CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Pedicabs are an essential component of the transportation mix and a practical

alternative to private vehicles, taxis, and public transportation. Pedicab drivers typically

base their prices on the length of the trip, how long it takes, or both. Per-block fees are

typical in cities with regular street grids. The earning potential mostly depends on the

fare schedule, fee structure, and shift-specific environmental considerations.

The pedicab drivers are one of the minimum-wage workers who were greatly

affected by the constant inflation rate. The pedicab is the transportation we use everyday

that covers short distances. However, there are hindrances that pedicab drivers experience.

One of the problems facing pedicab drivers was dealing with the inflation rate. Inflation

is a persistent increase in the general price level of goods and services. ( Pablo Acosta,

Folha de S. Paulo. 2022)

In the first quarter of the year, inflation continued its uptrend as it accelerated

further to 8.7 percent in January 2023, from 8.1 percent in December 2022. January 2023

inflation is the highest annual rate. In other words, January 2023 had the higher annual

rate. In other words, in January 2022, the higher year-on-year increase in the index of

housing, water, electricity, gas, and other will be 8 fuels waste  7.0 percent in December

2022. This was followed by food and non-alcoholic beverages at 10.7 percent, from

percent, downcent in December 2022. Restaurants and accommodation services saw an

inflation rate of 7.6 percent in January 2023, up from 7.0 percent in December 2022.

Food inflation in the United States increased to 11.2 percent in January 2023, up from
10.6 percent in December 2022 and 1.6 percent in January 2022. Pedicab drivers are

particularly sensitive to the effects of an increase in the inflation rate, the cost of their

leaving also increases. This study explore the effects of inflation rate to the minimum

wage earners such as pedicab drivers, highlighting the challenges that they face in coping

with risky cost. (Mike Winters, 2023)

In view of the above, the researchers want to identify the variables affecting the

pedicab drivers of San Mateo’s daily revenue and potential solutions to address their issues.

The present study concentrated on pedicab drivers of San Mateo. The difficulties pedicab

drivers faced on a daily basis were something the researchers were interested in learning

about.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study seeks to determine the factors that influence the inflation rate for

pedicab drivers.

Specifically, it answers the following questions:

1. What is the daily income of pedicab drivers?

2.  What are the effects of the inflation rate on the basic commodities of pedicab

drivers?

3.  How does the inflation rate of basic commodities affect the cost of living of

the pedicab drivers?

4. How do pedicab drivers cope with the rising rate of inflation?

   
SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS

This study seeks to determine the factors that influence the inflation rate for

pedicab drivers. The researchers will examine the effects of the inflation rate on

minimum wage workers, specifically pedicab drivers. This study will cover inflation rate,

the ability to purchase, the standard of living, and overall well-being. It will also analyze

the possible solutions that can be implemented to mitigate the negative effects of inflation

on the said workers. This topic will focus solely on the inflation rates, four basic

commodities, and its effect on minimum wage workers, particularly the pedicab drivers of

Barangay San Mateo, Camaligan, Camarines Sur. For the reason that it will help those

pedicab drivers of Barangay San Mateo who's having a hard time dealing with the

inflation rate. It will not revolve around the factors that may affect their livelihood, such

as government policies or economic downturns. Moreover, this topic will only cover the

inflation rates in the 1st quarter of the year 2022 and its impact on a specific group of

minimum wage workers. It will not provide a comprehensive analysis of the broader

economic implications of inflation.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research aims to provide information regarding the impacts of inflation rate to

pedicab drivers of Barangay San Mateo, Camaligan, Camarines Sur. The knowledge of

this will help those pedicab drivers who are having a hard time or suffering with the

said problem, which is the inflation rate. The study was considered beneficial to pedicab

drivers and future researchers.

It is expected that this study will benefit the following individuals:

 Pedicab Drivers.  This study will be beneficial to the pedicab drivers to

know and understand the impact of inflation rate on their lives.

