VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY – HOCHIMINH CITY Student’s Full Name: _______________________________

UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES

Student ID: _______________________________________
FACULTY OF ENGLISH LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE SKILLS Class Code: ______________________________________

Second-Degree Program
Instructor: _______________________________________

FINAL EXAMINATION
Course: Advanced Reading C1
Time Allotted: 80 minutes Exam Date: March 5, 2018

Approved by Proctors
Examiner(s) Score
(CBCT)

1. 1. In figures:

2. 2. In words:

Notes: Materials and dictionaries of all kinds are NOT allowed.

Students write their answers on the answer sheet.
ANSWER SHEET
1. ______ 6. ______ 11. ______ 16. ______
2. ______ 7. ______ 12. ______ 17. ______
SECTION 1 3. ______ 8. ______ _____ x 0.1
13. ______ 18. ______
(2 points) 4. ______ 9. ______ = _____/2
14. ______ 19. ______
5. ______ 10. ______ 15. ______ 20. ______

1. ______ 5. ______ 8. ______

2. ______ 6. ______ 9. ______ _____ x 0.3 +
Passage 1

3. ______ 7. ______ ______ _____

4. ______ ______ = _____/3

10. ______ 14. ______ 17. ______

SECTION
Passage 2

11. ______ 15. ______ 18. ______ _____ x 0.25

2
12. ______ 16. ______ 19. ______ = _____/2.5
(8 points)
13. ______

20. ______ 24. ______ 27. ______

Passage 3

21. ______ 25. ______ 28. ______ _____ x 0.25

22. ______ 26. ______ 29. ______ = _____/2.5
23. ______

TOTAL: ______/10

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Second-Degree Program – SD.AR.Mar2018
Full Name: ______________________________ Class Code: ________ Student ID: _______________
TEST PAPER
ADVANCED READING C1 – March 5, 2018
Notes: Materials and dictionaries of all kinds are NOT allowed.
Students write their answers on the answer sheet.
SECTION 1 VOCABULARY (2 points)
Choose the lettered word or phrase that best completes each of the following sentences. (1 point)
1. Much of the neighborhood was demolished in the 1940s when living _________ had deteriorated.
A. situations B. conditions C. circumstances D. states
2. Tourist revenue is now our _________ source of wealth.
A. principal B. primitive C. original D. comprehensive
3. Chicago serves as a(n) _________ of the problems faced by such cities.
A. context B. phenomenon C. illustration D. incident
4. Limited resources are restricting our _________ for developing new products.
A. achievement B. capacity C. innovation D. authority
5. They were forced to _________ to the kidnappers’ demands.
A. attribute B. adapt C. suspend D. submit
6. Some vegetarians like to _________ their diets with iron tablets.
A. consume B. feature C. facilitate D. supplement
7. The police officer was _________ while the complaint was investigated.
A. abandoned B. revealed C. suspended D. featured
8. Since he likes art, he will _________ enjoy the museum.
A. presumably B. principally C. incidentally D. virtually
9. All the materials are _________ so that work can start immediately.
A. beforehand B. on-site C. build-up D. on-board
10. The human eye can _________ between very slight gradations of color.
A. alter B. distribute C. discriminate D. contrast
Choose the lettered word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined part in each of the
following sentences. (1 point)
11. There will be a prize for the most original design.
A. modern B. revolutionary C. conventional D. innovative
12. It has now become evident to us that a mistake has been made.
A. apparent B. revealing C. conclusive D. convincing
13. The final status negotiations would focus on the core issues of the peace process.
A. whole B. persistent C. primary D. domestic
14. We are conducting a survey to find out what our customers think of their local bus service.
A. following up B. carrying out C. participating in D. filling in
15. The hospital had virtually given her up for dead, but she eventually recovered.
A. almost B. always C. hardly D. probably
16. Subsequent investigations did not uncover any new evidence.
A. preceding B. final C. previous D. following
17. She writes about her experiences as a black girl in a predominantly white city.
A. proportionally B. largely C. originally D. solely
18. Officials claim that the chemical leakage poses no real danger for surrounding residents.
A. limits B. avoids C. causes D. prevents
19. Some children undergo a complete transformation when they become teenagers.
A. involve in B. go through C. break out D. adapt to
20. The ceremony was transmitted live by satellite to over fifty countries.
A. constructed B. shown C. extracted D. delivered

