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THE LIBRARY

THE UNIVERSITY OF
BRITISH COLUMBIA
i/Ojk ^
iLji^\A.
OLD.FASHIONED FLOWERS
 Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive
in 2010 witii funding from
University of Britisii Columbia Library

http://www.archive.org/details/oldfashionedflowOOmaet
 Andre & Sleigh. Uil

Orange Lilies and otlier Old-fashioned Flowers.

Froiitispiec*,
OLD-FASHIONED
FLOWERS and other
Open-Air Essays ^ ^
by Maurice Maeterlinck
Translated by A. Teixeira de Mattos
With Illustrations by G. S. Elgood

London: George Allen ^ 1906

 y^// rights reserved

Printed by Ballantyne, Hanson &• Co.

At the Ballantyne Press
 CONTENTS
Page
OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS . . . . i

NEWS OF SPRING 47

FIELD FLOWERS 71

CHRYSANTHEMUMS 91
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Old-fashioned Flowers

This morning, when I went to look at

my flowers, surrounded by their white

fence, which protects them against

the good cattle grazing in the field

beyond, I saw again in my mind all

that blossoms in the woods, the fields,

the gardens, the orangeries and the

green^houses ; and I thought of all

that we owe to the world of marvels

which the bees visit,

1
 OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
Can we conceive what humanity
would be if it did not know the

flowers ? If these did not exist, if

they had all been hidden from our

gaze, as are probably a thousand no

less fairy sights that are all around

us, but invisible to our eyes, would

our character, our moral system, our

sense of the beautiful, our aptitude

for happiness be quite the same?

We should, it is true, in nature

have other splendid manifestations of

luxury, exuberance and grace; other

dazzling efforts of the infinite forces:

the sun, the stars, the varied lights

 OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
of the moon, the sky and the sea, the

dawns and the twilights, the moun^

tain and the plain, the forest and the

rivers, the light and the trees and,

lastly, nearer to us, birds, precious

stones and woman. These are the

ornaments of our planet. Yet, but

for the last three, which belong to the

same smile of nature, how grave,

austere, almost sad would be the

education of our eye without the soft^

ness which the flowers give I Sup^

pose, for a moment, that our globe

knew them not: a great region, the

most enchanted in the joys of our

3
 OLD.FASHIONED FLOWERS
psychology, would be destroyed, or

rather would not be discovered. All

of a delightful sense would sleep for

ever at the bottom of our harder and

more desert hearts and in our imagi^

nation stripped of worshipful images.

The infinite world of colours and

shades would have been but income

pletely revealed to us by a few rents

in the sky. The miraculous har^

monies of light at play, ceaselessly

inventing new gaieties, seeming to

revel in itself, would be unknown to

us; for the flowers first broke up the

prism and made the most subtle

4
 OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
portion of our sight. And the magic

garden of perfumes: who would have

opened its gate to us ? A few grasses,

a few gums, a few fruits, the breath

of the dawn, the smell of the night

and the sea would have told us that

beyond our eyes and ears there existed

a shut paradise where the air which

we breathe changes into delights for

which we could have found no name.

Consider also all that the voice of

human happiness would lack! One

of the blessed heights of our soul

would be almost dumb, if the flowers

had not, since centuries, fed with their

5
 OLD.FASHIONED FLOWERS
beauty the language which we speak

and the thoughts that endeavour to

crystallize the most precious hours of

life. The whole vocabulary, all the

impressions of love are impregnate

with their breath, nourished with their

smile. When we love, all the flowers

that we have seen and smelt hasten

to people with their known charms

the consciousness of a sentiment

whose happiness, but for them, would

have no more form than the horizon

of the sea or sky. They have accu^

mulated within us, since our child^

hood and even before it, in the soul

6
 OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
of our fathers, an immense treasure,

the nearest to our joys, upon which

we draw each time that we wish to

make more real the clement minutes

of our life. They have created and

spread in our world of sentiment the

fragrant atmosphere in which love

delights.

That is why I love above all the

simplest, the commonest, the oldest

and the most antiquated : those which

have a long human past behind them,

a large array of kind and consoling

7
 OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
actions; those which have lived with

us for hundreds of years and which

form part of ourselves, since they re^

fleet something of their grace and their

joy of life in the soul of our ancestors.

But where do they hide themselves ?

They are becoming rarer than those

which we call rare flowers tO'day.

Their life is secret and precarious. It

seems as though we were on the point

of losing them ; and perhaps there are

some which, discouraged at last, have

lately disappeared, of which the seeds

have died under the ruins, which will

no more know the dew of the gardens

8
 OLD.FASHIONED FLOWERS
and which wc shall find only in very

old books, amid the bright grass of

the miniature-painters or along the

yellow flower-beds of the Primitives.

They are driven from the borders

and the proud baskets by arrogant

strangers from Peru, the Cape of

Good Hope, China, Japan. They

have two pitiless enemies in particu"

lar. The first of these is the encum^

bering and prolific Begonia Tuberosa,

that swarms in the beds like a tribe

of turbulent fighting^cocks, with in^

numerous combs. It is pretty, but

insolent and a little artificial; and,

9
 OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
whatever the silence and meditation

of the hour, under the sun and under

the moon, in the intoxication of the

day and the solemn peace of the night,

it sounds its clarion cry and celebrates

a monotonous, shrill and scentless

victory. The other is the Double

Geranium, not quite so indiscreet, but

indefatigable also and extraordinarily

courageous. It would appear desir^

able were it less lavished. These

two, with the help of a few more

cunning strangers and of the plants

with coloured leaves that form those

bloated mosaics which at present

10
 OLD.FASHIONED FLOWERS
debase the beautiful lines of most of

our lawns, these two have gradually-

ousted their native sisters from the

spots which these had so long bright'

ened with their familiar smiles. They

no longer have the right to receive

the guest with artless little cries of

welcome at the gilded gates of the

mansion. They are forbidden to

prattle near the steps, to twitter in

the marble vases, to hum their tune

beside the lakes, to lisp their dialect

along the borders. A few of them

have been relegated to the kitchen^

garden, in the neglected and, for that

11
 OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
matter, delightful corner occupied by

the medicinal or merely aromatic

plants, the Sage, the Tarragon, the

Fennel and the Thyme, old servants,

too, themselves dismissed and nour^

ished only through a sort of pity or

mechanical tradition. Others have

taken refuge by the stables and the

coach-house, near the low door of

the kitchen or the cellar, where

they crowd humbly like importunate

beggars, hiding their bright dresses

among the weeds and holding their

frightened perfumes as best they may,

so as not to attract attention.

12
 ;

OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
But, even there, the Pelargonium,

red with indignation, and the Begonia,

crimson with rage, came to surprise

and hustle the unoffending little band

and they fled to the farms, the ceme^

teries, the little gardens of the rectories,

the old maids^ houses and the country

convents. And now hardly any^

where, save in the oblivion of the

oldest villages, around tottering dwells

ings, far from the railways and the

nursery ^gardener's overbearing hot'

houses, do we find them again with

their natural smile: not wearing a

driven, panting and hunted look, but

13
 OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
peaceful, calm, restful, plentiful, care^

less and at home. And, as in

former times, in the coaching days,

from the top of the stone wall that

surrounds the house, through the

rails of the white fence or from the

sill of the windows enlivened by a

caged bird, on the motionless road

where none passes save the eternal

forces of life, they see Spring come

and Autumn, the rain and the sun,

the butterflies and the bees, the silence

and the darkness, followed by the

light of the moon.