Students.  This study may serve as a guide and reference for the students

since pedicab  is one of the transportation that is used. It will also give

understanding about how to control their behavior and attitude about the issue.

Future Researcher.  It would help the future researchers that are also

interested to this study. This can be significant tool for their future activities in

research.

Local Government Unit (LGU).  This study will also be beneficial for the

LGU because it may be used as a basis in providing programs intended to help

our pedicab drivers.

Families. This study will be also beneficial for the family of the respondent. It

may also give them understanding of the impact of inflation rate on their daily lives.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

For the purpose of clarification, the important terms used in this study have been

defined.

Cost of Living. It refers the cost of purchasing those goods and services which

are included in an accepted standard level of consumption. In this study, it refer to the

amount of money needed to cover basic expenses such as housing, food, taxes, and

healthcare in a certain place and time period.

Minimum Wage. It is the lowest wage paid or permitted to be paid. In this

study, it refers to the wage earners that the employees pay after the given period.
 Workers. It refers to one that works especially at manual or industrial labor or

with a particular material. In this study, it refers to the people who earn the minimum

amount of the income.

Pedicab Drivers. It refers to the people that are responsible for delivering riders

safely to their destination. In this study, it refers to the person who earn minimum

amount of income to provide their basic commodities.

Inflation Rate. In economics, inflation is an increase in the general price level of

goods and services in an economy. When the general price level rises, each unit of

currency buys fewer goods and services; consequently, inflation corresponds to a reduction

in the purchasing power of money. In this study, it refers to the effect for the pedicab

drivers.

Basic Commodities. It refers to the good used in commerce that is

interchangeable with other goods of the same type, and these are often used as inputs in

the production of other goods and services. In this study, it refers the basic goods that

the pedicab drivers purchase from their earnings.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the related literature and studies from local and international

sources about the challenges of minimum wage workers during the inflation rate which served as

guide and basis for analysis and interpretation of the result. This would also present the

theoretical framework and the conceptual framework to fully understand the study.

According to Dube (2019), this renewed attention also echoes an increasing consensus

among policy makers and academics that, at the level set in most OECD countries, minimum

wage increases (even large ones) have had a positive effects on low incomes but no or limited

negative effects on employment. This policy brief discusses the functioning of minimum wages

across OECD countries, their role in preserving the purchasing power of the low paid as well as

their interactions with the tax-benefit systems. The role of working-age benefits in the current

juncture is the focus of another policy brief (OECD, 2022) while a third one focuses on the

challenges for the pension systems (OECD, 2022).

As said by Kenton (2022), As the cost of goods and services rises at the companies

paying higher wages and in the broader market overall, the wage increase is not as helpful to

employees, since the cost of goods in the market has also risen. If prices remain increased,

workers eventually require another wage increase to compensate for the cost of living increase.

The percentage increase of the wages and prices and their overall effect on the market are key

factors driving inflation in the economy. ( Kenton 2022)

According to Pablo Acosta (2022), as the COVID-19 pandemic began to ease its effects

on households across the globe, another crisis started searing: inflation. The costs of food and
fuel began rising as early as the second half of 2021 in many countries in the world. By mid-

2022, annual inflation was estimated at 9.8 in Europe, 8.5 in the US, and 13.9 in Brazil. Inflation

for the LAC region for 2022 is forecasted at 12.1. Hiking prices lead to loss of purchasing power

of households and food insecurity. In Brazil, the costs of food increased by 13.43 percent in the

12 months to August 2022, and the foodstuff consumed at home by 15.63 percent. The effects on

such items – which represent between a fifth and a quarter of household’s consumption- were

only partly appeased by the increase in nominal average labor incomes in 2022. Thus, food

insecurity is estimated to have gone up in 2022, with a projected 15.5 % of households in severe

food insecurity, compared to the 9 percent in 2020. It is against this backdrop that we arrive at

another International Day for the Eradication of Poverty, also commonly known as End Poverty

Day (October 17th). As the real value of households’ income deteriorates, they can afford to

purchase fewer things. Ultimately, the accurate monitoring of countries’ progress towards

eradicating poverty rests on our ability to measure whether the population can cover their basic

needs.