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SECTION 2 READING COMPREHENSION (8 points)
PASSAGE 1 (3 points)
You are going to read an article about the class system in the United States. For questions 1-9, choose the
correct answer.
LAYERS OF SOCIAL CLASS
(1) Taken together, income, occupation, and education are good measures of people’s social standing. Using
a layered model of stratification, most sociologists describe the class system in the United States as
divided into several classes: upper, upper middle, middle, lower middle, and lower class. The different
classes are arrayed along a continuum with those with the most money, education, and prestige at the top
and those with the least at the bottom.
(2) In the United States, the upper class owns the major share of corporate and personal wealth; it includes
those who have held wealth for generations as well as those who have recently become rich. Only a very
small proportion of people actually constitute the upper class, but they control vast amounts of wealth and
power in the United States. Those in this class exercise enormous control throughout society. Some
wealthy individuals can wield as much power as entire nations.
(3) Despite social myths to the contrary, the best predictor of future wealth is the family into which you are
born. Each year, the business magazine Forbes publishes a list of the 400 wealthiest families and
individuals in the country. Of all the wealth represented on the Forbes 400 list, most is inherited, although
since the 1990s, there has been some increase in the number of people on the list with self-created wealth.
Those in the upper class with newly acquired wealth are known as the nouveau riche. Luxury vehicles,
high-priced real estate, and exclusive vacations may mark the lifestyle of the newly rich. However,
although they may have vast amounts of money, they are often not accepted into “old rich” circles.
(4) The upper middle class includes those with high incomes and high social prestige. They tend to be well-
educated professionals or business executives. Their earnings can be quite high indeed—successful
business executives can earn millions of dollars a year. It is difficult to estimate exactly how many people
fall into this group because of the difficulty of drawing lines between the upper, upper middle, and middle
classes. Indeed, the upper middle class is often thought of as “middle class” because their lifestyle sets
the standard to which many aspire, but this lifestyle is actually unattainable by most.
(5) The middle class is hard to define, in part because being “middle class” is more than just economic
position. A very large portion of Americans identify themselves as middle class even though they vary
widely in lifestyle and in resources at their disposal. But the idea that the United States is an open-class
system leads many to think that the majority have a middle-class lifestyle. The middle class thus becomes
the ubiquitous norm, even though many who call themselves middle class have a tenuous hold on this
class position.
(6) The lower middle class includes workers in the skilled trades and low-income bureaucratic workers, many
of whom may actually define themselves as middle class. Also known as the working class, this class
includes blue-collar workers and many service workers, such as secretaries, hair stylists, food servers,
police, and firefighters. Medium to low income, education, and occupational prestige define the lower
middle class relative to the class groups above it. The term lower in this class designation refers to the
relative position of the group in the stratification system, but it has a pejorative sound to many people,
especially to people who are members of this class, many of whom think of themselves as middle class.
(7) The lower class is composed primarily of the displaced and poor. ■ (A) People in this class tend to have
little formal education and are often unemployed or working in minimum-wage jobs. ■ (B) People of
color and women make up a disproportionate part of this class. ■ (C) These are the people who work at
least 27 hours a week but whose wages fall below the federal poverty level. ■ (D) Four percent of all
people working full-time and 16 percent of those working part-time live below the poverty line, a
proportion that has increased over time.
(8) Recently, the concept of the underclass has been added to the lower class. The underclass includes those
who are likely to be permanently unemployed and without much means of economic support. Rejected
from the economic system, those in the underclass may become dependent on public assistance or illegal
activities. Structural transformations in the economy have left large groups of people, especially urban
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Second-Degree Program – SD.AR.[March.2018]
 minorities, in the highly vulnerable positions. The growth of the underclass has exacerbated the problems
of poverty and related social problems.
1. The word constitute in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
A. explain B. reject C. modify D. form
2. Which of the sentences below best expresses the information in the highlighted statement in the passage?
A. Although it is not generally accepted, your family provides the best prediction of your future wealth.
B. You can achieve great future wealth in spite of the family in which you may have been born.
C. It is not true that your family will restrict the acquisition of your future wealth and level of social status.
D. Social myths are contrary to the facts about the future wealth and social status of your family.
3. Why does the author mention the “Forbes 400” in paragraph 3?
A. To explain the meaning of the listing that appears every year
B. To support the statement that most wealthy people inherit their money
C. To cast doubt on the claim that family income predicts individual wealth
D. To give examples of successful people who have modest family connections
4. According to paragraph 5, why do most people identify themselves as middle class in the United States?
A. They have about the same lifestyle as everyone else in the country.
B. They prefer not to admit that there are class distinctions in the United States.
C. They don’t really know how to define their status because it is unclear.
D. They identify themselves with the majority who have normal lifestyles.
5. What can be inferred about the working class in the United States?
A. They are often not able to find entry-level jobs.
B. They work in jobs that pay minimum wage.
C. They are service workers and manual laborers.
D. They are considered lower class.
6. According to paragraph 8, why has the underclass emerged?
A. The new term was necessary because the lower class enjoyed a higher lifestyle than it had previously.
B. The increase in crime has supported a new class of people who live by engaging in illegal activities.
C. Changes in the economy have caused an entire class of people to survive by welfare or crime.
D. Minimum-wage jobs no longer support a class of people at a standard level in the economic system.
7. All of the following are indicators of prestige in the United States EXCEPT
A. the level of education that a person has achieved
B. the amount of money that an individual has acquired
C. the type of employment that someone pursues
D. the hard work that a person does on a consistent basis
8. Look at the four squares [■] that show where the following sentence could be inserted in the passage.
The working poor constitute a large portion of those who are poor.
Where could the sentence best be added?
A. Square A B. Square B C. Square C D. Square D
9. Directions: An introduction for a short summary of the passage appears below. Complete the summary
by selecting the THREE answer choices that mention the MOST IMPORTANT POINTS in the passage.
Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not included in the
passage or are minor points from the passage.
The levels of education, the acquisition of wealth, and occupational prestige determine social status
in the United States.
• _______ • _______ • _______

