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भारतीय मानक IS 4720 : 2020
Indian Standard

सतह जलविद्युत स्टे शनों के वेंटिलेशन —


रीति सहिं ता
(  दसू रा पनु रीक्षण )

Ventilation of Surface Hydel Power


Stations — Code of Practice
( Second Revision )

ICS 17.120.20

© BIS 2020

भारतीय मानक ब्रयू ो


B U R E A U O F I N D I A N S TA N D A R D S
मानक भवन, 9 बहादरु शाह ज़फर मार्ग, नई िदल्ली – 110002
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI-110002
         www.bis.gov.in  
www.standardsbis.in

June 2020  Price Group 4


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Hydroelectric Power House Structures Sectional Committee, WRD 15

FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Second Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized
by the Hydroelectric Power House Structures Sectional Committee had been approved by the Water Resources
Division Council.
This standard was first published in 1968. The first revision was done in 1982 to include requirements of
natural ventilation with the provision of windows and ventilators. Since, then more experience has been gained
in the field and to reflect the latest practices the present revision has been taken up. In this revision, requirements
of inside temperature and relative humidity has been specified. Also reference has been given for design of air
conditioning using data for outside design conditions for air conditioning for Indian cities.
Due consideration should be given to the ventilation requirements in designing surface hydel power stations.
Provision for ventilation becomes necessary in the power station building to provide for any or all of the following
purposes:
a) To prevent temperature stratification,
b) To remove contaminated or vitiated air,
c) To remove waste heat from generators,
d) To provide for cooling or heating of building,
e) To furnish clean/tempered air, and
f) To furnish outside air necessary for human comfort.
Ventilation in surface hydel power stations by natural means alone using gravity may be sufficient in some
stations to meet the above mentioned purposes. Where these purposes cannot be met by natural ventilation, forced
ventilation or combination of the two with heating and cooling systems, where necessary, may be resorted to
ensure clean, and if necessary, tempered air to reach various premises in the power station, which will, otherwise,
receive little or no ventilation and where for the protection of equipment and to maintain satisfactory thermal
environments, the heat to be removed is too great to be handled by gravity.
This standard is one of a series of Indian Standards on surface hydel power stations. Other standards so far
published in this series are the following:
IS 4247 (Part 1) : 1993 Code of practice for structural design of surface hydroelectric power stations:
Part 1 Data for design (third revision)
IS 4461 : 1998 Code of practice for joints in surface hydroelectric power stations (second
revision)
IS 4721 : 2014 Code of practice for drainage and dewatering of surface hydroelectric power
stations (second revision)
The Committee responsible for the formulation of this standard is given in Annex B.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with the final value
observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised )’. The number of significant places retained in the
rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
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IS 4720 : 2020

Indian Standard
VENTILATION OF SURFACE HYDEL POWER
STATIONS — CODE OF PRACTICE
( Second Revision )

