2018 JC2 H2 Physics SA2 Temasek Junior College
2018 JC2 H2 Physics SA2 Temasek Junior College
2018 JC2 H2 Physics SA2 Temasek Junior College
1 The speed v of a liquid leaving a tube depends on the change in pressure ∆P and the C D
density 𝜌 the liquid. The speed is given by the equation
P
v k( )n
where k is a constant that has no unit.
2 The diameter D of a sphere is measured to be 5.0 cm with a fractional uncertainty of What was the height of the balloon when the sandbag was released?
0.02.
A 29 m B 108 m C 123 m D 138 m
What is the absolute uncertainty and fractional uncertainty of the radius R of the
sphere?
5 The diagram shows a 2.0 kg trolley moving on a frictionless horizontal table at a speed
absolute uncertainty of R fractional uncertainty of R of 0.5 m s-1 and 500 g of sand is then released onto the trolley.
A 0.05 cm 0.01
B 0.1 cm 0.01
C 0.05 cm 0.02
D 0.1 cm 0.02
3 A velocity-time graph of a journey is shown in the diagram. What is the change in the momentum of the trolley?
A zero B 0.15 N s
C 0.20 N s D 1.80 N s
6 Two objects P and Q having the same volume are hung at either ends of a light uniform
rod and subsequently submerged in two different liquids X and Y respectively. The
density of liquid X is less than that of liquid Y. The system is balanced when a string is
What is the shape of the acceleration-time graph for the same journey? hung right at the centre of the rod as shown in the figure below.
A B
P Q
liquid X liquid Y
P Q
incisors
pivot
lower masseter
jawbone muscle The disc starts from rest and starts spinning about its central axis with increasing rate.
molars
When the disc spins at a certain rate, one of the objects slides off the disc.
The lower jaw may be represented by the diagram below. Which of the following statements is correct?
pivot A The friction experienced by P and Q are always equal.
muscle force M
B P experiences larger friction than Q.
4.0 cm
C Q will start to slide first due to larger angular velocity.
7.0 cm
50o D Q will start to slide first due to larger radius.
45 N
10 Two points in space, A and B, have gravitational potentials of -7.0 J kg-1 and -3.0 J kg-1
The jawbone has negligible mass. It consists of two straight parts of length 7.0 cm and respectively as shown below.
4.0 cm making an angle of 130 with each other. During one particular bite, a force of
45 N is applied by the teeth at the front of the jawbone.
8 A constant force F, acting on a car of mass m, moves the car up a slope through a
When a mass is moved from A to B, it gains gravitational potential energy of 20 J.
distance s at constant velocity v. The angle of the slope to the horizontal is .
When it is moved from B to C, it loses gravitational potential energy of 5.0 J.
5 C By conservation of momentum:
(2.0)(0.5) = (2.0 + 0.500)vf vf = 0.4 m s-1.
change in momentum = pf – pi = 2.0 (0.4 – 0.5) = - 0.2 Ns
6 B By AP, upthrust = weight of fluid displaced. Liquid X has smaller density and hence Fig. 1.1
exerts a smaller upthrust.
Balanced rod implies object P must have a smaller weight and hence smaller mass. The skateboarder reaches a speed of 17 m s–1 at point B.
7 D Take moments about pivot, Consider the skateboarder to be a point mass of 65 kg and ignore the effects of friction and air
resistance.
o o
M(4.0 cos 50 ) = 45 (7.0 + 4.0 cos 50 ) => M = 170 N
(a) Calculate the height difference, h, between point A and point B.
8 D GPE gained = mgh = mg sin .s
Work done by force = F s
Divide the 2 eqns give answer D.
9 D Frictional force on the object provides the centripetal force mr2. Both objects have
the same angular velocity and same mass, but the centripetal force required for Q is
larger due to larger radius. When the centripetal force required exceeds the frictional h= m [2]
force available, Q starts to slide.
(b) The skateboarder takes off at point B, travelling horizontally with a velocity of 17 m s–1.
10 B U m He lands at point C after being in the air for 1.6 s.
UBC BC 5.0 3.0
C
UAB AB 20 3.0 7.0 (i) Calculate vv, the vertical component of his velocity, just before landing at point C.
C 4.0 J kg1
11 B 3RT
Crms T PV since PV nRT
M
Crms 2 PV 2 2
1 1
2
Crms1 P2V2 11 vv = m s-1 [2]
4 5
(ii) On Fig. 1.2, sketch the variation with time of the vertical component of the velocity vv 2 A rod PQ is attached at P to a vertical wall, as shown in Fig. 2.1.
of the skateboarder from point B to point C.
(iii) Show that the magnitude of the resultant velocity just before landing at point C is The length of the rod is 1.60 m. The weight W of the rod acts at 0.64 m from P. The rod is kept
23 m s-1. horizontal and in equilibrium by a light wire attached to Q and to the wall at R. The wire provides
a force F of 44 N on the rod at 30° to the horizontal.
