DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF FREE WIRELESS INTERCOM SYSTEM

(Case study: Kampala International University)

Final Year Project Report Submitted to Kampala International University in Partial

Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree

of

Bachelor of Science in Telecommunications Engineering

BY

ENERST EDOZIE

1153 – 03144 – 00036

Email: [email protected]

Contact: +256 752302619 / +256 788897261

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES (SEAS)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL, TELECOM AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

JUNE 2019
 DECLARATION

I ENERST EDOZIE hereby declare that the material submitted in this final year project has
been compiled by me and it has never been published or submitted to any other university or
institution of higher learning for the purpose of meeting any academic requirement.

ENERST EDOZIE

1153-03144-00036

Signature…………………………… Date………………………………………….

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 APPROVAL
We have read and hereby recommend this Final Year Project entitled “Design and
Implementation of free Wireless Intercom System” for acceptance by Kampala International
University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of
Science in Telecommunication Engineering of Kampala International University.

Sign: …………………………………... Date: ………………………………………………

Mr. Ibrahim Adabara

Supervisor

Sign: …………………………………... Date: ………………………………………………

Mr. Anthony Itodo Ejeh

Supervisor

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 DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God, my dear parents, uncle, brothers, sisters and friends
who stood with me in every aspect and supported me in one way or another to see that this final
year project was successful. Despite the challenges faced, they have always given me courage
and resilience to face them which has always motivated me to continue on to the very end.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, none of this would have been accomplished without God’s grace. I give glory to
God Almighty, for providence, his constant faithfulness and for successfully bringing this
project to a good completion.

I wish to extend my heartfelt gratitude to my Dad, Mom, Brother and Sisters. Thank you all for
always being there for me in everything that I have tried.
More thanks goes to my Project Supervisors Mr. Ibrahim Adabara, and Mr. Anthony Itodo
Ejeh for their professional guidance and constant support, and their valuable suggestions during
this whole journey. Also to my Head of department (HOD) madam Zaina, the head of TLC Mr.
Ibrahim Adabara for his advice during the first step of this project and other lecturers who gave
me ideas, technical support and spared their time to ensure my success in coming up with this
project. God Bless you all.

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 TABLE OF CONTENS
DECLARATION................................................................................................................. i
APPROVAL .......................................................................................................................ii
DEDICATION ................................................................................................................. iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT................................................................................................. iv
TABLE OF CONTENS...................................................................................................... v
LIST OF ACRONYMS ....................................................................................................vii
LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................ viii
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... ix

CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................... 1

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1
1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Background ................................................................................................................ 1
1.3 Objectives ................................................................................................................... 2
1.3.1 General Objective .................................................................................................... 2
1.4 Research questions ....................................................................................................... 2
1.5 Significance of the study ............................................................................................ 2
1.6 Scope of the study ...................................................................................................... 2
1.6.1 Content scope ............................................................................................................ 2
1.6.3 Time scope .............................................................................................................. 3

CHAPTER TWO .............................................................................................................. 4

LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................ 4
2.0 Intercom System ......................................................................................................... 4
2.1 Wired Intercoms ......................................................................................................... 4
2.2 Wireless Intercoms ..................................................................................................... 5
2.3 Wireless Communication Principles .......................................................................... 5
2.4 History ........................................................................................................................ 7
2.5 Voice Coding .............................................................................................................. 9
2.6 Previous Projects ........................................................................................................ 9

CHAPTER THREE ....................................................................................................... 11

METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................... 11
3.0 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 11

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3.1 The Design of free wireless intercom System .......................................................... 11
3.2 WORKING Principles .............................................................................................. 12
3.3 HARDWARE Resources ......................................................................................... 13
3.3.1 Wireless Router ..................................................................................................... 13
3.3.2 Computer (Desktop or Laptop) ............................................................................. 13
3.4 SOFTWARE Resources ........................................................................................... 14
3.4.1 Asterisk:................................................................................................................. 14
3.4.2 LINUX Operating System ..................................................................................... 16
3.4.3 Softphone............................................................................................................... 17
3.5 Implementation ......................................................................................................... 17
3.5.1 Configurations ....................................................................................................... 17
3.5.2 Codes ..................................................................................................................... 18
3.5.3 Creating a Dial Plan .............................................................................................. 21
3.5.4 Server logs ......................................................................................................... 22
3.5.5 Experimental setup ................................................................................................ 24

CHAPTER FOUR .......................................................................................................... 25

