12.4 General Curvilinear Motion and Rectangular Components
12.4 General Curvilinear Motion and Rectangular Components
12.4 General Curvilinear Motion and Rectangular Components
Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics, 13th SI Edition © Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
R. C. Hibbeler and Kai Beng Yap 2013. All rights reserved.
READING QUIZ
1. In curvilinear motion, the direction of the instantaneous
velocity is always
A) tangent to the hodograph.
B) perpendicular to the hodograph.
C) tangent to the path.
D) perpendicular to the path.
Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics, 13th SI Edition © Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
R. C. Hibbeler and Kai Beng Yap 2013. All rights reserved.
APPLICATIONS
Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics, 13th SI Edition © Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
R. C. Hibbeler and Kai Beng Yap 2013. All rights reserved.
APPLICATIONS
(continued)
Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics, 13th SI Edition © Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
R. C. Hibbeler and Kai Beng Yap 2013. All rights reserved.
VELOCITY
Velocity represents the rate of change in the position of
a particle.
The average velocity of the
particle during the time increment
Dt is
vavg = Dr/Dt .
The instantaneous velocity is the
time-derivative of position
v = dr/dt .
The velocity vector, v, is always
tangent to the path of motion.
Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics, 13th SI Edition © Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
R. C. Hibbeler and Kai Beng Yap 2013. All rights reserved.
RECTANGULAR COMPONENTS: VELOCITY
The velocity vector is the time derivative of the position vector:
Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics, 13th SI Edition © Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
R. C. Hibbeler and Kai Beng Yap 2013. All rights reserved.
RECTANGULAR COMPONENTS: ACCELERATION
Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics, 13th SI Edition © Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
R. C. Hibbeler and Kai Beng Yap 2013. All rights reserved.
EXAMPLE
Given:The box slides down the slope described by the
equation y = (0.05x2) m, where x is in meters.
vx = -3 m/s, ax = -1.5 m/s2 at x = 5 m.
y = 2 (0.05) x x = 0.1 x x
Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics, 13th SI Edition © Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
R. C. Hibbeler and Kai Beng Yap 2013. All rights reserved.
EXAMPLE (continued)
Since x = vx = -3 m/s, x = ax = -1.5 m/s2 at x = 5 m
y = 0.1 x x = 0.1 (5) (-3) = -1.5 m/s
y = 0.1 x x + 0.1 x x
= 0.1 (-3)2 + 0.1 (5) (-1.5)
= 0.9 – 0.75
= 0.15 m/s2
At x = 5 m
vy = – 1.5 m/s = 1.5 m/s
ay = 0.15 m/s2
Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics, 13th SI Edition © Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
R. C. Hibbeler and Kai Beng Yap 2013. All rights reserved.
CONCEPT QUIZ
1. If the position of a particle is defined by
r = [(1.5t2 + 1) i + (4t – 1) j ] (m), its speed at t = 1 s
is
A) 2 m/s B) 3 m/s
C) 5 m/s D) 7 m/s
Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics, 13th SI Edition © Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
R. C. Hibbeler and Kai Beng Yap 2013. All rights reserved.
GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING
Given: The particle travels along the path y = 0.5 x2.
When t = 0, x = y = z = 0.
Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics, 13th SI Edition © Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
R. C. Hibbeler and Kai Beng Yap 2013. All rights reserved.
GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING
Solution: (continued)
1) x-components:
•
Velocity known as: vx = x = (5 t ) m/s 5 m/s at t=1s
t
Position:
vxdt =
0
(5t) dt x = 2.5 t2 2.5 m at t=1s
••
Acceleration: ax = x = d/dt (5 t) 5 m/s2 at t=1s
2) y-components:
Position known as : y = 0.5 x2 3.125 m at t=1s
• • •
Velocity: y = 0.5 (2) x x =xx 12.5 m/s at t=1s
•• • • ••
Acceleration: ax = y = x x + x x 37.5 m/s2 at t=1s
Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics, 13th SI Edition © Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
R. C. Hibbeler and Kai Beng Yap 2013. All rights reserved.
GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING (continued)
3) The position vector and the acceleration vector are
Position vector: r = [ x i + y j ] m
where x= 2.5 m, y= 3.125 m
Magnitude: r = (2.52 + 3.1252)0.5 = 4.00 m
Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics, 13th SI Edition © Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
R. C. Hibbeler and Kai Beng Yap 2013. All rights reserved.
ATTENTION QUIZ
1. If a particle has moved from A to B along the circular
path in 4s, what is the average velocity of the particle?
A) 2.5 i m/s y
Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics, 13th SI Edition © Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
R. C. Hibbeler and Kai Beng Yap 2013. All rights reserved.
Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics, 13th SI Edition © Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
R. C. Hibbeler and Kai Beng Yap 2013. All rights reserved.