Piping Fabrication
Piping Fabrication
Piping Fabrication
PIPEWORK FABRICATION
SCOPE
MATERIALS
MATERIALS
/R>ET S/EI)IAT
S/E I)IATI(?
I(?
Spool pieces shall ha0e e+cess &88 mm plain end length on one
component of the oint.
RA*IAL MISALI4(ME(T?
)LA(4ES?
The distance from the flange face to the pipe end the pipe wall thicBness
F mm
*IME(SI(AL TLERA(ES?
/R<I-ITI(S?
)or Stainless steels, thermal cutting shall be limited to plasma arc. Arc #
gouging and o+% # gas methods are specificall% prohibited.
)or all materials, e+ca0ation of defects and bacB gouging b% o+% gas
method is prohibited.
*RESSI(4 A)TER T<ERMAL @TTI(4?
All 3/S shall be submitted for re0iew b% IL in accordance with /*R/ #
''98 # S/ # 888;
3EL*I(4 /RESSES?
>I(T *ETAILS?
SMA3 electrode diameter for the root pass in HH (/S shall not e+ceed 2.1
mm.!)or carbon and low allo% steels with up to 2 r $
4TA3 shall be used for root pass in less than HH (/S.
/R<I-ITI(S?
Inert gas shall contain not more than 2 o+%gen for 4TA3 or 4MA3 of
Austenitic stainless steel.
Shielding and purging gases for 4TA3 welding of (i allo%s shall be in high
purit% !;;.;;$ argon or helium.
/3<T?
(o welding shall be performed after /3<T
"#$M%N$T%&N '$:
All (*E shall follow the Materials "amination lass($M" .ating)
requirements of ASME *,* lass I!c$ lass II lass III lass IJ
Notes: arbon ;88 # &18 # C &18 !b$
a$ This table is for information Steel 2188 =88
onl% . Low allo% &18 # C C C
b$ (on ha6ardous duties onl% steel 2188
!below 988⁰$
c$ /ipe in the following ser0ices ement C C All C
Shall be treated as lass I lined .S
*isregarding the pressure Austenitic ;88 # &18 # C C
Rating S.S 2188 =88
) Sulphuric acid
upro # &18 # C C C
) SS pipe in cr%ogenic ser0ice (icBel 2188
) <%drogen ser0ice
Titanium &18 # C C C
) hlorine ser0ice
2188
) <₂S!-oth wet and <igh
*uple+ &18 # C C C
Temperature ser0ice$
S.S 2188
) %clic and Amine ser0ice
(icBel &18 # C C C
allo% 2188
EXTEND OF NDE
"amination "amination $pplicale utt ranch 1illet/ock $ttach-
lass methods materials 0elds 0elds et 0elds ment
0elds
I Jisual All &88 &88 &88 &88
Radiograph% All &88 C !note b$ (R
!note a$
Mag /article S,LAS &88!h &88!g, h$ &88 &88
*%e Aus S.S $ &88!g$ &88 &88
/enetrant *uple+ S.S &88
" (on
ferrous
(TES?
/roduction macro # hardness 0alues shall not e+ceed 288 -<( for carbon
steel welds or 221 -<( for allo% steel welds.
/RESS@RE TESTI(4?
The chloride content of the h%dro test water for austenitic stainless steels
shall not e+ceed 8 ppm and the h%dro test temperature shall not e+ceed
18⁰
Austenitic stainless steel weld subect to stress relief or ser0ice o0er 188 ⁰,
shall be subected to a minimum of ferrite checBs per weld.
3ith minimum of & ferrite checB per 288 mm length of manual welds.
)errite le0els shall be in the range of to &8.
hecBing shall be performed before /3<T b% using NN)erritescope or
NN/ermascope.
RE/AIRS
Repairs or not permitted for use on 88 series stainless steels or non #
ferrous allo%s.
@nacceptable flaws found during (*E shall be repaired in accordance with
an appro0ed repair procedure.
Material Ma no o2 permitted
repair attempts per 0eld
S D 88O
S P 88O 2
S 2
Low allo% steel 2
Austenitic S.S 2
.1 (i steel 2
thers 2
RER*S
uproC(icBel?
: 8 = 88!;8G&8$ S)AC1.= Eu(i or ;8G&8 S)AC1.: ERu(i or ;8G&8
:&188!: 8G8$ u(i u(i
S)AC1.= Eu(i
*uple+ S.S?
S)A 2281 Sand0icB 22.; LR Sand0iB 22.'.L
Soudochrom 199 = 2 Metrode ER2;(
Metrode 2.;.LR
)erralium )erralium 221<- Metrode ER221u
Metrode 21.=.2 uR
(otes?
a. 3here L or < grades, or other limits on composition are specified for 89,&=,2& or
9: then the appropriate limits shall also appl% to the welding consumables
c. 3here specificall% agreed in writing with IL, small bore!&.1 (S and below$
socBetGfillet
welds, which will not be subect to /3<T, ma% be performed using S)AC1.&&
E(ir)eC2 or or S)AC1.&9 ER(irC consumables.