14
 OLD.FASHIONED FLOWERS

Brave old flowers! Wall^flowers,

Gillyflowers, Stocks I For, even as

the field'flowers, from which a trifle,

a ray of beauty, a drop of perfume,

divides them, they have charming

names, the softest in the language;

and each of them, like tiny, artless

ex^votos, or like medals bestowed by

the gratitude of men, proudly bears

three or four. You Gillyflowers, who

sing among the ruined waUs and
cover with light the grieving stones;

you Garden Primroses, Primulas

15
 OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
or Cowslips, Hyacinths, Crocuses

and Cinerarias, Crown Imperials,

Scented Violets, Lilies of the Valley,

Forget-me-nots, Daisies and Peri^

winkles, Poet^s Narcissuses, Pheas^

ant*S'Eycs, Beards 'Ears, Alyssums,

Saxifrage, Anemones: it is through

you that the months that come before

the leaf^time —February, March, April

—translate into smiles which men

can understand the first news and
the first mysterious kisses of the

sun I You are frail and chilly, and

yet as bold-faced as a bright idea.

You make young the grass; you are

16
 OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
fresh as the water that flows in the

azure cups which the dawn distri^

butcs over the greedy buds, ephemeral

as the dreams of a child, almost

wild still and almost spontaneous, yet

already marked by the too^precocious

brilliancy, the too ^ flaming nimbus,

the toO'pensive grace that overwhelm

the flowers which yield obedience to

man.

But here, innumerous, disordered,

many-'coloured, tumultuous, drunk with

dawns and noons, come the luminous

17
 OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
dances of the daughters of Summer!
Little girls with white veils and old

maids in violet ribbons, schoolgirls

home for the holidays, first^communi^

cants, pale nuns, dishevelled romps,

gossips and prudes. Here is the

Marigold, who breaks up with her

brightness the green of the borders.

Here is the Chamomile, like a nose^

gay of snow, beside her unwearying

brothers, the Garden Chrysanthe^

mums, whom we must not confuse

with the Japanese Chrysanthemums of

Autumn. The Annual Helianthus, or

Sunflower, towers like a priest raising

18
G s EIk'hhI Aiiilri' * .-leiKli, UJ

" The rough Larkspur, in his peasant s blouse."

p. 19.
 OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
the monstrance over the lesser folk in

prayer and strives to resemble the orb

which he adores. The Poppy exerts

himself to fill with light his cup torn

by the morning wind. The rough

Larkspur, in his peasant's blouse,

who thinks himself more beautiful

than the sky, looks down upon the

Dwarf Convolvuluses, who reproach

him spitefully with putting too much

blue into the azure of his flowers.

The Virginia Stock, arch and demure

in her gown of jaconet, like the little

servant-maids of Dordrecht or Leyden,

seems to wash the borders of the

19
 OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
beds with innocence. The Mignonette

hides herself in her laboratory and

silently distils perfumes that give us

a foretaste of the air which we breathe

on the threshold of Paradise. The

Peonies, who have drunk their im^

prudent fill of the sun, burst with

enthusiasm and bend forward to meet

the coming apoplexy. The Scarlet

Flax traces a blood-stained furrow

that guards the walks; and the Por^

tulaca, or Sun^plant, the wealthy cousin

of the Purslane, creeping like a moss,

studies to cover with mauve, amber

or pink taffeta the soil that has

20
 OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
remained bare at the foot of the tall

stalks. The chub^faced Dahlia, a

little round, a little stupid, carves out

of soap, lard or wax his regular pom^

pons, which will be the ornament of

a village holiday. The old, paternal

Phlox, standing amid the clusters,

lavishes the loud laughter of his jolly,

easy-going colours. The Mallows,

or Lavateras, like demure misses,

feel the tenderest blushes of fugitive

modesty mount to their corollas at

the slightest breath. The Nasturtium

paints his water-colours, or screams

like a parakeet climbing up the bars

21
 OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
of its cage; and the Garden Mallow,

Althaea Rosea, Hollyhock, Jacobus

Rod, riding the high horse of her

many names, flaunts her cockades of

a flesh silkier than a maiden^s breast.

The Snapdragon and the almost

transparent Balsam arc more timor^

ous and awkward and fearfully press

their flowers against their stalks.

Next, in the discreet corner of the

old families, are crowded the Long^

leaved Veronica; the Red Potentilla;

the African Marigold ; the ancient Lych^

nis, or Bachelor^s Button ; the Mourn^

ful Widow, or Purple Scabious; the
22
 OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
Foxglove, or Digitalis, who shoots up

like a melancholy rocket; the Euro^

pean Aquilegia, or Columbine ; the Vis^

caria, who, on a long, slim neck, lifts

a small ingenuous, quite round face to

admire the sky; the lurking Honesty,

who secretly manufactures the **Pope*s

money,^^ those pale, flat crown^pieces

with which, no doubt, the elves and

fairies by moonlight carry on their

trade in spells ; lastly, the Pheasant*s^

Eye, the red Valerian, or Jupiter's^

Beard, the Sweet William and the old

Carnation, that was cultivated long

ago by the Grand Cond^ in his exile.

23
 OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
Beside these, above, all around, on

the walls, in the hedges, among the

arbours, along the branches, like a

people of sportive monkeys and birds,

the climbing plants make merry, per^

form feats of gymnastics, play at

swinging, at losing and recovering

their balance, at falling, at flying, at

looking up at space, at reaching be^

yond the tree^tops to kiss the sky.

Here wc have the Spanish Bean and

the Sweet Pea, quite proud at being

no longer included among the vege^

tables; the modest Convolvulus; the

Honeysuckle, whose scent represents

24
 OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
the soul of the dew ; the Clematis and

the Wistaria; while, at the windows,

between the white curtains, along the

stretched string, the Campanula, sur^

named Pyramidalis, works such mir^

aclcs, throws out sheaves and twists

garlands formed of a thousand uni-

form flowers so prodigiously immacu-

late and transparent that they who

see it for the first time, refusing to

believe their eyes, want to touch with

their finger the bluey marvel, cool as

a fountain, pure as a source, unreal

as a dream.

Meanwhile, in a blaze of light, the

25
 OLD.FASHIONED FLOWERS
great white Lily^ the old lord of the

gardens, the only authentic prince

among all the commonahy issuing

from the kitchen^garden, the ditches,

the copses, the pools and the moors,

among the strangers come from none

knows where, with his invariable

six^petalled chalice of silver, whose

nobility dates back to that of the

gods themselves : the immemorial Lily

raises his ancient sceptre, august,

inviolate, which creates around it

a zone of chastity, silence and

light.