Answer Choices
A. People who have made their money more recently tend not to be accepted by those who have inherited
their wealth from family holdings.

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Second-Degree Program – SD.AR.[March.2018]
B. The lower class includes working people with low incomes and a new underclass of people who are
dependent on welfare or engage in crime.
C. The upper class tends to acquire wealth through inheritance, whereas the upper middle class has a high
income that they earn in their professions.
D. Although the lifestyle of the upper middle class is the goal for the majority, it is difficult for many people
to maintain this standard of living.
E. Most people identify themselves as middle class, including blue-collar workers and service workers as well
as bureaucratic employees.
F. It is still possible to move from one social class to another in the United States by working your way up
the ladder in a corporate environment.

PASSAGE 2 (2.5 points)

Questions 10-14: Reading passage 2 has five paragraphs, i-v. Choose the correct heading for paragraphs i-
v from the list of headings A-H below.
List of Headings
A. Economic and social significance of tourism
B. The development of mass tourism 10. Paragraph i ______
C. Travel for the wealthy 11. Paragraph ii ______
D. Earning foreign exchange through tourism 12. Paragraph iii ______
E. Difficulty in recognizing the economic effects of tourism 13. Paragraph iv ______
F. The contribution of air travel to tourism 14. Paragraph v ______
G. The world impact of tourism
H. The history of travel
THE CONTEXT, MEANING AND SCOPE OF TOURISM
(i) Travel has existed since the beginning of time, when primitive man set out, often traversing great
distances in search of game, which provided the food and clothing necessary for his survival. Throughout
the course of history, people have travelled for purposes of trade, religious conviction, economic gain,
war, migration and other equally compelling motivations. In the Roman era, wealthy aristocrats and
high government officials also travelled for pleasure. Seaside resorts located at Pompeii and
Herculaneum afforded citizens the opportunity to escape their vacation villas in order to avoid the
summer heat of Rome. Travel, except during the Dark Ages, has continued to grow and, throughout
recorded history, has played a vital role in the development of civilizations and their economies.
(ii) Tourism in the mass form as we know it today is a distinctly twentieth-century phenomenon. Historians
suggest that the advent of mass tourism began in England during the industrial revolution with the rise
of the middle class and the availability of relatively inexpensive transportation. The creation of the
commercial airline industry following the Second World War and the subsequent development of the
jet aircraft in the 1950s signaled the rapid growth and expansion of international travel. This growth led
to the development of a major new industry: tourism. In return, international tourism became the concern
of a number of world governments since it not only provided new employment opportunities but also
produced a means of earning foreign exchange.
(iii) Tourism today has grown significantly in both economic and social importance. In most industrialized
countries over the past few years the fastest growth has been seen in the area of services. One of the
largest segments of the service industry, although largely unrecognized as an entity in some of these
countries, is travel and tourism. According to the World Travel and Tourism Council (1992), ‘Travel
and tourism is the largest industry in the world on virtually any economic measure including value-
added capital investment, employment and tax contributions’. In 1992, the industry’s gross output was
estimated to be $3.5 trillion, over 12 per cent of all consumer spending. The travel and tourism industry
is the world’s largest employer with almost 130 million jobs, or almost 7 per cent of all employees. This
industry is the world’s leading industrial contributor, producing over 6 per cent of the world’s gross
national product and accounting for capital investment in excess of $422 billion in direct, indirect and