(a) Determine
(i) the vertical component of F,
[1]
vertical component = N [1]
(c) Explain why it is safer for the skateboarder to land on a downward slope than on a
horizontal surface. (ii) the horizontal component of F.
[2]
W = N [2]
6 Solutions to 2018H2P2
(c) Explain why the wall must exert a force on the rod at P to keep the rod in equilibrium.
1 (a) Use of mgh = ½ m v2 and makes h subject C1
h = 14.7 or 15 (m) A1
(ii) A1
[2] Starting at 0 ms-1 and ends at 16 ms-1 at 1.6 s.
A1
(d) On Fig. 2.1, draw an arrow to represent the force acting on the rod at P. Label your arrow
(b) (iii) Use of pythagoras' theorem: M1
with the letter S. Explain how you arrive at the answer.
2 2 2
resultant v = 15.7 + 17
v = 23 or 23.1 m s-1
(c) slope: smaller change in vertical component of velocity/ B1
[2] smaller change in vertical component of momentum
by Newton’s second law, the force experienced = rate of change B1
(e) Fig. 2.2 and Fig. 2.3 show two set-ups where the wire is attached to a different point on the of momentum is less, so less risk of injury
rod.
Bonus mark: if she bends her knees during landing, she
Draw an arrow on each figure to represent the force acting on the rod at P. Label your increases time for (same) change of momentum, so force
arrows with the letter S1 and S2 respectively. exerted on her is even lesser.
(d) line from P towards point on wire vertically above W and direction up B1
three non-parallel coplanar forces must act through the same line B1
Section A (b) Explain why the acceleration of the spaceship is increasing with time.
1 A solar propulsion engine uses solar power to ionize and accelerate atoms of xenon. The speed
of the ejected xenon ions relative to the spaceship is 3.0 × 104 m s–1 as shown in Fig. 1.1.
[1]
xenon ions
spaceship (c) The solar propulsion engine is switched on at time t = 0 when the initial velocity of the
speed = 3.0 × 104 m s–1 spaceship is zero.
Use Fig. 1.2 to determine the final velocity of the spaceship when the fuel runs out.
Fig. 1.1
Fig. 1.2 shows the variation with time t of the acceleration a of the spaceship as a result of the
ejection of xenon ions.
10.0
a /10–5 m s–2
9.5
9.0
velocity = m s–1 [3]
(d) Sketch on Fig. 1.3 the corresponding variation with time t of the velocity v of the spaceship
8.5 from t = 0 to t = 6.0 x 107 s.
8.0
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
t /107 s
Fig. 1.2
(a) The xenon ions are ejected at a constant rate of 1.7 × 10–6 kg s-1. Calculate the force
exerted on the spaceship by the xenon ions.
force = N [2]
Fig. 1.3 [2]
7 8
3 (a) A block of mass 0.40 kg slides in a straight line with a constant speed of 0.30 m s −1 along a (iii) Calculate the maximum deceleration of the block.
smooth horizontal surface, as shown in Fig. 3.1.
[2]
kinetic energy = J [1]
(b) The energy E stored in a spring is given by
(ii) The variation of the compression x of the spring with the force F applied to the spring is
1 2
shown in Fig. 3.2. E kx
2
The mass m of the block in (a) is now varied. The initial speed of the block remains constant
and the spring continues to obey Hooke’s law.
On Fig. 3.3, sketch the variation with mass m of the maximum compression x0 of the spring.
Fig. 3.2
Use your answer in (a)(i) to determine the maximum force FMAX exerted on the spring
by the block. Explain your working.
Fig. 3.3
FMAX = N [2] [2]
2018H2P3Solutions
3 (a) (i) Initial kinetic energy of block = 1 mv 2 1 0.40 0.30 2 1.8 10–2 J B1
2 2
1 (a) dm C1 (ii) (change in) kinetic energy = work done on spring / (change in) elastic C1
Fon fuel v
dt potential energy
3.0 104 1.7 106 0.051N = Fon rocket 1
A1 1.8 10 –2 FMAX 0.080
2
(b) Since F is constant and a = F/m, with m decreases with time, a increases
with time. B1 FMAX 0.45 N A1
(d) Shape is parabolic from t = 0 to t = 4.8 x 107 s, starting from v = 0 to B1 (b) curved line from the origin (xo2 m or xo m) M1
final v at 4240 m s–1 with decreasing gradient A1
2 5 (a) Equipotential lines are closer together near the cable but further apart away B1
T = 850 K A1 from cable.
Since electric field strength = potential gradient(E = dV/dx), so E decreases B1
(e) atoms have a distribution of speeds / atoms may collide in upper B1 with distance
atmosphere and gain speed
(b) E = dV/dx = (200-195) x 103/0.0050 M1
= 1.0 x 106 Vm-1 A1
(c) Gain in ke = loss in pe M1
½ mv2 = eV
v = 2eV/m = 2x1.6x10-19x1500/9.11x10-31
= 2.30 x 107 ms-1 A1