26
 OLD-.FASHIONED FLOWERS

I have seen them, those whom I

have named and as many whom I

have forgotten, all thus collected in the

garden of an old sage, the same that

taught me to love the bees. They dis^

played themselves in beds and clusters,

in symmetrical borders, ellipses, ob^

longs, quincunxes and lozenges, sur^

rounded by box hedges, red bricks,

earthenware tiles or brass chains, like

precious matters contained in ordered

receptacles similar to those which we

find in the discoloured engravings that

27
 OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
illustrate the works of the old Dutch

poet, Jacob Cats, or of good Abbot

Sanderus, who, about the middle of

the seventeenth century, drew and

described in his "Flandria Illustrata*'

all the country-seats of Flanders and

never failed to show his gratitude by

topping with a magnificent plume or

bush of smoke the chimneys of those

great manor-houses where he had re^

ceived a plentiful hospitality and ex^

cellent good cheer. And the flowers

were drawn up in rows, some accord"

ing to their kinds, others according

to their shapes and shades, while

28
 OLD-'FASHIONED FLOWERS
others, lastly, mingled, according to

the ever happy chances of the wind

and sun, the most hostile and mur^

derous colours, in order to show that

nature acknowledges no dissonance

and that all that lives creates its own
harmony.

From its twelve rounded windows,

with their glittering panes, their muslin

curtains, their broad green shutters,

the long, painted house, pink and

gleaming as a shell, watched them

wake at dawn and throw off the

brisk diamonds of the dew and close

at night under the blue darkness that

29
 OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
falls from the stars. One felt that it

took an intelligent pleasure in this

gentle daily fairy^scene, itself solidly

planted between two clear ditches that

lost themselves in the distance of

the immense pasturage dotted with

motionless cows, while, by the road^

side, a proud mill, bending forward

like a preacher, made familiar signs

with its paternal sails to the passers^

by from the village.

Has this earth of ours a fairer or^

nament of its hours of leisure than

30
 ;

OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
the care of flowers ? It was beautiful

to see thus collected for the pleasure

of the eyes, around the house of my

placid friend, the splendid throng that

tills the light to win from it marvellous

colours, honey and perfumes. He

found there translated into visible and

positive joys, at the gates of his house,

the scattered, fleeting and almost in<

tangible delights of Summer: the vol'

uptuous air, the clement nights, the

emotional sunbeams, the glad hours,

the confiding dawn, the whispering

and mysterious azured space. He en^

joyed not only their dazzling presence

31
 —

OLD.FASHIONED FLOWERS
he also hoped — probably unwisely, so

deep and confused is that mystery

he also hoped, by dint of questioning

them, to surprise, with their aid, I

know not what secret law or idea of

nature, I know not what private

thought of the universe, which per-*

haps betrays itself in those ardent

moments in which it strives to please

other beings, to beguile other lives

and to create beauty. . . .

7
Old'fashioned flowers, I said. I

was wrong; for they are not so old.

32
 OLD.FASHIONED FLOWERS
When we study their history and

investigate their pedigrees, we learn

with surprise that most of them,

down to the simplest and commonest,

are new beings, freedmen, exiles, up^

starts, visitors, foreigners. Any botanic

cal treatise will reveal their origins.

The Tulip, for instance (remember

La Bruyere's *' Solitary,"* '*

Oriental,''

''Agate ''and ''Cloth of Gold"), came

from Constantinople in the sixteenth

century. The Buttercup, the Moon-

wort, or Honesty, the Caltrop, the

Balsam, the Fuchsia, the African

Marigold, or Tagetes Erecta, the Rose

33
 ;

OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
Campion, or Lychnis Coronaria, the

Variegated Aconite, the Amarantus

Caudatus, or Love-lies-bleeding, the

Hollyhock and the Campanula Pyra^

midalis arrived at about the same

time from the Indies, Mexico, Persia,

Syria and Italy. The Pansy appears

in 1613 ; the Yellow Alyssum in 1710

the Perennial Flax in 1775; the Scar^

let Flax in 1819; the Purple Scabious

in 1629; the Saxifraga Sarmentosa in

1771 ; the Long'Ieaved Veronica in

1731. The Perennial Phlox is a little

older. The China Pink made her cn^

trance into our gardens about 1713.

34
G. S. ElgooJ, Andre & Sleigh, Ltd.

The old, paternal Phlox/

p. 34.
 OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
The Garden Pink is of modern date.

The Portulaca did not make her ap*

pearance till 1828; the Scarlet Sage

till 1822. The Ageratum, now so

plentiful and so popular, is not two

centuries old. The Elichrysum, or

Xeranthemum, is even younger. The

Zinnia is just a centenarian. The
Spanish Bean, a native of South

America, and the Sweet Pea, an

immigrant from Sicily, number a

little over two hundred years. The

Chamomile, whom we find in

the least - known villages, has been

cuhivated only since 1699. The

35
 —

OLD^FASHIONED FLOWERS
charming Blue Lobelia of our borders

came to us from the Cape of Good

Hope at the time of the French

Revolution, The China Aster, or

Reine Marguerite, is dated 1731. The

Annual or Drummond^s Phlox, now
so common, was sent over from

Texas in 1835. The large^flowered

Lavatera, or Tree^Mallow, who looks

so confirmed a native, so simple a

rustic, has blossomed in our northern

gardens only since two centuries and

a half; and the Petunia since some

twenty lustres. The Mignonette, the

Heliotrope —who would believe it?

36
 OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
are not two hundred years old. The
Dahlia was born in 1802; and the

Gladiolus and Gloxinia are of yester^

day.

What flowers, then, blossomed in

the gardens of our fathers? They

were very few, no doubt, and very

small and very humble, scarce to be

distinguished from those of the roads,

the fields and the glades. Have you

ever observed the poverty and the

monotony, most skilfully disguised,

of the floral decoration of the finest

37
 OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
miniatures in our old manuscripts?

Again, the pictures in our museums,

down to the end of the Renascence

period, have only five or six types

of flowers, incessantly repeated, where^

with to enliven the richest palaces,

the most marvellous views of Para^

dise. Before the sixteenth century,

our gardens were almost bare; and,

later, Versailles itself, Versailles the

splendid, could have shown us only

what the poorest village shows to^

day. Alone, the Violet, the Garden

Daisy, the Lily of the Valley, the

Marigold, the Poppy, a few Crocuses,

38
 OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
a few Irises, a few Colchicums, the

Foxglove, the Valerian, the Larkspur,

the Cornflower, the Wild Pink, the

Forget-me-not, the Gillyflower, the

Mallow, the Rose, still almost a

Sweetbriar, and the great silver Lily,

the spontaneous ornaments of our

woods and of our snow^frightened,

wind'frightened fields: these alone

smiled upon our forefathers, who, for

that matter, were unaware of their

poverty. Man had not yet learnt to

look around him, to enjoy the life of

nature. Then came the Renascence,

the great voyages, the discovery and

39
 OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
the invasion of the sunlight. All the

flowers of the world, the successful

efforts, the deep, inmost beauties, the

joyful thoughts and wishes of the

planet rose up to us, borne on a

shaft of light that, in spite of its

heavenly wonder, issued from our

own earth. Man ventured forth from

the cloister, the crypt, the town of

brick and stone, the gloomy strongs
hold in which he had slept. He went
down into the garden, which became

peopled with bees, purple and per^

fumes ; he opened his eyes, astounded

like a child escaping from the dreams

40
 OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
of the night ; and the forest, the plain,

the sea and the mountains and, lastly,

the birds and the flowers, that speak

in the name of all a more human

language which he already under^

stood, greeted his awakening.