4.1 Result .......................................................................................................................... 26
4.2 Experimental results ................................................................................................. 27

CHAPTER FIVE ............................................................................................................ 29

5.0 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 30
5.1 Recommendation ....................................................................................................... 30
5.2 Future scope .............................................................................................................. 30
REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 31

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 LIST OF ACRONYMS
2G 2nd Generation
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
DSL Digital Subscriber Line
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
IP Internet Protocol
IVR Interactive Voice Response
LAN Local Area Network
LTE Long Term Evolution
PABX Private Automatic Branch Exchange
PBX Private Branch Exchange
PC Personal Computer
PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect
POTS Plain Old Telephone System
PSTN Public Switched Telephone System
SIP Session Initiation Protocol
SIP-T Session Initiation Protocol for Telephones
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
WAP Wireless Access Protocol
WAN Wide Area Network
WPA Wi-Fi Protected Access
WIFI Wireless Fidelity
P2P Peer to peer

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.0 Block of the previous ……………………………………………………………….10

Figure 1.1 Block diagram of the system…………………………….……….…………………12

Figure 1.2 The users configuration …………………………………………………….………..21

Figure 1.3 Dial plan configuration ……………………………………………………………....22

Figure 1.4 Root login page (enter the password created during installation)…………..……23

Figure 1.5 Online and offline users………………………………………………………………24

Figure 1.6 The Network IP address…………………….……………….…………………….….25

Figure 1.7 Computer and VirtualBox IP address……..…………………………………..…….25

Figure 1.8 Incoming and Received call…………………………………………………………..26

Figure 1.9 When number is dialed, ringing or received…………..……………………………28

Figure 2.0 Softphone keypad and call status………………………………………..………..….29

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 ABSTRACT
In modern technology, wireless communication is widespread and it started to be used in
everyday life, for example, Wireless phone charger, home automation systems, etc. widely use
wireless communication. People want smart systems to make their life easy, and I want to
discard the cables that limit our mobility.
The purpose of this project is to design and implement a free intercom system that uses WIFI
in p2p (Peer-to- Peer) or WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) as a means of communication
between mobile phones, computers (soft phones), and IP phones at no cost. The system will
allow users to make voice, Video, and text message conversation. As this system uses internet
protocol, the voice data can be send easily on the network between sources to destination. The
switching method used is packet switching. In this paper it shown how the voice packet data
will be send from source to destination using Asterisk based server and WIFI based clients. As
the communication is real-time the session initiation protocol (SIP) is used and some
parameters such as packet sending and receiving, jitter and bandwidth utilization will be
monitored in the server.
The design provides a solution that eliminates the use of expensive hard-wired intercoms and
Private Automatic Branch Exchange (PABX) by making use of Asterisk and WIFI.
Keywords: GSM (phone), IP, WIFI, p2p, WLAN, Asterisk.

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 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 Introduction

This project presents the design of free wireless Intercom system.

This is an idea of the wireless communication between two smartphones or a smartphone and
a telephone module or softphone. In this system, it is used for the reservation of
venue/location/time like seminar halls, auditoriums, etc. using Wi-Fi call without using internet
and network service providers. This system makes the communication within the organization
area at free cost.

1.1 Background

The asterisk is the software design for the communication of voice over the internet protocol.
This technology is worldwide used in the companies for their internal voice communications.
Here the Asterisk is the software used as a backbone for the voice communication. This
software is installed on Linux server or any other operating system. This system is the
replacement of the old EPABX system which uses wires and the switching hardware. But
because of the Internet protocol the IP based private branch exchange having more advantages
over the Electronics private branch exchange [3]. Also WIFI communication will be there to
distribute wireless in the house or office intercom system [1]. This is client server, in this server
I have the Linux, Asterisk and the clients will be desktop or mobile phones. In desktop the
system the software will be X-lite or Zoiper which is very popular SIP client by counter path
organization. In mobile there are so many SIP apps available. Example Zoiper, X-lite etc. I can
use any VoIP softphone in the mobiles. Asterisk supports audio protocols such as SIP which is
Session Initiation Protocol used for the audio communication. This package consists of several
features such as Call Waiting, Caller ID, Call Transfer, voice call, blacklist, voicemail,
recording, interactive voice response, ringing tones, etc.

SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) is a protocol used in VoIP communications allowing users to
make voice and video calls, mostly for free and it is a major signaling protocol used in voice
over IP [5]. SIP is a protocol that initiates and manages interactive user sessions involving
voice, video, instant messaging, and other such multimedia sessions. SIP works with voice over

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IP to integrate voice and data on a single network .SIP which is used to initiate, manage, and
terminate interactive sessions between one or more users over the Internet.
1.2 Statement of the Problem

The African countries are changing (developing) and therefore makes influence on technology
requirements. For this reason, I came up with the design of free wireless Intercom system, to
help making phone call within user office, home, business areas and in many other places at
zero cost, without physical connection between the caller and the receiver.

1.3 Objectives

The main objective is to designing a free wireless intercom system using Asterisk, WIFI and
softphone to establish call between the caller and the receiver within a WIFI range at zero cost
system.

1.3.1 General Objective

 To design a LAN server communicate system.

 To implement free wireless intercom system.
 To configure the system and generate numbers.

1.4 Research question

 How to design a LAN server communicate system.
 How to implement free wireless intercom system.
 How to configure and generate numbers for users.

1.5 Significance of the study

This system will be cost-effective, compact and easily maintainable system that solves the
problem of so many officers and other people in the world to use their mobile phones freely
during call process.

1.6 Scope of the study

1.6.1 Content scope

The system is to develop free WIFI call by using asterisk software and create configuration
files, to install Linux on computer and to install asterisk on Linux. To program the user
registration, the dial plan for calling and to test the calling on WIFI network using softphone.

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1.6.2 Geographical scope

The study will be conducted in Universities, hospitals, offices, homes, business areas etc.
around Uganda.

1.6.3 Time scope

This project is based on both theoretical and methodological data, thus it is approximated to
take a maximum of twelve (12) months.

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 CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Intercom System

In the past, the goal of telecom engineers is to provide better services at any cost. The costs
were being imposed on a customer. To this end, only the rich could afford these services. There
have been changes to this situation over the years. The industry is driving to the positive
direction where better services are being provided at very low cost to customers.

In addition, telecom companies have experienced a significant increase in number, which has
led to a high level of competition among them. At the same time, the number of customers has
also grown tremendously. Thus, there is need for better management of resources such as
optimization of the quality of the services. Trade-offs need to be made between costs, quality,
and priorities. There are currently systems like Whatsapp, Imo, Facebook, Telegram, VOIP,
etc. which are useful for low cost communication. For using these services we need to have
access to internet connection. It could be a costly affair for small companies. Installation and
maintenance of wired LAN is long and costly affair.

In early days of voice transfer PSTN networks were used. These consisted of Private Branch
Exchange office owned by service providers. Wired LAN was later employed to transfer voice
and video over local area network. As it was wired systems connected though it lacked
mobility. Also configuring LAN required time. Wires need to be setup to individual-PCs.
Troubleshooting and maintaining this type of network was great trouble. Also topology like
star could bring whole network down if central hub fails. In the LAN applications fiber lines
mostly serve the backbone to interconnect servers and other high-speed elements of the local
networks.

Comparatively installation of WIFI is simple and quicker. Maintenance required is also less. It
is also easier to troubleshoot. Hence I came up with a free wireless telephony system for audio
and video calls. The motive behind this system is to enable the cost effective for voice and
video communication. Also there is no need for internet connection for working of this system.

2.1 Wired Intercoms

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Every intercom product line is different, most analogue intercom systems have much in
common. Voice signals of about a volt or two are carried a direct current power rail of 9V,
12V, 24V, 30V or 48V which uses a pair of conductors. Signal light indications between
stations can be accomplished through the use of additional conductors or can be carried on the
main voice pair via tone frequencies sent above or below the speech frequency range. Multiple
channels of simultaneous conversations can be carried over additional conductors within a
cable or by frequency- or time-division multiplexing in the analogue domain. Multiple channels
can easily be carried by packet-switched digital intercom signals. Portable intercoms are
connected primarily using common shielded, twisted pair microphone cabling. Building and
vehicle intercoms are connected in a similar manner with shielded cabling often containing
more than one twisted pair.

Some digital intercoms use Category 5 cable and relay information back and forth in data
packets using the Internet protocol architecture.
Most of the time, it is hard to install an intercom system through a building or apartment,
because of the cabling effort.

