Pearson Edexcel Level 3

Advanced Level
GCE in Physics (9PH0)

List of data, formulae and relationships

Issue 3
November 2022

P57019RRA
©2022 Pearson Education Ltd.

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Pearson Edexcel GCE Physics — Advanced Level — List of data, formulae and relationships — Issue 3
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2 Pearson Edexcel GCE Physics — Advanced Level — List of data, formulae and relationships — Issue 3
 List of data, formulae and relationships

Acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s−2 (close to Earth’s surface)

Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 × 10−23 J K−1

1
Coulomb law constant k =   = 8.99 × 109 N m2 C−2
4πε0
Electron charge e = −1.60 × 10−19 C

Electron mass me = 9.11 × 10−31 kg

Electronvolt 1 eV = 1.60 × 10−19 J

Gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10−11 N m2 kg−2

Gravitational field strength g = 9.81 N kg−1 (close to Earth’s surface)

Permittivity of free space ε0 = 8.85 × 10−12 F m−1

Planck constant h = 6.63 × 10−34 J s

Proton mass mp = 1.67 × 10−27 kg

Speed of light in a vacuum c = 3.00 × 108 m s−1

Stefan–Boltzmann constant σ = 5.67 × 10−8 W m−2 K−4

Unified atomic mass unit u = 1.66 × 10−27 kg

Mechanics Work, energy and power

Kinematic equations of motion ΔW = FΔs
(u + v)t 1
s =  Ek =  2  mv2
2
v = u + at ΔEgrav = mgΔh
1 E
s = ut +  2  at2 P = 
t
v2 = u2 + 2as W
P = 
Forces t
useful energy output
∑F = ma efficiency = 
total energy input
F
g =  useful power output
m efficiency = 
total power input
W = mg

moment of force = Fx

Momentum

p = mv

Pearson Edexcel GCE Physics — Advanced Level — List of data, formulae and relationships — Issue 3 3
 Electric circuits Waves and Particle Nature of Light
Potential difference Wave speed
W v = f λ
V = 
Q
Speed of a transverse wave on a string
Resistance
T
V v = 
R =  μ
I
Intensity of radiation
Electrical power and energy
P
P = VI I = 
A
P = I 2R Power of a lens
V 2 1
P =  P = 
R f
W = VIt P = P1 + P2 + P3 + …
Resistivity Thin lens equation
ρl 1 1 1
R =   +   = 
A u v f
Current Magnification for a lens
ΔQ image height v
I =  m =   = 
Δt object height u
I = nqvA
Diffraction grating
Materials nλ = d sin θ
Density Refractive index
m n1 sin θ1 = n2 sin θ2
ρ = 
V c
n = 
Stokes’ law v
F = 6πηrv Critical angle
Hooke’s law 1
sin C = 
n
ΔF = kΔ x
Young modulus Photon model
F E = h f
Stress σ = 
A Einstein’s photoelectric equation
Δ x 1
Strain ε =  hf = ϕ +  2  mv2max
x
σ
E =  de Broglie wavelength
ε
h
Elastic strain energy λ = 
p
1
ΔEel =  2  FΔ x

4 Pearson Edexcel GCE Physics — Advanced Level — List of data, formulae and relationships — Issue 3
Further mechanics Energy stored in a capacitor
Impulse 1
W =  2  QV
FΔt = Δp 1
W =  2  CV 2
Kinetic energy of a non-relativistic
1 Q2
particle W =  2  
C
p2
Ek =  Capacitor discharge
2m
Q = Q0e−t/RC
Motion in a circle
I = I0e−t/RC
v = ωr
V = V0e−t/RC
2π
T =  t
ω ln Q = ln Q0 –
RC
mv2 t
F = ma =  ln I = ln I0 –
r RC
v2 t
a =  ln V = ln V0 –
r RC
a = rω2 Resistor – capacitor discharge
I = I0e−t/RC
F = mrω2
V = V0e−t/RC
Fields In a magnetic field
Coulomb’s law F = BIl sin θ
QQ
F =  1 22 F = Bqv sin θ
4πε0r
Electric field strength Faraday’s and Lenz’s laws
−d(Nϕ)
F ε = 
E =  dt
Q
Q Root-mean-square values
E = k 
r 2 V0
V Vr ms = 
E =  √2
d I
Ir ms =  0
Electric potential √2
Q
V = k 
r
Capacitance
Q
C = 
V

Pearson Edexcel GCE Physics — Advanced Level — List of data, formulae and relationships — Issue 3 5
 Nuclear and particle physics Radioactive decay
In a magnetic field A = λN

p dN
r =   = −λN
BQ dt
ln 2
λ = 
Thermodynamics t½
N = N0 e−λt
Heating
A = A0 e−λt
ΔE = mcΔθ
ΔE = LΔm Gravitational fields
Molecular kinetic theory Gravitational force
1 3 Gm1m2
2
 mác 2
ñ =  2
 kT F = 
r 2
1
pV =  3  Nmác2ñ
Gravitational field strength

Ideal gas equation Gm

g = 
r 2
pV = NkT
Gravitational potential
Stefan–Boltzmann law
−Gm
L = σAT 4 Vgrav = 
r
L = 4πr2σT 4
Oscillations
Wien’s law
Simple harmonic motion
λmaxT = 2.898 × 10−3 m K
F = −k x
Space a = −ω2x
Intensity x = A cos ωt
L
I =  v = −Aω sin ωt
4πd 2
a = ‒Aω2 cos ωt
Redshift of electromagnetic radiation 1 2π
T =   = 
Δλ Δf v f ω
z =   ≈   ≈ 
λ f c ω = 2π f
Cosmological expansion Simple harmonic oscillator
v = H0d m
T = 2π 
k
Nuclear radiation l
T = 2π 
Mass–energy g

ΔE = c2Δm

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