Modern Systems Analysis and Design 8th Edition Valacich Test Bank 1

Modern Systems Analysis and Design
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Modern Systems Analysis and Design, 8e (Valacich/George)

Chapter 3 Managing the Information Systems Project
1) The ________ is a systems analyst with a diverse set of skills—management, leadership,

technical, conflict management, and customer relationship—who is responsible for initiating,
planning, executing, and closing down a project.
A) Consultant
B) Project scheduler
C) Project manager
D) Project assistant
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
AACSB: Information Technology
LO: 3.1 Explain the process of managing an information systems project, including project
initiation, project planning, project execution, and project closedown
Classification: Concept
2) A ________ is a planned undertaking of a series of related activities to reach an objective that

has a beginning and an end.
A) Project
B) Technique
C) Data flow
D) Methodology
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
1
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
3) A ________ is an end product of an SDLC phase.

A) System tester
B) Requirement
C) Modeler
D) Deliverable
Answer: D
Difficulty: Moderate
2
4) A ________, which is conducted by the project manager, involves determining if the
information system makes sense for the organization from an economic and operational
standpoint.
A) Tool
B) Feasibility study
C) Data flow
D) Methodology
Answer: B
5) To successfully orchestrate the construction of a complex information system, a project

manager must have ________, leadership, and technical skills.
A) Planning
B) Initiating
C) Executing
D) Interpersonal
Answer: D
Difficulty: Easy
6) Which of the following is NOT a part of the project management process?

A) Planning
B) Initiating
C) Executing
D) Adjoining
Answer: D
3
7) ________ is a controlled process of initiating, planning, executing, and closing down a
project.
A) System design
B) System analysis
C) Project scheduling
D) Project management
Answer: D
8) ________ is NOT a common skill pertaining to the leadership activity of a project manager.
A) Communication
B) Working on assigned activities
C) Assigning activities
D) Monitoring progress
Answer: B
9) Influencing the activities of others toward the attainment of a common goal through the use of
intelligence, personality, and abilities refers to the ________ activity of a project manager.
A) Management
B) Leadership
C) Team management
D) Conflict management
Answer: B
Difficulty: Easy
4
10) ________ is NOT a skill pertaining to the management activity of a project manager.
A) Monitoring outcomes
B) Assigning resources to activities
C) Communicating expectations
D) Forecasting
Answer: D
11) ________ is NOT a skill pertaining to the customer relations activity of a project manager.
A) Interpreting system requests
B) Interpreting system specifications
C) Contact point for developers
D) User training
Answer: C
12) Getting projects completed through the effective utilization of resources is a ________
activity of a project manager.
A) Management
B) Risk management
C) Change management
D) Team management
Answer: A
5
13) Managing the project team for effective team performance represents a ________ activity of
a project manager.
A) Leadership
B) Change management
C) Risk management
D) Team management
Answer: D
Difficulty: Easy
14) ________ is NOT a skill pertaining to the technical problem solving activity of a project
manager.
A) Contact point for payroll team
B) Defining activities and their sequence
C) Making trade-offs between alternative solutions
D) Interpreting system requests and specifications
Answer: A
15) ________ is NOT a skill pertaining to the conflict management activity of a project manager.
A) Problem solving
B) Smoothing out personality differences
C) Monitoring
D) Compromising
Answer: C
6
16) ________ is NOT a skill pertaining to the team management activity of a project manager.
A) Self-management
B) Team-building
C) Peer-evaluation
D) Forecasting
Answer: D
17) Identifying, assessing, and managing the risks and day-to-day changes that occur during a
project is attributed to ________.
A) Forecasting
B) Team-building
C) Goal setting
D) Risk and change management
Answer: D
18) ________ is NOT a skill pertaining to the risk and change management activity of a project
manager.
A) Environmental scanning
B) Team-building
C) Risk and opportunity identification and assessment
D) Resource redeployment
Answer: B
7
19) Working closely with customers to ensure that project deliverables meet expectations is a
________ activity of a project manager.
A) Resource redeployment
B) Forecasting
C) Management
D) Customer relations
Answer: D
20) Which of the following is NOT an activity found in the project initiation phase?
A) Establishing the project initiation team
B) Establishing a relationship with the developer
C) Establishing the project initiation plan
D) Establishing management procedures
Answer: B
21) During ________, the project manager performs several activities to assess the size, scope,
and complexity of the project and to establish procedures to support subsequent activities.
A) Project bidding
B) Project development
C) Project initiation
D) Project delivery
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
8
22) How many activities are involved in the project initiation phase?
A) Four
B) Five
C) Six
D) Three
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
23) Which of the following is FALSE in the context of the project workbook?
A) It can be stored as an online electronic document.
B) It can be stored in a large three-ring binder.
C) The project workbook is used by all team members.
D) It is not useful for project audits.
Answer: D
24) Which of the following is FALSE in the context of the project charter?
A) It will not have the project manager's name and contact information.
B) It includes the project title and date of authorization.
C) It outlines many of the key elements of the project.
D) It is a high-level document prepared for the customer.
Answer: A
25) The project charter will never include which of the following?
A) Project objectives and description
B) Project budget
C) Projected start and completion dates
D) Key stakeholders, project role, and responsibilities
Answer: B
9
26) What is the next step taken after project initiation?
A) Project bidding
B) Project planning
C) Project execution
D) Project development
Answer: B
Difficulty: Easy
27) Which is the first activity in the project planning phase?

