British Settlement at Calcutta

BRITISH SETTLEMENT AT CALCUTTA
ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE
(1690-1727)
Geographical location
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1690 On 24 August 1690
Job Charnock with
• Company Agent 30 Soldiers landed
• Founder of Calcutta ⬇️
Sutanuti
There were three large

villages along the east bank
Job Charnock of the river Ganges, named,
Sutanuti, Gobindapur and
Kalikata. These three villages
were bought by the British
from the local land lords
Why Sutanuti was selected as the
primary residential place by job ?
Out of Sutanuti, Kalikata and Gabindapur, Job
Charnock favoured Sutanuti as a settlement
because of the security of the location.
It was protected by the Ganges river on the west

and by impassable marshes on the east or salt lake
On the north, there was Circular canal and the

south was protected by Adi ganga, now called the
Tolly Nallah on which Kalighat was there
The Mughal emperor granted East India
Company freedom of trade in return for a
yearly payment of 3,000 rupees.
In January 1692 Job charnock

Died
Job Charnock establishing the Trading post 1690.

Calcutta
Where are Sutanuti, Kalikata and Gabindapur today in Kolkata
Sutanuti today: It today is in the area with the
Circular Canal on the north and the Howrah
Bridge on the south, along the Ganga. On the
west of course was the Ganga and on the east
it included Shyambazar, Bagbazaar etc.
Kalikata today: It was the area from the

Howrah Bridge to the Fort Williams along the
Ganges on the west. Today it would include
BBD Bag, Chowringhee, Park Street, Maidan,
Race Course etc.
Gabindapur today: Appears like it was where

Alipur, Khidirpur, Kalighat are today,
Use Map
There is much discussion about the origin of
the name
The name came into being when Job Charnock asked a farmer the
name of the area around Hooghly River.
The farmer misunderstood due to language problems and thought

that he was referring as to when he harvested his paddy.
He proudly replied “Kal Kaata hoe chhilo” meaning “I cut it yesterday.”
Job Charnock thought that the name of the place is Calcutta
Some say the city’s name derives from the location of its original
settlement on the bank of a canal (khal).
Another theory is that the name derives from Kalighat.

The most accepted view is that it comes from the Hindu
goddess Kali and the original name was KaliKshetra, “the place
of Kali”.
1696:- Fort William was started Built
Fort Name was on th king William III

of England
The original Fort William was built in

1696 by the British East India
Company, and it was rebuilt by
Robert Clive after the Battle of
Plassey in 1758.
East India company Obtained Zamindari Rights of Three Village
⬇️
1698 Fo Annual Revenue of 1195 Rupees
From
⬇️
Grandson of Aurangzeb
⬇️
Prince Azimushanshan :- He was the subedar
of Bengal at that time
Calcutta was declared a Presidency

So, Calcutta Need President/Governor and Council
1699 ⬇️
President/Governor and Council was appointed to administer the Calcutta
Presidency
1702:- Fort was
Completed
⬇️
Fort William administer
Calcutta Presidency
Administration of justice in Calcutta/Fort William
Having Acquired the Zamindari Rights from the

Moghuls
The Company Function of a Zamindar
⬇️
• Under the Moghuls Rule
1698 • Zamindar of Bengal were empowered to
1. Collect land Revenue
2. Maintain Law and Order
In their zamindari/territory
JUDICIAL SYSTEM
• Head of the kazi Court:- kazi

Kazi Court • Kazi Court handled civil and criminal
Were established in matters
each • Kazi Never got salary
District,Paraganh& • So kazi Court fined the criminal earned
Village money
• Justice was Purchased
• Corruption
Moghul king never paid any attention to judicial system that time nothing was organised
Zamindar Court
• Zamindar Court called

Cutcherry
• Decide Civil cases
• Appeal from this Court
lay to the Nawab Court
at Murshidabad
• Capital Punishment
could be awarded by
the Zamindar Court but
Need Confirmation by
the Nawab Court
In The East India Company appointed and English
1700 member of the Governor Council as
Collector
• Collector Empowered to
• Collect Revenue
• Decide Civil, Criminal
• Revenue cases
Collector:- Maintained Criminal Court
⬇️
For Administration of Criminal Justice
Collector:- tried Petty • Trial held in court without use of jury
crime • Punishment awarded by this court
1. Whipping
Governor and Council:- 2. Imprisonment
Criminal
tried serious offences cases
3. Fine
Work on road
Appeal from collector Death sentence could also be awarded not by

Court lay to Governor hanging but whipping or lashing (kora lagana)
and Council Court
Use hindu custom, Muslim Custom, convention and
English law in Judicial Process
Collector decide civil cases in his
Court Cutcherry
For Execution of death sentence required
confirmation by governor/President and Council
Case upto Rupees 20 Decided by Panchayat
Case upto Rupees 100 Decided by Cutcherry
Case more than Rupees 100 Decided by Governor

This System and Council
Continued till
1727 Collector was also empower to settle revenue
cases ,dispute related land
CONCLUSIO
N
The administration of justice in the settlement of East India Company before 1726 was excutive oriented
there was no separation between the executive and the Judiciary and the executive overriding power to
appoint or remove the judges
Judiciary was subordinate to executive
Same situation exist in all the settlement of company:-

• Surat
• Madras
• Bombay
• Calcutta
Judges were do not have adequate knowledge of law
Though by the end of 17th century and effort was made to induct a person well versed in law as the judge
advocate in Madras and Bombay
British settlement at Calcutta

British Settlement at Calcutta

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BRITISH SETTLEMENT AT CALCUTTA

There were three large

It was protected by the Ganges river on the west

On the north, there was Circular canal and the

In January 1692 Job charnock

Job Charnock establishing the Trading post 1690.

Kalikata today: It was the area from the

Gabindapur today: Appears like it was where

The farmer misunderstood due to language problems and thought

He proudly replied “Kal Kaata hoe chhilo” meaning “I cut it yesterday.”

Job Charnock thought that the name of the place is Calcutta

Another theory is that the name derives from Kalighat.

Fort Name was on th king William III

The original Fort William was built in

Calcutta was declared a Presidency

Having Acquired the Zamindari Rights from the

• Head of the kazi Court:- kazi

• Zamindar Court called

Appeal from collector Death sentence could also be awarded not by

Case upto Rupees 100 Decided by Cutcherry

Case more than Rupees 100 Decided by Governor

Judiciary was subordinate to executive

Same situation exist in all the settlement of company:-

Judges were do not have adequate knowledge of law

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