Nowadays, perhaps, there are no

more unknown flowers. We have

found all or nearly all the forms

which nature lends to the great dream

of love, to the yearning for beauty

that stirs within her bosom. We

live, so to speak, in the midst of her
41
 OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
tenderest confidences, of her most
touching inventions. We take an un^

hoped-for part in the most mysterious

festivals of the invisible force that

animates us also. Doubtless, in ap*

pearance, it is a small thing that a

few more flowers should adorn our

beds. They only scatter a few im^

potent smiles along the paths that

lead to the grave. It is none the less

true that these are new smiles, which

were unknown to those who came

before us ; and this recently-discovered

happiness spreads generously in every

direction, even to the doors of the

42
 OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
most wretched hovels. The good,

the simple flowers arc as happy and

as gorgeous in the poor man's strip

of garden as in the broad lawns of

the great house; and they surround

the cottage with the supreme beauty

of the earth: for the earth has till

now produced nothing more beautiful

than the flowers. They have com"

pleted the conquest of the globe.

Foreseeing the days when men shall

at last have long and equal leisure,

already they promise an equality in

sane enjoyments. Yes, assuredly it is

a small thing ; and everything is a

43
 ;

OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
small thing, if we look at each of our

little victories one by one. It is a

small thing, too, in appearance, that we

should have a few more thoughts in

our heads, a new feeling at our hearts

and yet it is just that which is slowly

leading us where we hope to arrive*

After all, we have here a very real

fact, namely, that we live in a world

in which flowers are more beautiful

and more numerous than formerly;

and perhaps we have the right to add

that the thoughts of men are now

more just and greedier of truth. The
smallest joy gained and the smallest
44
 OLD.FASHIONED FLOWERS
grief conquered should be marked in

the Book of Humanity. It behoves

us not to lose sight of any of the

evidence that we are mastering the

nameless powers, that we are begins

ning to handle some of the laws that

govern the created, that we are

making our planet our home, that we

are adorning our stay and gradually

broadening the acreage of happiness

and of beautiful life.

45
 Aii.lr. ASl.i;.!. It

Peach'blossom.

t 47
 —

News of Spring
I

I HAVE seen how Spring stores up

sunshine, leaves and flowers and

makes ready, long beforehand, to in^

vade the North. Here, on the ever^

balmy shores of the Mediterranean

that motionless sea which looks as

though it were under glass —where,

while the months are dark in the rest

of Europe, Spring has taken shelter

from the wind and the snows in a

47
 NEWS OF SPRING
palace of peace and light and love,

it is interesting to detect its prepara^

tions for travelling in the fields of

undying green. I can see clearly that

it is afraid, that it hesitates once more

to face the great frost^traps which

February and March lay for it annu^

ally beyond the mountains. It waits,

it dallies, it tries its strength before

resuming the harsh and cruel way

which the hypocrite winter seems to

yield to it. It stops, sets out again,

revisits a thousand times, like a child

running round the garden of its holi^

days, the fragrant valleys, the tender

48
 NEWS OF SPRING
hills which the frost has never brushed

with its wings. It has nothing to

do here, nothing to revive, since no^

thing has perished and nothing suf^

fered, since all the flowers of every

season bathe here in the blue air of

an eternal summer. But it seeks pre^

texts, it lingers, it loiters, it goes to

and fro like an unoccupied gardener.

It pushes aside the branches, fondles

with its breath the olive-tree that

quivers with a silver smile, polishes

the glossy grass, rouses the corollas

that were not asleep, recalls the birds

that had never fled, encourages the

49
 NEWS OF SPRING
bees that were workers without ceas'

mg; and then^ seeing, like God, that

all is well in the spotless Eden, it

rests for a moment on the ledge of

a terrace which the orange^trce crowns

with regular flowers and with fruits

of light; and, before leaving, casts a

last look over its labour of joy and

entrusts it to the sun.

I have followed it, these past few

days, on the banks of the Borigo,

from the torrent of Carei to the Val

de Gorbio ; in those little rustic

50
 NEWS OF SPRING
towns, Ventimiglia, Tcndc, SospcIIo;

in those curious villages, perched upon

rocks, Sant' Agnese, Castellar, Cas^

tillon ; in that adorable and already

quite Italian country which surrounds

Mentone, You go through a few

streets quickened with the cosmopol^

itan and somewhat hateful life of the

Riviera; you leave behind you the

band'Stand, with its everlasting town

music, around which gather the con*

sumptive rank and fashion of Men^

tone; and behold, at two steps from

the crowd that dreads it as it would

a scourge from Heaven, you find the
51
 ;

NEWS OF SPRING
admirable silence of the trees, with all

the goodly Virgilian realities of sunk

roads, clear springs, shady pools that

sleep on the mountain^slopes, where

they seem to await a goddesses re^

flection. You climb a path between

two stone walls brightened by violets

and crowned with the strange brown

cowls of the arum arisarum, with its

leaves of so deep a green that one

might believe them to be created to

symbolize the coolness of the well

and the amphitheatre of a valley opens

like a moist and splendid flower.

Through the blue veil of the giant

52
 NEWS OF SPRING
olivc'treest that cover the horizon with

a transparent curtain of scintillating

pearls, gleams the discreet and har^

monious brilliancy of all that men

imagine in their dreams and paint

upon scenes that are thought unreal

and unrealizable, when they wish to

define the ideal gladness of an im^

mortal hour, of some enchanted island,

of a lost paradise or the dwelling of

the gods.

All along the valleys of the coast

are hundreds of these amphitheatres

53
 NEWS OF SPRING
which arc as stages whereon, by-

moonlight or amid the peace of the

mornings and afternoons, are acted

the dumb fairy^plays of the world^s

contentment. They arc all alike ; and

yet each of them reveals a different

happiness. Each of them, as though

they were the faces of a bevy of

equally happy and equally beautiful

sisters, wears its distinguishing smile.

A cluster of cypresses, with its pure

outline ; a mimosa that resembles a

bubbling spring of sulphur ; a grove

of orange^trees with dark and heavy

tops symmetrically charged with golden

54
 ;

NEWS OF SPRING
fruits that suddenly proclaim the royal

affluence of the soil that feeds them;

a slope covered with lemon^trees,

where the night seems to have heaped

up on a mountain^side, to await a
new twilight, the stars gathered by
the dawn ; a leafy portico opening

over the sea like a deep glance that

suddenly discloses an infinite thought

a brook hidden like a tear of joy;

a trellis awaiting the purple of the

grapes; a great stone basin drinking

in the water that trickles from the

tip of a green reed : all and yet

none modify the expression of the

55
 NEWS OF SPRING
rcstfulness, the tranquillity, the azure

silence, the blissfulness that is its own

delight.

But I am looking for Winter and

the print of its footsteps. Where is

it hiding ? It should be here ; and

how dares this feast of roses and

anemones, of soft air and dew, of

bees and birds display itself with

such assurance during the most

pitiless months of Winter^s reign?

