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    UNIFORM RESOURCE SERVICE and DNS

    Uploaded by

    Khemraja Callar
    The document discusses URLs, DNS, and IP addresses. URLs use a standard format with the protocol, website address, path, and filename to locate web pages. DNS servers convert domain names to IP addresses so users don't need to remember long strings of numbers. The DNS process involves a user's browser requesting an IP address from a DNS server, which looks it up and returns the address to access the website server.

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    UNIFORM RESOURCE SERVICE and DNS

    Uploaded by

    Khemraja Callar
    13 views4 pages
    The document discusses URLs, DNS, and IP addresses. URLs use a standard format with the protocol, website address, path, and filename to locate web pages. DNS servers convert domain names to IP addresses so users don't need to remember long strings of numbers. The DNS process involves a user's browser requesting an IP address from a DNS server, which looks it up and returns the address to access the website server.

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    The document discusses URLs, DNS, and IP addresses. URLs use a standard format with the protocol, website address, path, and filename to locate web pages. DNS servers convert domain names to IP addresses so users don't need to remember long strings of numbers. The DNS process involves a user's browser requesting an IP address from a DNS server, which looks it up and returns the address to access the website server.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    13 views4 pages

    UNIFORM RESOURCE SERVICE and DNS

    Uploaded by

    Khemraja Callar
    The document discusses URLs, DNS, and IP addresses. URLs use a standard format with the protocol, website address, path, and filename to locate web pages. DNS servers convert domain names to IP addresses so users don't need to remember long strings of numbers. The DNS process involves a user's browser requesting an IP address from a DNS server, which looks it up and returns the address to access the website server.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    UNIFORM RESOURCE SERVICE (URLs)

     Web browsers are software that allow users to access and display web pages on
    their screens.
     They interpret HTML sent from websites and display the results.
     Web browsers use uniform resource locators (URL) to access websites; these are
    represented by a set of four numbers, such as 109.108.158.1.
     Addresses like this are hard for users to remember. Instead, it is much easier to type
    this into a browser using the following format:

    Protocol http or https

    Website address • domain host (www)

    • domain name (name of website)

    • domain type (.com, .org, .net, .gov, and so on)

    • (sometimes) a country code (.uk, .de, .cy, .br, and so on).

    Path The web page (if this is omitted then it is the root directory of the
    website)

    Filename the item from the web page

    Example:

    http:// www.hoddereducation.co.uk/computerscience

    1
    DOMAIN NAME SERVICE (DNS)

     The domain name service (DNS) (also known as domain name system) gives domain
    names for internet hosts and is a system for finding IP addresses of a domain name.
     Domain names eliminate the need for a user to memorise IP addresses.
     The DNS process involves converting a host name (such as
    www.hoddereducation.co.uk) into an IP address the computer can understand (such
    as 107.162.140.19).
     Often, DNS servers contain a database of URLs with the matching IP addresses.

    A Domain Name Server/Service (DNS) is used to translate a domain name into its
    corresponding IP address

    2
    An example of the DNS process

    Steps:

    1. The user opens their web browser and types in the URL (www.hoddereducation.co.uk)
    and the web browser asks the DNS server (1) for the IP address of the website.
    2. The DNS server can’t find www.hoddereducation.co.uk in its database or its cache
    and sends out a request to DNS server (2).
    3. DNS server (2) finds the URL and can map it to 107.162.140.19; the IP address is
    sent back to DNS server (1) which now puts the IP address and associated URL into
    its cache/database.
    4. This IP address is then sent back to the user’s computer.
    5. The computer now sets up a communication with the website server and the required
    pages are downloaded. The web browser interprets the HTML and displays the
    information on the user’s screen.

    3
    Describe how DNS is used to retrieve a web page from a website

    1. browser opened and user types in url: www.exampleofaurl.co.de/computer_logic.html


    2. browser asks DNS for IP address
    3. if DNS server can’t find URL in its database or cache it sends out request to another
    DNS server
    4. second DNS server finds URL and can map it to an IP address
    5. this IP address is sent back to first DNS server which now puts IP address and URL
    into its database/cache; this IP address is now sent back to the user’s computer
    6. computer’s web browser now sets up communication with the website and starts to
    download the pages
    7. web browser interprets HTML and displays pages on user’s monitor.

    Difference between IP address and Domain Name

    IP Address Domain Name

    IP address is (physical) address of the A domain name is a memorable form for


    server an IP address

    An example of an IP address is An example of domain name is


    198.162.2.1 cambridgeinternational.org

    IP address could change (dynamic) Domain name does not change

    IP address can be used to address server The domain name needs translation
    directly before server can be assessed

    Describe the purpose of an IP address.

     IP address used to locate a device on a network


     Each address is unique within the network
     Allows a device to send data to the correct destination

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