Facts

and figures reading and vocabulary development 1 pdf

Three dimensions of vocabulary growth answer key pdf. What is reading for vocabulary development. 10 facts about reading. Reading & vocabulary development 1 facts & figures pdf answer key.

Heinle's Newbury House Dictionaries The Core of English Language Learning BUI l T-1 N Pl CTURE DI CTI ONA RY WITH INTEGRATED THESAURUS The ideal supplements for vocabulary development, dictionary activities, and collocation work! Use Hein/e's Newbury House Dictionaries to build vocabulary and increase reading skills. Heinle's
Newbury House Dictionary with Integrated Thesaurus Softcover with CD-ROM....0-8384-2657-3 Hardcover .........................0-8837-7017-2 Heinle's ·easic Newbury House Dictionary Softcover ..........................0-8384-2656-5 Hardcover .........................0-7593-9808-9 Heinle's Newbury House Dictionary CD-ROM (Dual Platform) 0-8384-2661-1 The Heinle
Picture Dictionary 0-8384-4400-8 Reading & Vocabulary Development 1 Facts Figures Fourth Edition Patricia Ackert Linda Lee THOMSON Australia Canada Mexico Singapore United Kingdom United States • THOMSON Reading & Vocabulary Development 1: Facts & Figures, Fourth Edition Patricia Ackert and Linda Lee Publisher, Adult and
Academic ESL: James W.

Brown Senior Acquisitions Editor: Sherrise Roehr Director of Product Development: Anita Raducanu Development Editor: Tom Jefferies Editorial Assistant: Katherine Reilly Senior Production Editor: Maryellen E. Killeen Technology Manager: Andrew Christensen Director of Marketing: Amy Mabley Marketing Manager: Laura Needham Senior Print
Buyer: Mary Beth Hennebury Compositor: Pre-Press Company, Inc. Project Manager: Jane Hoover, Lifland et al., Bookmakers Photo Researcher: Gail Magin Illustrator: Barry Burns Cover Designer: Ha Ngyuen Text Designer: Quica Ostrander Printer: Courier Corporation To the Instructor Acknowledgments vi x 1 Animals Lesson 1 The Kiwi 2 Lesson 2
The Camel 6 10 Lesson 3 The Polar Bear Lesson 4 The Hippopotamus 15 Lesson 5 The Dolphin 20 Word Study 25 Extension Activities Video Highlights: CNN Video, Dolphins in Honduras Activity Page 30 32 Dictionary Page: Finding Antonyms [� Unit2 How?Why? 28 33 36 Lesson 1 Why Do We Yawn? Lesson 2 Why Do People Laugh? 41 46 Lesson 3
Why Is the Sea Salty? Lesson 4 How Can a Plant Kill? 51 56 How Do Hearing-Impaired People Talk? Lesson 5 Word Study 61 Extension Activities Video Highlights: CNN Video, A New Kind of Tourism in Brazil Activity Page 66 Dictionary Page: Learning Word Forms 67 � Unit3 Plants 64 69 Lesson 1 The Date Palm 72 Lesson 2 The Water Hyacinth 77
82 Lesson 3 Rice Lesson 4 Oranges 87 92 Lesson 5 The Coffee Plant Word Study 97 111 Contents Extension Activities Video Highlights: CNN Video, The Bakas of Cameroon Activity Page 103 104 Dictionary Page: Finding the Correct Spelling Unit4 Music 101 105 Lesson 1 Music and Behavior 108 Lesson 2 Blues and Jazz 113 118 Lesson 3 Rock and
Roll Lesson 4 Country Western Music 123 Lesson 5 Latin Music and Salsa 128 Word Study 133 Extension Activities Video Highlights: CNN Video, Three New Country Songwriters Activity Page 140 Dictionary Page: Understanding Grammar 141 rill Unit 5 Work and Leisure 143 Lesson 1 Work Hours 146 Lesson 2 Salaries 151 Lesson 3 Family-Friendly
Companies 156 Lesson 4 Work Clothes 161 Lesson 5 Trme Off 166 Word Study 171 Extension Activities Video Highlights: CNN Video, Volunteer Firefighters in Los Angeles Activity Page 177 178 Dictionary Page: Learning Word Forms �1 Unit6 138 Interesting People of the World 175 179 Lesson 1 The Sarni of Northern Europe 182 Lesson 2 The
Ainu of Japan 187 Lesson 3 The Yanomami of the Amazon 193 Lesson 4 The Hopi of Arizona 198 Lesson ·5 The Maori of New Zealand 204 Word Study 209 .

IV Facts & Figures Extension Activities Video Highlights: CNN Video, Modern Issues for the Hopi and the Navajo Activity Page 215 217 Dictionary Page: Choosing the Correct Definition � Unit7 Exploration and Adventure 213 219 Lesson 1 The Polynesians 222 227 Lesson 2 A Giraffe in Central Asia 232 Lesson 3 The First Woman on Mount Everest
Lesson 4 The Iditarod 237 Lesson 5 Sailing Alone 243 Word Study 248 Extension Activities Video Highlights: CNN Video, A Contemporary Look at Alaska's lditarod Race 253 Activity Page 255 256 Dictionary Page: Finding Synonyms Vocabulary 257 Skills Index 260 262 Irregular Verbs V Contents Reading & Vocabulary Development 1: Facts &
Figures is a best​ selling beginning reading skills text designed for students of English as a second or foreign language who have a basic vocab​ ulary in English of about 300 words. This text teaches about 500 more words. It also teaches the reading skills of comprehension, finding the main idea, and using the context to understand vo​ cabulary items.
Facts & Figures is one in a series of reading skills texts. The complete series has been designed to meet the needs of students from the beginning to the high intermediate levels and includes the following: Reading & Vocabulary Development 1: Facts & Figures Reading & Vocabulary Development 2: Thoughts & Notions Reading & Vocabulary
Development 3: Cause & Effect Reading & Vocabulary Development 4: Concepts & Comments In addition to the student text, an answer key and video tran​ script, VHS, DVD, audio cassette, and audio CD are also avail​ able for Facts & Figures. Facts & Figures uses the following methodology: • Theme-based approach to reading. Each of the seven
units has a theme such as animals, plants, explorations, or occupations. • Systematic presentation and recycling of vocabulary. One of the primary tasks of beginning students is developing a useful and personally relevant vocabulary base. In Facts & Figures, up to twelve words are introduced in each lesson. These words appear in boldface type.
Those underlined are illustrated or glossed in the margin. All of the new vocabulary items are used several times in the lesson, and then are systematically recycled through​ out the text.
• Focus on grammatical structure. The first two units use only the present tense, and the sentences are short. The past tense is introduced in Unit 3 and the present continuous in Unit 5. The . VI Facts & Figures only other tenses used are the past continuous .and the future with will and going to. Subject, object, possessive, and reflexive pronouns are
used. Facts & Figures also presents such connectors as and, but, so, then, because, or, and when. By using these, the text can include longer sentences that are still easy for the students to read. [ Organization of Facts & Figures Facts & Figures is organized into seven units. Each unit con​ tains five lessons packed with exercises and activities. •
Context Clues. Starting with Unit 2, a context clue exercise at the beginning of each unit introduces some of the vocabulary for the following unit. This section is designed to pre-teach partic​ ularly important grammar. • "Before You Read" Questions. These pre-reading questions provide a motivation for reading the text. • Vocabulary. The first exercise
has sentences taken directly from the text. All new words are included. This is for practice in reading the sentences again and writing the new words. • Vocabulary: New Context . This exercise gives further prac​ tice with the new words in a different context but with the same meaning. • Vocabulary Review. Vocabulary items are used in subse​ quent
texts and exercises to give additional review. They are fill​ ins or matching synonyms and antonyms. • Questions. These comprehension questions are taken di​ rectly from the text. Those marked with an asterisk are either in​ ference or discussion questions. • Comprehension. These are true/false, true/false/no infor​ mation, or multiple choice. They
include inference and discussion questions marked with an asterisk. • Main Idea. Students must choose the main idea of the text from three possibilities. .. Vil To the Instructor • Word Study. A word study section is provided near the end of each unit.
It reinforces structural points, such as verb forms, pronouns, and comparison of adjectives, that the students are learning in other classes. It also gives spelling rules for noun plu​ rals and verb endings. Later units have charts of word forms. The exercises are not intended to be complete explanations and prac​ tice of the grammar points. • Writing.
Each word study section closes with a writing exercise. • Extension Activities. Each unit ends with a set of high-inter​ est, interactive tasks to help students practice the new vocabulary and the skills they have learned in more open-ended contexts. CNN Video Highlights-The highlight of each set of extension activities is a short video-based lesson
centered on a stimulating, authentic clip from the CNN video archives. Each video lesson follows the same sequence of activities: Before You Watch encourages students to recall background knowledge based on their own experiences or from infor​ mation presented in the readings. As You Watch asks students to watch for general informa​ tion such as
the topic of the clip. After You Watch gets the students to expand on the main points of the video by establishing further connections to the reading passages, their own experiences, and their ideas and opinions. Activity Page-Games found on this page encourage students to practice the vocabulary and structures found in that unit's lessons in a
relaxed, open-ended way. Dictionary Page-Exercises on this page offer students prac​ tice with dictionary skills based on entries from The Basic New​ bury House Dictionary.

• Skills Index. This index provides teachers and students with a handy reference for all of the reading and writing skills in​ troduced in Fact & Figures, as well as all of the grammatical struc​ tures found in the text. VI II Facts & Figures New to This- Edition The best-selling reading series just got better! The fourth edi​ tion of Facts & Figures contains
new readings, new pedagogy, and new ancillaries . • A new Unit 5 features high-interest readings on work and leisure that are relevant to students' lives. • Ten fresh new readings engage students in fascinating new topics. The new readings for this edition are as follows: Unit 2, Lesson 1: Why Do We Yawn? Unit 2, Lesson 2: Why Do People Laugh?
Unit 3, Lesson 5: The Coffee Plant Unit 4, Lesson 1: Music and Behavior Unit 5, Lesson 1: Work Hours Unit 5, Lesson 2: Salaries Unit 5, Lesson 3: Family-Friendly Companies Unit 5, Lesson 4: Work Clothes Unit 5, Lesson 5: Time Off Unit 7, Lesson 5: Sailing Alone • Thoroughly checked for factual accuracy, each reading has been revised to include
level-appropriate structures and vocabulary. • New collocation activities in Units 4, 5, and 7 help students understand how words fit together in chunks. • New pedagogical design, photos, and illustrations aid student comprehension and ease navigation through the text. • Exam View® Pro test-generating software allows instructors to create custom
tests and quizzes. • A new website ( � ulary) features vocabulary flashcards, crosswords, quizzes, and more to help students revise for tests. To the Instructor IX The authors and publisher would like to thank the following individuals who offered helpful feedback and suggestions for the revision of the Reading & Vocabulary Development series: Brian
Altano-Bergen Community College, Paramus, NJ Benjamin Deleon-Delano High School, Delano, CA Elaine Dow-Quinsigamond Community College, Worcester, MA Julia Karet-Chaffey College, Rancho Cucamonga, CA Jane Sitko-Edmonds Community College, Lynnwood, WA X Facts & Figures unit The Kiwi lesson Before You Read Look at the picture.
Read the sentences. Check (II) True, False, or Don't Know. 2 ... ��- ,- True False Don't Know 1. The kiwi is a kind of bird. D D D 2.

The kiwi is very big. D D D 3. The kiwi lives in New Zealand. D D D ��������������������� Unit 1: Animals 1 The Kiwi The kiwi lives only in New Zealand.
It is a very strange bird because it cannot fly. The kiwi is the same size as a chicken. It has no wings or tail. It does not have feathers like other birds.
Its feathers look like hair. Each foot has four toes. Its beak is very long. A kiwi likes to have a lot of trees around it. It sleeps during the day because the sunlight hurts its eyes.
It can smell things very well. It smells things better than most birds do.
The kiwi's eggs are very big. There are only a few kiwis in New Zealand now. People do not often see them. The government says that people cannot kill kiwis. New Zealanders want their kiwis to live. There is a picture of a kiwi on New Zealand money. People from New Zealand are sometimes called "kiwis." .:, � Lesson 1: The Kiwi 3 --- a Vocabulary
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text. government kill wings 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. fly hurts during strange smell size beak feathers only tail the day because the sunlight _____ its eyes. It sleeps It is a very ______ bird because it cannot ______ The says that people cannot ______ kiwis. It can things very well. or ______ It has no
The kiwi lives ______ in New Zealand. It does not have like other birds. Its ______ is very long .. The kiwi is the same ______ as a chicken. f6l Vocabulary: New Context Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text. during size hurts 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7.
8. 9. smells strange fly kill wings tail only beak feathers government Cats and dogs _______ birds. A bluebird has blue _______ Some students have a scholarship from their------because it has ______ An airplane can What are you cooking? It good. My leg .
I can't walk on it. Most cats have a long------A person has a mouth. A bird has a _______ Some students are very . They want to learn English, but they don't come to class. 10. I cannot buy this shirt. I have three dollars. shoes do you wear? 11. What 4 Questions The asterisk(*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. *6.
7. 8. 9. *10.
(cl] Where does the kiwi live? What is a kiwi? How big is a kiwi? Does a kiwi have feathers? Does it have a tail and wings?
How many toes does it have? When does a kiwi sleep? Can most birds smell? Why can't people kill kiwis? Why does New Zealand have a picture of a kiwi on its money? Comprehension: True/False Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if it is false (not true).
The asterisk(*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text. 1. __ 2. __ 3. __ 4. __ *5. __ 6. __ 7. [ej Kiwis live in Australia and New Zealand.
A kiwi has a tail but no wings. A kiwi has a big beak. It sleeps during the day because the sunlight hurts its eyes. You can see a kiwi in some zoos in New Zealand. The New Zealand government does not want all the kiwis to die. A kiwi is like most other birds. Main Idea Circle the number of the main idea of the text. 1. The kiwi is a strange New
Zealand bird. 2. The kiwi sleeps during the day and has no tail or wings. 3. New Zealanders like kiwis. Lesson 1 : The Kiwi � .:, 5 --- The Camel lesson Before You Read Look at the pictures.
Read the sentences. Check (11) True, False, or Don't Know. True False Don't Know 1. Camels live in hot places. D D D 2. The camel has a tail. D D D D D 3. All camels have two humps on their backs. 6 2 The Camel The camel can go without water for a long time. Some people think it stores water in its hump. This is not true. It stores food in its hump.
The camel's body changes the food into fat. Then the fat is stored in the hump. A camel cannot store the fat all over its body. Fat all over an animal's body keeps the animal warm. Camels live in the desert. They do not want to be warm during the day. The desert is very hot. The camel gets hotter and hotter during the day. It stores this heat in its body
because the nights are cool. The Arabian camel has one hump. The Bactrian camel of Central Asia has two humps. It also has long, thick hair, because the winters are cold in Central Asia. There is a lot of sand in the desert. The camel has long eyelashes. The eyelashes keep the sand out of the camel's eyes. Arabic has about 150 words to describe a
camel. Many people who speak Arabic need all these words because the camel is very important to them. Lesson 2: The Camel keeps everywhere on noun for hot a little cold too more or less to tell about .•:it-•... 7 [ij Vocabulary Put the right word in each blank.
The sentences are from the text. a11 over also stores camel during cool describe about eyelashes thick heat desert a camel. 150 words to Arabic has The can go without water for a long time. The camel has long _______ Some people think it _______ water in its hump. Camels live in the _______ It _______ has long, _______ hair, because the winters are
cold in Central Asia.
its body. 7. A camel cannot store the fat in its body because the nights are _____ 8. It stores this 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. [ti! Vocabulary: New Context Put the right word in each blank.
These are new sentences for words in the text . store desert describe We milk, fruit, and vegetables in the refrigerator. Fall is _______ in Canada. Winter is cold. Winter is _______ cold in Russia.
Can you _______ an elephant? What does it look like? There are different animals ------- the world. Some people have long _______· around their eyes. It does not rain very much in the _______ Mark's dictionary is very------· It has more than 1,000 pages. We cook food with _______ from a stove.
Not many people ride on _______ now. They use cars. Tom is 25 years old. Maybe he is 24 or 27. also camels during 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 8 heat thick about . eyelashes all over cool � Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Where do camels live? What does a camel store in its hump? The camel doesn't store fat all over its body. Why? Why does it store heat during the day? Which kind of camel has one hump? Which has two?