And what will Spring do, what

will Spring say, since all seems

56
 NEWS OF SPRING
done, since all seems said? Is it

superfluous, then, and does nothing

await it?

No; search carefully: you shall

find amid this life of unwearying

youth the work of its hand, the per^

fume of its breath which is younger

than life. Thus, there are foreign

trees yonder, taciturn guests, like poor

relations in ragged clothes. They

come from very far, from the land

of fog and frost and wind. They

are aliens, sullen and distrustful.

They have not yet learned the limpid

speech, not adopted the delightful

57

H
 NEWS OF SPRING
customs of the South. They refused

to believe in the promises of the

sky and suspected the caresses of

the sun, which, from early dawn,

covers them with a mantle of silkier

and warmer rays than that with which

July loaded their shoulders in the

precarious summers of their native

land. It made no difference: at the

given hour, when snow was falling a

thousand miles away, their trunks

shivered and, despite the bold aver-

ment of the grass and a hundred

thousand flowers, despite the imperti-

nence of the roses that climb up to

58
 NEWS OF SPRING
them to bear witness to life, they

stripped themselves for their winter

sleep. Sombre and grim and bare

as the dead, they await the Spring

that bursts forth around them; and,

by a strange and excessive reaction,

they wait for it longer than under

the harsh, gloomy sky of Paris, for

in Paris, the buds are already begin'

ning to shoot. One recognizes them

here and there amid the holiday throng

whose motionless dances enchant the

hills. They are not many and they

conceal themselves: they are gnarled

oaks, beeches, planes; and even the

59
 NEWS OF SPRING
vine, which one would have thought

better^mannered, more docile and well'

informed, remains incredulous. There

they stand, black and gaunt, like sick

people on an Easter Sunday in the

church'porch made transparent by the

splendour of the sun. They have

been there for years: some of them,

perhaps, for two or three centu^

rics ; but they have the terror of

Winter in their marrow. They will

never lose the habit of death. They

have too much experience, they are

too old to forget and too old to learn.

Their hardened reason refuses to

60
 :

NEWS OF SPRING
admit the light when it docs not come

at the accustomed time. They arc

rugged old men, too wise to enjoy un^

foreseen pleasures. They are wrong

wisdom should not forbid any fine

indiscretion. Here, around the old,

around the grudging ancestors, is a

whole world of plants that know

nothing of the future, but give them^

selveis to it. They live but for a

season; they have no past and no

traditions and they know nothing,

except that the hour is fair and that

they must enjoy it. While their

ciders, their masters and their gods,

61
 ;

NEWS OF SPRING
sulk and waste their time, they burst

into flower; they love and they be^

get. They are the humble flowers

of dear solitude: the daisy that

covers the sward with its frank and

methodical neatness; the borage bluer

than the bluest sky; the anemone,

scarlet or dyed in aniline; the virgin

primrose ; the arborescent mallow

the wild hyacinth, shaking bells

which no one hears; the rosemary

that looks like a little country servings

maid; and the potent thyme that

thrusts its grey head between the

broken stones.
62
 NEWS OF SPRING
But, above all, this is the incom^

parable hour, the diaphanous and

liquid hour of the wood^violet. Its

proverbial humility becomes usurping

and almost intolerant. It no longer

cowers timidly among the leaves: it

hustles the grass, overtowers it, blots

it out, forces its colours upon it, fills

it with its breath. Its unnumbered

smiles cover the terraces of olives

and vines, the tracks of the ravines,

the bend of the valleys with a net

of sweet and innocent gaiety; its per^

fume, fresh and pure as the souls of

the springs that flow under the hills,

63
 NEWS OF SPRING
makes the air more translucent, the

silence more limpid and is, in very

deed, as a forgotten legend tells us,

the breath of Earth, all bathed in dew,

when, a virgin yet, she wakes in the

sun and yields herself wholly in the

first kiss of early dawn.

Again, in the little gardens that

surround the cottages, the bright little

houses with their Italian roofs, the

good vegetables, unprejudiced and un-*

pretentious, have known no doubts.

While the old peasant, who has come

64
 NEWS OF SPRING
to resemble the trees he cultivates,

digs the earth around the olives, the

spinach assumes a lofty bearing,

hastens to grow green nor takes the

least precaution; the garden bean

opens its eyes of jet in its pale leaves

and sees the night fall unmoved; the

giddy peas shoot and lengthen out,

covered with motionless and tenacious

butterflies, as though June had en^

tered the farm^gate ; the carrot blushes

as it faces the light; the ingenuous

strawberry^plants inhale the flavours

which noontide lavishes upon them

as it bends towards earth its sapphire
65
 NEWS OF SPRING
urns; the lettuce exerts itself to

achieve a heart of gold wherein to

lock the dews of morning and night.

The fruit-trees alone have long re^

fleeted: the example of the vegetables

among which they live urged them

to Join in the general rejoicing, but

the rigid attitude of their elders from

the North, of the grandparents born

in the great dark forests, preached

prudence to them. Nevertheless, they

awaken : they too can resist no longer

and at last make up their minds to

join the dance of perfumes and of

love. The peach-trees are now no

66
 NEWS OF SPRING
more than a rosy miracle, like the

softness of a child's skin turned into

azure vapour by the breath of dawn.

The pear and plum and apple and

almond^trees make dazzling efforts in

drunken rivalry; and the pale hazels

trees, like Venetian chandeliers, re^

splendent with a cascade of gems,

stand here and there to light the

feast.

As for the luxurious flowers that

seem to possess no other object than

themselves, they have long abandoned

the endeavour to fathom the mystery

of this boundless summer. They no

67
 NEWS OF SPRING
longer score the seasons, no longer
count the days; and, knowing not

what to do in the glowing disarray

of hours that have no shadow, dreads

ing lest they should be deceived and

lose a single second that might be

fair, they have resolved to bloom

without respite from January to De^

cember. Nature approves them and,

to reward their trust in happiness,

their generous beauty and their amor^

ous excesses, grants them a force, a

brilliancy and perfumes which she

never gives to those which hang

back and show a fear of life.

68
 NEWS OF SPRING
All this, among other truths, was
proclaimed by the little house that I

saw to-day on the side of a hill all

deluged in roses, carnations, wall^

flowers, heliotrope and mignonette,

so as to suggest the source, choked

and overflowing with flowers, whence

Spring was preparing to pour down

upon us; while, upon the stone

threshold of the closed door, waters

melons, lemons, oranges, limes and

Turkey figs slumbered peacefully in

the steel-blue shade and amid the

majestic, deserted, monotonous silence

of a perfect day.
69
 Aii.lrx' A 6Wit.lt. U>L

Foxglove and Dog-rose.