WELDING CONSUMABLES FOR DISSIMILAR METALS(!
1irst ase material econd ase onsumale per $M" !art
material
SMA3 electrode 4TA3 or
4MA3 wire
Low allo% steel ther low allo% steel onsumable to be selected per table &
for carbon steel.
WELDING CONSUMABLES FOR DISSIMILAR METALS(! Continue…
(TES?
@p to 8 = 2 &
0er 8 &8 : 1
(TES?
Material and ser5ice alculated elongation of outer fibre !e$ (ote !a$
e 1 1 e &8 e e P 28
&8 28
(otes?
3EL*I(4?
/RE/ARATI(?
An% increase in heat input greater than 28 of the ma+imum reached during the
qualification.
An% change in bacBing gas conditions including gas composition, flow rate,
damming method or o+%gen le0els in bacBing gas enclosure outside those reached
during the qualification test
An impact test is the preferred option o0er the corrosion test.
All welds in duple+ stainless steel shall additionall% be &88 e+amined b% d%e
penetrant method
AE/TA(E RITERIA?
4E(ERAL?
)orming and bending of nicBel allo%s during fabrication shall be carried out at
or below &;8⁰.
4rinding wheels or discs shall be iron # free and shall not be organic resin
bonded.
(icBel allo%s shall be heat treated to remo0e the effects of an% cold worBing in
e+cess of 1 fiber strain, prior to welding.
3EL*I(4?
4TA3 shall be used for root runs.
SA3 shall not be used, e+cept for welding of hea0% sections with prior
appro0al, when heat input shall be restricted at 9 >Gmm ma+imum.
-ra6ing is not permitted.
Autogenous welding is not permitted.
<EAT (TRL?
/reheat shall not be used
Temperature of the oint surfaces shall not be less than 28⁰ before
commencement of welding
The inter pass temperature shall be &18⁰ ma+imum!e+cept (''21 # &28⁰ $
/3<T shall not be used.
S<IEL*I(4 A(* -AI(4 4AS?
The flow rate shall be minimum &1 liters per minute.
I(S/ETI(?
3elded oints shall be &88 0isuall% e+amined and &88 liquid penetrant
inspected.
LacB of root penetration in e+cess of &.= mm is not permitted.
APPENDI# C FABRICATION SPECIFICATION FOR
*C+ ,MO - LOW ALLO' STEEL
*RESSI(4 A)TER T<ERMAL @TTI(4?
The heat affected base metal shall be remo0ed b% grinding or machining
bacB the cut edge b% at least &.1 mm
3EL*I(4?
Acceptable welding processes?
SMA3
4TA3
3EL*I(4 (S@MA-LES?
Low h%drogen SMA3 consumables shall be dried and stored in o0ens prior
to issue to ensure that the% are capable of meeting a ma+imum h%drogen
le0el of &8ml <₂G&88g
Electrodes shall onl% be issued for use in portable electrode o0ens capable
of maintaining a temperature of :8 ⁰ minimum.
onsumables for which no identification e+ists shall not be used.
4TA3 and SMA3 consumables shall be procured against schedule > class
9 of A3S A1.8&.
S<IEL*I(4G/@R4I(4 4ASES?
Shielding and purge gases shall compl% with E(9; with respect to mi+ture
tolerances, purit% and dew point.
/reheat and interpass temperature?
Minimum preheat temperature # 288 ⁰
Ma+imum interpass temperature # 88 ⁰
)or ; r # & Mo # J ?
n completion the welds shall be maintained at 288 ⁰ # 988 ⁰ for 2 hrs
after welding.
>oint shall be allowed to cool below &88 ⁰ prior to recei0ing /3<T.
/3<T immediatel% after welding without this intermediate heat treatment
c%cle is not permitted.
/7R TESTI(4 RE7@IREME(TS?
Test welds shall be subect to &8g JicBers hardness sur0e% of the weld.
The ma+imum hardness shall not e+ceed 2:8 <J&8.
)or impact testing the test temperature shall not e+ceed 8 ⁰ and the
energ%
shall be 98> a0erage and 9> a0erage.
APPENDI# D FABRICATION SPECIFICATION FOR
CUPRO NICEL ALLO'S
3EL*I(4?
/RE/ARATI(?
Material shall be cut b% either cold sawing with sulphur # free lubricant or plasma.
4TA3 is used for root runs and 4MA3 ma% be used for capping runs on oints of
1 mm or greater thicBness.
SMA3 electrodes shall be .21 mm or smaller diameter core si6e. -ead width
shall be restricted to four times electrode core diameter ma+imum.
)ILLER MATERIALS?
All filler materials for cupro # nicBel shall be nominal :8 copperG8 nicBel
composition.
<EAT (TRL?
/reheat shall not be used.
Interpass temperature shall be &18⁰ ma+imum.
/3<T shall not be used.
I(S/ETI(?
3elded oints shall be &88 0isuall% e+amined and &88 liquid penetrant
inspected.