Why does a Bactrian camel have long, thick hair? Why does a camel need long eyelashes? Why does Arabic have 150 words to describe a camel? Comprehension: Multiple Choice Put a circle around the letter of the best answer. 1. The camel can go without __ for a long time.
d. heat b. water c. fat a. food in its hump. 2. It stores a. water d. hair b. heat c. food camel has one hump. 3. The a. Arabian b. Bactrian c. desert d. fat 4. Long keep sand out of the camel's eyes. a. thick hairs b. humps c. eyelashes d. ears 5. The Bactrian camel has long, thick hair because __ a. it lives in a hot desert c.
winters are cold in Central Asia b. it stores fat in its hump d. the sand gets in its eyes fiJ Main Idea Circle the number of the main idea of the text. 1. There are two kinds of camels. 2. The camel has a good body for life in the desert. 3. The camel stores food in its hump. Lesson 2: The Camel � •:. 9 --- lesson The Polar Bear Before You Read Look at the
picture.
Read the sentences. Check (I/) True, False, or Don't Know. 10 True False Don't Know 1. Polar bears eat fish.
D D D 2. Polar bears have long, thick hair. D D D 3. Polar bears like hot weather. D D D 3 The Polar Bear ,..North Pole The polar bear is a very big white bear. We call it the polar bear because it lives inside the Arctic Circle near the North Pole. There are no polar bears at the South Pole. The polar bear lives in the snow and ice. At the North Pole,
there is only snow, ice, and water. There is not any land. People cannot see the polar bear in the snow very well because its coat is yellow-white. It has a·. very warm coat because the weather is cold north of the Arctic Circle. This bear is three meters long, and it weighs 450 kilos (kilograms). It can stand up on its back legs because it has very wide
feet. It can use its front legs like arms. The polar bear can swim very well. It can swim 120 kilometers out into the water. It catches fish and sea animals for food. It goes into the sea when it is afraid. Some people want to kill the polar bear for its beautiful white coat. The governments of the United States and Russia say that no one can kill polar bears
now. They do not want all of these beautiful animals to die. \.South Pole ,:- � Lesson 3: The Polar Bear 11 --- Ii] Vocabulary Put the right word in each blank.
The sentences are from the text.
warm North South polar bear weighs afraid catches wide ice swrm snow bear 1. The polar bear lives in the and _______ is a very big white bear. 2.
The 3. It goes into the sea when it is ------coat because the weather is cold. 4. It has a very Pole. 5.
There are no polar bears at the very well. 6. The polar bear can 7. It lives inside the Arctic Circle near the _______ Pole. 8. It _______ fish and sea animals for food.
9. This bear is three meters long, and it _______ 450 kilos. 10: It can stand up on its back legs because it has very ______ feet. [6j Vocabulary: New Context Put the right word in each blank.
These are new sentences for words in the text. south North swim afraid wide ice weigh warm snow coat bears catch 1. There are brown and black _______ in North America. ? Fifty kilos? 2.
How much do you . Fall is cool. 3. Winter is cold. Spring is of animals. 4. Sometimes children are in a swimming pool? 5. Do you like to 6. Italy is of France. 7.
Do you want some _______ in your soft drink? 8. There is all over Canada in the winter. Africa. 9. The Sahara Desert is in 10. Tenth Street is a _______ street. the ball? 11. Can you 12 .�-:- ---------------------� • Unit 1: Animals [cl Vocabulary Review Write C before the words or phrases about camels. Write K before the words or phrases about kiwis. 1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. __ 10. __ 11. __ 12. stores heat in its body hump tail big eggs goes without water long, thick hair eyelashes beak desert wing hair on its body feather � Questions The asterisk(*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
*9. *10. Why do we call the big white bear the polar bear? Why can't people see the polar bear very well? Why does it have a warm coat? How much does it weigh? What does it eat? Where does it go when it is afraid? Why do some people want to kill the polar bear? What do the governments of Russia and the United States say? Can a polar bear live
near New Zealand? Why doesn't a polar bear eat fruit and vegetables?
Lesson 3: The Polar Bear � .:, 13 --- eI Comprehension: Multiple Choice Put a circle around the letter of the best answer. 1. The polar bear lives ___ a. at the South Pole c. near the North Pole b.
in warm countries d. on land 2. At the North Pole, there is no ___ a. ice c.
snow d. land b. water 3. People cannot see the polar bear in the snow very well because ___ a.
it has a yellow-white coat c. it can run very fast d. it goes into the water b. it goes under the snow for food. 4.
The polar bear a. catches land animals c. catches sea animals and fish b.
looks for trees d. looks for fruit and vegetables 5. When the polar bear is afraid, it ___ a. goes into the sea c. runs away b. goes under the snow d. stands up on its wide feet 6.
The governments of Russia and the United States say that ___ a. the polar bear is beautiful c. no one can kill the polar bear b. the polar bear has a warm coat d. the polar bear cannot live near the North Pole Circle the number of the main idea of the text. 1. People like to kill polar bears because they have beautiful coats. 2. Polar bears live north of the
Arctic Circle in the snow and ice. 3. Polar bears live north of the Arctic Circle, eat fish and sea animals, and have warm, yellow-white coats. 14 -:. ---------------------� .'!.
• Unit 1: Animals The Hippopotamus lesson 4 Before You Read Look at the picture. Read the sentences. Check (ti) True, False, or Don't Know. True False Don't Know 1. The hippopotamus is big. D D D 2. It lives in the snow and ice. D D D 3. It has wings and a tail. D D D Lesson 4: The Hippopotamus .:, 15 --- 4 The Hippo otamus The hippopotamus, or
hippo, lives in the hot part of Africa. It is a mammal. That is, its babies are born alive, and they drink milk from the mother's body. The hippopotamus is a large animal. It weighs four tons. Its stomach is seven meters long, and it eats only plants. It is a mammal, but it spends a lot of time in the water. During the day, it sleeps beside a river or a lake.
Sometimes it wakes up. Then it goes under the water to get some plants for food. It can close its nose and stay under water for ten minutes. Its ears, eyes, and nose are high up on its head. It can stay with its body under the water and only its ears, eyes, and nose above the water. Then it can breathe the air.
At night, the hippo walks on the land and looks for food. It never goes very far from the water. A baby hippo often stands on its mother's back. The mother looks for food underwater. The baby rides on her back above the water. 16 ,'l. .. big at the side of over ������������ Unit 1: Animals [al Vocabulary Put the right word in each blank. The
sentences are from the text. stay lake alive stomach breathe above beside plants large mammal spends high 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
The hippopotamus is a ------- animal. During the day, it sleeps ______ a nver or a-----It is a------Its is seven meters long, and it eats only______ under water for ten minutes. It can close its nose and It can stay with its body under the water and only its ears, eyes, and nose ------- the water. 7. Then it can _______ the air. 8. It is a mammat but it ------- a lot of
time in the water. up on its head.
9. Its eyes, ears, and nose are [6l Vocabulary: New Context Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text. beside plants large lake stays above mammal breathe spend stomach nose high 1. The camel is a _______ , but the kiwi is a bird. 2. Food goes from your mouth into your------in 3. How do you smell a beautiful
flower?
You through your nose. 4. Hippos eat . Polar bears eat fish and sea animals. 5. I want to talk to you. Please sit me. 6. Tom likes to his free time in the Student Union. He ------- there a few hours every day.
7. Birds can fly the trees.
8. Geneva is a beautiful lake in Switzerland. 9. The polar bear is a ------- animal. It is very big. 10. New York City has a lot of buildings. Lesson 4: The Hippopotamus .:, 17 --- Vocabulary Review Put a circle ar�und the letter of the best answer. 1. Can you __ a polar bear? What does it look like? d.
store a. hurt b. describe c. catch 2. Many birds fly in the winter to a warmer place. a. north b. wing c. south d. wide in the summer to a cooler place.
3. These birds fly a. north b. wing c. south d. wide beautiful. 4.
Roses d. hurt a. swim C. smell b. catch bird. 5. The kiwi is a d.
wide c. hurt b. warm a. strange . I can't write. 6. My hand d. hurts b. catches a. flies C. smells Questions The asterisk(*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text. 1. *2. 3. 4. 5. 6. *7. 8. 9. *10. 18 Where does the hippopotamus live? Is a kiwi a mammal? How long is a hippo's stomach? Does a hippo eat meat? Why does a
hippo go under water? How can it stay under water for ten minutes? Can it breathe under water? Why?
What does it do at night? Where does a baby hippo ride? Is a bear a mammal? Comprehension: True/False/No Information Write T if the sentence is true.
Write F if it is false.
Write NI if there is no information about the sentence in the text. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Hippo babies are born alive.
Hippos eat plants.
Hippos live under water. A hippo can close its eyes. A hippo breathes under water. A hippo looks for food on the land during the day. A hippo has long eyelashes to keep water out of its eyes. Main Idea Circle the number of the main idea of the text. 1. The hippopotamus is a large African animal that spends a lot of time in the water and eats plants. 2.
The hippopotamus has its eyes, ears, and nose high up on its head. 3. The hippopotamus walks on the land at night, and it sleeps during the day. Lesson 4: The Hippopotamus � .:, 19 --- The Dolphin lesson 5 Before You Read Look at the picture. Read the sentences. Check (II) True, False, or Don't Know.
20 .� • True False Don't Know 1. Dolphins are mammals. D D D 2. Dolphins live in water. D D D 3. Dolphins can swim very well. D D D �������������������� Unit 1: Animals 5 The Dolphin ��������������������- Can dolphins talk? Maybe they can't talk with words, but they talk with sounds. They show their
feelings with sounds. Dolphins travel in a group. We call a group of fish a "school." They don't study, but they travel together. Dolphins are mammals, not fish, but they swim together in a school. Dolphins talk to the other dolphins in the school. They give information. They tell when they are happy or sad or afraid. They say "Welcome" when a dolphin
comes back to the school. They talk when they play. They make a few sounds above water. They make many more sounds under water. People cannot hear these sounds because the sounds are very, very high.
Scientists make tapes of the sounds and study them. Sometimes people catch dolphins for a large aquarium. (An aquarium is a zoo for fish.) People can watch the dolphins in a show. Dolphins don't like to be away from their school in an aquarium. They are sad and lonely. There are many stories about dolphins. They help people. Sometimes they save
somebody's life.
Dolphin meat is good, but people don't like to kill them. They say that dolphins bring good luck. Many people believe this. Lesson 5: The Dolphin three or more people or animals � .:, 21 --- Vocabulary -Put the right word in each blank. together luck dolphins lonely save show 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
8. 9. 10. The sentences are from the text. travel believe feelings group sounds scientists Dolphins _______ ma----- -Sometimes they _______ somebody's life. Can _______ talk? They are sad and·------ with sounds. They _______ their make tapes of their sounds and study them. this. Many people They don't study, but they travel _______ Maybe they can't talk
with words, but they talk with ______ They say dolphins bring good _______ Vocabulary: New Context Put the right word in each blank. lonely dolphin sounds believe travel show These are new sentences for the words in the text. save together scientists stories group feels 1. The is a mammal, but it lives in the sea. . They don't 2. Many students at a
large university feel have many friends. 3. Do you like to _______ to different countries? me your picture. 4.
Please 5. Children like to play in the snow. 6. There is a _______ of Omani students in our class. 7. Is it true? Do you _______ it?
8.
study animals and many other things. 9. She happy today because it's warm outside. your money. Don't spend it on a new car.
10.
You must 11. It is difficult to pronounce some English ------- 22 .'!. .. ---------------------Unit 1: Animals [cl Vocabulary Review Put each word in the correct group in the chart. Some words go in both groups.
feather eyelashes hump wmg tail beak nose arm leg stomach hand eyes Parts of an Animal's Body @) Parts of a Person's Bodv Questions The asterisk(*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text. 1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. *8. *9. Can dolphins talk? What is a school of dolphins? What do dolphins talk about? When do they say "Welcome"? Do they make more sounds above water or under water? Can people hear dolphin sounds? Why? How does a dolphin feel in an aquarium? Do dolphins bring good luck? Dolphins are not fish. What is the difference between
dolphins and fish? Lesson 5: The Dolphin ., � 23 --- eI ComQrehension: Multiple Choice Put a circle around the letter of the best answer. 1. Dolphins talk with ___ a. words b. their hands 2. Dolphins talk when they __ a. play b. listen 3. They make more sounds __ a. above water b. under water 4. Scientists study __ of dolphins.
b. schools a. shows 5. Dolphins like to be __ b. in their school a. at an aquarium 6. What sentence is not true? a. A dolphin can save a person's life. b. People like to watch dolphins. c.
Dolphins always bring good luck. d. A dolphin can talk with sounds. f c. sounds d. music c. show d. kill c. for tapes d. in school c.
aquariums d. tapes c. lonely d. on a tape Main Idea Circle the number of the main idea of the text. 1. 2. 3. 4. Dolphins use words to show how they feel and to give information. Dolphins travel together and talk with sounds. Dolphins live in the sea and in aquariums. The dolphin is a mammal, and scientists can tape it. 24 .'1.. - --------------------Unit 1:
Animals laJ Possessive Pronouns Possessive pronouns show that something belongs to somebody. Examples: My car is new.
Their hair is thick. Plural Singular we-our I-my you-your you-your they-their she-her he-his it-its Put the right pronoun in each blank. 1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6. 7. The camel stores food in _______ hump.
classes this year. Maria likes I use _______ dictionary every day. front legs like arms. Polar bears use cassette tapes with you? Do you have Scientists listen to _______ tapes. Carlos and his family swim in ------- pool every day. 8. David drives _______ car to class. 9. We go to the university on _______ bicycles. mother's back. 10. A baby hippo rides on Word
Study 25 [Ii] Verbs: Present Tense Put an s on the simple verb to make the present tense. Do not put an s on the simple verb if it goes with I, you, we, or they. a dolphin a girl a man she he it plays plays plays plays plays plays IC I Spelling I you we they play play play play 1. When a simple verb ends in y with a consonant before it, change the y to i and
add -es.
fly-:- flies study-studies 2. When a simple verb ends in y with a vowel before it, add -s. play-plays say - says 3. When a simple verb ends in s, ch, sh, x, or z, add -es. catch-catches finish-finishes 4.
Irregular verbs: have-has do-does be-am, is, are go-goes Change each sentence to make a new one. Use the word or words in parentheses. Sometimes you must change other words, too. Example: (I) They study every day. I study every day. 1.
(a polar bear) (they) 2. 3. (I) 4.
(people) 5. (we) 6. (a dolphin) 7. (they) 8.
(Tom) (a mammal) 9. (Ann and Bill) 10. 26 We catch fish and eat them. Mike usually flies home. Betty has a beautiful plant in her living room. David likes dolphin shows. They travel only in the summer. You play in the water. We go swimming in a lake in summer. I usually finish my work early. People are born alive. Ali does his homework in the
afternoon. Sometimes we compare two things. We tell how they are different. Add -er to short words (words with only one syllable) to compare two things. Use than with the word ending in -er. A camel is big. A polar bear is bigger than a camel. Carlos is 20 years old. David is 18. Carlos is older than David. Examples: Spelling: If a word has one
syllable with one vowel in the middle and one consonant at the endJ double the consonant when you add -er.
This is the one-one-one (1-1-1) rule. big - bigger Examples: hot - hotter Put the right comparison form in each sentence. (strange) (thick) (hot) (warm) (large) (tall) (fat) (young) (cold) (small) e 1. A kiwi is a bluebird. an 2. A Bactrian camel's hair is Arabian camel's hair. 3. Oman is Switzerland. 4. Italy is France. 5. Saudi Arabia is Kuwait.
6. Marie is Masako. 7. John is Robert. 8. My sister is my brother. 9. Ice is water. 10. A dolphin is a polar bear. f Writing Use real information to write your answers. 1. Which animal in Unit 1 is the most interesting to you? Why? 2. Describe an important animal in your country. 3. What can some animals do that people cannot do? Word Study -:. 27 .:, ---
(a: Before You Watch 1. What do you already know about dolphins? Write one fact. 2. What do you want to know about dolphins? Write a question. 3. Study the map. Then complete the sentence�. Honduras is between Guatemala and ________ The north coast of Honduras is on the ________ Sea. f6] As You Watch What mammals are in the video? camels
fish people polar bears 28 dolphins C After You Watch 1. Use the diagram below. Write the letters of facts that are only true for people in the left circle. Write the letters of facts that are only true for dolphins in the right circle. Write the letters of facts that are true for both dolphins and people in the middle. a. live in the sea e. have arms and legs b.
live on land f. eat fish c. can talk to each other g. swim together in schools d. are mammals h.
make sounds under water People b Dolphins f a 2.
