Philo Pointers

LESSON V – FREEDOM OF THE HUMAN PERSON
Freedom – an intrinsic and essential property of the Human Person
- Rooted in the Human person’s self-determination and the exercise of intellect and free will.
Kinds of Freedom
o Physical Freedom – absence of any physical restraint.
o Psychological Freedom – freedom of choice.
o Moral Freedom – using freedom in a manner that upholds human dignity and goodness.
2 elements of freedom
 Voluntariness – ability of a person to act out of his own free will and self – determination.
 Responsibility – refers to the person being accountable for his or her actions and their
consequences.
Freedom is experienced through the act of making choices. It is therefore important for action in
Freedom should be exercised in a responsible and beneficial manner. Individuals must exercise control
over their actions and recognize reasonable limits to their freedom.
LESSON VI - INTERSUBJECTIVITY
Intersubjectivity refers to the shared awareness and understanding among persons. It is made possible by the
awareness of the SELF and the OTHER.
The relationship between the SELF and the OTHER enables the person to relate to others and establish and
maintain meaningful relationships.
SEEMING – action refers to the way a person presents himself or herself when dealing with others. This is
considered a natural and often unconscious act.
Dialogue happens when two persons truly acknowledge each other’s presence and treat each other as equal.
Empathy - It enables a person to place himself or herself in the shoes of others and leads to a greater
understanding and appreciation of others.
Availability refers to the willingness of a person to be present for another and to render assistance to another.
The theory of ethics of care emphasizes the moral dimension of human interactions. It believes that people
have a moral obligation to respond to the needs of others, and encourages individuals to extend help
to people in need.
Alienation refers to a state when a person ceases to view the other as merely objects or means to satisfy
personal interests or desires.
Laws - more formal and stringent norms that establish and define acceptable behavior of the citizens.
Norms – are set of traits and behavior that society considers acceptable.
Folkways – less formal norms that arise from tradition and do not result in punishment when involve.
Social System – organized or patterned set of relationships among individuals and groups.
Social Values – actions or ideals that are considered important by the society.
Social Movements – large-scale action done by various groups and organizations.
LESSON VII – HUMAN PERSON IN THE SOCIETY
Society – an organized group of people whose members interact frequently and have common territory and
culture.
Society was brought about by the human desire to relate with others. Society is considered a product of
deliberate actions by individuals who come together in pursuit of a common goal.
Society greatly influences the individual, as it determines to a certain extent of a person’s identity. Society
makes possible the emergence of certain individualities, which are the result of the person’s
interaction with other members of the society.
Philosophers considers society as a product of the “social contract”, where individuals decide to sacrifice
personal interest and submit to a higher authority.
Hunting and Gathering Society – earliest and simplest form of society.
Pastoral Society – characterized by domestication of animals for food for a more stable and predictable food
supply.
Horticultural Society – primary engage in the small-scale cultivation of plants, fruits, and vegetables and the
domestication of animals.
Agrarian and Agricultural Society – involves in the large-scale and long-term cultivation of crops and
domestication of animals.
Feudal Society – based on the ownership of land.
Industrial Society – based on the use of specialized machinery in the production of goods and services.
Post – Industrial Society – marked by the establishment of societies based on knowledge, information, and the
sale of services.
Virtual Society – people organize themselves through communication technology.
LESSON VIII – HUMAN PERSON TOWARDS THEIR IMPENDING DEATH
Death is the end of bodily functions which signals end of a person’s life.
Suffering – takes place when we patiently endure unpleasantness, discomfort, and pain.
Physical Suffering – when we experience physical sensations such as discomfort, hunger distress, and pain.
Mental Suffering - involves emotional and mental states such as depression, anxiety, fear, loneliness and grief.
Self – determination – the capacity to choose and act for yourself.
Noble Good – is one which one is pursued for its own sake; it is good in itself. Love and friendship are
examples.
Useful Good – considered good for so long as it serves as a means to an end; its goodness is found only from
what it can provide.
Pleasurable Good – is good so long as it provides some form of pleasure, though it does not have to be
physical.

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LESSON V – FREEDOM OF THE HUMAN PERSON

Freedom – an intrinsic and essential property of the Human Person

o Physical Freedom – absence of any physical restraint.

o Psychological Freedom – freedom of choice.

Social Movements – large-scale action done by various groups and organizations.

LESSON VII – HUMAN PERSON IN THE SOCIETY

Hunting and Gathering Society – earliest and simplest form of society.

Feudal Society – based on the ownership of land.

Virtual Society – people organize themselves through communication technology.

LESSON VIII – HUMAN PERSON TOWARDS THEIR IMPENDING DEATH

Self – determination – the capacity to choose and act for yourself.

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