a
sustainable recovery.
Key Terms
• Disaster Resilience • Mitigation
• Dominant Paradigm • Non-structural Mitigation
• Structural Mitigation
• Economic Vitality
• Participatory Recovery
• Emergent Norm Theory
• Quality of life
• Environmental Quality
• Resilience
• Equity
• Socio-political Ecology Theory
• Feminist Theory
• Sustainability
• Holistic Recovery
• Systems Theory
• Vulnerability Theory
Case Study: Haiti Earthquake, 2010
• 7.0 magnitude on the Richter scale
• Capitol city, Port-au-Prince, sustains major damage
• An estimated 316,000 deaths and 300,000 injuries (many severe)
• Loss of 100,000 homes
• 1.5 million people in 1,354 relief areas
• Disaster Recovery challenges
• Port and airport damage; hospitals destroyed; schools closed; elected
and appointed officials killed; community resources devastated; roads
inaccessible; violence against women and children; job losses; cholera
outbreak.
Causes of Haiti’s Earthquake Damage
• Not just the seismic shake
• Colonized by Spain and France with a history of slavery
• Instability in the country
• Natural resources undermined
• Poorly managed infrastructure and utilities
• Emergency response meager
• Minimal building codes, not enforced
• High mortality rates
• Repetitive disasters
Why Theory?
• To provide insights
• To increase explanation
• “multi- and interdisciplinary approaches are needed to understand
and effectively deal with the complex problems of our day” in
disasters and humanitarian crises (McEntire 2007, p. 3)
Physical
Environment
Human Built
Environment Environment
Figure 2.2 Systems Theory

(Based on Mileti 1999)
A misfit between the three systems (physical, human, and built) can result in a
disaster that damages some or all of the systems.
Systems Theory
• Physical systems – include the weather, such as when an ice storm
creates a state of emergency
• Built environment – includes ports, roads, bridges, which can be
affected by physical systems like a flood that covers a road
• Human systems – when physical systems affect people and the places
where they live
• A disaster occurs when there is a misfit between these systems such

as allowing people to build near a river that floods annually.
Vulnerability Theory (VT)
• In contrast to the dominant system where the physical system
“causes” the disaster and the cause is engineered, like a levee used to
prevent flooding.
• VT focuses on the human systems
• Disasters are not equal opportunity events, some people are affected
more than others like low income families or countries
• VT also says that we overlook the resources and resilience capacities of
those most at risk, and often fail to include them like not inviting people
with disabilities to the recovery planning table
Socio-political Ecology Theory
• Looks at interactions within human social systems
• People trying to re-establish normalcy after a disaster usually
compete for resources, often with disparate outcomes
• After an earthquake in Pakistan, men were more likely to obtain
resources than women
• Pre-disaster inequalities usually worsen the competition
• Winners and losers appear in the competitive process
• After a disaster, small businesses with fewer resources are more likely to
fail than larger businesses with more resources
Liberal Feminism and Disaster Recovery
• Identify the practical needs of women and children throughout the
disaster event and how institutional arrangements can adapt to their
needs: child care, domestic violence, employment, housing access.
• Recruit and retain women staff in disaster recovery organizations,
with particular attention paid to involving women from disaster-
vulnerable populations and locations.
• Train and educate disaster recovery staff and volunteers in working
with women of various educational, income, age and disability levels.
• Target women-owned businesses and female-dominated nonprofits in
business recovery and economic development programs.
Multiracial Feminist Theory and Disaster Recovery
• Involve organizations that empower women of color to participate in

the recovery planning and implementation processes and pay them
for their contributions.
• Build social networks between women’s groups involving women of
color in recovery activities including funding initiatives and programs
that pay for and/or reimburse staff and volunteer labor.
• Facilitate the active participation of women from underrepresented
groups in disaster recovery planning.
• Target women leaders from diverse cultural groups for leadership
positions in recovery staff and voluntary organizations.
Feminist Political Ecology and Disaster Recovery
• Involve women environmental leaders in planning mitigation activities

for the full range of recovery needs in housing, environment,
infrastructure, and businesses.
• Increase networking between disaster organizations and women
involved in environmental justice and sustainable development
organizations.
• Integrate women involved in local health and safety issues, including
technological disasters and hazardous materials, for long-term
research on the effects of these substances for women and children.
Feminist Development Theory
• Recovery projects may have gendered impacts and provide more

opportunities for men than for women.
• Traditional development programs, and those that influence recovery
times, may strengthen gender stratification.
• Woman-centric recovery schemes should be created, especially those
that tap into women’s economic talents.
• Within highly gender-segregated societies, woman-only recovery
centers and workplaces may need to be created.
Emergent norm theory
• Because few places plan for recovery, it is often an ad hoc, emergent
process
• Emergence is newly appearing behavior or activities, like a recovery
group that advocates for children
• Disasters tend to disable bureaucratic structures
• Flexible, innovative approaches usually cover unmet needs or those
that are not met by existing structures
Sustainable recovery – 6 principles
• consensus-building through participatory processes
• People get a say in how a community is rebuilt
• insuring for quality of life
• People decide what makes their community a great place to live
• economic vitality
• A variety of businesses can return
• Social and intergenerational equity
• Everyone has a chance to return
• environmental quality
• Promoting the environment to be healthy over time and for future generations
• mitigating to insure disaster resilience
• Reducing the effects of future disasters

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Disaster Recovery 2nd Phillips

Full chapter at: https://testbankbell.com/product/disaster-recovery-2nd-phillips-solution-manual/

Figure 2.2 Systems Theory

• A disaster occurs when there is a misfit between these systems such

• Involve organizations that empower women of color to participate in

• Involve women environmental leaders in planning mitigation activities

• Recovery projects may have gendered impacts and provide more

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