2.2 Wireless Intercoms

For installations where it is not desirable or possible to run wires to support an intercom system,
wireless intercom systems are available. There are two major benefits of a wireless intercom
system over the traditional wired intercom.
The first is that installation is much easier since no wires have to be run between intercom
units. The second is that you can easily move the units at any time. With that convenience and
ease of installation comes a risk of interference from other wireless and electrical devices.
Nearby wireless devices such as cordless telephones, wireless data networks, and remote audio
speakers can interfere. Electrical devices such as motors, lighting fixtures and transformers can
cause noise. There may be concerns about privacy since conversations may be picked up on a
scanner, baby monitor, cordless phone, or a similar device on the same frequency. Asterisk free
wireless intercoms can reduce or eliminate privacy risks, while placement, installation,
construction, grounding and shielding methods can reduce or eliminate the detrimental effects
of external interference.

2.3 Wireless Communication Principles

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The term “wireless” is normally used to refer to any type of electrical or electronic operation
which is accomplished without the use of a "hard wired" connection. Wireless communication
is the transfer of information over a distance without the use of electrical conductors or "wires".
The distances involved may be short (a few meters as in television remote control) or very long
(thousands or even millions of kilometers for radio communications). When the context is clear
the term is often simply shortened to "wireless". Wireless communications is generally
considered to be a branch of telecommunications.

It encompasses various types of fixed, mobile, and portable two way radios, cellular telephones,
personal digital assistants (PDAs), and wireless networking. Other examples of wireless
technology include GPS units, garage door openers and or garage doors, wireless computer
mice and keyboards, satellite television and cordless telephones.

The term "wireless" has become a generic and all-encompassing word used to describe
communications in which electromagnetic waves or RF (rather than some form of wire) carry
a signal over part or the entire communication path.

Wireless communication may be implemented via:

 Radio frequency (RF) communication,
 Microwave communication, for example long-range line-of-sight via highly directional
antennas, or short-range communication, or
 Infrared (IR) short-range communication, for example from remote controls.

A wireless communication system deals with two directions, a transmitting direction and a
receiving direction. Normally, the size of the antenna must be as large as one fourth of the
wavelength of the signal to be transmitted or received to get enough efficiency. For this reason,
the original signal (normally the voice) with a large wavelength must be transferred to a higher
frequency (smaller wavelength) to downsize the antenna. At the transmitting end, the original
signal is imposed on a locally generated radio frequency (RF) signal called a carrier. This
process is called modulation.

This carrier signal, along with the information signal imposed on it, is then radiated by the
antenna. At the receiving end, the signal is picked up by another antenna and fed into a receiver
where the desired carrier with the imposed information signal is selected from among all of the
other signals impinging on the antenna. The information signal (e.g., voice) is then extracted
from the carrier in a process referred to as demodulation.
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The propagation of the signal in free space is not fluent. There may be some negative influence
to the received signal. First, the signal becomes weaker and weaker during the propagation.
Second, interference from some noise will distort the information signal; And then, some
propagation mechanisms such as reflection, diffraction and scattering, will distort the
information signal too. It is even worse in mobile systems -- where one or both of the terminals
(transmitters and receivers) can move about -- due to an environment that changes dynamically
from moment to moment. To get rid of these problems, we need more precise models to
describe the propagation, and more modulation technology to avoid distortion.

2.4 History

The term "Wireless" came into public use to refer to a radio receiver or transceiver (a dual
purpose receiver and transmitter device), establishing its usage in the field of wireless
telegraphy early on; now the term is used to describe modern wireless connections such as in
cellular networks and wireless broadband Internet. It is also used in a general sense to refer to
any type of operation that is implemented without the use of wires, such as "wireless remote
control", "wireless energy transfer", etc. regardless of the specific technology (e.g., radio,
infrared, ultrasonic, etc.) that is used to accomplish the operation.

Digital Wireless Communication

Digital describes electronic technology that generates, stores, and processes data in terms of
two states: positive and non-positive. Positive is expressed or represented by the number 1 (ON
state) and non-positive by the number 0 (OFF state). Thus, data transmitted or stored with
digital technology is expressed as a string of 0's and 1's. Each of these state digits is referred to
as a bit (and a string of bits that a computer can address individually as a group is a byte).

