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    1.question Bank - IGMCRI (Biochemistry)

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    Anirudh B
    This document contains a question bank covering various topics in biochemistry including cell biology, enzymology, clinical enzymology, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, protein metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism, molecular biology, detoxification, cancer biochemistry, kidney function tests, thyroid function tests, and miscellaneous topics. The question bank is organized into sections covering major subject areas and lists relevant questions within each section pertaining to structures, processes, regulations, diseases, and laboratory techniques.

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    1.question Bank - IGMCRI (Biochemistry)

    Uploaded by

    Anirudh B
    72 views11 pages
    This document contains a question bank covering various topics in biochemistry including cell biology, enzymology, clinical enzymology, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, protein metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism, molecular biology, detoxification, cancer biochemistry, kidney function tests, thyroid function tests, and miscellaneous topics. The question bank is organized into sections covering major subject areas and lists relevant questions within each section pertaining to structures, processes, regulations, diseases, and laboratory techniques.

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    1.Question Bank - IGMCRI (Biochemistry)

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    This document contains a question bank covering various topics in biochemistry including cell biology, enzymology, clinical enzymology, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, protein metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism, molecular biology, detoxification, cancer biochemistry, kidney function tests, thyroid function tests, and miscellaneous topics. The question bank is organized into sections covering major subject areas and lists relevant questions within each section pertaining to structures, processes, regulations, diseases, and laboratory techniques.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    72 views11 pages

    1.question Bank - IGMCRI (Biochemistry)

    Uploaded by

    Anirudh B
    This document contains a question bank covering various topics in biochemistry including cell biology, enzymology, clinical enzymology, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, protein metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism, molecular biology, detoxification, cancer biochemistry, kidney function tests, thyroid function tests, and miscellaneous topics. The question bank is organized into sections covering major subject areas and lists relevant questions within each section pertaining to structures, processes, regulations, diseases, and laboratory techniques.

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    of 11

    INDIRA GANDHI MEDICAL

    COLLEGE AND RESEARCH


    INSTITUTE
    BIOCHEMISTRY-QUESTION
    BANK
    Cell Biology

    1. Cell membrane structure-Fluid Mosaic Model, Factors influencing fluidity


    of membrane
    2. Transport Mechanism- Active, Secondary active, facilitated diffusion
    3. Mitochondria
    4. Golgi Bodies
    5. Functions of all cell organelles
    6. Prokaryotic Cell vs. Eukaryotic Cell
    7. Marker Enzymes

    Enzymology

    1. Classification
    2. Factors affecting Enzyme Activity
    3. Various types of Enzyme Inhibition
    4. Allosteric Regulation
    5. Co-enzyme
    6. Active Site
    7. Km value
    8. Iso-enzymes
    9. Enzymes of diagnostic importance
    10.Oxygenases-Mixed function oxygenases

    Clinical Enzymology

    1. Enzyme patterns in different diseases


    2. Myocardial infarction
    3. Cardiac Troponins
    4. LDH and Heart Attack
    5. Creatine Kinase

    Chemistry of Carbohydrates

    1. Classification of carbohydrates
    2. Structure of starch and glycogen/ Homopolysaccharides
    3. Glycosaminoglycans / Mucopolysaccharides
    4. Disaccharides
    5. Non-Reducing Property of Sucrose
    6. Glycosides
    7. Dietary fibers
    8. Anomers
    9. Epimers
    10. Mutarotation

    Electron Transport Chain

    1. Components of ETC
    2. Structure of Mitochondria
    3. Chemiosmotic Theory
    4. ATP Synthase
    5. Inhibitors and Uncouplers of ETC

    Carbohydrate Metabolism

    1. Glycolysis
    2. Glycogenolysis
    3. Gluconeogenesis
    4. TCA Cycle
    5. Anaploretic Reactions of CA
    6. HMP Shunt Pathway and Substrate Level Phosphorylation
    7. HMP Shunt Pathway, Uronic Acid Pathway, Sorbitol Pathway – Clinical
    Significance
    8. Lactose Intolerance
    9. Fructosuria
    10. Galactosemia
    11. Glycogen storage disorders
    12. Hemolytic Anemia

