Fractions
Fractions
Fractions
Fractions
What is a Fraction?
• The meaning of the word ‘fraction’ is a part of the whole.
The whole may be a single object or a group of objects. All the parts must be equal.
Numerator N
• In Maths, a fraction is written in the form: =
Denominator D
• The ‘Denominator’ will tell how many parts of a whole are made. The ‘Numerator’ will
tell how many parts of these are considered.
1
For e.g. means 3 parts of the whole are made & one of it is considered.
3
• When the N & D are same the value of a fraction is one. It is a whole.
4 4
For e.g. means 4 parts out of 4 so = 1 (whole)
4 4
TYPES OF FRACTIONS :
PROPER - IMPROPER FRACTION
• When N < D, it is called a ’Proper fraction’. It is always less than one.
• When N > D it is called an ’Improper fraction’. It is always greater than 1.
MIXED FRACTION
• Improper fraction written in the form of a whole number and a proper fraction it is
called a ‘Mixed Fraction’.
1 5 1
For e.g. : proper fraction; : improper fraction; 1 : mixed fraction.
4 4 4
• When any fraction is multiplied or divided by the same number in the N & the D both.
We get an equivalent fraction.
1 2 2 4 2 2 1 2 4
For e.g. × = ÷ = . So, , , are all equivalent fractions.
3 2 6 12 2 6 3 6 12
Is this the same as finding equivalent fractions with same ‘D’ and add?
• Sometimes the denominators are multiples / factors of one another or some common
number. In such cases, we find the LCM of these denominators for simplifying the calcu-
lations.
7 5 7 + 15 22 11 3 2 9−4 5 1
e.g., + = = = ; − = = =
12 4 12 12 6 10 15 30 30 6
Multiplication of fractions:
• Multiply the Ns. of the two fractions to get the numerator of the product and the Ds.
to get the Denominator of the product.
2 3 6 1
For e.g. × = =
3 4 12 2
• Multiplication of a Fraction by a Whole Number
To multiply a whole number with a proper or an improper fraction, we multiply the whole
number with the numerator of the fraction, keeping the denominator same. To multiply a
mixed fraction to a whole number, first convert the mixed fraction to an improper fraction
and then multiply.
1 3×1 3 2 2×5
3× = = ×5= =?
2 2 2 3 3
5 2×5 10 8 7
2× = = 3 × =?4 × =?
3 3 3 7 5
5 19 57 1 2 22
3×2 =3× = =8 2×4 =2× =?
7 7 7 7 5 5
Division of fractions:
• Write the reciprocal of second fraction and multiply with the first fraction.
4 2 4 3
For e.g. ÷ = × = 2
3 3 3 2
Meaning of division: 10 ÷ 5
Divide ‘10’ in ‘5’ parts : Each part is = 2
OR
1
10 ÷ 5 = 10 × =2
5
Division by Fraction = Multiplication by its reciprocal
4 2 4 3
So, ÷ = × = 2
3 3 3 2
CAN WE SEE THAT
4 2
When we divide such that each part = , we get 2 parts
3 3
• Note that the final answer is always to be written in the lowest form
Classwork:
1. Find:
3 6 7 2 4 1 5
(a) + (b) + (c) − (d) 1 −
14 14 16 16 7 2 8
1 4 1 1 1 1 3
(e) 5 − 3 (f) 2 − 1 (g) 1 + 2 (h) 2 + 3
8 5 3 2 6 3 4
2. Calculate:
3 5 4 1 7 3 2
(a) × (b) × (c) ÷ (d) ÷4
4 6 7 2 12 4 3
2 3
3 1 5 1 1
(e) 2 ÷ (f) 1 ÷ (g) 2 (h) 1
4 2 8 3 2
3. In which of the following operations, the answer by using BODMAS and by not using
BODMAS is same?
(a) 3 × 4 + 5 (b) 3 × 4 ÷ 2 (c) 5 − 3 × 2 (d) 3 + 9 ÷ 3
4. Simplify the following
1 2 3 5 5 9
(a) + + − =? (b) + =?
2 3 4 12 8 21
5 28 9 18 1 1
(c) × × ×3 ÷ =? (d) 4 + × 1+ =?
7 15 8 4 4 3
−28 123 4 16 − 2 31
(e) × =? (f)
41 −105 7 18 + 6 34
3
5. If a number is 81 , find the number.
5
6. 4 fractions having equal denominators have their numerators as 2,4,5,1 respectively. If
the sum of the fractions is 4, find the denominator.
1 1 1
7. Simplify + − =?
24 × 50 50 × 26 26 × 24
3
8. What should be added to 5 to get 12?
7
1 2
9. Mihir eats th of a cheesecake and later eats th of the remaining cheesecake. What
4 5
fraction remains?
1 1 1 1
10. Let P = 1 + 1+ 1+ ··· 1 + . Report sum of the digits of P .
1 2 3 2020
Homework:
1 3
6. I deposit part of my salary in a bank. of the remaining amount is spent on
5 4
household expenses. Then Rs.500 remain me. What is my total salary?
Classwork :
Que no. Answer
9 9 1 3
1 (a) (b) (c) (d)
14 16 14 8
15 22 11 73
(e) (f) (g) (h)
8 15 3 12
5 2 7 1
2 (a) (b) (c) (d)
8 7 9 6
8 12 49 27
(e) (f) (g) (h)
3 5 9 8
3 (b)
3 59 17 4 44
4 (a) (b) (c) 1 (d) (e) (f)
2 56 3 5 333
5 135
6 3
7 0
46
8
7
9
9
20
10 5
Homework :
Que no. Answer
658 44 98
1 (a) − (b) (c) 2022 (d) −
285 5 75
31 26
(e) 49 (f) 2 (g) (h)
84 11
15
2
8
3 12
4 720
175 8
5 (a) (b) -18 (c) 48 (d)
118 5
6 2500
7 35
8 75
9 1500
10 4