personal taxes each year. Thus, tourism has a profound impact both on the world economy and, because
of the educative effect of travel and the effects on employment, on society itself.
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(iv) However, the major problems of the travel and tourism industry that have hidden, or obscured, its
economic impact are the diversity and fragmentation of the industry itself. The travel industry includes:
hotel, motels and other types of accommodation; restaurants and other food services; transportation
services and facilities; amusements, attractions and other leisure facilities; gift shops and a large number
of other enterprises. Since many of these businesses also serve local residents, the impact of spending
by visitors can easily be overlooked or underestimated. In addition, Meis (1992) points out that the
tourism industry involves concepts that have remained amorphous to both analysts and decision makers.
Moreover, in all nations this problem has made it difficult for the industry to develop any type of reliable
or credible tourism information base in order to estimate the contribution it makes to regional, national
and global economies. However, the nature of this very diversity makes travel and tourism ideal vehicles
for economic development in a wide variety of countries, regions or communities.
(v) Once the exclusive province of the wealthy, travel and tourism have become an institutionalized way of
life for most of the population. In fact, McIntosh and Goeldner (1990) suggest that tourism has become
the largest commodity in international trade for many nations and, for a significant number of other
countries, it ranks second or third. For example, tourism is the major source of income in Bermuda,
Greece, Italy, Spain, Switzerland and most Caribbean countries. In addition, Hawkins and Ritchie,
quoting from data published by the American Express Company, suggest that the travel and tourism
industry is the number one ranked employer in the Bahamas, Brazil, Canada, France, (the former) West
Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the United States.
However, because of problems of definition, which directly affect statistical measurement, it is not
possible with any degree of certainty to provide precise, valid or reliable data about the extent of world-
wide tourism participation or its economic impact. In many cases, similar difficulties arise when
attempts are made to measure domestic tourism.
Questions 15-19: Do the following statements agree with the information given in Passage 2? Write
T (for true) if the statement agrees with the information
F (for false) if the statement contradicts the information
NG (for not given) if there is no information on this
15. The largest employment figures in the world are found in the travel and tourism industry.
16. Tourism has a social impact because it promotes recreation.
17. Two main features of the travel and tourism industry make its economic significance difficult to ascertain.
18. Visitor spending is always greater than the spending of residents in tourist areas.
19. It is easy to show statistically how tourism affects individual economies.
PASSAGE 3 (2.5 points)
You are going to read an article in which five people talk about careers in archaeology. For questions
20-29, choose from the sections of the article (A-E). The section may be chosen more than once.
Which person
20. suggests that archaeology has a unique appeal? _______
21. describes how mutually supportive archaeologists tend to be? _______
22. criticizes people who advise against studying archaeology? _______
23. points out the economic contribution that archaeology can make? _______
24. welcomes the media profile that archaeology now has? _______
25. points out that jobs in archaeology can often be short-term? _______
26. emphasizes the commitment some archaeology students feel towards their subjects? _______
27. mentions the value of an archaeological perspective on wider issues? _______
28. believes archaeologists often overlook job opportunities that exist for them? _______
29. mentions the appeal of studying a subject with a practical side to it? _______

