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    The Standard Model

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    Abhiroop Batabyal
    The document summarizes the Standard Model of particle physics. It describes the fundamental particles as either fermions which obey the Pauli Exclusion Principle or bosons which are force carriers. It then lists the six flavors of quarks and leptons, grouping them into three generations with increasing mass. The four fundamental interactions - electromagnetic, strong, weak, and gravitational - are also summarized, along with their respective force carrier particles. A key concept is the Higgs boson, which is described as responsible for imparting mass to the elementary fermions via the Higgs field.

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    The Standard Model

    Uploaded by

    Abhiroop Batabyal
    20 views2 pages
    The document summarizes the Standard Model of particle physics. It describes the fundamental particles as either fermions which obey the Pauli Exclusion Principle or bosons which are force carriers. It then lists the six flavors of quarks and leptons, grouping them into three generations with increasing mass. The four fundamental interactions - electromagnetic, strong, weak, and gravitational - are also summarized, along with their respective force carrier particles. A key concept is the Higgs boson, which is described as responsible for imparting mass to the elementary fermions via the Higgs field.

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    The document summarizes the Standard Model of particle physics. It describes the fundamental particles as either fermions which obey the Pauli Exclusion Principle or bosons which are force carriers. It then lists the six flavors of quarks and leptons, grouping them into three generations with increasing mass. The four fundamental interactions - electromagnetic, strong, weak, and gravitational - are also summarized, along with their respective force carrier particles. A key concept is the Higgs boson, which is described as responsible for imparting mass to the elementary fermions via the Higgs field.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    20 views2 pages

    The Standard Model

    Uploaded by

    Abhiroop Batabyal
    The document summarizes the Standard Model of particle physics. It describes the fundamental particles as either fermions which obey the Pauli Exclusion Principle or bosons which are force carriers. It then lists the six flavors of quarks and leptons, grouping them into three generations with increasing mass. The four fundamental interactions - electromagnetic, strong, weak, and gravitational - are also summarized, along with their respective force carrier particles. A key concept is the Higgs boson, which is described as responsible for imparting mass to the elementary fermions via the Higgs field.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    The Standard Model

    Fermions - Matter Particles - Obey the Pauli Exclusion Principle


    Bosons - Force carriers - Don't obey the Pauli Exclusion principle

    Electrons
    Up Quarks
    Down Quarks
    Neutrinos - Don't interact with anything
    (These are the four matter particles)

    Muon
    Tau

    These are just like electrons, but they are heavier

    Strange quarks
    Bottom quarks

    These are just like down quarks, but they are heavier

    Charm quarks
    Top quarks

    These are just like up quarks, but they are heavier

    Muon neutrino
    Tau neutrino

    These are just like neutrinos, but they are heavier

    First generation particles - Electrons, Up quarks, Down quarks


    Second generation particles - Muons, Strange Quarks, Charm Quarks
    Third Generation Particles - Tau, Bottom Quarks, Top Quarks

    The Second and Third generation particles are heavier and unstable and quickly
    decay into the first generation particles.

    All these particles can be described by one equation


    The Dirac's Equation

    Three fundamental forces (according to Standard Model):


    Electromagnetic force
    Strong Force
    Weak Force
    Electromagnetic force - Interacts only with the quarks and electrons but not on
    neutrinos because neutrinos are electrically neutral.
    Electron gives rise to an electric field radially outward.
    Particle - Photons

    Strong Force - Only acts on quarks and particles made of quarks


    It holds the nuclei of the atoms close together and is responsible for nuclear fission.
    Gluon gives rise to a gluon field. The field is a thin flux tube, s tring like object that
    only ends when it meets another quark.
    Quarks are never found independent because of the high strength of the gluon field.
    Particle - Gluon

    Weak force - It too like the strong force occurs at subatomic levels but it is
    associated with decay.
    A down quark can turn into an up quark releasing an electron and neutrino in this
    process. So a neutron can turn into a proton by radioactive beta decay.
    Neutron -> Proton + Electron + Neutrino
    So it helps in nuclear fusion.
    It is also the reason why the heavier particles (like muons) turn down into the lighter
    particles (like electrons).
    It acts on all the particles. It is the only force the neutrinos feel.
    Particles - W bosons (W+ bosons, W- bosons), Z bosons

    Higgs boson -
    None of the elementary particles have a mass. It's role is to endow all the fermions
    with a mass.
    The higgs field is like a field going through the universe, capturing the elementary
    fermions and giving them what seems to us as mass.
    It is the most important particle in the Standard Model.

    The Standard Model aims towards a Grand Unified Theory along with the inclusion of
    Quantum Gravity.

    Gauge Theory

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