Mathematics Made Simple - A. Sperling & M. Stuart (1988)
Mathematics Made Simple - A. Sperling & M. Stuart (1988)
Mathematics Made Simple - A. Sperling & M. Stuart (1988)
Note: A regu]ar hexagon is a polygon with six equal sides and six equal angles.
The Iength of a side of a hexagon is equal to the radius of a circle circumscribing it.
Method: The radius of the circle is equal to AG. Starting at any point on the
circle and using the length of the radius as the distance, Jay off successive
points B, C, D, E, F on the circumference of the circle. Connect the points
with straight lines to obtain the required hexagon.
A
Each of the angles is called the complemeot of the other. Thus:
*
3. Ll = L5, L2 = Ll, and L3 = L5. What
is the relationship between: 2
(a) Ll and L3; (b) L2 and LS; 1
(c) L4 and L7?
A
6. In the accompanying figure the opposite Ls
are vert. Ls; Ll = 30° and L3 = 100°. Find the
remaining four angles.
7. In the same figure find the values of LA.OC, LAOD, LBOE, and LFOB.
8. How many degrees are there in: (a) f of a rt. L; (b) f rt. L; (c) l rt. L;
(d) i rt. L; (e)¼ rt. L?
9. Find the complement of: (a) 68°; (b) 45°; (c) 55° ; (d) 32 °; (e) 5°; (f) 33 ° 30'.
10. What is the supplement of: (a) 25°; (b) 125°; (c) 44°; (d) 88°; (e) 74° 30';
(f) 1s0 30'?
Parallel Lines
Postulates Concerning Parallels
A@>
0
<te
c:-----o
1. 1brougb a givea point ooly one Une can be drawn parallel to a given Une.
In the diagram the only 1ine that can be drawn Il to CD through point O is AB.
2. Two intersecting line9 cannot botb be paraUel to a tbird stralgbt Une.
3. Two straigbt line9 ln tbe same plane, If produœd, eitber wiU intersec:t or else
are pu'lllleL
De/initions
A transversal is a line that intersects two or more other lines.
Wben a transversal cuts two parallel or intersecting lines various angles are
formed. The names and relative positions of these angles are important. The
Geometry 145
relationship of angles as sbown in the following diagram sbould be memor
ized:
Ls 1, 2, 3, 4 are termed exterior angles.
Ls 5, 6, 7, 8 are termed interior angles.
Ls 1 and 4} { are pairs ofaltemateexterior
Ls 2 and 3 angles.
Ls 5 and 8} {are pairs ofaltemate interior
Ls 6 and 7
Ls 1 and 7} angles.
Ls 2 and 8 {are pairs of correspooding
Ls 5 and 3 angles.
Ls 6 and 4
lbeorem 1. If two straight /ines are parai/el to a third straight line, they are
parai/el to each other.
A--------8
C D
E F
Given: AB and EF I to CD.
To prove: AB D EF.
I
H AB is not to EF the two lines would intersect and they would then be two
intenectiug lines parallel to a third straigbt lille. But this is impossible according to
Parallel Postulate 2. Henœ AB must be parallel to EF.
If we take the rectangle ABCD we know that the opposite sides are parallel and
equal and that aU the angles are right angles. If we then draw the diagonal DB we
bave fonned two triangles, 6 DAB and 6 DCB.
In t,.s DAB and DCB we know AD= CB, AB= DC, and LA= LC. AB will
be shown in the section on triangles, when two sides and the included L of one 6 are
equal to Iwo sides and the included L of another, the two triangles are said to be
congruent. This meam that ail their corn:sponding sides and angles are equal. (ln
the diagram the corn:sponding sides and angles of each triangle are macked with
matcbed check marks.)