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 CAREERS IN ARCHAEOLOGY
A Jack Stone from The Archaeologi cal Association
The visibility of archaeology on TV and in the press has increased enormously in recent years. Whether
this makes it an attractive career, given an economic climate in which young people understandably favour
jobs with good salaries - not common in archaeology - is debatable, but generally, it's had a positive
impact. Many archaeologists are hired by small companies to work on excavations; these jobs are often
interesting but don't tend to last more than a few months at a time. Then, there are those who work for
government organizations, caring for the historical environment. These jobs are more stable, but there are
fewer of them. Some people stay on at university doing research and teaching, and others do museum
work. In my experience, most people go into archaeology with their feet firmly on the ground.
B Dr. Paul Simpson, university lecturer
It's probably what they see on film and TV, but many people assume that archaeology equals digging big
holes. While this is obviously an aspect of our work, the bulk of what we do nowadays is lab-based. Few
university programs cover the ground archaeology does. Spanning sciences and humanities, it requires all
sorts of skills, and in my department at least, we teach everything from human evolution to the industrial
revolution. The number of people wanting to study archaeology is regrettably small - tiny relative to
history, for example. Potential salaries partly explain this, but it's also down to misguided school teachers
saying, 'Why not choose a safe subject like business?' Perhaps they forget it's perfectly feasible to study
archaeology and then succeed in an unrelated career. Having said this, half the final-year students in my
department stay in archaeology, and tend to be obsessive about it. There's something about telling stories
based on evidence you've discovered – and knowing that if you hadn't discovered it, no-one would have,
that cannot be experienced in any other field.
C Victoria Walker, postgraduate student
I'm researching links between Roman civilization and Ireland 2,000 years ago, which I realize non-
archaeologists might think somewhat obscure. I have a fantastic bunch of academics and students backing
me up and there's a tremendous sense of being in it together. It's a challenging discipline, and one that
because of the fieldwork particularly suits a hands-on person like me. Archaeology's wonderful even if
you end up doing a completely different kind of job. With hindsight, I now see that the undergraduate
course is as much about learning how to do things that can be used in other areas of life, like how to gather
and interpret evidence, as it is about archaeology itself.
D Mark Anderson, field archaeologist
My company excavates sites before big construction projects like roads and shopping centers get started
on them. Some remains date back many thousands of years, others a couple of centuries; they might be
castles, temples, small houses or even just ancient farmland. Over the years, however, I've worked
extensively on wetland sites like marshes and river estuaries. This means I have unusual expertise and am
in demand for digs in such locations. Much of our work is practical, but we also use imagination to figure
out what the tiny fragments we dig up might mean. This, I feel, is something historians, with their access
to masses of evidence, tend to miss out on. People say archaeology is a luxury - today’s world has far
greater problems to solve than investigating how ancient people lived. It’s hard to argue with this, but our
troubled globe is run by people seeking quick, short-term solutions, and a deeper, longer-term
understanding of humanity's history, derived from archaeology, would surely enhance their thinking.
E Tina Cray, museum manager
Even at university I was always more interested in the theoretical side of things than digging, but on
graduating I assumed, like many others in my position, that excavation is what archaeology's all about. It
took me a while to realize there were other paths to explore. I'm now part of a team that runs museums
and heritage sites, and we provide a valuable, if underestimated, service to the community. There's the
key role museums play in ensuring that knowledge of the past doesn't remain the preserve of a privileged
minority. My team has also overseen an impressive rise in the number of tourists visiting museums and
monuments, and this has stimulated local businesses and created jobs.
-------e END OF TEST f-------
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