What is the most interesting fact you learned from the video? Write it here, and then discuss it with your classmates. Video Highlights � .:, 29 --- [al Crossword Puzzle 4 3 1 2 7 8 6 9 Across 1. 2. 6. 9. Camels, humans, and dolphins are all _______ Both dolphins and humans have these. A large body of water This land mammal lives in the desert and has
a hump. Down 2. This helps a dolphin to swim. 3. Possessive form of I 4. Scientists study the _______ dolphins make under water. 7. A hippopotamus is not small; it's _______ 8. Same as #6 across 30 [61 Guess the Animal Do this activity with a partner. 1. Think of an animal from Lessons 1-5.Do not tell your partner. 2. Your partner asks three
questions.Each question must begin with "Does it ..." or "Is it ...." Examples: Is it a mammal? Does it live on land?
Is it white? 3. Answer your partner's questions with "Yes" or "No." Your partner tries to guess the name of the animal. Activity Page .::, 31 --- Finding Antonyms Antonyms are words that are opposite (or nearly opposite) in meaning. For example, the words large and small are antonyms. Not all words have an antonym. 1. A good dictionary gives
antonyms for many words. Read the dictionary definition below. What is an antonym for the word warm? warm adjective 1 having heat, but not hot: I like warm summer days. 2 friendly: Her friends love her for her warm smile.
See: hot. Antonym: cool. 2. Match each word in Column A with its antonym in Column B. Write the letter of the antonym to the right of the word in Column A. Use your dictionary to check your work. Column A high same long ___ big __ true ___ hot __ inside __ up ___ Column B a. outside b. down c. cold d. false e. low f. short g. small h.
different 3. Work with a partner. One person is Partner A, and the other is Partner B. Partner A reads a sentence aloud. Partner B repeats the sentence, using not with an antonym for the underlined word. Example: A: It's hot in the desert. B: It's not cold in the desert. a. That story is false. b. My car is small. c. His hair is short.
32 11.� �--------------------� .• Unit 1: Animals unit Sometimes you can understand the meaning of a new word from the other words in the sentence. Read each sentence below. Then choose the word or phrase that means the same as the word in bold (dark) type. Do not use your dictionary. The bold words are new in this unit. 1.
Some shoes stretch after you wear them for a while. a. get thicker c. get shorter d. weigh more b. get longer 2. Fish live in lakes, rivers, and oceans. They don't live on land. c. trees a. seas b. north d.
south 3. We often read about Queen Elizabeth II in the newspaper.
She is a very famous woman. a. many people like her c. many people know about her b. no one knows her d. many people believe her 4. It is easy to make a salad. Mix some lettuce, tomatoes, and cucumber. a. put together c. save b. eat d. store 5.
Indonesia, the Philippines, Senegal, and Cuba are in the tropics. a.
hot, dry parts of c. cold, wet parts of the the world world b. cold, dry parts of d. hot, wet parts of the world the world 6. I feel relaxed with my friends. I don't feel relaxed during a test. a. tired c. not nervous b. cold d.
thick 34 ? Unit 2: How? Why? 7. Walking and swimming are good exercise. Watching TV and driving a car are not good exercise. a. physical activity c. ways to get to work d .. ways to travel b. sounds 8. That plant is poisonous. Don't eat it. c. can kill a. smells bad d. is green b.
is cool 9. It is important to be alert when you drive a car. a. able to swim c. able to smell b. able to act quickly d. able to talk 10. Both Isamu and Kumiko are from Japan. They come from the city of Tokyo. a. the two of them c. the five of them b. not any d. all of them 11. Swimming is difficult for me. I can't do it for very long. c. not easy a. easy b. thick
d. cool 12. Mr. Baker is 75. He can't hear sounds very well. He is hearing impaired. a. can't see well c. can't hear well b. can't walk well d. can't run well 13. Tom can eat a whole pizza. I can eat only a few pieces. a. all of it c. some of it b. part of it d. one piece of it __________ ? Context Clues 35 Why Do We Yawn? lesson Before You Read Look at the
pictures. Read the sentences. Check (ti) True, False, or Don't Know. True False Don't Know D D D 2. It hurts when you yawn. D D D 3. Many kinds of animals yawn. D D D 1. You open your mouth when you yawn. 36 ? Unit 2: How? Why? 1 I Why Do We Yawn? Bears yawn. Camels yawn. Most mammals yawn. Why d� we yawn? No one really knows the
answer. We do know that everyone yawns in the same way. First you open your mouth slowly. Your mouth stays open for about five seconds. Then you quickly close your mouth. We also know that yawning is contagious, or catching. When you see someone yawn, you yawn, too. Many people say that they yawn because they are bored or tired. This
might be true. However, we know that people also yawn when they are excited or nervous. Olympic runners, for example, often yawn before a race. Why is that? Some scientists believe that yawning makes you more alert. When you yawn, you breathe more deeply. You also stretch the muscles in your face and neck. Maybe this makes you feel more
alert. Scientists don't spend much time studying yawning. That is probably because yawning doesn't hurt. It is just something we do. fast not interested maybe is but ?• __________ Lesson 1: Why Do We Yawn? 37 � Vocabulary Put the right word in· each blank. The sentences are from the text. alert bored contagious deep1y excited however muscles
quickly race might stretch yawn 1. -------, we know that people also yawn when they are _______ or nervous. 2. We also know that yawning is-------, or catching.
3.
Some scientists believe that yawning makes you more 4. Many people say they yawn because they are ______ or tired. 5. Olympic runners, for example, often yawn before a ____ 6. You also the _______ in your face and neck. close your mouth.
7. Then you 8. When you yawn, you breathe more _______ be true.
9. This 10. Bears _______ [iij Vocabulary: New Context Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for the words in the text.
alert boring contagious 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7.
38 deep excited however muscles quickly race might stretch yawn Soccer players have strong leg because they run a lot. I go to the party, but I'm not sure. Headaches are not _______ Airplane pilots need to be _______ on the job. A kiwi is a bird.-------, it doesn't have wings. Children can't sleep when they are _______ He doesn't like to swim in _______
water. ? Unit 2: How?
Why? 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Swimmers are tired after a long------Do you breathe when you are afraid? ? Do you cover your mouth when you in the morning. It's good for your muscles. You should He thinks traveling is-------, but I think it's exciting. fij Vocabulary Review irLanguage.com Find an antonym (a word that is opposite in meaning) in Column B for
each word in Column A. Write the letter and word from Column B beside the word in Column A. The first one is done for you. Column A 1.
2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8.
9. 10. slowly large same above open bored before cool no one true f quickly Column B a.
close b. c. d. e.
f. g. h. i. J· interested everyone false after quickly different below small warm Questions The asterisk(*) means you have to think of the answer.
You cannot find it in the text. 1. How do people yawn? 2.
What happens to your muscles when you yawn? 3. What usually happens when you see someone yawn? 4. How long does a yawn last? *5. Why do Olympic runners yawn before a race? *6. What other things are contagious? ________ ? Lesson 1: Why Do We Yawn? 39 � Comprehension: True/False Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if it is false. __ 1.
__ 2. __ 3. __ 4.
___ *5. __ 6. __ 7. __ 8. [fl Many different kinds of mammals yawn. People only yawn when they are bored. When you yawn, your breathing changes. You can't yawn when you are excited. Some people yawn quickly, and some people yawn very slowly. Scientists don't know why people yawn. Runners never yawn before a race. You stretch your neck
muscles when you yawn. Main Idea Circle the number of the main idea of the text. 1. Many kinds of animals yawn, but we don't know why. 2.
Scientists want to know why yawning is contagious. 3. All animals yawn in the same way. 40 ? Unit 2: How? Why? Why Do People Laugh? lesson 2 Before You Read Look at the picture. Read the sentences. Check (el) True, False, or Don't Know. True False Don't Know D D D 2. Laughing makes you more alert. D D D 3. It hurts when you laugh. D D D 1.
When you laugh, you stretch the muscles in your face. ? __________ Lesson 2: Why Do People Laugh? 41 2 Why Do People Laugh? Do you laugh every day?
Most people do. Scientists say that people laugh about 17 times a day. That is a lot of laughter. In India, there are hundreds of laughter clubs. The people in these clubs get together every morning. First they stretch their hands above their heads. Then they pretend to laugh. Soon everyone is laughing naturally. People say they feel good after laughing
together. Scientists believe that laughter is good for you. Why? For one thing, laughter is good exercise. When you laugh, you exercise many muscles in your body. Scientists say that one hundred laughs equals ten minutes of running.
When you laugh, you also breathe deeply. This helps you relax. That's good for you, too. Why do we laugh? That is a hard question to answer.
We know that people laugh more often in a group.
They don't laugh very often when they are alone. Many scientists believe that we use laughter to connect to other people.
Laughter helps us feel part of a group. In English, people say that laughter is the best medicine.
Some think that laughter helps sick people get well. Do you think so, too? 42 ?• in a short time is the same as not easy not sick Unit 2: How?
Why? Vocabulary Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text. clubs connect equals exercise hard laugh medicine naturally pretend relax well soon 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. When you laugh, you also breathe deeply. This helps you _____ That is a question to answer.
For one thing, laughter is good _______ In India, there are hundreds of laughter _______ In English, people say that laughter is the best _______ Do you every day?
Laughter helps sick people get------Many scientists believe that we use laughter to _______ to other people. 9. First they stretch their hands above their heads. Then they ------- to laugh.
10. everyone is laughing------11. Scientists say that one hundred laughs _______ ten minutes of running. � Vocabulary: New Context Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text. clubs connect equals 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. exercise hard laugh medicine natural pretend relax well soon In the movies, actors ------- to be someone
else. before a test. It's hard to fifteen. Five plus ten You need to a telephone before you can use it. Playing soccer, walking, and bicycling are types of _______ You should go to a doctor when you don't feel------- __________ ? Lesson 2: Why Do People Laugh? 43 7. 8. 9. 10.
11. 12. It's _____ __ to laugh when you hear something funny. You can buy in a drugstore or pharmacy. Many high school students belong to school ------I think science is easy, but my brother thinks it is ------I like her stories because they make me _______ The bus should be here -------· It's never late. 00 Vocabulary Review Put a circle around the letter of
the best answer. 1. Most birds have . Only the kiwi doesn't. c. wings a. beaks b. feet d. muscles 2. Laughing and yawning make you feel __ a. tired c. bored b. alert d. sick 3. When you breathe deeply, you pull in your __ a. leg c. stomach b. arm d. feet 4. In the evening, it gets __ in the desert. c. cold a. cool b. hot d. icy 5. It's hard to relax when you are
__ c. happy a. bored d. afraid b. tired 6. It's good to ___ before and after you exercise. a. fly c. sleep b. stretch d. swim d Questions The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text. 1. 2. 3. 4. 44 How many times a day do people laugh? At a laughter club, what do people do first? Why is laughter good for you? What
happens to your muscles when you laugh? ?
Unit 2: How? Why? 5. What happens to your breathing when you laugh? *6. Why do scientists think that laughter helps us connect to other people? *7. What kind of things make people laugh? e Comprehension: True/False/No Information Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if it is false. Write NI if there is no information about the sentence in the
text. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
There are laughter clubs in many countries.
Laughter is a kind of exercise. You need to stretch before you laugh. People laugh more often when they are alone. All mammals laugh.
Laughter clubs help people feel good. Laughter might help us connect to other people. m Main Idea Circle the number of the main idea of the text. 1. Laughter helps you relax. 2.
Laughter is good for you. 3. People laugh every day. __________ ? Lesson 2: Why Do People Laugh? 45 Why Is the Sea Salty? lesson 3 Before You Read Look at the picture. Read the sentences. Check (II) True, False, or Don't Know. 46 True False Don't Know 1. A lake is different from a sea.
D D D 2. Most water is salty. D D D 3. There is a lot of water in the world. D D D ? Unit 2: How? Why? o 3 Why Is the Sea Salty?
There is a lot of salt on the Earth, and it mixes very well with water. There is some salt in all water. Water on the land runs into lakes and rivers. The water from most lakes goes into rivers. These rivers run into the seas and oceans. They carry a little salt with them.
Some of the ocean water moves into the air and clouds. It evaporates. Salt cannot evaporate. It stay s in the ocean. The water in the oceans has more salt than the water in rivers. Ocean water is about 31/i% (three and a half percent) salt. Some seas have more salt than others. Some lakes do not have a river to carry the water and salt away. Some of
the water evaporates, but the salt cannot. These lakes are very salty. There are two famous lakes like this. They are the Dead Sea in the Middle East and the Great Salt Lake in the state of Utah in the United States. They are much saltier than the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. world seas ___________ ? • Lesson 3: Why Is the Sea Salty? o 47 [al
Vocabulary Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text. evaporates oceans salt moves Earth carry clouds mixes percent famous 1. Ocean water is about three and a half _______ salt.
2. There is a lot of _______ on the _______ , and it ------- very well with water.
3. They _______ a little salt with them. lakes like this. 4. There are two 5.
These rivers run into the seas and------6. Some of the ocean water ______ into the air and ______ 7. It _______ [6J Vocabulary: New Context Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text.
ocean carry moves evaporates rrux famous salt percent Earth clouds 1. Two of the students always _______ the chairs into our room.
2. The is round. It around the sun. 3. Many people put ------- on their food. boxer. 4.
Muhammad Ali was a 5. Some people put sugar in their coffee. Then they _______ it with a spoon. 6.
Some of the water in a swimming pool _______ is bigger than the Atlantic Ocean. 7. The Pacific in the sky today. 8. There are beautiful white 9. Eighty of the students are men. 48 ? Unit 2: How? Why? [cl Vocabulary Review Underline the word that does not belong with the other two. Example: red, book, blue 1. zoo, aquarium, university 2. lake, snow,
ice 3. yawn, laugh, fly 4. together, modem, new 5. 6. 7.
8. polar bear, dolphin, ocean hour, travel, fly cool, warm, thick scientist, teacher, salty Id) Questions The asterisk(*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text. 1. What does salt rnix well with? 2. Is there salt in lakes and rivers? 3. Where does river water go? 4. Where does some of the ocean water go? 5.
Where does the salt in the ocean go? 6. Does river water or ocean water have more salt? 7. Why are some lakes very salty? 8. Name two famous salty lakes.
9. What is Utah? Where is it? 10. Which is saltier, the Atlantic Ocean or the Dead Sea?
*11. Are there fish in the Dead Sea? __________ ? Lesson 3: Why Is the Sea Salty? 49 Comprehension: True/False Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false. The asterisk(*) means you have to·think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text. 1.
*2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Salt mixes with water.
Clouds have salt in them. Water on the land moves into lakes and rivers. There is salt in rivers. Rivers have more salt than oceans.
Salt evaporates. Ocean water is about 21//lo salt. The Great Salt Lake is in the United States. !JI Main Idea Circle the number of the main idea of the text. 1. The sea is salty because water evaporates and salt doesn't. 2. The sea is salty because rivers run into oceans. 3. Water moves from the land to rivers to oceans to clouds and to the land again. 50 ?
Unit 2: How? Why? How Can a Plant Kill? lesson 4 Before You Read Look at the picture. Read the sentences. Check (11) True, False, or Don't Know. True False Don't Know 1. Plants need water. D D D 2. People use plants for medicine. D D D 3. Some plants can kill. D D D __________ ? Lesson 4: Ho Can a Plant Kill? 51 4 How Can a Plant Kill? People
kill. Animals kill. Animals and people kill for food, or they kill their enemies. People and animals can move aroW1d and find something to kill. They can run away from an enemy. They can kill it if it is necessary. Many kinds of animals eat plants. The plants cannot run away from their enemies. Some plants are poisonous. If an animal eats part of the
plant, it gets sick or dies. Animals learn to stay away from these plants. There are many kinds of plants that make poison. Most of them grow in the desert or in the tropics. Farmers use many kinds of poison on their farms. Most of these poisons come from petroleum, but petroleum is expensive. Scientists collect poisonous plants and study them.
Maybe farmers can use cheap poison from plants instead of expensive poison from petroleum. 52 ?• not friends hot, wet parts of the world costs a lot not expensive Unit 2: How? Why? a Vocabulary Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
expensive enemies kinds tropics if farmers poisonous grow collect instead of cheap farms 1. Many of animals eat plants. 2. Animals and people kill for food, or they kill their ------3. use many kinds of poison on their ------4. Scientists poisonous plants and study them. 5. Some plants are _______ 6. Maybe farmers can use _______ poison from plants _______
expensive poison from petroleum.
