Mil STD 1275e
Mil STD 1275e
Mil STD 1275e
com
METRIC
MIL-STD-1275E
22 MARCH 2013
SUPERSEDING
MIL-STD-1275D
29 August 2006
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
INTERFACE STANDARD
CHARACTERISTICS OF
28 VOLT DC INPUT POWER TO
UTILIZATION EQUIPMENT IN
MILITARY VEHICLES
MIL-STD-1275E
FOREWORD
1. This standard is approved for use by all departments and agencies of the Department of
Defense (DOD).
2. The intent of this document is to describe the nominal 28 VDC voltage characteristics,
common across military ground vehicles, at the input power terminal of the utilizing electrical
and electronic assemblies directly connected to the distribution network. This lays the
groundwork for commonality across vehicle platforms. The vehicle’s design authority is
responsible to ensure that the 28 VDC delivered to the input power terminal of the utilization
equipment meets these requirements.
3. This is neither a power source nor a power system standard. This standard focuses on
utilization equipment and the conditions under which it is expected to operate.
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Table of Contents
1 SCOPE ............................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Scope. ............................................................................................................................... 1
2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS ....................................................................................... 1
2.1 General. ............................................................................................................................ 1
2.2 Government documents.................................................................................................... 1
2.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks. ....................................................................... 1
2.3 Non-Government documents. .......................................................................................... 1
2.4 Order of precedence. ........................................................................................................ 2
3 DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................. 2
3.1 Utilization equipment. ...................................................................................................... 2
3.2 Equipment under test. ....................................................................................................... 2
3.3 Operations. ....................................................................................................................... 2
3.3.1 Starting operation. ............................................................................................................ 2
3.3.2 Normal operation. ............................................................................................................ 2
3.4 Operational voltage range. ............................................................................................... 2
3.5 Transient waveform characteristics. ................................................................................. 2
3.5.1 Rise time. ......................................................................................................................... 2
3.5.2 Fall time. .......................................................................................................................... 3
3.5.3 Recovery time. ................................................................................................................. 3
3.5.4 Ripple. .............................................................................................................................. 3
3.6 Types of transient waveforms. ......................................................................................... 3
3.6.1 Starting disturbance. ........................................................................................................ 3
3.6.2 Voltage spike. .................................................................................................................. 4
3.6.3 Voltage surge. .................................................................................................................. 5
3.6.4 Intermittent contact. ......................................................................................................... 6
3.7 Reverse polarity................................................................................................................ 6
4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................................... 6
4.1 Reverse polarity................................................................................................................ 6
4.2 Electromagnetic compatibility. ........................................................................................ 7
4.3 Electrostatic discharge...................................................................................................... 7
5 DETAILED REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................................... 7
5.1 Voltage compatibility requirements. ................................................................................ 7
5.1.1 Steady state operation. ..................................................................................................... 7
5.1.2 Starting operation. ............................................................................................................ 7
5.1.3 Transient disturbances. .................................................................................................... 8
5.2 Voltage compatibility verification setup. ......................................................................... 9
5.2.1 Environmental conditions. ............................................................................................... 9
5.2.2 Calibration of test equipment. ........................................................................................ 10
5.2.3 Nominal voltage. ............................................................................................................ 10
5.2.4 Measurement tolerance. ................................................................................................. 10
5.2.5 Measurement reference point. ........................................................................................ 11
5.2.6 Power return. .................................................................................................................. 11
5.2.7 Loads. ............................................................................................................................. 11
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Table of Figures
Figure 1. Recovery time. ................................................................................................................ 3
Figure 2. Sample starting disturbance waveform. ......................................................................... 4
Figure 3. Voltage spike. ................................................................................................................. 4
Figure 4. Sample alternator load dump waveform......................................................................... 5
Figure 5. Sample intermittent contact waveform. .......................................................................... 6
Figure 6. Starting disturbance limits on 28VDC systems. ............................................................. 8
Figure 7. Envelope of spikes for 28VDC systems. ........................................................................ 9
Figure 8. Envelope of surges for 28VDC systems. ...................................................................... 10
Figure 9. Sample test setup for immunity to injected voltage spikes. ......................................... 12
Figure 10. Sample test setup for exported voltage spikes and surges. ......................................... 13
Figure 11. Sample test circuit for immunity to injected voltage surges. ..................................... 14
Table of Tables
Table I. Positive voltage surge test parameters. ........................................................................... 14
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1 SCOPE
1.1 Scope.
This standard defines the operating voltage limits and transient voltage characteristics of the 28
VDC electrical power at the input power terminals to the utilization equipment connected to the
electrical power distribution system on military ground vehicle platforms.
2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS
2.1 General.
The documents listed in this section are cited in sections 3, 4 and 5 of this document. This
section does not include documents cited in other sections of this standard or recommended for
additional information or as examples. While every effort has been made to ensure the
completeness of this list, the users of this standard are cautioned that they must meet all
requirements of documents cited in sections 3, 4 and 5 of this standard, whether or not they are
listed in this section.
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
SAE INTERNATIONAL
(Copies of these documents are available from www.sae.org or SAE Customer Service, 400
Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.)
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3 DEFINITIONS
3.3 Operations.
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threshold is defined to be the time when the amplitude is equal to ninety percent (90%) of the
maximum value of the transient.
3.5.4 Ripple.
The regular and/or irregular variations of voltage about a fixed DC voltage level during normal
operation of a DC system.