The modulation techniques of digital wireless signal are more complicated than those of analog
signals. There are a lot of modulation techniques. Following is just a small list of them:

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 Spread Spectrum Modulation Techniques:
DS-SS: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
FH-SS: Frequency Hopped Spread Spectrum
Linear Modulation Techniques:
BPSK: Binary Phase Shift Keying
QPSK: Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
DPSK: Differential Phase Shift Keying

Combined Linear and Constant Envelope Modulation Techniques:

MFSK: M-ary Frequency Shift Keying
MPSK: M-ary Phase Shift Keying
QAM: M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

Constant Envelope Modulation Techniques:

BFSK: Binary Frequency Shift Keying
GMSK: Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying
MSK: Minimum Shift Keying

When wireless applications, such as mobile phones, were initially introduced into society, they
were based on analog technology, as the prime service was voice. Analog was a suitable means,
capable of delivering the service. However, the requirements & expectations of the current
consumer often exceed this service to include data as well. Thus the market is being driven to
satisfy the requirements of data & voice, which can be more adequately delivered by digital
technologies. Most consumers prefer digital to analog because of its superior performance &
service providers are embracing digital technologies as well. By examination of the various
advertising media nowadays, one can see that they are attempting to convince their clients
using analog to convert to digital. In a way, analog can be looked on as a predecessor to digital
in the field of wireless technologies.

Some advantages of digital wireless communication over analog:

 It economizes on bandwidth.
 It allows easy integration with personal communication systems (PCS) devices.
 It maintains superior quality of voice transmission over long distances.
 It is difficult to decode.
 It can use lower average transmitter power.
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  It enables smaller and less expensive individual receivers and transmitters.
 It offers voice privacy.

2.5 Voice Coding

Digital audio uses digital signals for sound reproduction. This includes analog-to-digital
conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, storage, and transmission.

Digital audio has emerged because of its usefulness in the recording, manipulation, mass-
production, and distribution of sound. Modern distribution of music across the internet through
on-line stores depends on digital recording and digital compression algorithms. Distribution of
audio as data files rather than as physical objects has significantly reduced costs of distribution.

The objective of speech is communication whether face-to-face or cell phone to cell phone. To
fit a transmission channel or storage space, speech signals are converted to formats using
various techniques. This is called speech coding or compression. To improve the efficiency of
transmission and storage, reduce cost, increase security and robustness in transmission, speech
coding attempts to achieve toll quality performance at a minimum bit rate.

2.6 Previous Projects

Most of the research previously done has been focused on providing communication
explanation for businesses and other establishments consuming several different systems and
only few actually utilizes asterisk as the telephony switching PBX. Hence, one of the existing
structure is identical to the proposed result. The similar project was done by Miss.Pramila. B.
Bamnote (M.E(Electronics),RAIT, Mumbai University, India) in the year 2016, her aim is
introduce of VoIP and implementation of WIFI based intercom system using ARM11. Her
project is cheap to use, but not completely free, because the clients must use internet. The block
diagram of her project is shown below.

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Figure 1.0 Block of the previous
project

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 CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY

3.0 Introduction

The server will be Linux based computer system. In this minimum AMD system with Asterisk
version 1.4.x, Linux kernel 2.4 and above, min 512 MB RAM, and 80GB hard disk is used.
The client will be any laptop or mobile handset.

3.1 The Design of free wireless intercom System

In this project, I used Linux OS (operating system). As in windows7, 8, or 10 I can’t install

asterisk directly, a Linux OS is flexible in installing asterisk. This product is largely composed
of software packages distributed under free software license and source code. To open asterisk
Linux commands are necessary and useful. To copy files or to change directories etc., I used
Linux commands in asterisk. I installed Linux operating system first, which can be flexible and
act as an operating system for installing of asterisk. Asterisk can run a number of operation
systems.
Linux is the only officially supported OS.
Asterisk supports most SIP telephones, acting both as registrar and back-to-back user agent,
and can serve as a gateway between IP phones and the public switched telephone network. So
after installing asterisk we have to login to Linux machine as the root user.

The Basic block diagram of the free wireless intercom system is as shown below. In the
diagram, the server is connected to users using WIFI and give IP address to the users.

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 Figure 1.1 Block diagram of the system

The first thing to do is to create a configuration file in sip.conf which can register a device with
asterisk. In sip.conf I created very simple configuration file that allows the SIP phones to
connect with asterisk. Dial plan applications are used in extension. conf to define the various
actions that can be applied to call. Calls come in on channels and are then handed to the
“extensions.conf” file. Dial plan contains logical sections of matches called ‘Contexts,’ and
each channel sends a call into the dial plan with a context name and a dialed number. The dial
plan then matches the number being dialed, and runs applications accordingly. Each match on
the dialed number has an order of steps called ‘Priorities’, and are indicated with an integral
incrementing number. Asterisk.conf configuration shows how asterisk runs as a whole. After
creating all the above information now the users are ready to make a call, I opened the root
firstly, make the system to connect to the Wireless LAN. To see whether it is pinging or not. I
typed ifconfig to see the server IP, I gave the mobile softphone the same IP to connect asterisk
server.