1 SCOPE to increase it to one-fifth of the floor area. Windows


should be well distributed and be located on windward
1.1 This standard covers basic requirements regarding side at low level and should not, as far as possible, be
design of ventilation system for surface hydel power obstructed by adjoining structures or partitions. When
stations. wind direction is variable, windows should be provided
on all sides, if possible. Effort should be made to
1.1.1 For installation, operation, testing and
develop cross-ventilation. For protection against fire,
maintenance of ventilating system reference may be
it is preferable to provide steel doors and windows in
made to IS 3103.
power house and auxiliary rooms. Reference may be
1.2 This standard, however, does not cover the made to IS 1038 and IS 1361. The ventilators should be
requirements for ventilation of generators or other fixed as high as possible for proper expulsion of warm
equipment and specifications for fans, ducts and other air. Full advantage should be taken of sunshine which
equipment used in the ventilation of surface hydel is important in ventilation and its availability depends
power stations. on the orientation of the power house which in turn
may depend on site condition. In providing openings,
2 REFERENCES measures to guard against entry of birds, moths, etc,
should be taken.
The Indian standards listed in Annex A contain
provision, which through references in this text 4.2 Forced Ventilation
constitute provision of this standard. At the time
of publication, the editions indicated were valid. 4.2.1 Forced ventilation system is designed keeping the
All standards are subject to revision, and parties to inlet fan capacity 10 percent more than the exhaust fan
agreements based on these standards are encouraged to capacity.
investigate the possibilities of applying the most recent
4.2.2 Unassigned rooms and storage rooms should be
edition of the standards indicated in Annex A.
carefully considered, so that sufficient ventilation may
3 TYPES OF VENTILATION be provided in those which might be used for purpose
requiring additional ventilation in the future.
The ventilation may be of following types:
4.2.3 In portions of the power station building where
a) Natural — That is, by forces set in motion by the moisture condensation is anticipated, dehumidified
heat of sun, namely, winds; and air should be supplied to prevent condensation, as
b) Forced or Artificial — That is, by extraction or condensation causes deterioration of point, corrosion
propulsion. of metal surfaces and breakdown of insulation on
electrical equipment.
4 GENERAL RULES FOR DESIGN
4.2.4 The quantity of air required for the power station
4.1 Natural Ventilation building should be worked out from the number of
air changes preferred for the various premises of the
4.1.1 Thorough ventilation of power house building
building as given in Table 1. In addition to this the
should be aimed at by the provision of adequate
points given in 4.2.4.1 to 4.2.4.10 should also be kept
windows and ventilators.
in mind.
4.1.2 Provision of Windows and Ventilators
4.2.4.1 One air change per hour means that the
The object of providing windows and ventilators quantity of air equivalent to the total volume of the
is two-fold, that is, to get fresh air and light. The room is supplied to and exhausted from the room
minimum area of windows and ventilators to be each hour. This air may be all outside air or a part
provided in power house building shall be one-tenth of the circulated air, depending upon the oxygen
of the floor area. However, efforts should be made content.

1
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IS 4720 : 2020

Table 1 Preferred Air Changes and Inside Condition


( Clause 4.2.4 )

Sl Power House Premises Preferred Air Inside Relative Humidity,


No. Changes Per Temperature, °C Percent
Hour
Summer Winter
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
i) Main generator hall /floor, machine hall, turbine floor, service bay, 2 <35 >12* < 75
Inlet valve floor, Cooling water pump floor, dark room, transformer
hall, GIS floor, Storage rooms and record rooms.
ii) Passage, approach gallery, pipe gallery, ventilation 4 <35 >12* < 75
equipment room, governor gallery, cable gallery,
cable spreader room / shafts, dewatering and drainage
pump room or sump or gallery, carbon dioxide (CO2)
room, fire fighting room, staircases.
iii) oil storage purification /sludge room, compressor room, terminal 6 <35 >15 <70
board room, mechanical workshops, electrical workshops,
switchgear room, battery and battery charger toom. Telephone and
communication equipment rooms and maintenance rooms
iv) All offices, reception room, toilets, pantry, first aid room and 8 <28 >18 < 60
control room