As stated by Tami Luhby (2021), the wage hit its peak in inflation-adjusted terms in 1968

at just over $12. Though it has been raised 14 times since then, it has not kept pace with the cost

of living. The current nearly 12-year stretch is the longest it’s gone without a boost. That means

minimum wage workers are getting poorer over time, said Josh Bivens, director of research at

the left-leaning Economic Policy Institute.

Depending to Jason Fernando (2023), High and variable rates of inflation can impose

major costs on an economy. Businesses, workers, and consumers must all account for the

effects of generally rising prices in their buying, selling, and planning decisions. This introduces

an additional source of uncertainty into the economy, because they may guess wrong about the
rate of future inflation. Time and resources expended on researching, estimating, and adjusting

economic behavior are expected to rise to the general level of prices. That's opposed to real

economic fundamentals, which inevitably represent a cost to the economy as a whole.

According to Triple T (2022), the transport field is operating in uncharted waters with

inflation lingering around eight percent. Many stakeholders across every part of the industry

have never done business in such a high-inflation environment. With costs skyrocketing at an

unprecedented rate, budgeting becomes a serious challenge.

According to MaCurdy (2015), the widespread popularity of raising the minimum wage

draws heavily on its appeal as an antipowerful policy, which relies on two beliefs: first, raising

the minimum wage will increase the incomes of poor families, and second, the minimum wage

imposes little or no public or social costs. Indeed, in 2006, a group of more than 650 economists

signed a widely distributed statement issued by the Economic Policy Institute expressing these

sentiments in support of legislation calling for a 40 percent increase in the federal minimum

wage.

According to Kurt Adrian Dela Pena (2023), the minimum wage of workers across all

regions have failed to keep up with the acceleration of inflation, which even hit an all-time high

of 8.7 percent last January. Tulfo, last Feb. 15, said “while there was a minimum wage increase

last year, it will not be able to sustain the living conditions of workers, considering that many of

them are facing financial difficulties brought about by rising inflation.”

According to Hirsch (2015), the Minimum Income Standard is based on budgets

recalculated in full every four years for each household type, using the actual prices of the goods
and services covered. In between these ‘rebases’, the standard is updated mainly to reflect

changing prices. While a two-yearly review allows for some items to be added and subtracted,

the great majority of items remain unchanged between the rebase years. MIS therefore needs a

basis for estimating what the baskets will cost as prices change. When MIS was first updated in

2009, two alternative methods of doing so were compared (Hirsch et al., 2009). One was to

reprice all items, and the other was to use the Retail Prices Index (RPI) to uprate broad categories

of items. This experiment concluded that the two methods did not produce results that were

systematically different enough to warrant the much larger task of annual repricing rather than

index-uprating. Overall, repricing produced a slightly higher result than indexation, but the

differences did not seem to follow a systematic pattern. Importantly, repricing a "fixed" set of

items produces its own imperfections, most particularly that what is on the market changes from

one year to the next, and finding the closest substitutes is an arbitrary process.

According to Hartanto et al. (2021), the pressure of socio-economic life on taxi drivers is

a reason to adapt. This is because the reality they experience is contrary to their expectations.