A) Setting a baseline project plan
B) Creating a preliminary budget
C) Identifying and assessing risk
D) Describing project scope, alternatives, and feasibility
Answer: D
28) ________ is the process of dividing the project into manageable tasks and logically ordering
them to ensure a smooth evolution between tasks.
A) Work breakdown structure
B) Task breakdown structure
C) Project breakdown structure
D) Management breakdown structure
Answer: A
10
29) A Gantt chart is the graphical representation of a project that shows each task as a ________
bar whose length is proportional to its time for completion.
A) vertical
B) linear
C) curve
D) horizontal
Answer: D
Difficulty: Easy
30) Which of the following is FALSE with respect to a task in a project plan?
A) It can be done by one person only.
B) It has a single and identifiable deliverable.
C) It has a known method or technique.
D) It has well-accepted predecessor and successor steps.
Answer: A
31) Which of the following is FALSE with respect to resource estimation activity?
A) This information is used to create a project resource plan.
B) Project managers use a variety of tools to assist in making estimates of project size and costs.
The most widely used method is called COCOMO.
C) Resource estimates may need not be revised based upon the skills of the actual person (or
people) assigned to a particular activity.
D) People are the most important, and expensive, part of project resource planning.
Answer: C
11
32) Most project management software tools support a broad range of task durations, including
minutes, hours, days, weeks, and ________.
A) Months
B) Years
C) Centuries
D) Decades
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
33) COCOMO stands for ________.

A) Constructive Coordination Model
B) Constructive Cost Model
C) Collective Cost Model
D) Constructive Correction Model
Answer: B
Difficulty: Easy
34) Defining tasks in too much detail will make the management of the project ________.
A) Unnecessarily complex
B) Simple
C) Extremely streamlined
D) Constructive
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
12
35) Tasks that are ________ in scope will provide a clear sense of the status of the project or of
the interdependencies between tasks.
A) Short
B) Medium
C) Long
D) Optimal
Answer: D
36) Resource estimates may need to be revised based upon the skills of the actual person (or
people) assigned to a particular ________.
A) Activity
B) Group
C) Person
D) Team
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
37) The distinguishing feature of a network diagram is that the ordering of tasks is shown by
connecting tasks—depicted as ________ or ovals—with their predecessor and successor tasks.
A) Circles
B) Diamonds
C) Ellipticals
D) Rectangles
Answer: D
Difficulty: Easy
13
38) Which of the following is NOT true with respect to determining project standards and
procedures?
A) Specifies how various deliverables are produced and tested
B) Specifies how the standard SDLC might be modified
C) Specifies which SDLC methods will be used
D) Specifies the budget and resource allocation
Answer: D
39) Which of the following is NOT true of a project communication plan?

