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    Afrostain Farmtech Onion Production Guide

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    onward marumura
    This document provides guidance on onion and garlic production. It discusses varietal selection based on market and environment. Optimal growing conditions require cool temperatures for germination and bulb formation, as well as long days. Guidelines are provided for weed, pest, and disease management, which emphasize preventative measures and rotating between chemical options to prevent resistance. Soil testing helps determine fertilizer needs. Proper spacing and top dressing are also recommended for high yields.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Afrostain Farmtech Onion Production Guide

    Uploaded by

    onward marumura
    23 views6 pages
    This document provides guidance on onion and garlic production. It discusses varietal selection based on market and environment. Optimal growing conditions require cool temperatures for germination and bulb formation, as well as long days. Guidelines are provided for weed, pest, and disease management, which emphasize preventative measures and rotating between chemical options to prevent resistance. Soil testing helps determine fertilizer needs. Proper spacing and top dressing are also recommended for high yields.

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    Onion Farming in Zimbabwe

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    Afrostain Farmtech Onion Production guide

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    This document provides guidance on onion and garlic production. It discusses varietal selection based on market and environment. Optimal growing conditions require cool temperatures for germination and bulb formation, as well as long days. Guidelines are provided for weed, pest, and disease management, which emphasize preventative measures and rotating between chemical options to prevent resistance. Soil testing helps determine fertilizer needs. Proper spacing and top dressing are also recommended for high yields.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views6 pages

    Afrostain Farmtech Onion Production Guide

    Uploaded by

    onward marumura
    This document provides guidance on onion and garlic production. It discusses varietal selection based on market and environment. Optimal growing conditions require cool temperatures for germination and bulb formation, as well as long days. Guidelines are provided for weed, pest, and disease management, which emphasize preventative measures and rotating between chemical options to prevent resistance. Soil testing helps determine fertilizer needs. Proper spacing and top dressing are also recommended for high yields.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    2023

    ONION AND GARLIC PRODUCTION


    GUIDE

    Onward Marumura
    Afrostain Farmtech
    2/21/2023
    ONION AND GARLIC PRODUCTION GUIDE

    As we all know “It start with the right seed”. Different crop varieties have got different
    genotypic and phenotypic traits and potential e.g. one variety may be an Open Pollinated
    Variety (OPV) and another an Hybrid variety and from the word go the yield and quality
    difference will be automatic, therefore “ALWAYS CHOOSE TE RIGHT CROP VARIETY” that
    suits your market and
    environment ##

    CLIMATIC REQUIREMENTS

    Onion and Garlic are a cool season crop, however germination of onion is slow at 6-7oc .
    The optimum germination temperature range is 10-15oc and maximum temperature is
    40oc . Low temperatures early in the season are desirable with higher temperature after
    bulb formation. Onion and garlic are tolerate to frost but seedlings are generally only
    tolerant down to 1oc below that there suffer frost. Onions and garlic are sensitive to proto
    period. Long days are favorable to onion production as this enhance leaf development
    and which in turn, is directly related to buld size.
    Early varieties require 13 hours for bulb initiation, while the late varietie requires 16hours
    for bulb initiation. Onion and garlic begin to form bulb when the day length reaches the
    appropriate duration for the cultivar, provided temperatures are high. * Cool weather
    during early growth of the plant promote formation of seed stalk ( bolting .Onion and
    garlic bulb grow quickly in warm than cool temperature. ****At 40 oc. bulb formation is
    retarded (farmers should play around with planting dates and specific varieties to avoid
    losses)**.In this production there is an interaction between day-length and temperature
    in the bulbing process of an individual cultivar
    WEED CHALLENGE

    Annual grasses: Linurex 50WP (75g/15 lt water/knapsack)

    Afalon (Mix Rate 0.75 - 1.5kg/200 lt water/ha)

    • Post Planting transplant seedlings 5-20 days after transplanting

    Broadleaf weeds: Ronstar 25EC (135ml/15 lt


    water/knapsack) Weeds pre emergent. Mix Rate 4.0 -
    5.0 lt/500 lt water/ha.
    • transplanted onion seedlings after their establishment

    Grasses only: Agil 100EC/ Fluaziquop (60-120ml/15 lt water)


    • Weeds post emergent to directly seeded onions at 4-5 leaf stage of seedling
    • Post emergent against grasses only. Higher rate for perennial grasses
    Soil test results help to determine the nutrients needed and the rate of application
    Basic application 800 – 1000 kg/ha of ZFC vegetable blend(9:24:20),Omnia PV blend or
    Windmill Super C(6:24:20)
    SOIL CONDITIONS
    Well drained soils of PH 5.5 to 7.0 are desirable
    You are recommended to work soils to a depth of 45 cm to minimise compaction and
    promote good root penetration
    PLANT SPACING
    In row 7 - 10 cm
    Inter row 15 - 20 cm
    You manipulate onion size by your spacing
    SEED REQUIREMENTS
    3 – 4kg per ha (Open pollinated varieties)
    800 000 - 1 000 000 seeds ( Hybrids)
    1 onion seed is 1 bulb(50-120g)
    TOP DRESSING
    Top dress with Ammonium ni trate 200 - 300kg/ha(20 - 30 grams/m2) at 4 weeks after
    transplanting
    For good shelf life use calcium nitrate at rate of 50kg per ha

    PESTS
    Spray karate(Lambda) for cutworms after planting
    Spray on wet soils to achieve best results
    Thrips use DDVP, Karate, Thunder, Malathion 50EC
    Cutworms use karate(Lambda), Fenveralate, Chlorpyrifos
    Nematodes use Oxamyl, Velum, Solvigo
    DISEASES
    Alternaria/Purple Blotch and Downey mildew use copper oxychloride, Dithane m45 as
    preventative
    Use Ridomil gold, Bravo, Revus, Folio Gold, Folicur as curative
    Chemicals are applied on prophylactic basis, you don’t wait the pest or disease to appear
    into the crop
    • A major feature of the insect and disease control recommendations is the
    successful strategy for managing the development of resistance, to prolong the
    effectiveness of chemicals
    • Insecticides and Fungicides are rotated to prevent the build-up of resistance and
    to provide a better spectrum
    • A combination of preventative and curative strategies is used for disease and
    Insect control
    • A range of products with different modes of action are used
    • Insect and disease control does not depend on a single type of product
    • Always use wetter or sticker when spraying
    • Spraying intervals: winter once a week or every 2 weeks, summer once a week or
    twice a week

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