Adaptation strategies undertaken to free themselves from socio-economic pressures and realize

their hopes in life This study aims to explain the adaptation strategy of pedicab drivers in their

socioeconomic lives (Study at the Pedicab Mastrip Association). This research is a descriptive

study with a qualitative approach. The subjects and informants of the research were the pedicab

drivers, the mastrip pedicab community of Jember Regency, and the pedicab passengers. The

data collection methods used are interviews, observation, and documents. The data analysis steps

used include data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The pedicab driver’s

hope is to get an income that can meet family needs in terms of education and the desire to

improve socio-economic life. The fact is that pedicab drivers are disappointed because there are
currently few passengers and low income, so this hope is not realized. Adaptation strategies are

carried out by increasing the work ethic in the form of arriving early, increasing working hours,

going around looking for passengers, and placing pedicabs on different sides of the base. Making

innovations by participating in ornamental pedicab events, for example, on the Prophet’s

birthday, carnivals having a side job, namely construction workers, parking attendants, farmers,

sewing shoes, looking for wrecked goods, and some pedicab drivers waiting for passengers at the

base.

According to ILO reports (2023), it's one of the world's priciest cities, with the least

affordable housing market on the planet and parking spaces that can go for nearly a million

dollars each. So when the Hong Kong government raised the minimum wage by a measly 32

cents on Monday, activists and community workers were scathing in their response. "We think

this is unacceptable," said Wong Shek-hung, director of the Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan

programs at the charitable organization Oxfam. "It cannot cover basic needs in Hong Kong." The

minimum wage, first established in 2011, is supposed to be reviewed every two years, but it was

frozen at the previous rate in 2021 due to the city’s COVID-stricken economy, with authorities at

the time arguing that a wage increase would put "additional pressure on enterprises" and risk

slashing low-wage jobs. But Wong said this new increase will make little difference in Hong

Kong, consistently ranked one of the world’s most expensive cities. The minimum wage does not

apply to foreign domestic workers, a crucial part of the city’s economic and social fabric, who

are from countries like the Philippines and Indonesia and are required by law to live in their

employers’ households.
 According to the Philippine Daily Inquirer (2022), calls to raise the minimum wage again

are growing, and for good reason. The cost of living decently has risen much since the last

adjustment in June this year. Inflation, a measure of the average increase in the prices of basic

food items and services such as transportation and electricity, accelerated to its fastest pace in

nearly 14 years at 7.7 percent in October, the highest since December 2008. The increase was

mainly due to higher prices of food items, particularly vegetables and fish, as a result of the

damage caused by a series of typhoons that recently hit the country. It is projected to remain

elevated in the coming months because of persistent supply constraints for basic commodities

such as sugar, meat, vegetables, and fuel.

According to John Cochrane (2022), the pandemic had two separate effects on global

supply chains. In the early phase, lockdowns and mobility restrictions led to severe disruptions in

various supply chains, causing short-term supply shortages. Many of these disruptions have

eased, although the recent surge in Omicron has renewed pressure on some supply chains. In the

later stage of the pandemic, however, various supply chain bottlenecks have emerged as a result

of strong overall demand from the economic recovery, the sharp increase in relative demand for

durable goods, and hoarding and panic buying. According to a recent assessment by Rees and

Rungcharoenkitkul (2021), the most severe bottlenecks affect raw materials, intermediate

manufactured goods, and freight transport. Will these persist? One measure of the state of global

supply chains is how long it takes to ship goods by sea. The two biggest trade lanes carry goods

from Asia to North America and from Asia to Europe. The Flexport Ocean Timeliness Indicator

captures timing for each of these routes. As of the end of February 2022, measures for both

remain close to all-time highs, suggesting significant ongoing pressure that may persist for at

least a few more months.

 According to Asra (1999), this note demonstrates empirically the importance of urban-

rural price differences and inflation figures in poverty analysis. Using data from the National

Socio-Economic Survey (Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional, widely known as Susenas), it shows

that the urban-rural food price differential during the period 1987–96 was 13–16%, not 28–52%

as implied by the ‘official’ food poverty lines. The urban-rural poverty comparisons and the

components of change in simulated poverty estimates presented here therefore differ from those

based on the ‘official’ figures. They indicate that migration to urban areas between 1987 and

1996 accounts for a significant part of the observed decline in poverty. The paper concludes that

it is essential to use accurate urban-rural cost of living differences in deriving aggregate urban

and rural poverty estimates.