7. Most of them in the desert or in the _______ it is necessary. 8.
They can kill it 9. Most of these poisons come from petroleum, but petroleum IS------- [6j Vocabulary: New Context Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text. expensive cheap instead of tropics farm farmers 1. David's parents have a big 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. collect kind poisonous grow if enemy . They are A Mercedes
Benz is an car. Please come to the Student Union at 12:00 ------- you can. Malaysia, Togo, and Nigeria are in the _______ in the book. Please write the answers on a piece of paper all the students' papers. Ali, please Some things we use in the garden are . We must keep these things away from children. __________ ? Lesson 4: How Can a Plant Kill?
53 8. People are the only _______ of polar bears. of car do you have? 9. What 10.
clothes are not usually very good.
11. Children very fast. They need new clothes every few months. [Fl Vocabulary Review Put the right word in each blank. believe group scientists describe together show size save hard lonely cooler bored during store 1. Can you _______ an aquarium? Tell me about one. 2. Some teach at universities, and some work in laboratories. time. 3. Don't walk
to class every day. Buy a bicycle. You can you.
It isn't true. 4. I don't . She wants to see her friends and family. 5. Keiko is 6. Sam is . He doesn't have anything to do. 7. Maria and Tony usually study _______ 8.
It is under a tree than in the sun. 9. A camel is about the same as a large horse. 10. It's to learn a new language. Questions The asterisk(*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. *6. 7. 8. Why do people and animals kill? Can plants run away from an enemy? What happens to an animal that eats a poisonous
plant? What do animals learn about these plants? Where do most poisonous plants grow? Why do farmers use poison on their farms? Where do most poisons come from? Why do scientists collect and study poisonous plants? _54_ ? Unit 2: How? Why? e Comprehension: Multiple Choice Put a circle around the letter of the best answer. 1.
Animals and people kill their __ c. plants a. poisons b. enemies d. farmers 2. cannot move around. c.
Farmers a. Plants d. Scientists b.
Animals 3. An animal if it eats a poisonous plant. c. moves around a. gets sick or dies b. runs away d. studies the poison 4. Most poisonous plants grow in the desert or in the ___ c. Arctic Circle a. farms d. laboratories b. tropics 5.
use many kinds of poisons. c. Farmers a.
Scientists d. Animals b. Workers 6. Most of these poisons come from ___ c. petroleum a. plants d. the tropics b. deserts 7. Scientists ___ poisonous plants. a. use c. buy d. collect b.
run away from 8. Poison from plants is ___ than poison from petroleum. a. cheaper c. more expensive b. more afraid d. cooler f Main Idea Circle tile number of the main idea of the text.
1. Some plants make poisons, and maybe farmers can use them. 2. Plants make poison because they cannot run away from their enemies. 3. Scientists study poisonous plants because farmers want to use them. Lesson 4: How Can a Plant Kill? ?• 55 How Do Many Hearing​ Impaired People Talk? lesson 5 C B A D E F ,' I G K H M N D T u p w 'f Q \Y' V w
z y Before You Read Look at the picture. Read the sentences. Check (II) True, False, or Don't Know.
1. You can spell a word with your hands.
r,J 2. The signs mean "yes" in American Sign Language (ASL). 3. ASL is the only sign language in the world.
_56_? • L True False Don't Know D D D D D D D D D Unit 2: How? Why? R X 5 How Do Many Hearing-Impaired People Talk? Hearing-impaired people cannot hear sounds well. How do they "hear" words? Many hearing-impaired people use sign language. They talk with their hands. Two hearing-impaired people can talk to each other. They both use
sign language. Sometimes a person who can hear interprets for hearing-impaired people. The person listens to someone talking, and then he or she makes hand signs. There are two kinds of hand signs. Some hand signs are for whole words. For example, there is one hand sign for the word love. There are hand signs for different actions, things, and
ideas. Some of the signs are very easy, for example, the signs for eat, milk, and house. You can see what they mean. Others are more difficult, for example, the signs for star, egg, and week. The second kind of hand sign is fingerspelling. In fingerspelling, there is a sign for every letter in the alphabet. For example, to fingerspell the word love, a person
makes four different signs. It is much slower to fingerspell, but it is useful for signing names and technical words. People can use both kinds of hand signs together. Each country has its own sign language. For example, American Sign Language (ASL) is very different from British Sign Language. Using sign language is almost like a dance. The whole
body talks. Sign languages are beautiful. two of them all of it dance Lesson 5: How Do Many Hearing-Impaired Talk? aI Vocabulary Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text. ideas each other hearing-impaired example whole difficult interprets sign star both dance 1. Two hearing-impaired people can talk to _______ words. 2.
Some hand signs are for 3. people cannot hear sounds well. 4. Sometimes a person who can hear for hearingimpaired people. language. 5. Many hearing-impaired people use 6. Others are more , for example, the signs for -------, egg, and week. 7. They _______ use sign language. 8. There are hand signs for different actions, things, and _______ 9. A sign
language is almost like a _______ � Vocabulary: New Context Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text. idea each other hearing-impaired 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6.
7. 8. example whole difficult interprets sign stars both dance Mary cannot hear very well. She is _______ Ali works for the government. He Arabic and English. on the wall says "No Smoking." A large Masako and Carlos speak English to _______ Nadia and David _______ study engineering. in the sky during the daytime. You cannot see the language. It's
not easy.
Japanese is a The class is here today. No one stayed at home. 58 ? Unit 2: How? Why? 9. There is a for students on Saturday. 10. The class wants to have a party. It's a good _______ [cl Vocabulary Review Put the right word in each blank. evaporates kind poisonous 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. enemies clouds if cheaper instead of tropics There are a lot of
_______ in the sky today. Mahatma Gandhi is a very person. The weather is hot and wet in the _______ Please tell me ------- I talk too fast. What of bicycle do you have? Water into the air. than a car. A bicycle is Are apartments cheap or ------- in your city? Some kinds of plants and snakes are _______ My friend has a big ------- of stamps. famous expensive
collection fdl Questions The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text. 1. 2. *3. 4.
5. 6. 7.
*8. How do many hearing-impaired people talk? How does a person interpret for hearing-impaired people? How many signs are used for fingerspelling in English? Why are some word signs easy?
When do people use fingerspelling? Is American Sign Language the same as British Sign Language? Why is using sign language almost like dancing? Why are sign languages beautiful? __________ ? Lesson 5: How Do Many Hearing-Impaired Talk? 59 e Comprehension: True/False/No Information if Write T the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is
false. Write NI if there is no information about the sentence in the text. __ __ __ __ __ ___ f 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Hearing-impaired people cannot hear sounds well. A person who interprets for hearing-impaired people cannot hear. There are more signs for whole words than for letters. Japanese Sign Language is the same as American Sign Language. Fingerspelling is useful for names and technical words. It is difficult for children to learn sign language. Main
Idea Circle the number of the main idea of the text. 1. Sign language helps hearing-impaired people talk, but it is difficult to learn. 2. There are two kinds of sign language. 3. A sign language is a beautiful language that helps hearing-impaired people talk to others. 60 ? Unit 2: How? Why? a Forming Questions: Present Tense The verb be: Put a form of
the verb be before the subject.
Example: subject verb Petroleum 1s Is petroleum expensive. expensive?
Other verbs: Put do or does at the beginning of the sentence. Use the simple verb.
Examples: subject Do verb I I laugh laugh subject verb every day. every day? A worker moves the fish. Does a worker move the fish? Change each sentence to a question. 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. A large house is expensive. Bill does his homework in the afternoon. Rivers run toward the ocean. Many people drink coffee. Mary is a good tennis player. Kiwis are strange birds.
I am late. The test is difficult. She dances well. They exercise every day. ___________ ? Word Study 61 f6J There ls/There Are Use there is before a singular noun. Then use it for the singular noun. Example: There is a lake nearby. It is very large.
Use there are before a plural noun. Then use they for the plural noun. Example: in schools. There are many dolphins in the ocean. They travel Look at the noun after the blank. Then write there is or there are in the first blank. Write it or they in the second blank. 1. ______ a kiwi in the zoo. ______ sleeps during the day. 2. ______ a chair beside the
window. ______ is blue. 3. ______ wonderful mountains in India. ------ are in the north.
4. many muscles in your face. ______ help you laugh. a large farm near here. ______ 5.
grows fruit trees. � -er = A Person Example: Mr. Brown is a teacher. He teaches English. Add -er to each word. Then put the new words in the blanks. Use the plural if necessary. play interpret farm box listen smg 1. Keiko is an _______ . She speaks both Japanese and English. 2. Mr. and Mrs.
Clark are -------· They have a large cotton farm. 62 ? work speak Unit 2: How? Why? 3. Sarah Green is a famous _______ . She sings in Europe and North America. 4. In the morning class, five students speak Arabic. In the afternoon class, there are seven Arabic ------. He talks all the time 5. Bill is not a good and doesn't listen. 6. Abdullah is a very good
soccer _______ @I Compound Words A compound word is two words put together to make one word.
The meaning is like the meanings of the two words. Example: sun + light = sunlight (light from the sun) Put the right words in the blanks. summertime sunlight seafood underline daytime stoplight yellowtail bedroom 1. Gina likes fish and other------2. Read each sentence. Put a circle around the subject. _______ the verb. 3. Most people work during the
_______ . Some work at night. 4. Be careful when you drive. If the _______ is red, you must stop. 5. People eat in the dining room. They sleep in the _____ [e"j Writing Use real information to write your answers. 1. Which lesson in Unit 2 is the most interesting to you? Why? 2. What information in Unit 2 is new for you? 3.
Think of something you know about. Write a "How" or a "Why" question about it. Then answer the question. __________ ? Word Study 63 aI Before You Watch Q: How old is she? A: I think she's about 60. 1.
Look at the woman in this picture. What do you want to know about her? Write three questions. Practice asking and answering with a partner. 2. The video you are going to watch is about a new idea. The word for this idea is ecotourism. This word has two parts: eco - the natural world tourism - traveling for pleasure What do you think ecotourism
means? Discuss your idea with your classmates. ti] As You Watch Which of these sentences about Silveria de Souza are true? She has eight children. ___ She is a tour guide. 64 ? o __ She sells things to .tourists.
She is a farmer. Unit 2: How? Why? C After You Watch 1. Read about the rain forest in Brazil. Atlaritic Ocean BRAZIL o..,,.,..,,.,,e,. ...,,. irLanguage.com About ten million people live in the warm Amazon rain forest. Many of them clear parts of the forest for farms. This is called "deforestation." The Brazilian farmers cut the forest down so that they can
grow crops and feed their families. Ten percent of the famous Amazon rain forest is gone now. Ecotourism is a modem idea that tries to protect the rain forest. Tourists travel from all over the world. They come to enjoy the forest and learn about nature. A tour guide leads a group through the forest. They stay at hotels in the villages and buy local
crafts. Ecotourism brings jobs and money to the people who live in the Amazon forest. They do not have to destroy the rain forest just to make a living. 2. Write two questions about the rain forest in Brazil.
Begin your questions with "Why" and "How." Discuss your questions with your classmates. a. Why b. How ---- - ---? Video Highlights • 65 [al Word Search The 12 words in the Word Search List are in the grid below. The words may be in a row or in a column.
They may be backwards. Find and circle each word. evaporate relax mix laugh enemy alert well poison sign exercise kind medicine M I X s p L L p K E V A p 0 R A T E D s L N I E u B N I R E 0 s I G N E C E R u 0 R H A M I L T L N 0 D H y N A G E G K E w Q E X E R C I S J T D T T N I N T E L p B M X F D Y L U � Action! Do this with a small group of
people. One person acts out a verb from the list below. The person to guess the correct verb wins and gets to act out another action word. carry yawn exercise swim dance relax fly catch swim ffilX connect breathe Think of some more words to act out on your own. 66 ? Unit 2: How?
Why? Learning Word Forms 1.
A dictionary tells you the form of a word (for example, noun, verb, adjective, or adverb). Read the dictionary definitions below. What is the noun form of the verb relax? _____ relax I r�·1�ks/verb relaxes 1 to stop work and enjoy oneself: She relaxes by riding her bicycle. 2 to stop being nervous, tense, angry, etc.: Why don't you stop being angry and
relax for a while! relaxation I ,ril�k'seIJ�n /noun (no plural) a process of relaxing, such as freeing the mind of worry: For relaxation, he plays golf on the weekends. 2. What is the verb form of each noun below? Make a guess. Then check your guesses by looking in your dictionary. Noun Verb relaxation relax description belief weight excitement
evaporation interpretation ? ___________ • Dictionary Page 67 3. Choose the correct word in parentheses to complete each sentence. Example: It's important to have some time for relaxation (relaxation I relax) a.
What causes _______ ? (boredom I bore) b. What do farmers use to _______ the land? (fertilizer I fertilize) c. What is the between exercise and yawning? (connection I connect) ? (growth I d. What do plants need to grow) e. Is _______ good for you?
(laughter I laugh) 68 ? Unit 2: How? Why? unit For each sentence, choose the word or phrase that means the same as lhe word in bold type.
Do not use your dictionary. The bold words are new in this unit. 1. Paul was born 25 years ago. He is 25 years old. a. again c. before now b.
after today d. leave 2. We don't need these papers any more. Let's bum them. a.
put them in a fire c. keep them d. store them b. read them 3. You can see beautiful pictures at an art museum. You can see interesting things about science at a science museum. Many museums belong to the government. a. a building with beautiful or interesting things to look at b. a store that sells paintings and other beautiful things c. an aquarium
or zoo d. a place where scientists work 4. Arm studied very hard for the test today:She is a good student. She will probably get a good grade. a. maybe c. 50 percent sure b. cannot d. almost 100 percent sure 5. You cannot drink most river water. If you drink it, you may get a disease. a.
fish c. sea animal b. sickness d. thirsty 6. Cotton is an important crop in Egypt. Vegetables are an important crop in parts of Mexico. Coffee is an important crop in Brazil. a. plants that farmers grow b. plants near a house c. something a country buys from another country d. food that a farmer grows _ 0 7 ' Unit 3: Plants 7. The soil near the Nile River
is very rich. There are many farms there, and the plants grow very well. a.
good clean water c. sunshine d. fruit and b. dirt or land vegetables 8. It is around 25 ° C (25 degrees Celsius) today. a. hot c. in a circle d. about b.
cold 9. Many Brazilian farmers raise coffee on their farms.
a. grow c. pick up b. find d. kill 10. If you want to protect your head, you should wear a hard hat. a. keep happy c. keep safe d. make alert b. make afraid Context Clues 71 lesson 1 The Date Palm Before You Read Look at the picture. Read the sentences. Check (ti) True, False, or Don't Know.
1. The date palm is tall. 2. Most date palms grow in cold places. 3. The fruit of the date palm is poisonous.
72 True False Don't Know D D D D D D D D D Unit 3: Plants 1 The Date Palm The date palm is a wonderful tree. People eat dates. They feed them to their animals.
They use the leaves and the wood to build houses.
They use the wood to build boats.
They make baskets from the leaves. They bum the other parts of the tree to cook their food. The date palm came from the Middle East. Seven thousand (7,000) years ago, people in Syria and Egypt ate dates. They made pictures of date palms on their stone buildings.
Today date palms grow in the Middle East, parts of Asia and Africa, southern Europe, and other warm parts of the world. There are more than 2,700 kinds of palm trees.
Most of them cannot grow in the Middle East because it is too dry. The date palm grows there very well.
Hundreds of years ago, people in southern Europe and some Arab countries made pictures of palm trees and palm flowers on some of their buildings. Today we can see these pictures in art museums. People think that the palm tree is beautiful. People thought the same thing a long time ago. Lesson 1: The Date Palm give food to before now adjective
form of south .
·. Q basket 73 (al Vocabulary Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text. burn leaves ago date palm grow wonderful southern feed baskets wood art museums stone 1. Today we can see these pictures in _______ 2. They use the and the to build houses. 3. Today date palms grow in the Middle East, parts of Asia and Africa, _______
Europe, and other warm parts of the world. 1s a tree. 4. The 5. They the other parts of the tree to cook their food. 6. Seven thousand years , people in Syria and Egypt ate dates. from the leaves. 7. They make buildings. 8. They made pictures of date palms on their them to their animals. 9. They [6] Vocabulary: New Context Put the right word in each
blank.
These are new sentences for words in the text. leaves burn museum basket stone dates Some trees have very large green _______ part of South America. Argentina is in the Marie started to study English five years------Stone cannot _______ . Wood can. People burn when they make a fire. A science is a very interesting place.
There is a of fruit on the table. in her shoe. It hurts her foot. Pam has a small One kind of tree gives oil. People make soap from it. and keep them for a long time. People dry He has a house. It's beautiful. the camels several times a day.
