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Lecture 1-2

Structural steel is manufactured in grades based on yield strength. Grade S275 is most commonly used. Steel is produced in rolled and formed sections like I-beams, channels, and angles. Compound sections are made by combining rolled sections. Built-up sections like plate girders are made by welding plates. Cold-rolled sections are thin steel plates formed into shapes like zeds. The cross-sectional properties of steel members include dimensions, area, moments of inertia, and radii of gyration.

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Franc Gidion
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29 views

Lecture 1-2

Structural steel is manufactured in grades based on yield strength. Grade S275 is most commonly used. Steel is produced in rolled and formed sections like I-beams, channels, and angles. Compound sections are made by combining rolled sections. Built-up sections like plate girders are made by welding plates. Cold-rolled sections are thin steel plates formed into shapes like zeds. The cross-sectional properties of steel members include dimensions, area, moments of inertia, and radii of gyration.

Uploaded by

Franc Gidion
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 1.

Structural Steel Work


STEEL SECTIONS
Structural Steel Sections

Structural steel is manufactured in three


basic grades: S275, S355 and S460. Grade
S460 is the strongest, but the lower strength
grade S275 is the most commonly used in
structural applications, for reasons that will
later become apparent. In this classification
system ‘S’ stands for structural and the
number indicates the yield strength of the
material in N/mm2
 Rolled and formed sections
 Compound sections
 Built-up sections
 Cold-rolled open sections General
Principles and terms defined
 ShapesStandard sections
1. I-Beams
2. H-Columns
3. Joists
4. Angles
5. Channels
6. Tees
Rolled and formed sections
Rolled and formed sections are produced in
steel mills from steel blooms, beam
blanks or coils by passing them through a
series of rollers.
The main sections and their principal
properties and uses are discussed briefly
below:

(1) Universal beams: These are very efficient


sections for resisting bending
moment about the major axis.
(2) Universal columns:
These are sections produced primarily to resist axial
load with a high radius of gyration about the minor
axis to prevent buckling in that plane.

(3) Channels:
These are used for beams, bracing members, truss
members and in compound members.
(4) Equal and unequal angles: These are used
for bracing members, truss members and for
purlins, side and sheeting rails.
(5) Structural tees: The sections shown are
produced by cutting a universal beam or column
into two parts. Tees are used for truss members,
ties and light beams.
(6) Circular, square and rectangular
hollow sections:
 These are mostly produced from hot-rolled coils, and
may be hot-finished or cold-formed.
 The st e e l tubes are used as columns and
compression members and in some cases it also
acts as a tension member in tubular trusses.
 The steel tubes are efficient structural sections to
be used as compressive members.
 Steel tube sections have equal radius of gyration in
all directions.
Rolled and formed sections
Rolled and formed sections
Compound sections
Compound sections are formed by the following
means:
(1) strengthening a rolled section such as a
universal beam by welding on cover plates,
(2) combining two separate rolled sections, as
in the case of the crane girder. The two
members carry loads from separate directions.
(3) connecting two members together to form a
strong combined member.
Compound sections
Compound sections
Built-up sections
Built-up sections
Built-up sections are made by welding plates
together to form I, H or box members which
are termed plate girders, built-up columns, box
girders or columns, respectively. These
members are used where heavy loads have to
be carried and in the case of plate and box
girders where long spans may be required.
Cold-rolled open sections
Thin steel plates can be formed into a wide
range of sections by cold rolling.
The most important uses for cold-rolled open
sections in steel structures are for purlins, side
and sheeting rails. Three common sections-
the zed, sigma and lipped channel.
Cold-rolled open sections
Shapes of steel sections
 The cross sectional properties of a steel
member are identified by its shape.
 The various names given to the members of
different shapes are Angles ; T-section; I-
section; Z-section; Channel; H-section and so
on .
 Each shape has its particular use in steel
structures.
ROLLED STEEL SHAPES

ANGLE SECTIONS
ANGLE SECTIONS

 Used especially in the construction of steel


roof trusses and filler joist floors.
 May be of equal or unequal legs.
ANGLE SECTIONS
ROLLED STEEL SHAPES

CHANNELS
CHANNELS
CHANNELS
 Types:
ROLLED STEEL SHAPES

T-SECTIONS
T-SECTIONS
T-SECTIONS
 Types:
ROLLED STEEL SHAPES

I-SECTIONS
I a n d H - SECTION
I - SECTION
 Types :
SHAPES OF STEEL STRUCTURE

STEEL TUBES
Section properties
For a given member serial size, the section properties
are:
(1) the exact section dimensions;
(2) the location of the centroid if the section is
asymmetrical about one or both axes;
(3) area of cross-section;
(4) moments of inertia about various axes;
(5) radii of gyration about various axes;
(6) moduli of section for various axes, both elastic and
plastic.

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