10643-1 Prashant Bhakar SHLOKA SCHOOL BIKANER
10643-1 Prashant Bhakar SHLOKA SCHOOL BIKANER
10643-1 Prashant Bhakar SHLOKA SCHOOL BIKANER
E.T.T.L.
ENGINEERING TRAINING TESTING AND CALIBRATION LABORATORY
Submitted To:
Mr. Prashant Bhakar
Location
SHLOK SCHOOL BIKANER
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION: ................................................................................................................. 3
2. FIELD INVESTIGATION:..................................................................................................... 4
6. RECOMMENDATIONS: ..................................................................................................... 13
1. INTRODUCTION:
The work of conducting the detailed Geotechnical Investigation has been awarded to us who
includes investigation in field, laboratory testing of bulk samples collected from the site and
submission of the test report.
This report includes the detail of Methodology of investigation, collection of samples, field and
properties of soils required for design of foundation and suggesting suitable type of foundation
and safe allowable bearing capacity for safe and strong foundation for various structures.
2. FIELD INVESTIGATION:
The field investigation work at the sites under consideration of this part of the report was
carried out, boreholes of diameter 150 mm, the boreholes were progressed by using power driven
rotary drilling machines. In disintegrated and hard rock strata boreholes were progressed using NX
size (75 mm diameter) double tube barrel with diamond bit. As the core recovery was from top the
rock drilling was done. Standard Penetration Tests were conducted at 1.50 meter interval up to the
depth as per the procedure laid in IS: 2131-1981 in all the bore holes whereas possible. For conducting
the test, the bottom of the borehole was properly cleaned and split spoon sampler was properly seated
in position in the borehole. The split spoon sampler resting on the bottom of borehole was allowed to
sink under its own weight; then the sampler was allowed to penetrate 15 cm with the blows of the
hammer 63.50 kg weight falling free through 75 cm, thereafter the split spoon sampler was further
rd
driven by another 15 cm. For the 3 and final drive, the sampler was further allowed to penetrate 15
cm. The number of blows required to affect each 15 cm of penetration was recorded. The first 15 cm
The total blows of penetration for the second and third 15 cm of penetration is termed the
penetration resistance N. The N‟ values are indicative of the compactness/ relative density of
In case the blows count of SPT in soil (including the number of blows of seating) exceeds 100,
the corresponding penetration was recorded and this particular test at that depth stopped. If the
total penetration is more than the seating penetration of 15 cm, then breakup of blows count for
SPT „N‟ values are correlated with relative of non-cohesive stratum as per BS: 5930 (1999) - for
Hard Above 32
In this method, the sampler acts as a probe and the driving energy is supplied by the fall of the
drop weight. The values of „N‟ depend on the compactness or relative density of the materiel. In
hard formations, the testing is discontinued if „N‟ value is found to be more than 100. It is
termed as refusal.
„N‟ value depends upon degree of saturation and over burden pressure of the formation.
Silty fine sand and fine sand below the water table develop pore water pressure
Depending on the in-situ void ratio which in turn affects the effective stress. This change
Terzaghi and peck have recommended a correction for „N‟ values in case of saturated
silty and fine sand when the „N‟ observed in the field is higher than 15.
Soil sample obtained from standard spoon sampler for all above standard penetration tests were
collected in the polythene bags of suitable size. These samples were property seal, labeled,
Disturbed soil samples were tried to be collected at 1.50-meter interval and at significant
change of stratum. Soil from cutting edge of SPT samplers and retained in split spoon sampler,
used for Standard Penetration Tests was taken as disturbed samples. These samples were
placed without delay in adequately sealed polythene bags. The laboratory tests were conducted
samples (UDS) was obtained in 100 mm diameter MS tubes of length 450 mm at 3.00 meter interval in all the
bore holes.
Undisturbed samples were collected using 75 mm dia. and 450 mm long MS tubes provided with
sampler head with ball check arrangement in power operated rotary drilling for deep bore holes.