4.2.4.2 The proportion of outside air to the circulated 4.2.4.7 Rooms which may contain air contaminated
air supplied to a room depends upon temperature with objectionable or harmful odours, carbon dioxide
conditions, number of occupants and kind of equipment gas or smoke, should be exhausted directly to the
installed in the room. outside of the building.
4.2.4.3 The number of air changes per hour provided for 4.2.4.8 When heating or cooling units are provided
any room is dependent upon the number of occupants. in the power house, their effect on the quantity and
The air should be changed at the rate of 1.5 m3/min per temperature or air circulating through the building shall
person and not less than 0.3 m3/min of this air should be considered.
come from outside sources. The minimum fresh air
quantity in the ventilation system should not be less 4.2.4.9 The spacing of supply and exhaust openings in
than 10 percent of the total supply capacity and should long rooms or galleries should be such that sufficient
not be less than the maximum value of the following air changes per hour are provided along the full length
two air volumes: of the room.
a) Fresh air volume : 34 m³/h per person and 4.2.4.10 The effective height of machine hall, erection
b) Fresh air volume, : 2 m³/h per m² of floor area bay shall be 6 m from the finish floor level for calculation
of ventilation or air-conditioning system.
4.2.4.4 The number of air changes per hour provided
for rooms containing equipment generating heat shall 5 FANS
necessarily be increased, depending on the amount of
Forced air ventilation is provided by propeller, axial
heat to be carried out by the ventilating system.
or centrifugal type fans powered by electric motors.
4.2.4.5 For medium climates, the maximum Propeller fans may be used either to supply or exhaust
temperature rise of air carrying off heat of transformers where no duct system, filters or other restrictions
should be limited to 20°C, and for hot climates the are in the air passage. When duct system is used,
temperature rise shall be limited to 16°C; however, axial or centrifugal fans may be used for any type of
the final temperature of the air exhausted shall not operation involving the movement of air and may be
exceed 45°C. accompanied by filters, and coolers or heaters where
cleaning and tempering of supply air is required. Choice
4.2.4.6 Air supplied to rooms containing special of a particular type of fan may be made by consulting
mechanical or electrical equipment should be filtered the fan manufacturers’ data, which give full operating
and circulation maintained at a minimum, through characteristics with a preferred range of operation for a
diffusers, to prevent the accumulation of dust on particular fan.
sensitive mechanisms.

2
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IS 4720 : 2020

6 AIR INTAKE AND EXHAUST OPENINGS 8 AIR-CONDITIONING

6.1 Openings are provided for intake and exhaust of 8.1 When the desired temperatures and humidity
air where outside air is required for ventilation. Where inside the hydel power station are not obtainable
natural ventilation is used, the opening of windows is by ordinary ventilation, air-conditioning may be
sometimes sufficient. For forced ventilation, special resorted to by heating or cooling the entering air to the
openings are required. The number of openings desired temperature to maintain comfortable working
for intake and exhaust of air depends on the space conditions in the premises occupied by working
arrangement in the building, on the size of the building personnel. The premises where it will be desirable to
and the design of the ventilation system. Small power provide air-conditioning are control room, machine
plants may have one opening of each type. For larger shop, offices, reception room, first-aid room, dark
power plants, separate outside air intake should be room, electrical laboratory, switchgear and terminal
installed for the control, service and main unit bays. board room and telephone and carrier communication
Each intake should be provided with storm louvers, room. For designing of air-conditioning, the data of
screens, and dampers for controlling the mixture of outside design conditions for air condition of Indian
outside and circulated air. The obstructive effect of the cities as per IS 7896 may be used. For air-conditioning
louvers should be compensated for by making the gross reference may be made to IS 16678 (Part 1), IS 16678
area of the initial intake twice the area of the connecting (Part 2), IS 16678 (Part 3) and IS 16678 (Part 4).
duct. When filters are used, the area shall be increased
to accommodate the required filter area. Table 2 Recommended and Maximum Duct
Velocities for Systems in Power House Building
6.2 Air opening may be placed anywhere on the
( Clauses 6.4 and 7, 9.4 )
exposed walls or roof of the power plant building,
except that, in order to reduce dust intake, air intake Sl Designation Recommended Maximum
should be at least 1.25 m above ground or deck level. No. Velocities Velocities