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voltage. An example showing “Initial Engagement Surge” (IES) and “Cranking”; i.e., voltage
level during active engine cranking is shown in Figure 2.
Vpeak
0.9 V peak
fosc
0.1 V peak
0 VDC
Time
trise
tduration
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Volt
s
VPEAK
V90%
V10%
VNOM
tRISE
tWIDTH
0
Time
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Volt
s
VNOM
0
Time
Intermittent contact may affect operation of equipment in one of two ways. First, equipment
power feed(s) controlled by the relay/switch may be directly affected with resets, dropouts, etc.
Second, the electrical noise generated by the intermittent contact on a directly connected wire
may be coupled to nearby wires in the wiring harness through electric/magnetic field coupling.
4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
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5 DETAILED REQUIREMENTS
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40
35
33V
30
25
20 20V
Volts
16V
15
0
-1 0 1 2 3 28 29 30 31 32 33
Time (s)
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300
150
100
50
Volts
0
-50
-100
18V, 1 ms
-150
-200
Testing under different environmental conditions (e.g., extremes of operating temperature) shall
be conducted at the discretion of the appropriate authority.
The electromagnetic environment (e.g., background noise) shall not interfere with the
measurement instrumentation setup.
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105
100V, 50 ms Notes:
The solid line includes ripple voltage.
100 Source Impedance for Injected Surges:
Surges originate from a nominal source impedance of 500 mΩ
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40
33V, 500 ms
Volts
35
33V
30
25
20 20V
18V
15 20V, 600 ms
10 18V, 500 ms
0
1 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Time (ms)
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If a power return is not specified, the EUT power return conductor shall be equivalent to the
EUT power source conductor.
In cases where the EUT uses the vehicle structure as the power return, a ground plane in
accordance with (IAW) MIL-STD-461 shall be used to simulate the vehicle’s metal structure as
the return current path. The negative (-) terminal of the EUT as well as the negative (-) terminal
of the power source shall be bonded to the ground plane.
5.2.7 Loads.
Loads representative of the actual installation on vehicle shall be used to test the EUT if the EUT
is not a standalone device.
Verify the EUT operates as specified while subjected to the ripple. Any deviation from normal
operation shall be recognized as a failure of the EUT.
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TRANSIENT
GENERATOR
(+)
POWER 5µH
SUPPLY EUT LOADS
LISN
(-)
5µH
LISN
One LISN shall be used when the power return is the vehicle chassis; in this case the ground
plane provides the power return current path. Two LISNs shall be used when the EUT has a
dedicated power return conductor, such as wires, buss bar, etc. This simulates the additional
vehicle wiring harness present in the vehicle.
Both positive and negative voltage spikes shall be applied to the EUT. A minimum of fifty (50)
250V spikes of each polarity shall be applied at one (1) second intervals. Each test spike shall
have a peak amplitude of 250V, a risetime not exceeding 50 ns, a frequency of oscillation greater
than 100 kHz and less than 500 kHz, and a maximum energy content of 2 Joules.
Verify the EUT operates as specified while subjected to the voltage spikes. Any deviation from
normal operation shall be recognized as a failure of the EUT.
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DIGITAL
STORAGE
OSCILLOSCOPE
(+)
POWER 5µH
SUPPLY EUT LOADS
LISN
(-)
5µH
LISN
Figure 10. Sample test setup for exported voltage spikes and surges.
One LISN shall be used when the power return is the vehicle chassis; in this case the ground
plane provides the power return current path. Two LISNs shall be used when the EUT has a
dedicated power return conductor, such as wires, buss bar, etc. This simulates the additional
vehicle wiring harness present in the vehicle.
The test operator shall exercise switching function(s) of the EUT capable of producing spikes,
(e.g., the switching of any inductive loads controlled by the EUT). If the power source to the
EUT is controlled by means of a vehicle mounted switch or relay, the test shall be performed
using this switch or relay. Each switching function shall be exercised a minimum of thirty-two
(32) times in order to give a reasonable probability that the maximum spike voltage is recorded.
The test operator shall monitor the operation of the EUT. Voltage spikes emitted by the EUT
shall be within the limits shown in Figure 7. Any voltage spike or combination of voltage spikes
emitted from a single event shall have an energy content less than 125 mJ.
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Figure 11. Sample test circuit for immunity to injected voltage surges.
The voltage waveform injected on the power line(s) of the EUT shall simulate the voltage surge
shown in Figure 4. The voltage surge parameters are shown in Table I. Energy emitted from the
transient surge generator shall be limited to 60 Joules.
Prior to connection of the EUT, the test operator shall verify the amplitude and duration of the
voltage surge specified in Table I with a non-inductive load whose resistance is matched to the
source impedance of the transient generator.
Verify the EUT operates as specified while subjected to the voltage surges. Any deviation from
normal operation shall be recognized as a failure of the EUT.
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The test operator shall monitor the operation of the EUT. Voltage surges emitted by the EUT
shall be within the limits shown in Figure 8.
6 NOTES
(This section contains information of a general or explanatory nature, which may be helpful, but
is not mandatory.)
6.2 Acronyms.
Acronym Definition
EUT Equipment Under Test
IAW In Accordance With
IES Initial Engagement Surge
LISN Line Impedance Stabilization Network
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers
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NOTE: The activities listed above were interested in this document as of the date of this
document. Since organizations and responsibilities can change, you should verify the currency of
the information above using the ASSIST Online, database at https://assist.dla.mil.
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