3.2 WORKING Principles

In the server I created users having username and password with a number
(Example 1000, 1111, 3332, 1003, 1004 even 2018 or 2020…..)
When the server is connected to the WI-FI the smart phone app get connected to server via WI-
FI.
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This client and server systems will get the IP address from WI-FI access point.
All are now in the network and the service of the asterisk server will start in the system.
Now the call can be establish in the WI-FI network.

3.3 HARDWARE Resources

3.3.1 Wireless Router
A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks.
Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet. A data packet is typically
forwarded from one router to another router through the networks that constitute the
internetwork until it reaches its destination node. A router is connected to two or more data
lines from different networks. When a data packet comes in on one of the lines, the router reads
the address information in the packet to determine the ultimate destination. Then, using
information in its routing table or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its
journey. This creates an overlay internetwork.
D-Link WIFI router is the corporate name of a designer and manufacturer of networking,
broadband, digital, voice and data communications solutions. The company offers consumer
devices in addition to providing network connectivity solutions to small and medium-sized
business. The company's products and services include networking solutions for wireless
bridging, network storage, cable and DSL modems, PoE adapters, network adapters, routers
and more. D-Link was founded in 1986.

3.3.2 Computer (Desktop or Laptop)

A computer is an electronic device that processes data, into meaningful information that is
useful to people. It is an electronic device that accepts input, processes it, stores data, and
produces output. Or an advanced electronic device that accepts input, processes it, stores data,
and produces output.

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Basic Functions

 Accepts data (input): Receives data from outside (input device) for processing.
 Process data (Processing): Performs operations or manipulations on data particularly
numerical data.
 Produce output (output) Produces data from within for external use.
 Stores results (Storage): Holds data internally before, during and after processing.
Hard disks, CD-ROM, DVD ROM, Tapes and others.

3.4 SOFTWARE Resources

3.4.1 Asterisk:
Asterisk is basically a telephony toolkit enabling developers to create numerous types of
applications that interface with telephone networks. The most obvious application is that of a
PBX. Asterisk can also be used as an IVR (Interactive Voice Response) system, for
teleconferences and as a voicemail system. Asterisk is, however, most commonly used to build
hybrid PBX systems that utilize modern PCI cards instead of banks of switches and relays, and
software instead of custom hardware. By using relatively simple PCI cards in a standard x86
computer system running on Linux, the cost to build a working system is greatly reduced as
compared to the often expensive and inflexible traditional PBX

Asterisk is also primarily developed on GNU/Linux for x/86. It is known to compile and run
on GNU/Linux, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, and Mac OS X Jaguar.

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FEATURES

Presence

Asterisk provides limited SIP presence support. SIP subscriptions are used to show
Online/Offline status. It’s limited in the way that you can’t see busy or away status. Presence
with full functionality can be implemented in Asterisk with a third party IM services called
Wildfire. The connection between these systems is a plugin called Asterisk-IM.

SIP proxy

Asterisk is not a SIP proxy. A SIP proxy handles call control on behalf of other user agents and
usually does not maintain state during a call and therefore is never the endpoint of a call.
Asterisk, as a server, is a SIP registrar and location server and also acts as a user agent endpoint
(soft phone).

Protocols

 Asterisk supports a wide array of different protocols:

 IAX
 H.323
 SIP
 MGCP (Media Gateway Control Protocol)
 SCCP (Skinny Client Control Protocol)

Management

Configuration in Asterisk is text based. This is fast and effective, but requires more knowledge
from staff.

Scalability
The number of users in Asterisk is not defined, but is thought to be CPU bound.

Community Support

Asterisk has been around for a long time, and has enormous support from the open source
community. It is the classical open source solution.

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Installation

 Need extensive Linux knowledge to get the system up and running with source install.
 No binary support
 Maintainers of package based Linux systems like (apt and yum) make’s is possible to
install and update the system with one simple command.
 Very good install documentation
 Easy to add phones.
 Username and password is the only requirement.

3.4.2 LINUX Operating System

Linux is the best-known and most-used open source operating system. As an operating system,
it is a software that sits underneath all of the other software on a computer, receiving requests
from those programs and relaying these requests to the computer’s hardware.