6.3 Air is exhausted from the building through exhaust (1) (2) (3) (4)
openings provided with louvers or by axial-flow 1) Outer air intakes 150 370
exhaust fans located near the roof in the main generator 2) Filters* 110 110
room. Normally, the number of exhaust openings
3) Heating coils* 180 210
may be more than the air inlet openings, since the
spaces to be exhausted are seldom located in the same 4) Air washers 150 150
general area, nor do they have common requirements. 5) Fan outlets 500-730 850
Individual centrifugal fans and connecting ducts are 6) Main ducts 370-550 670
usually installed to exhaust air from toilets, battery 7) Branch ducts 250-300 550
rooms and oil storage rooms.
8) Branch risers 250 500
6.4 The size of air openings is dependent on noise level, * These velocities are for total face area and not the net free areas other
and to a lesser degree, on horse power requirements, velocities in the table are for net free area. The net free area is the
since the smaller the opening the higher will be the total minimum area of the opening in the face of coil, grille, register
or louver through which air can pass .
noise level and the resistance. The size of air openings
may also be worked out from the air velocity as
recommended in Table 2, which will be found to 8.2 In general, all rooms, used by sedentary personnel
give satisfactory results in designing conventional shall be maintained at 24°C to 26°C with a relative
systems. humidity less than 50 percent, or in special cases local
radiant type portable heaters may be used for the space
7 AIR CLEANING actually occupied. Operation of the air-conditioning
system should be independent of the main ventilating
It is desirable to clean the air entering the power system and the control of the system should be automatic
plant building in order to remove the air-borne dust by means of thermostatic devices. Heating and cooling
particles which, if allowed to enter the building, load computations may be based on currently accepted
may have an abrasive effect on rotating machinery, standard practice.
interfere with the operation of electric or electronic
devices, and may, otherwise settle on equipment, 9 DUCTS
giving a dirty appearance. The air filters are usually
located upstream of the fan. The size of the air filters 9.1 Where positive ventilation requires ducts for
may be determined by the recommended velocity of proper air distribution, considerable advantage may be
air passing as given in Table 2. The choice of the air achieved by incorporating the ducts into the building
filter may be made by reference to the manufacturer’s structure and by having the interior surfaces carefully
catalogues. finished to render them smooth and air-tight.

3
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IS 4720 : 2020

9.2 Where meta duct work is installed, it shall be 10 AIR DISTRIBUTION CONTROL
fabricated from galvanized steel or aluminium sheets,
To regulate the flow of air in a ventilating system,
and shall conform to IS 655.
control dampers shall be provided throughout. At
9.3 The transfer of air by ducts from source to delivery outside air intakes, multi-louver dampers shall be
point, should be as direct as practicable with the fewest used to control the amount of air admitted. A similar
possible bends. Flexible connections shall be provided damper is required on inside air intakes to control the
between fans and duct work to prevent the noise of fan amount of recirculated air. These two dampers shall be
vibration being transmitted directly to the sheet-metal interconnected to permit regulation of the proportion of
ducts. outside air to inside air used in the ventilating system.
These may be operated manually or automatically.
9.4 The size of the air ducts shall be worked out from Back-draft dampers are used where it is desired to
the permissible air velocities given in Table 2. prevent a reverse flow of the air, such as the air supply
duct to a battery room. Exhaust ducts from rooms
9.5 Supply and exhaust ducts of acid battery rooms containing a fire hazard shall have dampers which can
shall be painted with acid resistant pain1 both inside be automatically and manually closed in case of fire.
and outside. Discharge openings, provided with propeller exhaust
9.6 Ducts shall be suitably insulated wherever fans, should be fitted with motor or mechanically
required. operated type multi-louver dampers, which will open
and close automatically when the fan motor starts and
stops.

4
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IS 4720 : 2020

ANNEX A
( Clause 2 )