A) It outlines the communication procedures among management, project team members, and
the customer.
B) It includes when and how written and oral reports will be provided by the team.
C) It does not define communication with vendors and external contractors.
D) It includes how team members will coordinate work.
Answer: C
40) Which of the following is a FALSE statement regarding the Project Scope Statement?
A) It occurs near the end of the project planning phase.
B) It is developed primarily for the customer.
C) It clearly describes what the project will deliver.
D) It is a description of the alternative solution.
Answer: D
14
41) Which of the following is NOT a stakeholder involved in the project communication matrix?
A) Team members
B) Facilities team
C) User group
D) Contract programmers
Answer: B
42) At the end of the project planning phase, ________ of the Baseline Project Plan is conducted
to double-check all information in the plan.
A) Rating
B) Testing
C) Review
D) Planning
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
43) ________ is the third phase of the project management process in which the plans created in
the prior phases (project initiation and planning) are put into action.
A) Project execution
B) Project closure
C) Project development
D) Project planning
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
15
44) Which of the following is the first activity in the project execution phase?
A) Communicating the project status
B) Managing changes to the Baseline Project Plan
C) Maintaining the project workbook
D) Executing the Baseline Project Plan
Answer: D
45) Which of the following is NOT true about project closedown?

A) It brings the project to an end.
B) Projects can conclude with a natural or unnatural termination.
C) Unnatural termination of a project can never happen.
D) An unnatural termination occurs when the project is stopped before completion.
Answer: C
46) Which of the following is FALSE with respect to the Gantt chart and network diagram?
A) Gantt charts visually show the duration of tasks, whereas a network diagram visually shows
the sequence dependencies between tasks.
B) Gantt charts visually show the time overlap of tasks, whereas a network diagram does not
show time overlap but does show which tasks could be done in parallel.
C) Gantt charts visually show the time overlap of tasks, whereas a network diagram shows time
overlap but does show which tasks could be done in parallel.
D) Some forms of Gantt charts can visually show slack time available within an earliest start and
latest finish duration.
Answer: C
16
47) ________ are used by project managers to depict resource utilization by task.
A) Textual reports
B) Bar graphs
C) Pie charts
D) Flow charts
Answer: A
48) The project manager is a systems analyst with a diverse set of skills—management,
leadership, technical, conflict management, and customer relationship—who is responsible for
initiating, planning, executing, and closing down a project.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
49) In some organizations, the project manager is a very experienced systems analyst, whereas in
others, both junior and senior analysts are expected to take on this role, managing parts of a
project or actively supporting a more senior colleague who assumes the project manager role.
Answer: TRUE
50) A project is an unplanned undertaking of a series of related activities to reach an objective

that has a beginning and an end.
Answer: FALSE
17
51) The last deliverable, or end product, produced by Chris and Juanita was a System Service
Request (SSR), a standard form PVF uses for requesting systems development work.
Answer: FALSE
52) Systems development projects are undertaken for two primary reasons: to take advantage of
business opportunities and to solve business problems.
Answer: TRUE
53) A study that determines if the proposed information system makes sense for the organization
from an economic and operational standpoint is called non-feasibility study.
Answer: FALSE
54) Closing down a project is not an activity performed in the project management process.
Answer: FALSE
55) Executing the project is the third phase in the project management process.
Answer: TRUE
18
56) Problem solving is a skill required in the conflict management activity for a project manager.
Answer: TRUE
57) Interpreting system requests and specifications is not a skill required as part of the customer
relations activity for a project manager.
Answer: FALSE
58) Designing and sequencing activities to attain project goals describes the technical problem
solving activity.
Answer: TRUE
59) An example of a project manager leadership activity is helping the team work towards a
common goal.
Answer: TRUE
60) In project initiation, the developer performs several activities to assess the size, scope, and
complexity of the project and to establish procedures to support subsequent activities.
Answer: FALSE
19
61) Establishing a relationship with the customer is the first step in project initiation.
Answer: FALSE
62) Successful projects require the development of effective management procedures.