Linux is also a Unix-like, open source and community-developed operating system for
computers, servers, mainframes, mobile devices and embedded devices. It is supported on
almost every major computer platform including x86, ARM and SPARC, making it one of the
most widely supported operating systems.

For the purposes of this page, I used the term “Linux” to refer to the Linux kernel, but also the
set of programs, tools, and services that are typically bundled together with the Linux kernel to
provide all of the necessary components of a fully functional operating system. Some people,
particularly members of the Free Software Foundation, refer to this collection as GNU/Linux,
because many of the tools included are GNU components.

16
3.4.3 Softphone
A soft phone is a software program for making telephone calls over the Internet using a general
purpose computer, rather than using dedicated hardware. The soft phone can also be installed
on a piece of equipment such as a workstation, portable computer, tablet or even a cell phone
and allows the user to place and receive calls without requiring an actual telephone set. Often
a soft phone is designed to behave like a traditional telephone, sometimes appearing as an
image of a phone, with a display panel and buttons with which the user can interact. A soft
phone is usually used with a headset connected to the sound card of the PC, or with a USB
phone.

Zoiper
Zoiper is compatible with most VoIP service providers and PBXs. Enjoy free calls between
Zoiper users or combine our dialers with your favorite provider for the cheapest calls. Combine
multiple providers for the cheapest route to every destination.

3.5 Implementation
3.5.1 Configurations
Registering users with the Asterisk Server The “sip.conf” file contains parameters relating to
the configuration of sip client access to the Asterisk server. Clients must be configured in this
file before they can place or receive calls using the Asterisk server.

The following lines are to be written in the “sip.conf” file in the “/etc/asterisk”. The users
defined in this file are only allowed to connect to the Asterisk server using a Soft phone for
computers and smart phones. If a user is not declared here, he or she cannot be connected to
the server system and cannot place calls using the Asterisk server.

17
3.5.2 Codes
[hod-elect]
videosupport=yes
disallow=all
allow=g729
allow=gsm
type=friend
alwaysauthreject=yes
canreinvite=no
secret=mysps123
permit=192.168.56.101/255.255.255.0

[hod-civ]
videosupport=yes
disallow=all
allow=g729
allow=gsm
type=friend
alwaysauthreject=yes
canreinvite=no
secret=mysps123
permit=192.168.56.101/255.255.255.0

[hod-mec]
videosupport=yes
disallow=all
allow=g729
allow=gsm
type=friend
alwaysauthreject=yes
canreinvite=no
secret=mysps123
permit=192.168.56.101/255.255.255.0

18
[tlc-dept]
videosupport=yes
disallow=all
allow=g729
allow=gsm
type=friend
alwaysauthreject=yes
canreinvite=no
secret=mysps123
permit=192.168.56.101/255.255.255.0

[exam-room]
videosupport=yes
disallow=all
allow=g729
allow=gsm
type=friend
alwaysauthreject=yes
canreinvite=no
secret=mysps123
permit=192.168.56.101/255.255.255.0

[dean-office]
videosupport=yes
disallow=all
allow=g729
allow=gsm
type=friend
alwaysauthreject=yes
canreinvite=no
secret=mysps123
permit=192.168.56.101/255.255.255.0

19
[admin-office]
videosupport=yes
disallow=all
allow=g729
allow=gsm
type=friend
alwaysauthreject=yes
canreinvite=no
secret=mysps123
permit=192.168.56.101/255.255.255.0

[ict-office]
videosupport=yes
disallow=all
allow=g729
allow=gsm
type=friend
alwaysauthreject=yes
canreinvite=no
secret=mysps123
permit=192.168.56.101/255.255.255.0

[security-dept]
videosupport=yes
disallow=all
allow=g729
allow=gsm
type=friend
alwaysauthreject=yes
canreinvite=no
secret=mysps123
permit=192.168.56.101/255.255.255.0

20
 Figure 1.2 The users’ configuration

3.5.3 Creating a Dial Plan

After declaring the users, now comes the task of creating a dial plan which describes the call
flow and defines what actions will the Asterisk server performs when a specific number is
dialed by a user. The “extensions.conf” file lays out the dial plan, bringing channels together
with applications and services. “extensions.conf” features extension matching logic and
intelligent call routing logic. The dial plan is defined in the “extensions.conf” file present in
the”/etc/asterisk” folder. The following lines provides an example of a dial plan used for
implementing the work