According Adam Barone (2022), if the amount of money in an economy doubles, all else

equal, price levels will also double. This means that the consumer will pay twice as much for

the same amount of goods and services. This increase in price levels will eventually result in a

rising inflation level; inflation is a measure of the rate of rising prices of goods and services in

an economy.

The same forces that influence the supply and demand of any commodity also influence the

supply and demand of money: an increase in the supply of money decreases the marginal value

of money–in other words, when the money supply increases, but with all else being equal

or ceteris paribus, the buying capacity of one unit of currency decreases. As a way of adjusting

for this decrease in money's marginal value, the prices of goods and services rises; this results in

a higher inflation level.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
 To support the objective of the study, theories and methods were utilized which explained

the relationships of variables involved in the investigation. Figure 1 shows the theoretical

framework of the study. It shows the theories that explain the cost of living of the minimum

wage workers which include The Keynesian Theory of Cost-push Inflation as the main theory

and supported by Demand-pull Inflation and Built-in Inflation theories.

The Neoclassical Economic Theory cited by Robert Solow and Trevon Swan (1956)

predicts that higher minimum wages will lead to lower employment. This may happen for two

reasons: firstly, because minimum wages may force enterprises to raise the prices of their goods

and services, and consumers or international buyers who face higher prices may therefore cut

back on their demand (the so-called “scale effect”). Secondly, when low-wage workers become

more “expensive” due to the minimum wage, firms may decide to replace some of them with

more machines and a few skilled workers to operate these (the “substitution effect”).

Neoclassical economists believe that a consumer's first concern is to maximize personal

satisfaction, also known as utility. Therefore, they make purchasing decisions based on their

evaluations of the utility of a product or service. If these effects are large, aggregate employment

levels of low-wage workers may decline. There is also likely to be a “cross-industry” effect, as

employment is predicted to fall in labour-intensive industries, where the proportion of low-paid

workers is higher and where labour costs represent a high proportion of total production costs for

enterprises. In other industries, employment may remain unchanged or may even increase, as

consumers spend more of their money on goods and services where prices are less affected by

minimum wages. This theory was used by Balagopal G. Menon et al,. in their study titled, “

Triviate causality between economic growth, energy consumption and carcon emissions:

Empirical evidence from India.” (2023)

 In this study, the Neoclassical Economic Theory supports the third statement of the

problem that the pedicab drivers are encountering during the inflation rate.

Another theory that supports the study is the Macro-economic theory cited by John

Maynard Keynes (1936). This highlights the fact that higher wages not only raise labour costs for

employers, but they also increase consumption demand among the low-paid workers and their

families. Assuming there are no large negative effects on external competitiveness (which might

be the case for very export-oriented economies) or investment, such positive “consumption

effects” can lead to increases in aggregate demand and employment. Employment may expand in

other firms and higher wages may attract more people into the labour market. This study was

used by Johannes Gerschewski in his study titled, “ Theory of Autocratic Rule.” (2023)

The figure shows the importance of identifying the effects of inflation on minimum-wage

workers. Because it investigates the factors that influence general output and income in a society,

as well as the consequences of price levels such as inflation and unemployment.

The last theory that supports the study is Keynesian Economic Theory cited by John

Maynard Keynes (1936). This model highlights the overall demand could lead to prolonged

periods of high unemployment. An economy’s output of goods and services is the sum of four

components: consumption, investment, government purchases, and net exports (the difference

between what a country sells to and buys from foreign countries). Any increase in demand has to

come from one of these four components. But during a recession, strong forces often dampen

demand as spending goes down.. According to Keynesian economics, state intervention is

necessary to moderate the booms and busts in economic activity, otherwise known as the

business cycle. This theory was used by Heinrich Bortis in his study titled, “
Classical_Keynesian Political Economy not Neoclassical Economics, is the Economic Theory of

the Future.” (2022)