Answer: TRUE
63) The Project Workbook is an offline or hard-copy repository for all project correspondence,
inputs, outputs, deliverables, procedures, and standards that is used for performing project audits,
orienting new team members, communicating with management and customers, identifying
future projects, and performing post-project reviews.
Answer: FALSE
64) The project charter is a short (typically one page), high-level document prepared for the
customer that describes what the project will deliver and outlines many of the key elements of
the project.
Answer: TRUE
65) The project charter often includes a signature section for key stakeholders and key
assumptions.
Answer: TRUE
20
66) There are 10 activities in total which are involved in the project planning phase.
Answer: TRUE
67) Defining a task with too little detail will make the project complex.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
68) The most widely used method for cost estimation is COCOMO.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Difficult
69) A network diagram depicts a Gantt chart.

Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Easy
70) What is a project manager? What types of skills should a project manager possess?
Answer: The project manager is a systems analyst with a diverse set of skills–management,
leadership, technical, conflict management, and customer relationship–who is responsible for
initiating, planning, executing, and closing down a project. As a project manager, your
environment is one of continual change and problem solving. In some organizations, the project
manager is a very experienced systems analyst, whereas in others, both junior and senior analysts
are expected to take on this role, managing parts of a project or actively supporting a more senior
colleague who assumes the project manager role. Understanding the project management process
is a critical skill for your future success.
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Synthesis
21
71) Why are systems development projects initiated? Provide an example.
Answer: Systems development projects are undertaken for two primary reasons: to take
advantage of business opportunities and to solve business problems. Taking advantage of an
opportunity might mean providing an innovative service to customers through the creation of a
new system. For example, PVF may want to create a Web site so that customers can easily
access its catalog and place orders at any time.
Difficulty: Easy
72) In order, what are the four steps in the project management process?
Answer: Initiating the project, planning the project, executing the project, and closing down the
project.
22
73) List at least 3 activities of a project manager and the skill associated with that activity.
Answer: Leadership: Influencing the activities of others toward the attainment of a common
goal through the use of intelligence, personality, and abilities. Skills: Communication; liaison
between management, users, and developers; assigning activities; monitoring progress
Management: Getting projects completed through the effective utilization of resources. Skills:
Defining and sequencing activities; communicating expectations; assigning resources to
activities; monitoring outcomes
Customer relations: Working closely with customers to ensure that project deliverables meet
expectations. Skills: Interpreting system requests and specifications; site preparation and user
training; contact point for customers
Technical problem solving: Designing and sequencing activities to attain project goals. Skills:
Interpreting system requests and specifications; defining activities and their sequence; making
trade-offs between alternative solutions; designing solutions to problems
Conflict management: Managing conflict within a project team to assure that conflict is not too
high or too low. Skills: Problem solving; smoothing out personality differences; compromising;
goal setting
Team management: Managing the project team for effective team performance. Skills:
Communication within and between teams; peer evaluations; conflict resolution; team building;
self-management
Risk and change management: Identifying, assessing, and managing the risks and day-to-day
changes that occur during a project. Skills: Environmental scanning; risk and opportunity
identification and assessment; forecasting; resource redeployment.
74) List the six project initiation activities.

Answer: Project initiation
1. Establishing the project initiation team
2. Establishing a relationship with the customer
3. Establishing the project initiation plan
4. Establishing management procedures
5. Establishing the project management
6. Environment and project workbook
Difficulty: Easy
23
75) What is a project charter? Describe elements that may be a part of the project charter.
Answer: A project charter is a short document prepared for the customer during project
initiation that describes what the project will deliver and outlines generally at a high level all
work required to complete the project. The project charter ensures that both you and your
customer gain a common understanding of the project. It is also a very useful communication
tool; it helps to announce to the organization that a particular project has been chosen for
development. A project charter can vary in the amount of detail it contains, but it often includes
the following elements: Project title and date of authorization; Project manager name and contact
information; Customer name and contact information; Projected start and completion dates; Key
stakeholders, project role, and responsibilities; Project objectives and description; Key
assumptions or approach; Signature section for key stakeholders.
Difficulty: Easy
76) What does project planning involve?

Answer: Project planning involves defining clear, discrete activities and the work needed to
complete each activity within a single project. It often requires you to make numerous
assumptions about the availability of resources such as hardware, software, and personnel. It is
much easier to plan nearer-term activities than those occurring in the future. In actual fact, you
often have to construct longer-term plans that are more general in scope and nearer-term plans
that are more detailed. The repetitive nature of the project management process requires that
plans be constantly monitored throughout the project and period.
Difficulty: Easy
77) What is COCOMO and how is it used?