They southern wonderful feed 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. _ 4 7 ' palm wood ago Unit 3: Plants [cl Vocabulary Review Put the right word in each blank. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. both stars hearing-impaired each other sign weigh interpreter stomach difficult feeling dance believe whole heat An _______ speaks two languages. Do you that
there are farms in the sea? out tonight. The sky is beautiful. There are a lot of Do you think it is to grow date palms? How tall are you, and how much do you _______ ?
but not the cold. Palm trees like the says "Please use other door." The Love is not a thing. It is a _______ The students usually talk to _______ between classes. Bill cleaned his _______ apartment on Saturday. The hippo has a very long _______ Do you like to _______ ? � Questions The asterisk(*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in
the text. 1. *2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. *8. How do people use the palm tree? What is the name of the fruit of the palm tree? Where did the date palm come from? When did Syrians and Egyptians start to eat dates? How many kinds of palm trees are there? Why can't most of them grow in the Middle East? Where can we see beautiful old pictures of palm trees?
Why did Syrians and Egyptians make pictures of palm trees? *9. Why do date palms grow in the Middle East? Lesson 1: The Date Palm 75 (el Comprehension: Multiple Choice Put a circle around the letter of the best answer.
1. People make boats from the __ of palm trees. c. dates a. leaves b. wood d.
flowers 2. They make baskets from the __ a. leaves b. wood c. dates d. flowers 3. They __ part of the tree to make a fire. a. enJoy c. burn b. dance d. grow 4. The date palm came from __ a. California b. Africa c. southern Europe d. the Middle East 5. People started to eat dates about __ years ago. a. a few hundred c. 5,000 d. 7,000 b. 100 6. Date palms
grow __ a. in the land of the polar bear b. in hot or warm places c. where kiwis live d. in cool places 7. There are more than __ kinds of palm trees. a. a few hundred c. 2,000 d. 7,000 b. 100 palm tree.
8. People use a.
the whole b. the leaves and wood of the [!J c. almost all of the d. the fruit and leaves of the Main Idea Circle the number of the main idea of the text. 1. The date palm grows in the Middle East. 2. The date palm is beautiful, and people use all of it. 3. People made pictures of the date palm, and these pictures are in art museums now. 67 _ ' Unit 3: Plants
The Water Hyacinth lesson Before You Read Look at the picture. Read the sentences. Check (II) True, False, or Don't Know. True False Don't Know 1. A water hyacinth is a kind of plant. D D D · 2. The water hyacinth grows in water. D D D 3. The water hyacinth is poisonous. D D D Lesson 2: The Water Hyacinth 77 2 The Water H acinth The water
hyacinth grows in tropical countries. It has beautiful purple-blue flowers, but everybody hates . It. Wh? y. Millions and millions of these plants grow in rivers and lakes.
Sometimes the plants become so thick that people can walk on them. People cannot travel in boats on the water, and they cannot fish in it. The plants stop the water from moving.
Then the water carries diseases. Farmers cannot use the water on their land.
Now scientists think that water hyacinths can be useful. The plants are really a free crop. No one has to take care of them. They just grow and grow and grow. What can farmers use them for? Some fish like to eat them.
Farmers can grow these fish in the lakes and rivers. Workers can collect and cut the plants with machines. Then they can make fertilizer to make their crops grow better. They can also make feed for their farm animals. Maybe it will be possible to make methane gas (CH4) for energy. (We burn gas from petroleum for energy. Methane gas can be made
from plants.) Then poor tropical countries will not have to buy so much expensive petroleum. Maybe in the future people will love the water hyacinth instead of hating it. 78 opposite of loves sicknesses plants a farmer grows �machines � Unit 3: Plants (al Vocabulary Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text. so become better
machines diseases just energy crop fertilizer hates grows thick 1. Workers can collect and cut the plants with _______ 2.
Then they can make _______ to make their crops grow 3. Maybe it will be possible to make methane gas (CH4) for ______ 4. It has beautiful purple-blue flowers, but everybody _______ it. 5. The plants are really a free _______ 6.
Sometimes the plants thick that people can walk on them.
7. They grow and grow and grow. 8. Then the water carries _______ [6j Vocabulary: New Context Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text. just better machines hate feed crop become fertilizer so disease lakes energy in Asia. Rice is an important . He died. Tom became very sick with a strange than a grade of
60%. A grade of 90% is I am _______ tired that I can't study. a bab y. She cannot walk. Patty is Farm make the work easier. 7.
Many farmers in China make their own _______ 8. Some students to study. They just want to have a good time. 9. Mary wants to _______ an engineer. 1.
2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 10. We use gas and oil for _______ Lesson 2: The Water Hyacinth 79 fc] Vocabulary Review Match each word in Column A with the word, phrase, or symbol from Column B that means the same. Write the letter on the linefollowing the word in Column A. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
10. Column A also ___ difficult __ wonderful ___ both __ famous __ kinds __ hearing-impaired ___ expensive ___ percent __ group __ di Column B a. two b. not able to hear well c. not cheap d. hard e. % f. very good g. too h. well known i. types j. several Questions The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. Your cannot find it in the text. 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. *6. Where does the water hyacinth grow? Why do people hate this plant? Give three reasons. Water hyacinths are a free crop. What does this mean? How can people use water hyacinths? Tell four ways. What is the difference between methane gas and other gas? Cheap energy is very important for poor countries. Why? e Comprehension:
True/False Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false. The asterisk(*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text. ___ ___ __ ___ 1. 2. 3. 4. Water hyacinths grow very thick on some tropical lakes and rivers.
Sometimes the water under the plants cannot move. Water hyacinths help make water clean. Maybe farmers can use water hyacinths. s_ o' Unit 3: Plants *5. 6. 7. *8. [fl Water hyacinths grow in parts of Asia and Africa. Some kinds of fish like to eat water hyacinths. Water hyacinths can be used to make petroleum. These plants can bring farmers more
money. Main Idea Match the details with the main ideas. Write the letter of each detail under the correct main idea. The first one has been done for you. Two of the details do not belong under a main idea. Main Ideas 1. People hate water hyacinths. 2. Water hyacinths can be useful. a a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. Details Some fish like to eat them.
The plants stop the water from moving. People cannot travel on the water.
People can make fertilizer out of them. Maybe people can make methane gas. They have beautiful flowers. People can feed them to animals. We burn gas from petroleum for energy. People cannot fish. The water carries diseases. Lesson 2: The Water Hyacinth 81 Rice lesson Before You Read Look at the pictures. Read the sentences. Check (II) True,
False, or Don't Know. True False Don't Know 1. Rice grows in many countries. D D D 2. Rice is an expensive food. D D D 3. Rice needs water to grow. D D D _82_, Unit 3: Plants 3 Rice People all over the world eat rice. Millions of people in Asia, Africa, and South America eat it every day of their lives. Some people eat almost nothing but rice. Rice is a
kind of grass. There are more than 7,000 kinds of rice. Farmers grow rice in many countries, even in the southern part of the United States and in eastern Australia. No one really knows where rice came from. Some scientists think that it started to grow in two places. They think that one kind of rice grew in southern Asia thousands of years ago.
Someone in China wrote about it almost 5,000 years ago. Another kind probably grew in West Africa. Other scientists think that rice came from India, and Indian travelers took it to other parts of the world. There are two main ways to grow rice. Upland rice grows in dry soil. Most rice grows in wet soil. People in many countries do all of the work of
growing rice by hand.
This is the same way farmers worked hundreds of years ago. In some countries, people now use machines on their rice farms. The farmers all use fertilizer. Some insects are enemies of rice. Farmers poison them. People use every part of the rice plant.
They make animal feed and rice oil from it. They also make baskets, brooms, rugs, sandal s, and roofs for their houses. They burn dry rice plants in fires for cooking. rug land, dirt ,� sandals ----� Lesson 3: Rice � 83 a, Vocabulary Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
West probably grass brooms soil rice rugs eastern insects roofs even sandals 1. They also make baskets _______ -------, and _______ for their houses. 2. Rice is a kind of _______ 3. People all over the world eat _______ 4. Farmers grow rice in many countries, _______ in the southern Australia. part of the United States and in 5. Some _______ are enemies of
rice. 6. Another kind _______ grew m _______ Africa. 7.
Upland rice grows in dry _______ [61 Vocabulary: New Context Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text. even rug roof probably sandals soil nee grass West eastern insects broom instead of shoes. 1. In the summer, people like to wear 2. Chicken, , and salad make a good dinner. 3.
Frank is two years old. He wants to play basketball, but he can't _______ pick up the ball. 4. We can have our picnic on the _______ under that tree. 5. Paul cleaned the garage floor with a _______ 6. The rain comes through the _______ of the old house. 7.
Korea is in the _______ part of Asia. live together in a group. 8. Some 9.
Lebanon is in Asia. 84 Unit 3: Plants 10. There are a lot of black clouds in the sky. It will _______ nun. 11. Plants must have sun, water, and good _______ 12. Mr. and Mrs. Cook have a beautiful new _______ for the living room floor. fcl Vocabulary Review Match each word in Column A with the word or phrase in Column B that means the opposite. Write
the letter on the line following the word in Column A. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6.
7. 8. 9.
10. Column A bored __ large __ quickly __ enemy __ difficult __ hate __ cheap __ collect __ heat __ southern __ @] a. b. c. d.
e. f. g. h. i. j. Column B easy cold slowly northern small friend interested pass out expensive love Questions The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text. *l. *2. 3. 4. 5. *6. *7. *8. 9. 10. Why do some people eat almost nothing but rice?
In what countries is rice an important food?
What kind of plant is rice?
How many kinds of rice are there? Scientists have two ideas about where rice came from. What are they? What does upland mean? Why do rice farmers use fertilizer? Why do most farmers do the work of growing rice by hand? How do farmers kill insects? People eat rice. What are other ways people use the rice plant? 85 Lesson 3: Rice e
Comprehension: True/False/No Information Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false. Write NI if there is no information about the sentence in the text.
___ 1. Rice is a kind of grass. ___ 2. Rice grows on dry land and in wet soil.
3. Scientists know that rice came from India. 4. Rice grows in the United States. 5. There are more than 7,000 kinds of rice. 6. Maybe Chinese travelers took rice to India. 7. More people grow rice with machines than by hand. ___ 8. Farmers use fertilizer to kill insects. ___ 9. Chinese farms need more fertilizer than Indian farms. ___ 10. People use
every part of the rice plant. fI Main Idea Circle the number of the main idea of the text. 1.
Rice is a very important crop, but nobody knows where it came from. 2. People grow rice in many countries. 3. Today rice farmers use machines, fertilizer, and poisons. _ 6 8 " Unit 3: Plants Oranges lesson 4 Before You Read Look at the picture. Read the sentences. Check (11) True, False, or Don't Know. True False Don't Know 1. Oranges are
poisonous. D D D 2. Oranges grow on trees. D D D 3. Oranges are difficult to grow. D D D 87 Lesson 4: Oranges 4 Everybody loves oranges. They are sweet and juicy. They are in sections, so it is easy to eat them. Some oranges do not have any seeds. Some have a thick skin, and some have a thin skin. The orange tree is beautiful. It has a lot of shiny
green leaves. The small white flowers smell very sweet. An orange tree has flowers and fruit at the same time. There were orange trees twenty million years ago. The oranges were very small, not like the ones today. The orange tree probably came from China. Many different kinds of wild oranges grow there today. The Chinese started to raise orange
trees around 4,400 years ago. Chinese art has lovely old pictures of oranges and orange trees. Farmers in other parts of Asia and the Midd�e East learned to raise oranges from the Chinese. Then they taught Europeans. The Spanish planted orange trees in the New World (North and South America).
They took them to Florida first. Oranges are a very important crop in Florida today. In English, orange means both a fruit and a color. We use the name of the fruit for the color.
88 not planted by people grow/about Unit 3: Plants �I Vocabulary Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text. around wild sections lovely skin oranges raise smell seeds shiny thin sweet 1. The Chinese started to _______ orange trees _______ 4,400 years ago. and juicy.
2. They are 3. Some have a thick , and some have a _______ skin. oranges grow there today. 4. Many different kinds of 5.
They are in , so it is easy to eat them. 6. Chinese art has old pictures of oranges and orange trees. 7. Some oranges do not have any _______ green leaves. 8. It has a lot of b Vocabulary: New Context Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text. wild sweet lovely quickly leaves shines raise sections skin thin seeds
around 1. Japanese ------- fish on farms in the sea. pictures of date palms 2. The Syrians made on stone buildings. 3. Plants grow from _______ 4. A bird has feathers on its ________ , A camel has hair. animals. 5. The polar bear and the hippo are 6. There are three _______ of the beginning class. every day in the desert. 7. The sun 8. Dates and oranges are
_______ 9. Carlos is fat. Pablo is _______ 10. People started eating dates _______ 7,000 years ago. _ __ � L-e- s-so_ _n 4_:_0_r_a _-n ge_s___________ _ 89 [g Vocabulary Review Put the right word in each blank. museums interpreter diseases energy east west even insects become luck broom sandals better grass roof soil 1.
Sweden is _______ of Norway and __ _____ of Finland. 2. Students always _______ very busy at the end of the semester. eat farmers' crops. 3. Many kinds of 4. The Smiths have all around their house. There are also flowers and trees. 5. Desert _______ is very dry. 6. People can get some _______ from drinking dirty water. 7. Tom looked everywhere for his
dictionary. He _______ looked in his car. 8. Roberto is an -------· He works in Geneva. to see beautiful pictures. 9. Tourists usually go to art 10. Your feet feel cool when you wear _______ 11. Lois is a _______ student than Helen. Helen is not a good student. 12. The _______ is on the outside of the house.
The ceiling is on the inside. [dJ Questions The asterisk(*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text. 1. 2. 3. 4.
*5. 6.
Describe an orange.
Do all oranges have seeds? Describe an orange tree.
Where did orange trees probably come from? Who plants wild orange trees? How did Europeans learn to raise oranges? o' 9_ Unit 3: Plants 7. How did the United States get orange trees? 8. What does orange mean? *9. Why did people in Saudi Arabia eat dates instead of oranges?
[el Comprehension: Multiple Choice Put a circle around the letter of the best answer. The asterisk(*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text. 1. Oranges are ___ c. sweet and juicy a. shiny and green d. thin and white b. old and wild 2. Some oranges do not have __ c. flowers a. seeds d. a·skin b. sections 3. Orange leaves are
___ c. sweet a. shiny d. wild b. thick 4. There are many ___ orange trees in China today.
a. shiny c. wild d.
thick b.
thin 5. Europeans learned to plant orange trees from farmers in ___ c. China a. the Middle East and Asia d. Spain b. Florida *6. Oranges do not grow in __ c. Mexico a. India d. North Africa b. Sweden Main Idea Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. Oranges are sweet and juicy with seeds and a skin. 2. Orange trees went from Asia to the Middle East to Europe to the New World. 3. Oranges probably came from China, and today people all over the world like them because they are sweet and juicy. 91 Lesson 4: Oranges lesson 5 The Coffee Plant Before You Read Look at the picture. Read the
sentences. Check (v') True, False, or Don't Know. 92 True False Don't Know 1.
A coffee plant has leaves. D D D 2. Coffee plants grow in hot places. D D D 3. Coffee plants are difficult to grow. D D D Unit 3: Plants 5 The Coffee Plant How many cups of coffee did you drink yesterday? Where did the coffee come from?
There is a good chance possibility that your coffee came from one of these countries: Brazil, Colombia, Indonesia, Ivory Coast, or Ethiopia. These five countries produce most of the coffee in the so% world today. Brazil produces about half of the world's crop of coffee beans. The coffee plant is really a small tree with shiny leaves. A coffee plant grows
for about three years before it produces any fruit. After that, it produces fruit for about 40 years.
The coffee bean is the seed of the fruit. It's difficult to pick coffee beans. Machines can't do it well, so people pick most of the coffee beans by hand. Workers typically pick between 20 and 40 pounds of usually coffee beans a day. The old way to grow coffee plants is under large trees. The trees protect the coffee plant from the sun. The trees are also
home to many kinds of birds. On new many modem farms, however, farmers cut down the trees. They grow the coffee plants under the sun. Large farms can produce more coffee this way. Unfortunately, the coffee plants on these farms need more water and more fertilizer. And without the trees, the birds don't have a place to live. Lesson 5: The
Coffee Plant 93 � Vocabulary Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text. by hand chance half pick produce protect typically unfortunately modem countries 1. On many farms, however, farmers cut down the trees. of the world's crop of 2.
Brazil alone produces about coffee beans. coffee beans. 3. It's difficult to 4.