Neoclassical Economic Theory

Balagopal G. Menon et al., (2023)

when low-wage workers become more “expensive”

due to the minimum wage, firms may decide to replace
some of them with more machines and a few skilled
workers to operate these (the “substitution effect”).
Neoclassical economists believe that a consumer's first
concern is to maximize personal satisfaction, also
known as utility.
 COST OF LIVING OF
PEDICAB DRIVERS

KEYNESIAN ECONOMIC
MACRO-ECONOMIC THEORY THEORY

Johannes Gerscherwski (2023) John Maynard Keynes (1936)

employment may remain unchanged This reduction in spending by

or may even increase, as consumers consumers can result in less
spend more of their money on goods investment spending by businesses,
and services where prices are less as firms respond to weakened
affected by minimum wages. demand for their products. This puts
the task of increasing output on the
shoulders of the government.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
 Figure two (2), displayed the conceptual framework where the design used is input,

process, and output.

This figure shows the relationship between each variable of the study, such as the daily

income of pedicab drivers, ownership, rental, and boundary. The effects of the inflation rate on

basic commodities affect the purchasing power of the pedicab drivers, reduce their net earnings,

and affect their ability to support their families. Pedicab drivers will have to spend more money

to purchase basic necessities. With inflation and basic commodities, prices tend to rise, reducing

net earnings, and for basic commodities, condiments, produce, essentials, dairy, or drinks, And

the coping strategies of pedicab drivers in raising inflation, increasing fares, reducing expenses,

and seeking support.

 COST OF LIVING OF PEDICAB DRIVERS IN SAN MATEO
DURING THE INFLATION RATE

DAILY INCOME OF PEDICAB DRIVERS

EFFECT OF INFLATION RATE ON THE BASIC COMMODITIES

INFLATION AND BASIC COMMODITIES

COPING STRATEGIES OF PEDICAB IN THE RAISING INFLATION

 CHAPTER III
METHODS AND PROCEDURE

This chapter contains the research design, the respondents, the data gathering tools and the

statistical treatment used in analyzing the gathered data.

METHODS USED

In the study, the researchers will use a qualitative-descriptive approach. A survey

questionnaire will also be employed.

The descriptive design will demonstrate how the inflation rate affects the daily lives of

pedicab drivers.

The survey questionnaire will be used to determine and comprehend the effects of

inflation on the pedicab drivers of Barangay San Mateo.

RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

The respondents to this study are the pedicab drivers of Camaligan, Barangay San Mateo.

Purposive sampling will be utilized to choose samples from a specified population of San Mateo

pedicab drivers.

DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENTS

The survey-questionnaire is the data gathering tools for the study. The questionnaire is

adapted and modified from their teacher in research from Camaligan National High School. The

tool determines the expenses of the pedicab drivers and identifies the effects of inflation rate to

the basic commodities of pedicab drivers. The survey-questionnaire ensures that the question
will determine how pedicab drivers handling the rising inflation rate that occured. To improve

the reliability and validity of the data there will be an item analysis index of the question as

basis. The first part of the instrument gathers the demographic profile of the respondents while

second part is the mode of ownership of the pedicab being used, the third part are the essential or

basic commodities that pedicab drivers purchase everyday, fourth part the rating scale and the

last part or the fifth part of the survey-questionnaire, the possible effect to the pedicab drivers

during inflation rate and the respondents which is the pedicab drivers will put a check on it.