/. -/.
 Field Flowers
I

They welcome our steps without the

city gates, on a gay and eager carpet

of many colours, which they wave

madly in the sunlight. It is evident

that they were expecting us. When

the first bright rays of March ap^

peared, the Snowdrop or Winter^bell,

the heroic daughter of the hoar-frost,

sounded the reveille. Next sprang

from the earth efforts, as yet shapeless,
71
 ;

FIELD FLOWERS
of a slumbering memory, vague ghosts

of flowers, pale flowers that arc

scarcely flowers at all: the Threc^

fingered or Rue ^leaved Saxifrage;

the almost invisible Shepherd^s Purse

the Two cleaved Squill; the Helle^

bore, or Christmas Rose; the Colt's^

foot ; the gloomy and poisonous

Spurge Laurel : all plants of frail

and doubtful health, pale^blue, pale^

pink, undecided attempts, the first

fever of life in which nature expels

her ill'humours, anaemic captives set

free by Winter, convalescent patients

from the underground prisons, timid

72
 FIELD FLOWERS
and unskilful endeavours of the still

buried light.

But soon this light ventures forth

into space; the nuptial thoughts of

the earth become clearer and purer;

the rough attempts disappear; the

half^dreams of the night lift like a fog

dispelled by the dawn; and the good

rustic flowers begin their unseen revels

under the blue, all around the cities

where man knows them not. No

matter, they are there, making honey,
while their proud and barren sisters,

who alone receive our care, are

still trembling in the depths of the

73

K
 FIELD FLOWERS
hothouses. They will still be there, in

the flooded fields, in the broken paths

and adorning the roads with their

simplicity, when the first snows shall

have covered the country-side. No

one sows them and no one gathers

them. They survive their glory and

man treads them under foot. For^

merly, however, and not so long ago,

they alone represented Nature^s glad^

ness. Formerly, however, a few hun^

dred years ago, before their dazzling

and chilly kinswomen had come from

the Antilles, from India, from Japan, or

before their own daughters, ungrateful

74
 ;

FIELD FLOWERS
and unrecognizable, had usurped their

place, they alone enlivened the stricken

gaze, they alone brightened the cot^

tage^porch, the castle^precincts and

followed the lovers' footsteps in the

woods. But those times are no more

and they are dethroned. They have

retained of their past happiness only

the names which they received when

they were loved.

And these names show all that

they were to man: all his gratitude,

his studious fondness, all that he

owed them, all that they gave him

are there contained, like a secular

75
 FIELD FLOWERS
aroma in hollow pearls. And so

they bear names of queens, shep'

herdesses, virgins, princesses, sylphs

and fairies, which flow from the lips

like a caress, a lightning^flash, a kiss,

a murmur of love. Our language, I

think, contains nothing that is better,

more daintily, more affectionately^

named than these homely flowers*

Here the word clothes the idea

almost always with care, with light

precision, with admirable happiness.

It is like an ornate and transparent

stuff that moulds the form which it

embraces and has the proper shade,

76
 FIELD FLOWERS
perfume and sound. Call to mind
the Daisy, the Violet, the Bluebell,

the Poppy, or, rather, Coquelicot:

the name is the flower itself. How

wonderful, for instance, that sort of

cry and crest of light and joy, **

Coque-

licot F' to designate the scarlet flower

which the scientists crush under this

**
barbarous title ;
**
Papaver Rhoeas !

See the Primrose, or Primula, the

Periwinkle, the Anemone, the Wild

Hyacinth, the blue Speedwell, the

Bird^s-eye, the Forget-me-not, the Wild

Bindweed, or Convolvulus, the Iris,

the Harebell: their name depicts

77-
 FIELD FLOWERS
them by equivalents and analogies

which the greatest poets but rarely

light upon. It represents all their

ingenuous and visible soul. It hides

itself, bends over, rises to the ear

even as those who bear it lie con^

cealed, stoop forward, or stand erect

in the corn and in the grass.

These arc the few names that are

known to all of us ; we do not know

the others, though their music de^

scribes with the same gentleness, the

same happy genius, flowers which we

see by every wayside and upon all the

paths. Thus, at this moment, that

78
 FIELD FLOWERS
is to say at the end of the month in

which the ripe corn falls beneath the

reaper's sickle^ the banks of the roads

are a pale violet: it is the sweet and

gentle Scabious, who has blossomed

at last, discreet, aristocratically poor

and modestly beautiful, as her title,

that of a mist^veiled precious stone,

proclaims. Around her, a treasure

lies scattered: it is the Ranunculus,

or Buttercup, who has two names,

even as he has two lives; for he

is at once the innocent virgin that

covers the grass with sun ^ drops

and the redoubtable and venomous

79
 FIELD FLOWERS
wizard that deals out death to heed^

less animals. Again we have the

Yarrow and the Sneezewort, little

flowers, once useful, that march along

the roads like silent school^girls, clad

in a dull uniform; the vulgar and in^

numerous Bird^s Groundsel; her big

brother, the Lamb^s Lettuce of the

fields ; then the dangerous Black Nights

shade ; the Bitter-sweet, who hides her^

self ; the creeping Knot-grass, with the

patient leaves : all the families free from

show, with the resigned smile, wearing

the practical grey livery of Autumn,

which already is felt to be at hand.
80
 FIELD FLOWERS

But, among those of March, April,

May, June, July, remember the glad

and festive names, the springtime syl^

lables, the vocables of azure and dawn,

of moonlight and sunshine I Here is

the Snowdrop or Winter^bell, who

proclaims the thaw; the Stitch wort

or Satin •> flower, who greets the

first^communicants along the hedges,

whose leaves are as yet indeterminate

and uncertain, like a diaphanous green

lye. Here are the sad Columbine

and the Field Sage \ the Ploughman's

81
 FIELD FLOWERS
Spikchard, the Sheep's^bit, the An^
gelica, the Field Fennel; the Wall^

flower, dressed like a servant of a

village-'priest ; the Osmond, who is

a king fern; the Wood^rush, the

Parmelia, the Venus' Looking-glass;

the Esula or "Wood Spurge, mys^

terious and full of sombre fire; the

Winter Cherry, whose fruit ripens

in a red lantern; the Henbane, the

Deadly Nightshade, the Foxglove,

poisonous queens, veiled Cleopatras

of the untitled places and the cool

woods. And then, again, the Chamo^

mile, the good capped Sister with
82
 FIELD FLOWERS
a thousand smiles^ bringing the

hcalth^giving brew in an earthen^

ware bowl; the Pimpernel and

the Coronilla, the cool Mint and

the purple Thyme, the Saints

foin and the Eyebright, the Moon

Daisy, the mauve Gentian and the

blue Verbena, the lance^shaped Horse^

tail, the Cinquefoil or Potentilla,

the Green^wecd or Dyer's Broom.

. . To tell their names is to recite

a poem of grace and light. We

have reserved for them the most
charming, the purest, the clearest

sounds and all the musical gladness

83
 —

FIELD FLOWERS
of the language. One would think

that they were the persons of a play,

the dancers and choristers of an

immense fairy^scene, more beautiful,

more startling and more supernatural

than the scenes that unfold them^

selves on Prosperous Island, at the

Court of Theseus or in the Forest

of Arden. And the comely actresses

of this silent, never-ending comedy

—goddesses, angels, she^dcvils, prin^

cesses and witches, virgins and cour^

tezans, queens and shepherd^girls

carry in the folds of their names the

magic sheen of innumerous dawns,

84
 FIELD FLOWERS
of innumerous springtimes contemn

plated by forgotten men, even as

they also carry the memory of thou^

sands of deep or fleeting emotions

which were felt before them by gcne^

rations that have disappeared, leaving

no other trace.