People pick most of the coffee beans _______ the coffee plant from the sun. 5. The trees 6. There is a good that your coffee comes from one of these five ______ : Brazil, Colombia, Indonesia, Ivory Coast, or Ethiopia.
pick between 20 and 40 pounds of coffee beans a day. 7.
Workers 8. , the coffee plants on these farms need more water and more fertilizer.
9. These five countries ______ most of the coffee in the world today. � Vocabulary: New Context Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text. by hand chance 1. 2.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. half pick protect unfortunately produces typically modern country What _______ is south of Canada? Feathers a bird from the cold. cars have air bags to protect people. Many people make their clothes _______ dates from a date palm?
How do people When you cut something in ------, you have two equal pieces. The date palm _______ dates. Polar bears live in cold places. There is no that she will come with us. I need to work. I want to go to the party, but _ 4 9 ' Unit 3: Plants @] Vocabulary Review Underline the word that does not belong with the other three. 1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. oranges, dates, rice, water hyacinth south, east, west, northern leaves, flowers, fruit, insects broom, machine, roof, sandals ocean, lake, desert, aquarium raise, grow, produce, kill expensive, excited, bored, tired hate, save, kill, hurt @] Questions The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text. 1. 2. 3.
4. *5. 6.
*7. e Which country produces the most coffee? When does a coffee plant start producing coffee beans? For how many years does the coffee plant produce fruit? Why do people pick coffee beans by hand? Why can't machines pick the beans well? Why do some farms raise coffee plants under the sun? Is it cheaper to grow coffee plants under trees or in
the sun? Comprehension: True/False/No Information Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false. Write NI if there is no information about the sentence in the text. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
8.
The coffee plant is a small tree. There is only one way to grow coffee plants. Most coffee farms are in southern countries. A coffee plant typically produces fruit for more than 40 years. It's difficult to pick coffee by hand. You need less fertilizer and water to grow coffee under trees. Farms can grow more coffee when they cut down the trees. It's better
to grow coffee plants on large farms. _l -nt---------� -Les- so- -n--5:_T_h_e_C_o_ff_ee_Pa � 95 fj Main Idea Match the details with the main ideas. Write the letter of each detail under the correct main idea. Main Ideas 1. Old way of growing coffee a. b. c. d. e. £. g. h. i. j. k. 1. 96 2. Modem way of growing coffee Details plants grow under trees plants grow
in the sun uses more fertilizer uses less fertilizer produces less coffee produces more coffee cuts down the large trees uses large trees uses less water uses more water doesn't provide a home for birds provides a home for birds Unit 3: Plants fal Verbs: Past Tense Add -ed to most verbs to make the past tense. If the verb ends in e, just add -d. smell-
smelled earn-earned raise-raised hate-hated Use they rules. (See page 26.) study-studied play-played Use the 1-1-1 (one-one-one) rule. (See page 27.) plan-planned shop-shopped Some verbs are irregular. You must memorize the past tense for these verbs.
Simple Verb come make teach Past Tense came made taught Simple Past Tense Verb eat ate become became took take Simple Verb grow think be Past Tense grew thought was, were Put the past tense of the verb in each sentence. (eat) (plan) (take) (be) (carry) (think) (come) (teach) lunch at 1:00 yesterday. 1. We his whole day. 2. This morning Jeff
her daughter to 3. Ms. Sanchez the doctor yesterday. 4. Paul nearly late for class this morning. his baggage into the airport. 5. Robert about the problem for a 6. We long time last week. to our party last Saturday. 7. Alice in Japan for six years. 8. Mr. Hall Now he teaches in New York. -W-o-rd_S_-t ud-y��������������� 97 (become) 9.
Paula studied at the university for eight years. Last year she _______ a doctor. for three hours last night. (shop) 10.
Jim (make) 11. Donna ______ a chocolate cake yesterday. (dance) 12. The students _______ for a long time at the party last Friday night. f6J Comparisons We add -er to short adjectives (words with one syllable) to· compare two things. We also use than.
We use more than with most longer words (words with three or more syllables). Examples: Sally is more beautiful than Ann. Rice is more important than potatoes in China. Irregular Forms: good- better bad -worse far- farther Examples: A car is better than a bicycle. A bicycle is worse than a car. An airplane can go farther than a car. Write the correct
form of the adjective with the word than. Example: (interesting) New York is more [email protected] than Chicago. (expensive) (sweet) (good) (thin) (difficult) (small) (intelligent) (wonderful) 1. A car is a motorcycle.
2. Suga! is oranges. 3. Oranges are grapefruit.
4. Bill is Paul. 5. French is Spanish. 6. A date is an orange. 7. Ruth is Lee. 8. A trip to the moon is a trip to the supermarket. 9. If you are in New York, Dallas is _______ Chicago.
(far) 98 Unit 3: Plants fcj Plural Nouns Most of the rules for adding s to nouns are the same as the rules for adding s to verbs. baby- babies highway-highways bus-buses lunch-lunches If a noun ends in f, change the f to v and add -es.
If a noun ends in fe, change the f to v and add -s. Irregular Plurals: leaf-leaves life-lives Write the plural of each noun.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5.
6. 7. 8. lunch roof knife key leaf sandal day star [dj 9.
10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. crop seed family aquarium enemy club eyelash library -y Adjectives Add -y to some nouns or verbs to make an adjective.
cloud-cloudy sun-sunny Use the 1-1-1 rule. (See page 27.) sun-sunny But: snow-snowy If the noun or verb ends in e, drop the e and add -y. shine-shiny ice-icy (See the exercise on the following page.) Word Study 99 Add -y to each word. Be careful of the spelling. Then choose the right word for each sentence. snow cloud salt ice 1mce wind sun shine 1.
Yesterday was a beautiful day. It was _______ today.
The weather is bad. The sky is . Bananas are not. 2. Oranges are 3. Gold is _______ days. 4. In winter, there are often Sometimes the streets become _______ days. The wind 5.
In spring, there are blows a lot. 6. This food is too -------· I can't eat it. ei Writing Use real information to write your answers. 1. Which plant in Unit 3 is the most useful, in your opinion? Why? 2. Which plants in Unit 3 can you find in your country? 3.
Which plant in Unit 3 is the most beautiful, in your opinion? Why? 100 ' Unit 3: Plants a Before You Watch 1. Circle Cameroon on this map. 2. Discuss these questions with your classmates: a. Why are plants important to humans and animals? b.
Why do people cut down forests?
3. Read this helpful information before you watch the video.
Bakas-a group of people who live in the rain forests of Cameroon. There are about 40,000 Bakas in Cameroon.
Another name for the Bakas is "Pygmies." Bantus-a large group of people who live in central Africa and speak the same language. There are about 15,000,000 Bantus in Cameroon. ethnic group-a group of people who share the same culture and language. A country may have many different ethnic groups. ����� -V-di _e_o_H-i g-h--
ligh_t_s��������� 101 [iii As You Watch Finish this sentence with at least two more reasons. The forest is important to the Bakas because ... 1. the people love the land. 2. ���������������������� 3. [cl After You Watch 1.
Write T if the sentence is true.Write F if the sentence is false. Write NI if there is no information about the sentence in the video. a. The Bakas do not know how to live in the forest.
b.
The Bakas make poison from plants to kill their enemies. c. The Bakas use plants from the forest for food and medicine. d. Most of the people in Cameroon are Bantus. 2. Discussion Questions a. Who are the enemies of the Bakas? Why? b. What happens to the Bakas when they leave the forest? What are the good things? What are the bad things? 102 '
Unit 3: Plants Unscramble the Words What do people use to make these products? Unscramble the words on the left to find out. Example: EDTA SAMPL Baskets are made from these kinds of trees. DATE PALMS 1. ODWO People use this to build houses and boats. 2. CREI Brooms, rugs, sandals, and roofs can all be made from parts of this plant. 3.
AWTRE CNIYHTAH People use this to make fertilizer and feed for animals. b Look Around the Room Play this game with a partner. Partner A: Look around the room. Make a list of all the things that come from plants. Give the list to your partner. Partner B: Go and touch each thing on the list, one by one. Tell your partner what plant it comes from.
Write the name of the plant on the list. Example: table tree Read your list aloud to your classmates. Which pair of partners found the most things? Activity Page 103 Finding the Correct Spelling 1. Make a sentence using the past tense of each verb. Be sure to follow the spelling rules, and watch out for irregular verbs. Example: carry The woman
carried the food out of the forest in a large basket. see--------------------� make-------------------� swim-------------------� raise-------------------​ become------------------​ . ------------------​ feed catch-------------------Look up each verb in your dictionary. Make sure that you spelled the past tense of each one correctly. 2. Add -y to the nouns and verbs below to make adjectives.
When you are finished, use your dictionary to check your work. Example: star starry smell _______ salt _______ grass _______ sleep _______ Now try using two of these new adjectives in some sentences of your own. It was a beautiful starry [email protected] Example: 104 ' Unit 3: Plants unit For each sentence, choose the word, phrase, or symbol that
means the same as the word in bold type. Do not use your dictionary. The bold words are new in this unit. 1. Sarah is in the hospital. I plan to visit her at the hospital this afternoon. c. hate a. take b. go to see d. drive to her house 2. Can you express your feelings with your hands? a. hear c.
show b. believe d. kill 3.
Eating good food affects your health. It can make you feel better. a. changes c. kills b. equals d. yawns 4. Cola drinks are popular all over the world. c. hated by many people a. liked by many people b. natural d. possible 5. People started to make things with machines during the century from 1800 to 1900.
c.
a hundred years a. ten years d. a thousand years b. fifty years 6. When you add two and two, you get four. c. X a. + b. - d. 7. Some bands are small, with just three or four musicians. c. groups of musicians a. towns b. countries d.
groups of museums 1-0-6- fJ .,---------------U -t n i_4_ : M-us-ic 8. Mr. Baker has his own company.
The company sells fruit and vegetables to supermarkets. d. job a. business b. motorcycle c. car 9. It's dangerous to talk on the telephone while you drive your car. a. after c. when b. before d. but 10. Bill and Paul planned to go to Europe together.
Then Bill got sick, so Paul went alone. C. quickly a.
in a group d. by ship b. by himself ______ i1 Context Clues � " 107 Music and Behavior lesson 1 Before You Read Look at the picture. Read the sentences. Check (ti) True, False, or Don't Know. True False Don't Know 1. You often hear music in restaurants. D D D 2. Music helps you relax. D D D 3. Music helps you think better. D D D l_OB_JJ Unit 4:
Music 1 Music and Behavior Where did you go yesterday? Did you hear music at any of those places? There is a good chance that you did. Today most stores and restaurants play music. You might even hear music in an office or on a farm. Scientists believe that music affects the way people behave. According to some scientists, the sound of western
classical music (Mozart and Bach) makes people feel richer. When a restaurant plays classical music, people spend more money on food and drinks. When the restaurant plays modem music, people spend less money. With no background music, people spend even less. Scientists also believe that loud, fast music makes people eat faster. People
actually chew their food faster when the music gets faster. Some restaurants play fast music during their busy hours. This gets people to eat faster and leave quickly. Restaurants can make more money this way. Some scientists think that music makes you think and learn better. They say that music helps students to be more alert. It is true that people
learn better when they are relaxed. And listening to music can help you relax.
The next time you hear music somewhere, be careful. It might change the way you behave. changes act, do things having a strong sound ______ r1 Lesson l : Music and Behavior � J 109 a Vocabulary Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text. office loud careful affects background chew farm alert behave classical music
scientists 1. 2.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
8. Studies also show that------, fast music makes people eat faster. You might even hear music in an or on a farm. The next time you hear music somewhere, be ------According to some scientists, the sound of western _______ music (Mozart and Bach) makes people feel richer. Did you hear _______ at any of these places? With no music, people spend even
less.
People actually their food faster when the music gets faster. the way people _____ Scientists beli�:ve that music b Vocabulary: New Context Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text. office loud believe affect background chew careful better sound classical music behave 1.
You should ______ your food well. You don't want to get a stomachache. 2. Her is very small. There is only a desk and a chair in it. 3. The children can't go to the movies this week because they didn't _______ well at school. 4. We couldn't study because there was a loud noise in the ______ ? 5. What is your favorite kind of 6. You should be _______ when
you drive your car. 7. music can hurt your ears.
8. Laughter can your feelings. Usually it makes you feei better. 110 Unit 4: Music [cJ Vocabulary Review Underline the word that does not belong with the other two. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. camel, dolphin, rice hate, raise, produce wonderful, boring, lovely eastern, western, even seeds, soil, skin date, orange, exercise government, art museum, aquarium
farm, roof, office d Questions The asterisk(*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text. 1. *2. 3. 4. *5. 6. What kind of music makes people feel richer?
Why do some restaurants play classical music? Why do some restaurants play fast music? How can you get people to chew their food faster? Why is there background music in some offices? How might music help you to learn better? e Comprehension: True/False/No Information Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence iffalse. Write NI if
there is no information about the sentence in the text. Mozart and Bach wrote classical music. Music can affect how quickly someone eats. It's possible that music can help you learn better. Some restaurants use music to make more money. People in restaurants spend more money when they hear loud, fast music. __ 6. Office workers are more
productive when they listen to music. ___ ___ __ __ __ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ______ �r111 Lesson 1 : Music and Behavior 111 m Main Idea Circle the number of the main idea of the text. 1. Music affects the way people behave. 2. Loud, fast music makes people eat faster.
3. Music might make you think and learn better. 1_12_JJ Unit 4: Music Blues and Jazz lesson Before You Read Look at the picture.
Read the sentences.
Check (ti) True, False, or Don't Know. 1. Jazz is a type of music. 2. Jazz is different from classical music. 3. Some jazz musicians play the guitar. True False Don't Know D D D D D D D D D ______ i1 Lesson 2: Blues and Jazz � - 113 2 Blues and Jazz People from Europe and America brought Africans to America as slaves before and during the nineteenth
century. These Africans brought their music with them. After the American Civil War (1861-1865), the African American people in the United States were not slaves. Their African American music became famous.
It started in the South, in Louisiana and Mississippi. Then it traveled to the North. This music became the blues and then jazz. Blues and jazz became very popular in the twentieth century. A person who "sings the blues" feels sad. Usually he or she lost something-a person, or maybe money or a job. Blues songs express sad feelings, sometimes in a
funny way. People played the blues first with only one or two instruments, for example, a guitar, a harmonica, or sometimes a piano. Sometimes they sang without any instruments. Some famous blues musicians and singers are Bessie Smith, John Lee Hooker, and B. B. King. B. B. King named his guitar "Lucille." Jazz came soon after blues. Composers
added more musical instruments. Jazz can be happier than the blues and is often faster. Some famous jazz musicians are Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong, Miles Davis, and Wynton Marsalis. Musicians who play blues and jazz change the music to express their feelings. They play the music differently each time. People all over the world still like to
listen to blues and jazz. 1_14_JJ 100 years liked by many people say or tell music writers; put in,+ � �-harmonica Unit 4: Music a Vocabulary Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text. century popular added listen guitar express slaves usually instruments listen jazz blues feelings composers harmonica piano and then _______
1. This music became 2. People from Europe and America brought Africans to America as _____ before and during the nineteenth ______ in the 20th century. 3. Blues and jazz became very 4. People played blues first with only one or two , for example, a-----, a -----, or sometimes a _____ sad feelings, sometimes in a funny way. 5. Blues songs 6.
more musical instruments. Vocabulary: New Context Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text. piano add popular century guitar express composed listen harmonica slaves instrument usually composer jazz blues feelings 1. There are one hundred years in a _______ 2. You play the and the _______ with your hands
but not your mouth. 3. You play the _______ with your mouth and hands. 4. Can you these numbers?
456 + 142 + 862 =? 5. Some people their feelings by crying or laughing. 6. Mozart classical music. , and Wynton Marsalis 7. John Lee Hooker sings the plays _______ 8. The piano is a musical _______ 9. The dolphin is a _______ animal at an aquarium. 10. worked on American farms in the nineteenth century. ______ n � 11 Lesson 2: Blues and Jazz 11 5 C
Vocabulary Review Match each word in Column A with the word or phrase in Column B that means the same. Write the letter on the line following the word in Column A. Column A Column B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
ago however __ listen __ affect __ modern __ lovely __ thin __ rice __ behave __ roof __ sandal __ loud __ a. b. c. d. e. f. g.
h.
i. j. k. 1. d Questions act the top of a house new not quiet before now hear beautiful a kind of shoe change not fat an important food for many people but The asterisk(*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text. 1. Why did European and American people bring Africans to America before and during the nineteenth century?