Answer: The Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO; Concept) is an automated software
estimation model that uses historical project data and current as well as future project
characteristics to estimate project costs. It is the most widely used method and uses parameters
that were derived from prior projects of differing complexity COCOMO uses these different
parameters to predict human resource requirements for basic, intermediate, and very complex
systems.
24
78) What does a project manager do during the project execution phase? List the steps in the
project execution phase.
Answer: As project manager, you oversee the execution of the baseline plan. This means that
you initiate the execution of project activities, acquire and assign resources, orient and train new
team members, keep the project on schedule, and ensure the quality of project deliverables. The
steps in the project execution phase include:
1. Executing the Baseline Project Plan
2. Monitoring Project Progress against the Baseline Project Plan
3. Managing Changes to the Baseline Project Plan
4. Maintaining the Project Workbook
5. Communicating the Project Status.
79) Name four ways a project team can communicate. Indicate the type of formality, i.e., high,
medium to low, etc.
Answer: Project workbook—High Inform; Meetings—Medium to high; Seminars and
workshops—Low to medium; Project newsletters—Medium to high; Status reports—High;
Specification documents— High; Minutes of meetings—High; Bulletin boards—Low; Memos—
Medium to high; Brown bag lunches—Low; Hallway discussions—Low.
Difficulty: Easy
80) What are the ways a project can close? Provide an example of each.
Answer: Projects can conclude with a natural or unnatural termination. A natural termination
occurs when the requirements of the project have been met–the project has been completed and
is a success. An unnatural termination occurs when the project is stopped before completion.
Several events can cause an unnatural termination of a project. For example, it may be learned
that the assumption used to guide the project proved to be false, that the performance of the
systems or development group was somehow inadequate, or that the requirements are no longer
relevant or valid in the customer's business environment. The most likely reasons for the
unnatural termination of a project relate to running out of time or money, or both.
Difficulty: Easy
25
81) ________ is a critical path scheduling technique used for controlling resources.
A) Network programming
B) Network diagramming
C) Networking
D) Network scheduling
Answer: B
LO: 3.2 Describe how to represent and schedule project plans using Gantt charts and network
diagrams
82) A critical path refers to a sequence of task activities whose ________ and ________ directly
affect the completion date of a project.
A) Duration; network
B) Order; network
C) Task; sequence
D) Order; duration
Answer: D
Difficulty: Easy
diagrams
83) A network diagram will never be used when the tasks ________.
A) Cannot be worked on independently of other tasks
B) Can be worked on independently of other tasks
C) Are well defined and have a clear beginning and end point
D) Serve the purpose of the project
Answer: A
diagrams
26
84) Which of the following is NOT a feature of a network diagram?
A) It represents how completion times vary for activities.
B) It is more often used than Gantt charts to manage projects such as information systems
development.
C) Connecting arrows are not used.
D) Variability in the duration of activities is the norm.
Answer: C
diagrams
85) Which of the following is NOT a component of PERT?

A) Program
B) Evolution
C) Review
D) Evaluation
Answer: B
Difficulty: Easy
diagrams
86) Which of the following is NOT a feature of PERT?

A) Uses optimistic estimate
B) Uses pessimistic estimate
C) Uses realistic estimate
D) Calculates budget for a project
Answer: D
diagrams
27
87) To construct the Gantt chart, a ________ is drawn for each activity that reflects its sequence
and duration.
A) Horizontal line
B) Horizontal bar
C) Vertical line
D) Vertical bar
Answer: B
Difficulty: Easy
diagrams
88) The critical path represents the ________ time in which a project can be completed.
A) Shortest
B) Longest
C) Farthest
D) Tallest
Answer: A
diagrams
89) Nodes not on the critical path contain ________ time and allow the project manager some
flexibility in scheduling.
A) Shortest
B) Critical
C) Slack
D) Report
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
diagrams
90) The acronym PERT stands for Program Evaluation Review Technique.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
diagrams
28
91) List the key difference between a Gantt chart and a network diagram.
Answer: Gantt charts visually show the duration of tasks, whereas a network diagram visually
shows the sequence dependencies between tasks. Gantt charts visually show the time overlap of
tasks, whereas a network diagram does not show time overlap but does show which tasks could
be done in parallel. Some forms of Gantt charts can visually show slack time available within an
earliest start and latest finish duration. A network diagram shows this by data within activity
rectangles.
Difficulty: Easy
diagrams
92) Define and describe the PERT technique.