They arc interesting and income

prchensible. They are vaguely called

the ''Weeds/' They serve no pur^

pose* Here and there, a few, in very

old villages, retain the spell of con^

tested virtues. Here and there, one

85
 FIELD FLOWERS
of them, right at the bottom of the

apothecary's or herbalist's jars, still

awaits the coming of the sick man

faithful to the infusions of tradition.

But sceptic medicine will have none

of them. No longer are they gathered

according to the olden rites; and the

science of ** Simples'* is dying out in

the housewife's memory. A merci^

less war is waged upon them. The

husbandman fears them; the plough

pursues them; the gardener hates

them and has armed himself against

them with clashing weapons: the

spade and the rake, the hoe and the

86
 FIELD FLOWERS
peopled our flower^baskcts with ex^

travagant and unnatural daughters;

but they, the poor mothers, have

remained similar to what they were a

hundred thousand years ago. They

have not added a fold to their petals,

reordered a pistil, altered a shade,

invented a perfume. They keep the

secret of a stubborn mission. They

are the indelible primitives. The soil

is theirs since its origin. They repre^

sent, in short, an invariable thought,

an obstinate desire, an essential smile

of the Earth.

That is why it is well to question

88
 —

FIELD FLOWERS
them. They have evidently some^

thing to tell us. And, then, let us

not forget that they were the first

with the sunrises and the autumns,

with the springs and the sunsets,

with the song of the birds, with the

hair, the glance and the divine move^

ments of woman—to teach our fathers

that there are useless and beautiful

things upon this globe. . . .

89

M
 Aii.lre * SloiKti. LtiL

Early Chrysanthemums.

p. 91.
 Chrysanthemums
I

Every year, in November, at the sea-

son that follows on the hour of the

dead, the crowning and majestic hour

of Autumn, reverently I go to visit the

chrysanthemums in the places where

chance offers them to my sight. For

the rest, it matters little where they

arc shown to me by the good will

of travel or of sojourn. They are,

indeed, the most universal, the most

91
 CHRYSANTHEMUMS
diverse of flowers ; but their diversity

and surprises arc, so to speak, con^

certed, like those of fashion, in arbi-

trary Edens. At the same moment,

even as with silks, laces, jewels and

curls, a voice composed of sky and

light gives the password in time and

space ; and, docile as the most beauti-

ful of women, simultaneously, in every

country, in every latitude, the flowers

obey the sacred decree.

It is enough, then, to enter at ran-

dom one of those crystal museums in

which their somewhat funereal riches

arc displayed under the harmonious

92
 CHRYSANTHEMUMS
veil of a November day. We at once

grasp the dominant idea, the obtrusive

beauty, the conscious effort of the

year in this special world, strange

and privileged even in the midst of

the strange and privileged world of

flowers. And we ask ourselves if

this new idea is a profound and really

necessary idea on the part of the sun,

the earth, life. Autumn, or man.

Yesterday, then, I went to admire the

year's gentle and gorgeous floral feast,

the last which the snows of December

93
 CHRYSANTHEMUMS
and January, like a broad belt of peace,

sleep, silence and oblivion, separate

from the delicious festivals that com^

mence again with the germination,

powerful already, though hardly

visible, that seeks the light in Feb'

ruary.

They are there, under the immense

transparent domes, the noble flowers

of the month of fogs; they are there,

at the royal meeting^place, all the

grave Autumn fairies, whose dances

and attitudes seem to have been

struck motionless with a magic

word. The eye that recognizes

94
 CHRYSANTHEMUMS
them and has learned to love them
perceives, at the first pleased glance,

that they have actively and dutifully

continued to evolve towards their

uncertain ideal. Go back for a mo^

ment to their modest origin : look

at the poor buttercup of yore,

the humble little wine-coloured or

damask rose that still smiles sadly,

along the roads full of dead leaves,

in the scanty garden^patches of our

villages; compare with them these

enormous masses and fleeces of

snow, these disks and globes of red

copper, these spheres of old silver,

95
 CHRYSANTHEMUMS
these trophies of alabaster and ame^

thyst, this delirious prodigy of petals

which seems to be trying to ex^

haust to its last riddle the world of

autumnal shapes and shades which

the winter entrusts to the bosom

of the sleeping woods; let the un^

wonted and unexpected varieties pass

before your eyes; admire and ap^

praise them.

Here, for instance, is the marvel

lous family of the stars : flat stars,

bursting stars, diaphanous stars,

solid and fleshy stars, milky ways

and constellations of the earth that
96
 CHRYSANTHEMUMS
correspond with those of the firma^

ment. Here are the proud plumes

that await the diamonds of the

dew; here> to put our dreams to

shame, the fascinating poem of unreal

tresses: mad and miraculous tresses;

honeyed moonbeams, golden bushes

and flaming whirlpools ; curls of

fair and smiling maidens, of fleeing

nymphs, of passionate bacchantes,

of swooning sirens, of cold virgins,

of frolicsome children, which angels,

mothers, fauns, lovers have caressed

with their calm or quivering hands.

And then here, pell-mell, are the

97

N
 CHRYSANTHEMUMS
monsters that cannot be classed:

hedgehogs, spiders, curly endives,

pine^apples, pompons, rosettes, shells,

vapours, breaths, stalactites of ice

and falling snow, a throbbing hail

of sparks, wings, flashes, fluffy,

pulpy, fleshy things, wattles, bristles,

funeral piles and sky-rockets, bursts

of light, a stream of fire and sul^

phur. . . .

Now that the shapes have capitU'

lated comes the question of con^

quering the region of the proscribed

98
 CHRYSANTHEMUMS
colours, of the reserved shades, which

Autumn, we can see, denies to the

flowers that represent it. Lavishly

it bestows on them all the wealth of

the twilight and the night, all the

riches of the harvest^time : it gives

them all the mud^brown work of

the rain in the woods, all the sil^

very fashionings of the mist in the

plains, of the frost and snow in

the gardens. It permits them, above

all, to draw at will upon the inex^

haustible treasures of the dead leaves

and the expiring forest. It allows

them to deck themselves with the

99
 CHRYSANTHEMUMS
golden sequins, the bronze medals, the

silver buckles, the copper spangles,

the elfin plumes, the powdered amber,

the burnt topazes, the neglected

pearls, the smoked amethysts, the

calcined garnets, all the dead but

still dazzling jewellery which the

north wind heaps up in the hollows

of ravines and footpaths ; but it in^

sists that they shall remain faithful

to their old masters and wear the

livery of the drab and weary months

that give them birth. It does not

permit them to betray those masters

and to don the princely, changing

loo
 CHRYSANTHEMUMS
dresses of Spring and dawn; and,

if, sometimes, it suffers a pink,

this is only on condition that it be

borrowed from the cold lips, the pale

brow of the veiled and afflicted virgin

praying on a tomb. It forbids most

strictly the tints of Summer, of too

youthful, ardent and serene a life, of

a health too joyous and expansive.

