Pre Pareekshan-2 (2023) - (Set-C) - S
Pre Pareekshan-2 (2023) - (Set-C) - S
Pre Pareekshan-2 (2023) - (Set-C) - S
Explanations
of
30. Answer: (d) unlike the four that the humans have.
Explanation: They lay eggs.
Innate immunity is the first line of defence Reptilia: These animals are cold-blooded,
against pathogens that try to enter our have scales and breathe through lungs.
bodies. It is achieved through protective While most of them have a three-
barriers that prevent or limit the entry of chambered heart, crocodiles have four
pathogens. heart chambers. They lay eggs with
These barriers include – tough coverings and they do not need to
lay their eggs in water, unlike the
Skin: The skin provides a physical barrier
amphibians. Snakes, turtles, lizards and
to prevent the entry of pathogens. It also
crocodiles fall in this category.
produces anti-microbial peptides that can
kill the invading microbes. Mammals: These are warm-blooded
animals with four-chambered hearts.
Mucus: Mucus is produced by the
They have mammary glands for the
respiratory and digestive tracts and it acts
production of milk to nourish their young.
as a physical barrier to prevent the entry of
Their skin has hair, as well as sweat and
pathogens. It also contains anti-microbial
oil glands. Most mammals familiar to us
substances that can kill or neutralize the
produce live young ones. However, a few of
invading microbes.
them, like the platypus and the echidna lay
Stomach acid: The stomach produces
eggs, and some, like the kangaroos, give
hydrochloric acid that can kill many types
birth to very poorly developed young ones.
of microbes that enter the body through
contaminated food or water.
32. Answer: (b)
Enzymes: Certain enzymes, such as
lysozyme, are produced in tears, saliva and Explanation:
mucus. These enzymes can break down the The covering or protective tissues in the
cell walls of many types of bacteria, animal body are epithelial tissues. They
limiting their ability to cause infection. also form a barrier to keep different body
systems separate. The skin, the lining of
the mouth, the lining of the blood
31. Answer: (b)
vessels, lung alveoli and kidney tubules
Explanation:
are all made of epithelial tissues.
Pisces: These are fish. They are exclusively Cuboidal epithelium (with cube-shaped
aquatic animals. Their skin is covered with cells) forms the lining of the kidney
scales/plates. They obtain oxygen tubules and ducts of the salivary glands,
dissolved in water by using gills. The where it provides mechanical support.
body is streamlined, and a muscular tail is
Blood is a type of connective tissue. Blood
used for movement. They are cold-blooded
has a fluid (liquid) matrix, called plasma,
and their hearts have only two chambers,