    Regulation of Blood Glucose, Insulin, Diabetes Mellitus

    Chemistry of Lipids

    1. Classification of lipids
    2. Compound Lipids / Phospholipids
    3. Liposomes
    4. Iodine number
    5. Saponification number
    6. Rancidity
    7. Eicosanoids
    8. Essential Fatty Acids
    9. Significance of PUFA
    10. RDS / DPL

    Lipid Metabolism & Cholesterol, Lipoproteins

    1. Lipid Profile
    2. Digestion and Absorption of Lipids
    3. Role of Bile salt in Lipid digestion and absorption
    4. Steatorrhea
    5. Chyluria
    6. Beta-Oxidation
    7. Oxidation of palmitic acid and its energetics
    8. Refsum’s Disease
    9. Peroxisomal oxidation- Significance
    10. Fatty Liver and Lipotropic Factors
    11. Ketogensis and Ketolysis
    12. Multi-enzyme complex
    13. Malabsorption syndrome
    14. Cholesterol Biosynthesis- with Regulation and Inhibition
    15. Rate limiting enzymes of Cholesterol synthesis & Beta oxidation
    16. HDL & LDL metabolism
    17. Reverse Cholesterol Transport
    18. Bile Acid Synthesis
    19. Hypercholestrolemia
    20. Obesity & Dyslipidemia
    21. NSAID
    22. Fared Wall’s Formula

    Liver Function Test

    Tabular Column
    No. Parameter Normal Value Pre-Hepatic Hepatic Post-Hepatic
    Jaundice Jaundice Jaundice

    1. 0.2-0.8 mg/dL Increased Increased Increased

    2. 0.2-0.7 mg/dL Increased Increased Normal

    3. 0.1-0.4 mg/dL Normal Increased Increased

    4. 6-8 g/dL Normal Normal Decreased

    5. 3.5-5 g/dL Normal Normal Decreased

    6. 12-15 s Normal Increased Increased

    7. 5-40 IU/L Normal Increased Normal

    8. 5-45 IU/L Normal Increased Normal

    9. 0- 150 IU/L Normal Increased Increased

    10. 0-50 IU/L Normal Increased Increased

    11. Present Increased Present Absent

    12. Absent Absent Absent Increased

    13. Absent Absent Absent Present

    14. Present Decreased Increased Absent


    Acid-Base Balance

    1. Regulation of blood pH by buffers, respiration and kidney


    2. Anion gap
    3. Metabolic and respiratory acidosis, alkalosis

    Chemistry of Amino Acids

    1. Classification of amino acids


    2. Iso-electric pH
    3. Zwitter Ions
    4. Peptide Bond

    Chemistry of Proteins

    1. Classification of proteins
    2. Biologically important peptides
    3. Primary structure of proteins
    4. Secondary structure of proteins
    5. Secondary structure of collagen
    6. Denaturation of protein

    Protein Metabolism

    1. Digestion and Absorption of Proteins


    2. Removal of Ammonia
    3. Detoxification of Ammonia
    4. Urea cycle and Disorders

    Amino Acid Metabolism

    1. Glycine
    2. Glycine-Serine-Choline Cycle
    3. Methionine
    4. Branched Chain Amino Acids Catabolism
    5. Phenylalanine/Tyrosine
    6. Trans-sulfuration reaction
    7. Polyamines
    8. Special products of
    a) Glycine
    b) Tyrosine
    c) Phenylalanine
    9. Diseases
    a) Homocystinuria
    b) Maple Syrup Urine Disease
    c) Phenylketonuria
    d) Alkaptonuria-Garrod’s Tetrad
    e) Albinism
    f) Carcinoid Tumours
    g) Hartnup’s Disease

    Plasma Proteins

    1. Normal Serum Electrophoresis


    2. Acute phase proteins
    3. Albumin- Normal Serum Level & Functions
    4. Hemophilia A
    5. A-G Ratio

    Hemoglobin

    1. Structure of Hemoglobin and its functional relationship


    2. Oxygen Dissociation Curve
    3. 2,3-BPG
    4. Met-Hb
    5. Sulf-Hb
    6. HbF
    7. HbA1C
    8. Sickle Cell Anemia and Trait
    9. Thalassemia