PROCEDURE OF THE INVESTIGATION

For the reliability and validity of the results, the study will follow the steps in the

gathering of data. Preparation of the instruments. The research instrument that was used in

the conduct of the study is a survey-questionnaire to determine the expenses of the pedicab

drivers. To identify the effects of Inflation Rate to the basic commodities of pedicab drivers

and How does the pedicab drivers cope with the rising inflation rate. To ensure the validity

of the survey-questionnaire, the method will be administered at the same instrument to the

same sample at different points in time. Securing permit to conduct the study. The letter of

request address to the Pedicab Drivers will be prepare to permit the distribution of the

survey-questionnaire. Administration of the questionnaire. After the approval of the request

to conduct the study, the questionnaire will be administer to the pedicab drivers as the

respondents.
STATISTICAL TREATMENT

To facilitate the analysis and treatment of the data, the following statistical tools will be

use: Frequency and Percentage. This tool will determine the frequency and percentage

distribution involves in identifying the total number of observations to be presented in counting

the total number of observation in each data group. The formula is:

p = f / N × 100 N

Where,

P= percentage

f= frequency

N= number of respondents

Mean. This Statistical tool will be use to know the average daily income of the pedicab drivers.

The formula:

x̅ = Σ̅X / N Where,

X= score

N= total number of scores

 NOTES

Pablo Acosta, Folha de S. Paulo. (October 19, 2022) Fighting against poverty: the impact of

inflation on households’ purchasing power (March 10 2023)

Mike Winters. (March 14 2023) Inflation drops to 6%, but housing costs remain high—and the

Fed is still watching ‘supercore’ inflation. (April 9, 2023)

 NOTES

Tami Luhby. (February 21, 2021) Charts show how much minimum wage workers have fallen

behind.

(April 1,, 2023)

ILO Report. (November 30, 2022) Rising inflation brings striking fall in real wages,

ILO reports find (April 3, 2023)

Ferdinand Dagmang and Dalmacito Corden Jr. (December 2017) The Pedicab Drivers’

Daily Transgressions: Struggles Provision and Care. (April 3, 2023)

Will Kenton. (January 12, 2022) Wage Push Inflation: Definition, Causes, and Examples

(April 3, 2023)

Priyesh Ranjan (September 30, 2022) Inflation Rises While Driver Salaries Stay Stagnant

(April 4,2023)

Milton Friedman (July 28, 2017) Nobel Lecture: Inflation and Unemployment

(April 2, 2023)

Artemio V. Panganiban (May 22, 2022) Maximize wages, minimize contractualizations

(April 4,2023)

Thomas MaCurdy ( April 13, 2015) How Effective Is the Minimum Wage at Supporting the

Poor? (April 2, 2023)

Triple T. (August 2, 2022) Award Winning 3PL Services. (April 2, 2023)

Rizal et al,. (September 2021) Adaptation strategies for pedicab drivers in their socio-economic

life (April 4, 2023)

Emi Nakamura (December 2022) Finance and Development (April 2, 2023)

Adam Barone (November 23, 2022) What Is the Quantity Theory of Money (April 4, 2023)

John Cochrane (April 7, 2022) Will Inflation Remain High? (April 4, 2023)

Jason Fernando (May 10, 2023) Inflation: What It Is, How Can Be Controlled,

And Extreme Sample (April 2, 2023)

Kurt Adrian Dela Pena (March 20, 2023) Wage hike calls ring louder as falsity of

Reason to reject its emerges( April 3, 2023)

D. Hirsch (October 21, 2015) A minimum income standard for the UK in 2015 (April 3, 2023)

Balagopal G. Menon et al,. (January 16, 2023) Trivialte causaity between economic growth,

Energy consumption, and carbon emission: Empirical evidence from India (May 1, 2023)

Johannes Gerschewski (January 3, 2023) A Macro-Theory of Autocratic Rule (May 1, 2023)

Heinrich Bortis (April 18, 2022) Classical-Keynesian Political Economy not Neoclassical

Economics Is the Economic Theory of the Future (May 1, 2023)

Asra, Abuzan (February 5, 1999) Urban-Rural Differences in Costs of Living and their

Impact on Poverty Measures (April 4, 2023)

Pablo Acosta, Folha de S. Paulo. (October 19, 2022) Fighting against poverty: the impact of

inflation on households’ purchasing power (April 10 2023)p