LIST OF REFERRED INDIAN STANDARDS

IS No. Title IS No. Title

2 : 1960 Rules for rounding off 16678 (Part 1) : 2018/ Refrigerating systems and
numerical values (revised) ISO 5149-1 : 2014 heat pump — Safety and
environmental requirement:
3103 : 1975 Code of practice for Part 1 Definitions, classifi­
industrial ventilation (first cation and selection criteria
revision)
16678 (Part 2) : 2018/ Refrigerating systems and
1038 : 1983 Specification for steel doors, ISO 5149-2 : 2014 heat pump — Safety and
windows and ventilators environmental requirements:
(third revision) Part 2 Design, construction,
1361 : 1978 Specification for steel testing, marking and
windows for industrial documentation
building (first revision) 16678 (Part 3) : 2018/ Refrigerating systems and
655 : 2006 Air ducts — Specification ISO 5149-3 : 2014 heat pump — Safety and
(second revision) environmental requirements:
7896: 2001 Data for outside design Part 3 Installation site
conditions for air 16678 (Part 4) : 2018/ Refrigerating systems and
conditioning for indian cities ISO 5149-4 : 2014 heat pump — Safety and
(first revision) environmental requirements:
Part 4 Operation, mainten­
ance, repair and recovery

5
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IS 4720 : 2020

ANNEX B
( Foreword )

COMMITTEE COMPOSITION
Composition of Hydroelectric Power House Structures Sectional Committee, WRD 15

Organization Representative(s)
Central Water Commission, New Delhi CE Design (N&W) (Chairman)
Presently Shri S. K. Sibal
Andritz Hydro Pvt Ltd, Dist. Faridabad Shri Chandra Kant Jain
Bhakra Beas Management Board, Chandigarh Member (Irrigation)
Sr Design Engineer – II (Alternate)
Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd, Bhopal Nomination Awaited
Central Electricity Authority, New Delhi Shri Pankaj Gupta
Shri Deepak Sharma (Alternate)
Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dr R. K. Goel
Roorkee Shri Anil Swarup (Alternate)
Central Water & Power Research Station, Pune Shri Rizwan Ali
Shri M. S. Hanumanthappa (Alternate)
Central Water Commission, New Delhi Director HCD (N&W)
Director HCD (E&NE) (Alternate)
Geological Survey of India, Kolkata Shri Bonthu Ajaya Kumar
Dr Mridul Srivastava (Alternate)
Himachal Pradesh Power Corporation Limited Dr Poonam Binijokar
Er D. P. Gupta (Alternate)
IIT, Roorkee Dr M. L. Kansal
Dr Thanga Raj Chelliah (Alternate)
Irrigation Research Institute, Roorkee Gourav Goel
Amar Jeet Sah (Alternate)
Ranjit Sagar Dam Design, Irrigation Works, Govt of Nomination Awaited
Punjab, Chandigarh
Jaypee Infra Ventures, Noida Shri Vatsal Chopra
Shri Rajnish Yadav (Alternate)
M/S GE Power India Ltd, Noida Shri Durgesh Shah
NHPC Limited, Faridabad Shri Sarabjit Singh
Shri Deepak Kumar (Alternate I)
Shri Ashish Rao (Alternate II)
NTPC Ltd, Noida Shri Naveen Kumar Jain
Shri Amar Singh (Alternate)
SJVN Ltd, New Shimla Shri Sanjeev Gupta
Shri Manish Chauhan (Alternate)
THDC India Ltd, Rishikesh Shri Shailendra Singh
Shri Sanjay Goel (Alternate)
UJVN Ltd (I), Dehradun Nomination Awaited
Wapcos Ltd, Gurgaon Shri Anupam Mishra
Smt P. Sumana (Alternate)
Central Soil & Materials Research Station, New Delhi Shri S. L. Gupta
(Co-Opted) Shri Hari Dev (Alternate)

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IS 4720 : 2020

Organization Representative(s)
S K System Pvt Ltd, Delhi Shri Ajay Bhargava
Shri Vipul Gupta (Alternate)
Central Design Organisation, Water Resources Suptg Engineer (Gates Circle)
Department, Nashik Executive Engineer (Gates & Outlets Div-4)
BIS Directorate General Mrs Rachna Sehgal, Scientist ‘F’ and Head (WRD)
[ Representing Director General ( Ex-officio ) ]

Member Secretary
Shri Alok Singh
Scientist ‘E’ ( WRD), BIS

7
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development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to
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Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
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should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of
‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards: Monthly Additions’.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc No.: WRD 15 (11547).

Amendments Issued Since Publication


Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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