2. Where did blues and jazz start? 3. When did blues and jazz become very popular?
4. How does a person who "sings the blues" feel? *5. When do you feel like singing the blues? 6. With what instruments did people first play the blues? 7. What is the name of B. B. King's guitar? *8. Why do you think B. B.
King gave his guitar a name? *9.
What is the difference between jazz and blues? *10. Why are blues and jazz popular all over the world? _1 1 6_JJ Unit 4: Music e Comprehension: True/False Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false. The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text. 1. 2. 3. 4. Blues and jazz come from African
music. The American Civil War ended in 1865. Jazz and blues started in the southern part of Europe. A person who "sings the blues" feels happy because he found something. __ *5. If someone gives you a million dollars, you will sing the blues. 6. People can sing the blues with no instruments. 7. John Lee Hooker is a famous blues musician. 8. Jazz is
sometimes happier music than the blues. 9. Musicians play jazz and blues the same way each time.
[!J Main Idea Circle the number of the main idea of the text. 1. The nineteenth century was an important time for American music. 2. Jazz is happier music than blues. 3. Jazz and blues are two important types of African American music. Lesson 2: Blues and Jazz 11 7 Rock and Roll lesson Before You Read Look at the picture. Read the sentences. Check
(.-') True, False, or Don't Know. 1. Rock and roll is popular today. 2. Rock and roll musicians don't play instruments. 3. Rock and roll music is loud. _1 1 8 _JJ True False Don't Know D D D D D D D D D Unit 4: Music 3 Rock and Roll Rock and roll came from jazz and the blues during the 1950s. One of the first rock and roll songs was Bill Haley's "Rock
Around the Clock." One of the first very famous rock and roll singers was Elvis Presley. Others were Buddy Holly and Chuck Berry. Now almost every country has many rock and roll bands and singers. Sometimes performers call their music by different names, like "rap" or "punk." They sing and play mixtures of rock and roll and talking or other
sounds. Rap and punk both came from rock and roll, or rock music. Some fans who like rock music think that classical music is boring. Many fans play rock music very loudly. They forget about the people who enjoy soft music. Loud music can make these people nervous.
Many fans also like to dance to rock and roll. When rock and roll was new, people had only records to play the music at home. After that, people used cassette tapes and records. Now we listen to music on compact discs (often called CDs). Most modem bands and singers pay companies to make videos of their songs. With videos, fans can see the
performers at the same time that they listen to the music. Making a recording and the video that goes with it is very expensive. Lesson 3: Rock and Roll o�1�1 ot,,j /!:.?.>" www.irLanguage.com two or more things put together (noun form of mix) not loud ., compact disc J J9 [al Vocabulary Put the right word in each blank.
The sentences are from the text. fans nervous records soft companies mixtures performers composers compact discs bands raise baskets 1. Most modem bands and singers pay ------· to make videos of their songs. 2. Some who like rock music think that classical music is boring. music. 3. They forget about the people who enjoy 4. Loud music can make
these people _______ 5.
Now almost every country has many rock and roll _______ and singers. 6. When rock and roll was new, people had only _______ to play the music at home. 7. Now we listen to music on _______ 8. Sometimes _______ call their music by different names, like "rap" or "punk." 9.
They sing and play _______ of rock and roll and talking or other sounds. [b] Vocabulary: New Context Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text. boring nervous company soft cassettes compact discs mixture records performer band raise fan 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Hot chocolate is a _______ of chocolate, sugar, and milk.
in Riyadh. Ahmed works for a large Elvis Presley was a wonderful _______ Students are usually _______ before a big test. music is okay. Loud music is not good for our ears, but Are you a of rock and roll or classical music? 1_20_JJ Unit 4: Music played at Laura 1 s wedding. 7. A large 8. are more expensive than tapes. only at home, not in 9. People
listened to music from their cars. CI Vocabulary Review Match each word in Column A with the word or phrase in Column B that means the opposite. Write the letter on the line following the word in Column A. Column A Column B 1. 2.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. a. b. c. d.
e. f. g. h. i. j. k. calm thin loud different before store west all over spend warm somebody [d1 east soft nobody thick save throw away after nowhere same cool nervous Questions The asterisk(*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text. 1. *2. 3. *4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
*10. What are rap and punk? Who was Bill Haley? Where did rock and roll come from? Why do some rock and roll fans think that classical music is boring? In the 1950s, what did people use to play rock and roll music at home? Why do some fans like videos better than cassette tapes or compact discs? Is it cheap to make a video? Some people don't
like loud music. Why?
Who were Elvis Presley, Buddy Holly, and Chuck Berry? Why does almost every country have many rock bands and singers? ______ �i1" Lesson 3: Rock and Roll 121 feJ Comprehension: Multiple Choice . Put a circle around the letter of the best answer. the music. 1. Many rock and roll fans like to a. dance to b. collect c. listen to d. listen and dance to
songs. 2. Bill Haley's "Rock Around the Clock" was one of the first c. rock and roll d. punk a.
blues b.
rap of rock and roll and talking. 3. Rap is a d. company c. performer a. mixture b.
record 4. Many fans like their rock music __ d. boring a. soft c. loud b. nervous 5. Rock and roll came classical music.
d. at the same time as a. before c.
during b. after 6.
The first rock and roll fans listened to "Rock Around the Clock" on a -b. cassette tape a. video c. compact disc d. record 7. Elvis Presley was a famous a. farmer d. company b. performer c.
band years ago. 8. Rock and roll began about d. 25 a. 10 b. 100 c. 50 l Main Idea Circle the number of the main idea of the text. 1. Rock and roll is a popular type of modem music. 2. Most rock and roll music is loud.
3.
Many rock performers make videos of their songs. 122 fJ Unit 4: Music Country-Western Music lesson 4 Before You Read Look at the picture. Read the sentences. Check (V') True, False, or Don't Know. 1. Country-western music is good dance music. 2. You need a guitar to play country-western music. 3. Country-western music is loud. Lesson 4:
Country-Western Music True False Don't Know D D D D D D D D 123 4 Country-Western Music Country-western music is very old. It came from the United States, Canada, Ireland, and Great Britain. Country-western music is a mixture of music from all of these places. In the American West, cowboys had to take care of the cattle. They had to watch
them all day and all night because the cattle were nervous and sometimes ran away. A cowboy's life was lonely and dangerous. When he was alone with the cattle, he drank strong coffee to stay awake at night. He also sang music to the cattle to calm them. He sang about the stars and the moon, about his family and his friends. The cattle listened to
the cowboy and went to sleep. They did not run away if he sang beautiful, peaceful music. The cowboys also sang music when they traveled to town to relax and have a good time. Sometimes they played either guitars or harmonicas. Later they used violins and other instruments. In the American South, many people came from Ireland, Scotland, and
England. Other people came from French Canada. They enjoyed their own kind of music. They used guitars, violins, and harmonicas, too. They also added instruments from their homes, like bottles, cans, and spoons.
When they visited their friends and families on holidays like Thanksgiving, they usually sang and played country music. Country-western music describes life. It talks about love, jobs, home, and money. People in many parts of the world like country-western music because everyone knows something about these ideas. Also, many fans of this music
wear western clothes and dance together to country-western music. Many bands all over the world now perform country-western music. 1_24_JJ make quiet bottle ' can Unit 4: Music a Vocabulary Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text. calm cattle bottles dangerous cans listened peaceful either country violins visited alone
1. When he was _______ with the cattle, he drank strong coffee to stay awake at night. 2. When they their friends and families on holidays like Thanksgiving, they usually sang and played country music. 3. They also added instruments from their homes, like _______ -------, and spoons.
4. Cowboys had to take care of the _______ 5. A cowboy's life was lonely and _______ 6. Sometimes they played _______ guitars or harmonicas. 7. He also sang music to the cattle to _______ them. 8. They did not run away if he sang beautiful, _______ music. 9. Later they used _______ and other instruments. b Vocabulary: New Context Put the right word in
each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text. stars cattle bottles dangerous calms cans peaceful either alone visit country violin 1. It is to drive a car on icy roads.
2. You can buy vegetables and soup in _______ 3. You can buy orange juice in cans and _______ 4. Those children their grandparents every week. 5. When a war ends, the countries are _______ 6. _______ are mammals. 7. Some people do not like to be _______ 8. Mario wants to study ______ the guitar or the ______ animals and people. 9. Sometimes classical
music ______ �i111 Lesson 4: Country-Western Music 125 [cl Vocabulary Review Underline the word that does not belong with the other three. irLanguage.com 1. blues, jazz, mammals, rock and roll 2.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. calm, beside, relaxed, not nervous around, eastern, southern, western violin, guitar, cassette, harmonica cattle, fans, composers, performers grass, jazz, rice, palm lovely, sweet, afraid, wonderful listen, relax, express, slave � Questions The asterisk(*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text. 1. Where did
country-western music come from? *2. Why was a cowboy's life dangerous? 3. 4. *5. 6. When did the cowboys sing? What instruments do people use to play country-western music? Where did many people .in the American South come from? When people in the American South visited their families on holidays, what did they do to have a good time? 7.
What does country-western music talk about? 8.
Why do people all over the world like country-western music? -�- 126 r1 Unit 4: Music e Com rehension: True/False/No Information Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false. Write NI if there is no information about the sentence in the text. __ 1. Many fans like to dance to country�western music. __ 2. Country-western music is
new. __ 3. Country-western music came from the American West and the American South. __ 4. The cattle became calm when they listened to the cowboys' songs. __ 5. Cowboys sometimes had to stay awake all night. __ 6. Cowboys always stayed alone with the cattle. __ 7. Many people in the American South came from Malaysia, China, and eastern
Australia. __ 8. Country singers sing about unusual ideas. __ 9. Some fans enjoy country-western music instead of rock and roll. [i] Main Idea Circle the number of the main idea of the text. 1. Guitars and violins are popular instruments for country-western music. 2. Cowboys sang country-western music because it helped them relax. 3. Country-western
music describes life. tR irLanguage.com - ..,...,...es�t-e-rn�M�-u si-c���������-� �Le- s-so-n---.4-:�c-o__u n�tr-�y W 127 lesson Latin Music and Salsa Before You Read Look at the picture. Read the sentences.
Check (ti) True, False, or Don't Know. True False Don't Know 1. Latin music is loud. D D D 2. Latin music is good dance music. D D D 3. Latin music is from Africa. D D D 128 Unit 4: Music 5 Latin Music and Salsa Latin music is very common in countries where people speak Spanish or Portuguese. However, people all over the world can enjoy it. This
music comes from Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America, and South America. Salsa is one kind of Latin music. Big cities like Miami, New York, San Juan, Havana, and Panama City have their own kinds of salsa. Latin music is a mixture of European music and African music. It has a strong beat. Many years ago, people played Latin music mostly on
guitars with drums, but now whole orchestras with lots of other instruments play it. Composers of Latin music express their feelings in their music. Sometimes they are very happy, and sometimes they are sad. Ruben Blades and Juan Luis Guerra are two famous modern Latin American composers. They perform their own music with their own
orchestras. irLanguage.com People play salsa and other Latin music at home or when they visit their friends.
Sometimes salsa fans play cards in the afternoon or at night on weekends or holidays while they listen to Latin music. Some people bring guitars and play them while they sing.
The other people relax and enjoy the music, but they don't stop playing cards. They roast or bake food in the oven or fry it on top of the stove in oil.
When the food is ready, they stop playing cards. They listen to the music while they eat. The food tastes good. People who dance enjoy Latin music because it is easy to dance to.
The beat is very strong. Dancers can move their whole bodies. They can dance alone or with someone. Other people enjoy listening to Latin music. Usually the words are in Spanish or Portuguese, but sometimes they are in English or another language. Many Latin songs have beautiful words, but if a person does not understand them, it is not
important. A person can still enjoy the music. The sound is international. Lesson 5: Latin Music and Salsa � cards when, at the same time 129 [!J Vocabulary Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text. fry common beat oven bake while cards international tastes roast orchestras enjoy 1. Sometimes salsa fans play _______ in the
afternoon or at night they listen to Latin music. on weekends or holidays in countries where people speak 2. Latin music is very Spanish or Portuguese. or ______ food in the 3. They _______ or _______ it on top of the stove in oil. 4. The food _______ good. 5.
It has a strong _______ 6. The sound is _______ 7. Many years ago, people played Latin music mostly on guitars with drums, but now whole with lots of other instruments play it. it. 8. However, people all over the world can (!,j Vocabulary: New Context Put the right word in each blank.
These are new sentences for words in the text. oven beat cards common tastes while enJoy baked orchestra fry international roast 1. 2. 3.
4. 5. Rita usually listens to music _______ she studies. Carmen a chocolate cake yesterday.
playing soccer. Many people ? Do you know how to play meat in oil on top of the stove. We Sometimes we bake or food in the _______ 6.
There is a dance tomorrow night for the _______ students. of the music. 7. Rock and roll fans enjoy the 1_30_JJ Unit 4: Music 8. Classical music is _ 9. Chocolate cake fcJ _____ all over the world. _ better than grass. Vocabulary Review Put the right word in each blank. boring express protect relax museum even 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
12. describe instrument sections fan dangerous around . It's not interesting. This television program is Can you salsa? ? What is your favorite musical Music is a way to feelings. Some people love jazz. They listen to it during breakfast. Most people like to after work or class. There are _______ 200 students in the English program. What do you do to
your CDs? Are you a of rock and roll? The book has four . Each one is about a different subject. There are some beautiful new photographs in the art------, but dolphins are not. Bears are Questions The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer.
You cannot find it in the text. 1.
2. 3. 4. *5. 6. *7. 8. 9. *10. Where does Latin music come from? What is salsa? Name some cities that have their own types of salsa. What kinds of music were mixed to get Latin music? Why does Latin music have a strong beat? Who are Juan Luis Guerra and Ruben Blades?
What are some things to do while you are listening to Latin music? What is the difference between roasting and frying? How does a person dance to Latin music? How is Latin music different from the blues or country-western music? ------JJ Lesson 5: Latin Music and Salsa J 3J eI Comprehension: True/False Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the
sentence is false.
The asterisk(*) means you have to think of the answer.
You cannot find it in the text. 1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7.
8. __ *9.
__ 10. Caribbean countries have salsa. Both African music and European music are part of Latin music. Ruben Blades usually performs with Juan Luis Guerra's orchestra. Latin music does not express feelings. Latin food tastes good. It is difficult to dance to Latin music. If you don't understand Spanish, you can't enjoy Latin music. Salsa fans
sometimes listen to Latin music while they play cards. If you want to dance to music, it's important to listen to the beat. Many Latin songs have beautiful words. Main Idea Write the letters of the supporting details after the topics. Some supporting details are about more than one topic. Topics 1. Country Music _______ 2. Rock and Roll ______ 3.
Classical Music _______ 4. Blues ______ 5. Latin Music _______ Supporting Details a. b. c.
d. e. f. g. h. i. It is common in countries where people speak Spanish. It began during the 1950s. Musicians play it differently each time. Videos of its performers are very popular. B.
B. King plays it on "Lucille." Bach and Mozart composed some of it. People like to dance to it. Cowboys sang this to their cattle. People in the American South who came from Ireland, Scotland, and England sang this. j.
It came from the African slaves' music. 1_32_JJ Unit 4: Music a Forming Questions: Past Tense The verb be: Put was or were before the subject. Example: subject Tom Was Tom was home last night. home last night? Other verbs: Put did at the beginning of the sentence. Use the simple verb. Example: subject Did verb The farmers planted corn last
spring. the farmers plant corn last spring? Change these sentences to past tense questions. 1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. The dancers listened to the music. The orchestra ate dinner ·after the performance. The meat was in the oven for two hours. The cowboys raised cattle in the country. The cook fried some thin pieces of meat. The band sold compact discs to fans at the nightclub. The blues singers were asleep on the bus. Our neighbor went to San
Francisco to hear Wynton Marsalis. Iii] Irregular Verbs Memorize these irregular verbs. Put the right verb form in each blank. Simple Verb do � see Word Study Past Tense did � saw Simple Verb go �w sell Past Tense went �w sold 133 his homework early 1. Carlos yesterday. a good grade on your 2. Did you (get) test? her friends at the (see) 3.