Collection of Undisturbed samples in very hard cohesive soils/ dense granular soils/gravels/ cobbles/
pebbles/ boulders, refusal strata is practically not possible and such collected samples will not truly
Immediately after taking undisturbed sample in a tube, the adopter head was removed along with the
disturbed material. The visible ends of the samples shall each be trimmed off any wet disturbed soil.
The ends will then be coated alternately with four layers of just molten wax. More molten wax will
then be added to give a total thickness of not less than 25mm. The laboratory test results have been
reported
2.3Rock Drilling and core samples: Drilling was advanced by rotary core drilling method using double tube
core barrels as per the guidelines of IS: 6926-1996. A double tube core barrel and Nx sized bits are used for
drilling and recovering rock cores. Core Samples were extracted by the application of a continuous pressure at
one end of the core with the barrel held horizontally without vibration.
Immediately after withdrawal from the core barrel, the cores were placed in a tray and transferred into
boxes specially prepared for the purpose. The boxes are made of seasoned timber. Recovered rock
Rock core recovery and Rock Quality Designation were computed for every run length drilled.
The description of the core samples was recorded. Rock core recovered during the NX size rock
drilling have been measured, numbered and packed in wooden core boxes. The core recovery and
2.4 The water table at this site was encountered during the boring operation. Depth of water table was
recorded as per IS 6935-1973. Recorded depth of water table in different bore holes are reported
below.
Water table
Location Depth of Bore (m)
(m)
BH-01 SHLOK SCHOOL
6.00 -
3. LABORATORY INVESTIGATION:
3.1 Field moisture contents were determined by oven drying method as per IS 2720 (part II)-1997.
The results have been reported inTable 1 to table 3 of Appendix A under the title “Laboratory Test
Result”.
3.2 Bulk density of soil strata were obtained using density ring method . The results have been
reported in Table 1 to table 3 of Appendix A under the title “Laboratory Test Result”.
3.3 Mechanical sieve analysis test were performed in accordance with IS 2720 (Part IV) - 1985, for
the purpose of identification by grain size analysis, on coarse part of the soil
3.4 Samples and the results have been reported in Table 1 to table 3 of Appendix A under the title
3.5 Particle size analysis test by hydrometer method were performed in accordance with IS 2720
(Part IV) - 1995 on the part of soil samples obtained after the sieve analysis. The results have
been reported in Table 1 to table 3 of Appendix A under the title “Laboratory Test Result”.
3.6 Atterbergs limits tests were performed in accordance with IS 2720 (part V)-1985 and results have
been reported in Table 1 to table 3 of Appendix A under the title “Laboratory Test Result”.
results have been reported in Table 1 to table 3 of Appendix A under the title “Laboratory Test
Result”.
3.8 Direct shear tests were performed as per IS 2720 (part XII)-1971, on the undisturbed soil samples
obtained during the field investigation. The results have been reported in Table 1 to table 3 of
GEOLOGIST
TERMS DESCRIPTION GRADE
INTERPRETATION
No visible sign of rock material weathering;
perhaps slight coloration on major discontinuity CR > 90 %
Fresh I
surfaces
mass and that in some cases a particular grade may be present to a very small extent. Distribution of the
various weathering grades of rock material in the rock mass may be related to the porosity of the rock
material and the presence of open discontinuities of all types in the rock mass.
4.1 Relation between RQD and In-situ Rock quality is further measured by frequency of natural
joints in rock mass. Rock Quality Designation (RQD) is used to define state of fractures or
Unconfined compressive
Rock type
strength in MPa
Extremely strong >200
Very Strong 100 to 200
Strong 50 to 100
Moderately Strong 12.5 to 50
Moderately Weak 5 to 12.5
Weak 1.25 to 5
Very weak <1.25
calculated on the shear failure criteria suggested as per IS 6403-1981 and settlement criteria as
Looking at the site condition, sub soil stratification and type of proposed structure, calculations
IS : 6403-1981
Where,
Nc, N'c, Nq, N'q, N N' = Bearing capacity factors
C = Unit Cohesion
B = Width ofFooting
Bulk Densit
q = d
Sc,Sq,S = Shape factors
dc, dq,dDepth factors
ic, iqiInclination factors
W' = Correction factor for location for location of water table
Φ = Angle of internal resistance of soil
Φ' = tan -1(0.67 tan ϕ)
Note: - If the void ratio is less than 0.55, the shear failure is considered as General shear failure. On the other
hand, if the relative density is smaller than 20% and the void ratio is greater than 0.75, the failure is local shear
failure. For relative density between 20% and 70% and the void ratio between 0.55 to 0.75, the bearing
capacity factors are obtained by interpolation between the general shear failure and local shear failure.