Answer: PERT (Program Evaluation Review Technique; Concept) is a technique that uses
optimistic, pessimistic, and realistic time estimates to calculate the expected time for a particular
task. This technique can help you to obtain a better time estimate when there is some uncertainty
as to how much time a task will require to be completed. The optimistic (o) and pessimistic (p)
times reflect the minimum and maximum possible periods of time for an activity to be
completed. The realistic (r) time, or most likely time, reflects the project manager's "best guess"
of the amount of time the activity actually will require for completion. Once each of these
estimates is made for an activity, an expected time (ET) can be calculated. Because the expected
completion time should be closest to the realistic (r) time, it is typically weighted four times
more than the optimistic (o) and pessimistic (p) times. Once you add these values together, it
must be divided by six to determine the ET. This equation is shown in the following formula:
ET = (o + 4r + p)/6 where ET = expected time for the completion for an activity; o = optimistic
completion time for an activity; r = realistic completion time for an activity; p = pessimistic
completion time for an activity.
diagrams
93) What is the critical path? Why is it important?

Answer: The critical path of a network diagram is represented by the sequence of connected
activities that produce the longest overall time period. All nodes and activities within this
sequence are referred to as being "on" the critical path. The critical path represents the shortest
time in which a project can be completed. In other words, any activity on the critical path that is
delayed in completion delays the entire project. Nodes not on the critical path, however, can be
delayed (for some amount of time) without delaying the final completion of the project.
Difficulty: Easy
diagrams
29
94) What are some of the activities one can accomplish in project management software? Include
examples of project management software.
Answer: Most of the available tools have a set of common features that include the ability to
define and order tasks, assign resources to tasks, and easily modify tasks and resources. Project
management tools are available to run on IBM-compatible personal computers, the Macintosh,
and larger mainframe and workstation-based systems. These systems vary in the number of task
activities supported, the complexity of relationships, system processing and storage
requirements, and, of course, cost. When using this system to manage a project, you need to
perform at least the following activities: Establish a project starting or ending date; Enter tasks
and assign task relationships; Select a scheduling method to review project reports.
Difficulty: Easy
diagrams
95) ________ refers to the amount of time a task can be delayed without delaying the early start
of any immediately following tasks.
A) Response time
B) Total slack
C) Shortest time
D) Free slack
Answer: D
Difficulty: Easy
LO: 3.3 Explain how commercial project management software packages can be used to assist
in representing and managing project schedules
96) ________ refers to the amount of time a task can be delayed without delaying the completion
of the project.
A) Response time
B) Total slack
C) Shortest time
D) Free slack
Answer: B
30
97) Microsoft Excel is an example of project management software.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Easy
31

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Modern Systems Analysis and Design

8th Edition Valacich Test Bank

Test Bank: https://testbankpack.com/p/test-bank-for-modern-

Solution Manual: https://testbankpack.com/p/solution-manual-for-

Modern Systems Analysis and Design, 8e (Valacich/George)

1) The ________ is a systems analyst with a diverse set of skills—management, leadership,

2) A ________ is a planned undertaking of a series of related activities to reach an objective that

3) A ________ is an end product of an SDLC phase.

5) To successfully orchestrate the construction of a complex information system, a project

6) Which of the following is NOT a part of the project management process?

27) Which is the first activity in the project planning phase?

33) COCOMO stands for ________.

39) Which of the following is NOT true of a project communication plan?

45) Which of the following is NOT true about project closedown?

50) A project is an unplanned undertaking of a series of related activities to reach an objective

62) Successful projects require the development of effective management procedures.

69) A network diagram depicts a Gantt chart.

74) List the six project initiation activities.

76) What does project planning involve?

77) What is COCOMO and how is it used?

85) Which of the following is NOT a component of PERT?

86) Which of the following is NOT a feature of PERT?

92) Define and describe the PERT technique.

93) What is the critical path? Why is it important?

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