    Heme Metabolism

    1. Structure & Synthesis of Heme


    2. Types of Porphyrias
    3. Acute Intermittent Porphyria
    4. Catabolism of Heme
    5. van den Bergh Test for Bilirubin
    6. Criggler-Najjar Syndrome
    7. Gilbert’s Disease
    8. Dubin-Johnson Syndrome
    9. Acquired Hyperbilirubinemias
    10.Hemolytic Disease of New Born

    Mineral Metabolism

    1. Calcium
    2. Iron
    3. Copper – Abnormal Metabolism
    4. Zinc – Dependant Enzymes, Acrodermatitis Enteropathica
    5. Fluoride – Fluorosis
    6. Selenium
    7. Enzymes containing Metals Examples

    Fat Soluble Vitamins

    1. Vitamin A
    2. Vitamin D
    3. Vitamin E – Selenium sparing effect
    4. Vitamin K – Functions and GCG Synthesis

    Water Soluble Vitamins

    1. Thiamine – Beriberi
    2. Riboflavin – Co-enzyme activity and deficiency manifestation
    3. Niacin – Co-enzyme activity, Pellagra Hartnup’s Disease, Carcinoid
    Syndrome
    4. Pyridoxine
    5. Pantothenic Acid – Gopalan’s Burning Foot Syndrome
    6. Biotin – Carboxylation Reactions, Avidin
    7. Folic Acid – Transmethylation reaction, Anemia, Antagonists
    8. Cyanocobalamin
    9. Ascorbic Acid
    Energy Metabolism and Nutrition

    1. BMR
    2. SDA
    3. Dietary Fibre
    4. Biological value of protein. Nutritional basis for ingesting pulses and
    cereals
    5. Protein Energy Malnutrition

    Chemistry of Nucleic Acids

    1. Secondary Structure of B-DNA


    2. Secondary Structure of Z-DNA
    3. Structure of t-RNA
    4. Melting temperature of DNA
    5. DNA types
    6. RNA types
    7. Difference between DNA and RNA
    8. Hyperchromisity
    9. Nucleotide Analogues
    10.Minor or Unusual bases in DNA
    11.Biologically important nucleotides

    Nucleic Acid Metabolism

    1. Salvage Pathway
    2. Analogues as Purine synthesis inhibitors
    3. Assembly of Purine Ring
    4. Gout - Hyperuricemia
    5. Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
    6. SCID
    7. Anti-cancer agents acting on Purine and Pyrimidine
    Molecular Biology

    1. Replication
    2. Transcription
    3. Post-transcriptional modification
    4. Translation
    5. Post-translational modification
    6. rDNA technology
    7. Role of Histones
    8. hnRNA
    9. Reverse transcriptase
    10.Restriction Endonucleases
    11.Cell Cycle
    12.DNA Polymerase in DNA synthesis and repair
    13.Mutation – Defintion, Types, Point Mutation, Xeroderma pigmentosum

    Detoxification and Xenobiotics

    1. Phase I and Phase II reactions

    Cancer Biochemistry

    1. Proto-oncogene, Oncogene, Tumour Suppressor Gene


    2. Tumour markers

    Kidney Function Test

    1. GFR and tests to estimate it


    2. Clearance tests

    Thyroid Function Test

    1. Lab findings in primary and secondary Hypothyroidism


    2. Goitre
    Lab Technology Miscellaneous

    1. Thin layer Chromatography


    2. Paper Chromatography
    3. Rf value
    4. ELISA
    5. Electrophoretic pattern in Nephrotic Syndrome
    6. Radio-immuno assay
    7. PCR-Steps and applications
    8. Inorganic constituents in urine and daily excretion levels
    9. All Blotting techniques

    Miscellaneous

    1. GABA formation and function


    2. Sodium-Potassium Pump
    3. Uses of isotopes in medicine
    4. Structure of immunoglobulin

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