In no case will it consent to hilari^

ous vermilions, impetuous scarlets,

imperious and dazzling purples. As

for the blues, from the azure of the

dawn to the indigo of the sea and

the deep lakes, from the periwinkle

101
 CHRYSANTPiEMUMS
to the borage and the larkspur, they

are banished under pain of death.

Nevertheless, thanks to some in^

advertence of nature, the most un^

usual colour in the world of flowers

and the most severely forbidden,

the colour which the corolla of the

poisonous euphorbia is almost the

only one to wear in the city of the

umbels, petals and calyces, green,

the colour exclusively reserved for

the servile and nutrient leaves, has

penetrated within the jealously^guarded

102
 CHRYSANTHEMUMS
precincts. True, it has slipped in

only by favour of a lie, as a traitor,

a spy, a livid deserter. It is a for^

sworn yellow, steeped fearfully in

the hesitating azure of a moonbeam.

It is still of the night and false, like

the opal depths of the sea; it re^

veals itself only in shifting patches

at the tips of the petals; it is

elusive and anxious, frail and decep^

tive, but undeniable. It has made its

entrance, it exists, it asserts itself;

it will be daily more fixed and more

decided; and, through the breach

which it has contrived in the citadels

103
 ;

CHRYSANTHEMUMS
of light, all the joys and all the

splendours of the banished prism

will hurl themselves into the virgin

domain, there to prepare unaccus^

tomed feasts for our eyes. This is

a great tiding and a memorable con^

quest in the land of flowers.

We must not think that it is

puerile thus to interest one^s self in

the capricious forms, the unwritten

shades of a flower that bears no fruit

nor must we treat those who seek

to make it more beautiful or more

104
 CHRYSANTHEMUMS
strange as La Bruy^re once treated the

lover of the tulip or the plum. Do

you remember the charming page?

"The lover of flowers has a gar^

den in the suburbs, where he spends

all his time from sunrise to sunset.

You see him standing there and

would think that he had taken root

in the midst of his tulips before his

*
Solitaire;* he opens his eyes wide,

rubs his hands, stoops down and

looks closer at it ; it never before

seemed to him so handsome ; he is

in an ecstasy of joy and leaves it

105
 CHRYSANTHEMUMS
to go to the 'Orient/ then to the

*
Widow/ from thence to the *
Cloth

of Gold/ on to the *
Agatha/ and

at last returns to the *

Solitaire/

where he remains, is tired out, sits

down and forgets his dinner; he

looks at the tulip and admires its

shade, shape, colour, sheen and edges,

its beautiful form and calyx ; but God

and nature are not in his thoughts,

for they do not go beyond the bulb

of his tulip, which he would not

sell for a thousand crowns, though

he will give it to you for nothing

when tulips are no longer in fashion

106
 CHRYSANTHEMUMS
and carnations arc all the rage. This
rational being, who has a soul and

professes some religion, comes home

tired and half starved, but very

pleased with his day's work: he has

seen some tulips.

''Talk to another of the heahhy

look of the crops, of a plentiful har^

vest, of a good vintage, and you will

find that he cares only for fruit and

understands not a single word that

you say; then turn to figs and

melons; tell him that this year the

pear-trees arc so heavily laden with

fruit that the branches almost break,

107
 CHRYSANTHEMUMS
that there is abundance of peaches,

and you address him in a language

which he completely ignores; and he
will not answer you, for his sole

hobby is plum-trees. Do not even

speak to him of your plum-trees, for

he is fond of only a certain kind

and laughs and sneers at the men^

tion of any others; he takes you to

his tree and cautiously gathers this

exquisite plum, divides it, gives you

one half, keeps the other himself and

exclaims, * How delicious I Do you

like it? Is it not heavenly? You
cannot find its equal anywhere;^
108
 CHRYSANTHEMUMS
and then his nostrils dilate, and he

can hardly contain his joy and pride

under an appearance of modesty*

What a wonderful person, never

enough praised and admired, whose

name will be handed down to future

ages I Let me look at his mien and

shape, while he is still in the land

of the living, that I may study the

features and the countenance of a

man who, alone among mortals, is

the happy possessor of such a plum/*

Well, La Bruyerc is wrong* We

readily forgive him his mistake, for
109
 CHRYSANTHEMUMS
the sake of the pleasant window
which he, alone among the authors

of his time, opens upon the unex^

pected gardens of the seventeenth

century. The fact none the less rc^

mains that it is to his somewhat

bigoted florist, to his somewhat fren-'

zied horticuhurist that we owe our

exquisite flower » beds, our more
varied, more abundant, more lus'

cious vegetables, our ever more

delicious fruits. Contemplate, for in^

stance, around the chrysanthemums,

the marvels that ripen nowadays

in the meanest gardens, among the
110
 CHRYSANTHEMUMS
long branches wisely subdued by the

patient and generous espaliers* Less

than a century ago, they were un^

known ; and we owe them to the

trifling and innumerable exertions of

a legion of small seekers^ all more or

less narrow^ all more or less ridiculous.

It is thus that man acquires

nearly all his riches. There is nO"

thing that is puerile in nature; and

he who becomes impassioned of a

flower, a blade of grass, a butterfly's

wing, a nest, a shell, wraps his

passion around a small thing that

always contains a great truth. To

111
 CHRYSANTHEMUMS
succeed in modifying the appearance

of a flower is an insignificant act

in itself, if you will; but reflect

upon it for however short a while

and it becomes gigantic. In thus

succeeding, do we not violate, or de^

viate, profound, perhaps essential

and, in any case, time-honoured

laws ? Do we not exceed too

easily accepted limits? Do we not

directly intrude our ephemeral will

on that of the eternal forces? Do

we not give the idea of a singu^

lar power, a power almost supers

natural, since it inverts a natural

112
 ;

CHRYSANTHEMUMS
order of things? And, although it

is prudent to guard against over^

ambitious dreams, does not this

allow us to hope that we may per^

haps learn to elude or to transgress

other laws no less time-honoured,

nearer to ourselves and important

in a very different manner? For,

in short, all things touch, all things

go hand to hand; all things obey

identical exigencies, the same invisible

principles; all things share in the

same spirit, in the same substance in

the terrifying and wonderful problem

and the most modest victory gained

113 *
 CHRYSANTHEMUMS
in the matter of a flower may one
day disclose to us an infinity of the

untold. . . .

Because of these things I love the

chrysanthemum; because of these

things I follow its evolution with a

brother^s interest. It is, among fami-*

liar plants, the most submissive, the

most docile, the most tractable and
the most attentive plant of all that

we meet on lifers long way. It bears

flowers impregnated through and

through with the thought and will

114
 CHRYSANTHEMUMS
of man: flowers already human, so

to speak. And, if the vegetable

world is some day to reveal to us

one of the words that we are awaits

ing, perhaps it will be through this

flower of the tombs that we shall

learn the first secret of existence,

even as, in another kingdom, it is

probably through the dog, the almost

thinking guardian of our homes,

that we shall discover the mystery

of animal life. . .
Printed by Ballantyne, Hanson ^ Co.
Edinburgh &= London
University of British Columbia Library

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 AGRICULTURE
FORESTRY
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