[Users]

exten=>1111,1,Dial(SIP/hod-elect,20)

exten=>1112,1,Dial(SIP/hod-civ,20)

exten=>1113,1,Dial(SIP/hod-mec,20)

exten=>1114,1,Dial(SIP/tlc-dept,20)

21
exten=>2221,1,Dial(SIP/exam-room,20)

exten=>2222,1,Dial(SIP/ict-office,20)

exten=>2223,1,Dial(SIP/project-room,20)

exten=>1234,1,Dial(SIP/admin-office,20)

exten=>3331,1,Dial(SIP/elect-lab,20)

exten=>3332,1,Dial(SIP/dean-office,20)

exten=>3333,1,Dial(SIP/staff-room,20)

exten=>3344,1,Dial(SIP/hod-bic,20)

exten=>3334,1,Dial(SIP/eneks-josh,20)

exten=>3335,1,Dial(SIP/security-dept,20)

Figure 1.3 Dial plan configuration

3.5.4 Server logs

There are several types of logs available while a call is in active state. Writing “sipdebug=yes”
in the “sip.conf” file enables viewing these logs. The following types of logs are enabled and
stored for the implementation of this work:
Logs when user authenticates:
The security aspect of Asterisk is further enhanced, with the registered user authentication that
it performs, each time user enters in the Wi-Fi cloud. In the above fig, SIP 200 OK status code

22
indicates successful authentication. As can be seen, the requesting IP192.168.0.101 from port
3210 is authenticated by a registered SIP client caller id "ict-office". Whereas, if the
authentication fails, status code of form 4XX indicating error is displayed by the server. On
successful completion of authentication
SIP provide further message requests to clients which are listed under "Allow" attribute of
authentication. In addition, further client related details like SIP client used for access, are
maintained by the server.

Figure 1.4 Root login page (enter the password created during installation)

23
 Figure 1.5 Online and offline users

3.5.5 Experimental setup

Experimental setup Steps for calling the users

 On the Wi-Fi access soft phones registers its fixed IP. Where the Wi-Fi will update this
soft phone being active.
 Each phone is identified by a user name. Updating the IP address with a corresponding
username.
 If you call any user name and the information is available to all users logged in the
network.
 When the Wi-Fi range is not available, then call handoff.

24
 Figure 1.6 The Network IP address

Figure 1.7 Computer and VirtualBox IP address

CHAPTER FOUR

25
4.1 Result

Figure 1.8 Incoming and Received call

After testing:

26
  Able to make free voice call without SIM and Internet using WIFI.
 Call is in process with high voice clarity, there is no interference
 Call Waiting feature is also there, you here beep notifications of an incoming call when
you are already busy attending another call.
Maximum numbers of calls are in process
 Simultaneously.
 Only limitation is that, calls can be made within the Wi-Fi range, but for increasing
range of my network I have to use router with high range or I can use Wi-Fi boosters
also.
It consumes very less power supply
 12 Volt for Wi-Fi Router and 20 Volt for computer system.
This project can be implemented in colleges, Universities, big and small organizations etc so
that the departments can communicate with each other free of cost.

4.2 Experimental results

Following results are obtained when a call is established between two softphones either
computer or smart phone.

27
Figure 1.9 When number is dialed, ringing or received

28
 Figure 2.0 The softphone keypad and call status
CHAPTER FIVE

29
5.0 Conclusion
Wireless technology is one of the most widely using technologies which support to deal with
communication from one place to another without any physical wire connection. This free
wireless intercom system is enabling not just free calls but also providing more advantageous
and rich features and more flexible services. Although, challenges stay behind, this new
technology will play a key function in businesses communications, small and big offices,
schools, homes etc. Computer is where the Linux operating system run smoothly and so as per
the cost factor the system for Calling on Wi-Fi as an intercom system where there is no need
of internet and SIM card.

5.1 Recommendation
1. The use of a SIP trunk to connect two Asterisk servers located in different locations
2. The use of freePBX, an open source graphical user interface to notify the configuration
file.
3. For high availability it is recommended to deploy at least three controllers to provide
multiple controller nodes.

5.2 Future scope

1. To set up this network in city like Kampala.

2. To increase the number of calls and find the performance parameters.

3. To make a conference call without buying any software license key.

4. This project can be further extended to perform call handoff between multiple Wi-Fi routers
so that user is allowed with greater mobility.

30
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