Helen Student Union this morning at breakfast time. to the football game last 4. They (go) Saturday.
our mother a birthday (give) 5. We present every year. their house? (sell) 6. Did the Browns at home last 7. Paul and Robert (be) night. in Brazil. (grow) 8. Coffee of the answer after the (think) 9. I teacher asked someone else. the test next month? (take) 10. Will you pizza for lunch yesterday. 11. We (eat) to the class (come) 12. All the students party
last night. (do) � -ly Adverbs An adverb describes a verb. Many adverbs end in -ly. We can add -ly to many adjectives to make adverbs . Example: slow - slowly Spelling: If the word ends in y, change the y to i. easy - easily happy - happily If the word ends in -ble, drop the le. possible - possibly 134 JJ Unit 4: Music Add -ly to each adjective. Then use the
correct adverb in each blank. Underline the verb. easy happy different loud cheap possible busy warm 1. You must dress _______ in winter, or you will catch a cold. 2. You can _______ do the homework in a half hour. There are only three short exercises. 3. People from Spain and Mexico speak Spanish, but they speak a little _______ 4. Could I _______
borrow your car? I need one this afternoon. 5.
My son plays his CDs very _______ 6. You can live _______ if you live in a dormitory, cook your own food, and ride a bicycle. [d, Word Forms: Noun and Verb the Same Many words have the same form for both the noun and the verb. Read these words. Then choose the right word for each sentence. Use the correct verb form or the singular or plural
noun. Verb Verb Noun Noun feed feed taste taste use use cook cook work work poison p01son plant plant drink drink 1. Ruth has lovely _______ growing in front of her them last spring. house. She . He likes to bake cakes, 2. Robert is a good international dishes. and he also ? 3. What are you eating? Can I have a that kind of food before. I never 4. Do
you ____ coffee? Would you like a cold ____ ?
135 5. I have a lot of _____ to do.
I _____ all day yesterday, but the isn't finished. 6. Farmers buy one kind of for chickens. They their horses something different. � Collocations Collocations are words that we often put together. We often use certain verbs and nouns together. For example, we often use the verb spend with the noun time or the noun money. Examples: I spend a lot of
time at school every day. He spends a lot of money on food. Which verbs and nouns do we often use together? Write the correct nouns from the list on the lines beside each verb. Nouns Verbs spend time cards money a job play money music lose time save Answer the questions. Check(.!) Yes or No. Yes No 1. Do you like to play cards? D D 2.
Did you lose any money last week?
D D D D D D 3. Did you spend some time reacling yesterday?
4. Did you save much money last year? 136 Unit 4: Music [fJ Writing Use real information to write your answers. 1. What kinds of music do you enjoy most?
Why? 2. Choose two of the kinds of music described in Unit 4. Tell how they are alike. Then tell how they are different. 3.
Describe your country's national music or some other kind of music not described in Unit 4. Word Study 137 a. Before You Watch Walk around the class, and ask questions to find someone who fits each description below. Write a classmate's name to the left of each description. Classmate's Name Gabriela 1_38_JJ Description loves to sing. can play the
guitar. watches music videos. likes country music. likes to wear blue jeans. doesn't like music at all. can write songs. Unit 4: Music 6 As You Watch What kind of music is the video about? Check only one. __ Jazz and blues Rock and roll Country-western __ Classical Latin and salsa After You Watch 1. Check (\I") the sentences that are true about all
three singers in the video. __ __ __ __ They are all women. They all write their own songs. They all wear hats when they sing. They all play the guitar. 2. Work with a partner or a small group of your classmates. Write facts that you learned in the video about each of the singers. If you need to, watch the video again to find the answers. The name of
Sherrie Austin's new album: The kind of clothes Michael Peterson likes to wear: What Matraca Berg wants to do next: ------JJ Video Highlights 139 � Draw the Word What instrument is missing from each of the pictures? Finish the picture by drawing in the missing instrument. Then write the name of the instrument below the picture. � Music Bingo
Write one word from the list below in each box of the Bingo card. When everyone is ready, your teacher will call out a vocabulary word. If you have written the word in a box, mark it with an X. Whoever has five X's in a row or a column wins Bingo. alone cards fans Jazz 1_40_JJ Vocabulary Words to Choose From boring add beat classical common soft
instrument feelings tastes popular nervous behave blues violins record visit Unit 4: Music Understanding Grammar 1. Look up the words below in your dictionary to find out if they are adjectives or nouns. Write noun or adjective next to each word. If the word you looked up is an adjective, change it to a noun.
If it is a noun, change it to an adjective. Example: boring a. b. c. d. e. adjective boredom (noun) classical peaceful danger natural nerve 2. Use the correct forms of each word you identified above to complete these sentences. a. Gabriela doesn't like _______ music. b. After many years of war, the people prayed for c. Some of the animals in the rain forest
are _______ to humans. d. For thousands of years, the Bakas lived close to e. The singer was _______ when she first walked on stage.
Dictionary Page 141 unit For each sentence, choose the word or phrase that means the same as the word in bold type. Do not use your dictionary. The bold words are new in this unit. 1. She works 40 hours a week and she gets three weeks of vacation. She usually visits her family during her vacation. c. hot places a. money b. exercise d. time not
working 2. I have six oranges but I only need two. That means I have four extra oranges. a. more than needed c. strange b. less than wanted d. sweet 3. It's the pilot's duty to fly the plane safely. c. behavior a. chance d. exercise b. necessary act 4. One of the benefits of exercising is that you feel good. a. something good c. something natural b.
something bad d. something expensive 5. Everyone was hungry, but they only had one sandwich. They decided to share the sandwich so that everyone got a little. c. divide in equal parts a. throw away b. make d. chew it slowly 6. The loudness of the music continued to increase. Finally, it was so loud everyone left the room. When something of it.
increases, there is a. more c. the same amount b. less d. none 7. If you want to study, don't sit in that chair. It's very comfortable, and you might fall asleep. a. hard c. exciting b.
relaxing d. boring 144 Ill ������������-U -ti _ __ __ _ _ _ __ _e_ --re n S : W o r k a n d L is u 8. He always gets dressed after breakfast because he doesn't want to get food on his school clothes. c. puts clothes on a. takes clothes off d.
hates clothes b. chooses clothes 9. What's your favorite meal-breakfast, lunch, or dinner? a. day of the week c. time to get up b. time to eat d. part of a movie 10. My friend has a hundred jazz CDs. Obviously, he likes jazz music. c. It is strange that a. It is hard to believe that d. It is easy to see that b. It is better that Context Clues 145 Work Hours
lesson 1 Country Normal Work Hours Vacation Days Each Year Each Week Argentina 48 hours 14 to 35 days France 35 hours 25 days Germany 40 hours 30 days Thailand 48 hours At least 6 days per year United States 40 hours 10 to 20 days Before You Read Look at the chart and the pictures.
Read the sentences. Check (.I) True, False, or Don't Know. 1. People in France work more hours than people in Germany. 2. People in Germany have the longest vacations. 3. Most people work about eight hours a day. 146 True False Don't Know D D D D D D D D D •------Unit 5: Work and Leisure 1 Work Hours Many people say that they are working
too many hours. They don't have enough time with their families. They can't take care of things at home. They don't have time to relax. Work hours � from one country to another. In France, people spend about 1,646 hours a year at work. In Japan, however, people work about 2,159 hours a year. That means a Japanese employee works 513 more
hours a year than a French employee.
That is more than 12 weeks, or three months, of extra work! Why do people work so many hours? Some people work extra hours because they want to earn more money. However, many companies don't pay overtime.
Their employees don't get extra pay for extra work. These people work extra hours because they think it's their duty. Some people are afraid they will lose their job if they don't work extra hours. Many people say that their vacations are too short. In France, people get five weeks of paid vacation. In Germany, they get from four to six weeks. In the
United States, two weeks of vacation is the average. Many people don't even use all of their vacation days.
In one study in Great Britain, fewer than half of workers used all their vacation days. In English, people say, "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy." If that is true, there are a lot of dull people in the world. Lesson 1: Work Hours are different worker boring 147 [al Vocabulary Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text. pay
extra earn average vary lose dull employee vacations overtime enough duty 1. Some people work extra hours because they want to _______ more money. 2. All work and no play makes Jack a _______ boy. 3. However, many companies don't pay _______ 4. In the United States, two weeks of vacation is the _______ 5. Work hours from one country to
another. 6. These people work extra hours because they think it's their _____ 7. A Japanese employee works 513 more hours a year than a French 8. They don't have _______ time with their families. work! 9.
That is more than 12 weeks, or three months, of 10. Some people are afraid they will their job if they don't work extra hours. are too short. 11. Many people say that their [ii] Vocabulary: New Context Put the right word in each blank.
These are new sentences for words in the text. pay extra average earn varies lose employees dull vacation overtime enough duties 1. They left early because the movie was very _______ money. 2. She didn't buy the book because she didn't have before you enter the theater.
3. At the movies, you 4. He worked four hours of last week. from day to day. 5. In some places, the weather some money.
6.
He wants to get a job so he can 7. The person sleeps about eight hours a day. 148 Unit 5: Work and Leisure 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Florida is a popular place for a _______ Take care of your passport. You don't want to at home is to cook dinner. One of my How many does his company have? Do you want an _______ piece of cake? it. Vocabulary Review
Underline the word that does not belong with the other three. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7. 8. calm, peaceful, relaxed, dangerous guitar, harmonica, broom, violin roast, pretend, bake, fry chew, yawn, laugh, affect basket, office, farm, museum bored, soft, alert, lonely scientist, medicine, composer, farmer cattle, dolphin, date palm, bear Questions The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text. 1.
What do people need more time to do? 2. How many hours a year do people in France work? 3. How many hours a year do people in Japan work? 4. Why do some people work extra hours?
"'5. Why don't some companies pay overtime? 6. In which country do people get the longest vacations? *7. Why don't people use all of their vacation days? Lesson 1 : Work Hours 149 e Com rehension: True False No Information Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false. Write NI if there is no information about the sentence in the
text. __ 1. People in France work more hours than people in Japan. ___ 2. You don't always earn extra money when you work extra hours. ___ 3. If your company pays overtime, you get more money when you work extra hours. __ 4. [n most countries, people get five weeks of vacation every year. __ 5. People in the United States have fewer vacation days
than people in France or Germany. __ 6. In Great Britain, most employees use all their vacation days. f Main Idea Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1.
Many employees work extra hours, but they don't get paid for it. 2. Some people get longer vacations than others. 3. A lot of people think they are working too hard.
150 llill -������������u- � �S��VJ� - �k_ _ _d�L n t, : o r a n �e-s, -u�re Salaries 2 lesson Before You Read Look at the pictures. Read the sentences. Check (vi) True, False, or Don't Know. 1. Doctors often work overtime. 2. It's harder to become a pilot than a waiter. 3. A dentist's pay is higher than a waiter's pay. Lesson 2: Salaries
True False Don't Know D D D D D D · D D D 1 51 2 Salaries In the United States, you probably shouldn't ask the question "How much money do you earn?" Many people trunk that their salary is private information. However, you can find out the typical salary for different jobs on the Internet. What are the best-paying jobs? In the United States,
doctors, dentists, and pilots get the highest salaries. Why is that? Maybe it's because it takes many years of study to enter these professions.
Which jobs pay the lowest salaries? All of the lowest-paying jobs are connected to food. Cooks in fast-food restaurants and waiters get the lowest salaries in the United States. Of course, your salary is not just the money you earn every week or month. In many jobs, you get a salary and benefits. Benefits are the extra things your employer gives you.
Common benefits are health insurance and paid vacations. Benefits equal about 25% of an employee's salary. For example, a person with a salary of $40,000 plus benefits is really earning about $50,000. That's a lot of extra money! 152 the money paid for doing a job and, + Unit 5: Work and Leisure a Vocabulary Put the right word in each blank.
The sentences are from the text. benefits dentists professions employer health insurance Internet pilots plus private doctors salary waiters 1.
In many jobs, you get a salary and _______ 2. In the United States, _______ _______ get the highest salaries. ___ 3. You can find out the typical salary of different jobs on the __ _ 4. A person with a salary of $40,000 benefits is really earning about $50,000. 5. Common benefits are _______ and paid vacations. 6. Cooks in fast-food restaurants and get the
lowest salaries in the United States. 7. It takes many years of study to enter these _______ 8.
Many people think that their _______ 1s _______ information.
9. Benefits are the extra things your _______ gives you. b Vocabulary: New Context Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text. benefits dentist professions employer health insurance Internet pilots plus private doctor salary waiters 1. Your. pays your salary. 2. When you have a toothache, you should go to a _______ ,
you shouldn't enter. 3.
If the sign on a door says ten equals twenty. 4.
Ten 5. Her father changed ______ several times during his life. First he was a doctor, and then he became a business man and then a teacher.
; the 6. People in the United States pay for their own government does not provide it. Lesson 2: Salaries • 153 7. _______ work in restaurants. 8. One of the _______ of the Internet is that you get lots of free information. 9. Is your _______ higher this year than last year? for children. 10. A pediatrician is a on an airplane. 11. There are usually two 12. The
is a worldwide computer system of facts and news. [cl Vocabulary Review Match each word in Column A with the word or phrase in Column B that means the same. Write the letter on the line following the word in Column A. Column A 1. hard 2. relaxed 3. common 4. boring 5. either 6. bake 7. dangerous 8. quick 9. expensive Column B a. usual b.
difficult c. one of two things d. not slow e. not safe f. not cheap g. calm h. cook in the oven i. not interesting Questions The asterisk(*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text. 1. 2. 3. 4. *5. *6. Which jobs in the United States have the highest salaries? Which jobs have the lowest salaries? What are some common benefits
that employers give employees? Where can you find the salaries of different jobs? Why do you think cooks and waiters get low salaries? How much is a person with a salary of $20,000 plus benefits really earning? *7. What is the difference between a job and a profession? *8. Why do some people think that their salary is private information? 154 Unit
5: Work and Leisure [e::: Comprehension: Multiple Choice Put a circle around the letter of the best answer. 1. Paid vacation is __ c. a kind of benefit a. a profession d. for employers only b. a kind of overtime 2. The money you earn at a job is your __ c. insurance a. Internet b. salary d. employer from your employer. 3.
You get c. employees a. a profession b. a waiter d. benefits 4. Benefits equal about __ of an employee's salary. a.
half c. 25% b. 10% d. 30% 5. It takes a long time to become __ a. an employee c.
a waiter b. a pilot d. a cook in a fast-food restaurant f Main Idea Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. Salary and benefits vary from one job to another. 2. Health insurance is one type of benefit. 3. It takes a long time to become a doctor, dentist, or pilot. Lesson 2: Salaries 155 Family-Friendly Companies lesson 3 Country Time off for the Birth of a Child Finland 105 days of paid time off for mothers 42 days of paid time off for fathers Japan 14 weeks
unpaid time off for mothers United States 12 weeks of unpaid time off for mothers Before You Read Look at the picture and the chart. Read the sentences. Check (/') True, False, or Don't Know. 156 True False Don't Know 1. All countries give paid time off at the birth of a child. D D D 2.
In Finland, fathers get paid time off at the birth of a child. D D D 3. Most companies are familyfriendly. D D D Unit 5: Work and Leisure 3 Family-Friendly Companies In many families today, both the mother and the father have jobs outside the home. This can make it difficult to take care of the children. To help, some companies are changing the work
rules. These companies are trying to be more family-friendly. What are companies doing to become family​ friendly? Many companies are allowing their employees to work flexible hours. With flexible hours, or flextime, people can work full time, but they don't have to work a nine-to-five schedule. Some employees choose to come in early and leave
early. Some employees choose to work ten hours one day and six hours the next. Most companies say that flexible hours increase productivity. In the United States, about one-third of full-time employees have flexible work schedules. Family-friendly companies also allow two employees to share one job. Each employee does half the job and gets half
the salary. In the United States, 27% of companies offer some kind of job sharing. Many family-friendly companies also give paid leave to both parents when a baby is born. In many countries, employers have to give female workers time off before and after the birth of a child. In the United States, for example, female employees get 12 weeks of unpaid
time off. New mothers can stay at home, but they don't get their salary.
In some countries, employers have to give all workers paid leave for the birth of a child. In Finland, for example, both male and female employees get paid leave. Women get 105 days of paid leave and men get 42! The way people work is changing. For many people, that is a good thing. Lesson 3: Family-Friendly Companies time off from a job that is
not vacation or sick days time not at work • 157 [aj Vocabulary Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text. allowing choose female flexible full time increase time off comparues rules share schedule unpaid leave become male 1. Many companies are _______ their employees to work _______ hours. 2. Most companies say that
flexible hours _______ productivity.
3. Family-friendly companies also allow two employees to ______ one job. 4. To help, some companies are changing the work _______ 5. With flexible hours, people can work -------, but they don't have to work a nine-to-five _______ 6. In many countries, employers have to give ________ workers _______ before and after the birth of a child. 7. In Finland, for
example, both _______ and female employees get paid leave. 8. In the United States, for e;>