Estimation of RMR value (Rock Mass Rating) of jointed rock masses may be worked out based
on IS: 13365 (part I). Rock Mass Rating parameters are reproduced from annexure- B of IS 13365
Compressive
Description Strength in Rating Basis
MPa
Exceptionally Strong >250 15
Very Strong 100 to 250 12
UCS value data of
Strong 50 to 100 7 specific borehole
Average 25 to 50 4 from laboratory test is
Weak 10 to 25 2 used in RMR
Very Weak 2 to 10 1
Extremely Weak <2 0
Table 6.3.2: Net safe bearing pressures based on RMR as per Table 3 of IS 12070
Classification No I II III IV V
Very Very
Rock Description Good Fair Poor
Good Poor
RMR 100-81 80-61 60-41 40-21 20-0
Qnet (T/m2) 600-448 440-288 280-151 145-58 55-40
6. RECOMMENDATIONS:
Keeping in mind, the field conditions, field test results, laboratory test results and IS codes of
Isolated footings shall be provided for the foundation of the proposed structures. The depth and
6.2 The depth of the foundation shall be measured from the natural existing ground at the site.
Description of soil
Depth Below NGL
Soil Classification
Nature of Sample
N1 N3 Observed
N2 N'
(Seatin (Secon SPT
(First (Corr
g d N(N2+N3
(Meter)
Drive) ect N)
Drive) Drive) )
Index Property Grain Size Analysis Analysis by Index Property Shear Strength Parameters
index
Hydrometer
C (kg/cm2)
Gravel (%)
Classificati
Void Ratio
Index (%)
Fine Sand
Limit (%)
Limit (%)
Sand (%)
Sand (%)
Cohesion
Moisture
(Degree)
Clay (%)
Medium
Angle of
(gm/cc)
Content
Friction
Specific
Density
Silt (%)
Type of
Gravity
Coarse
Plastic
Plastic
Liquid
Bulk
(Meter)
Test
(Gs)
(%)
(%)
(%)
Soil
on
Φ
1.5 1.71 6.89 0.68 2.689 0.00 1.02 2.32 80.23 16.43 16.43 0.00 21.6 NIL 0.0 DST 0.00 26 SM
3.0 1.72 7.10 0.67 2.680 0.00 1.35 1.65 81.02 15.98 15.98 0.00 21.9 NIL 0.0 DST 0.00 26 SM
4.5 1.72 7.65 0.67 2.670 0.00 1.57 1.78 82.32 14.33 14.33 0.00 21.3 NIL 0.0 DST 0.00 27 SM
6.0 1.72 8.05 0.67 2.655 0.32 1.62 1.95 83.00 13.11 13.11 0.00 21.4 NIL 0.0 DST 0.00 28 SM
For/isolated footing
Calculation of Net Safe Bearing Capacity Based on Shear Parameters C-Φ For BH-01(Local Shear Failure)
Qns=1/FS[2/3*C*NcScdcic + q(Nq-1)Sqdqiq + 0.5*B*γ*Nγ*WqSydyiy] ; Qs=Qns+γd
FS=2.50,Water Table was Encountered .
S.N Size of Depth of Shear Parameter Bearing Capacity Factors Unit Weight Water Table Shape Factor Net Safe Gross Safe
O Foundation Foundati Correction Bearing Bearing
Length Widt on m C(kg/ Φ Φ‟ Nc Nq Ny γ Overb Wq Wγ Sc Sq Sy Capacity Capacity
2)
m h cm urden t/m2 (Qns) t/m2 (Qs)
m q
1 1.50 1.50 1.50 0.00 26 18.02 13.12 5.27 4.08 1.71 2.565 1 1.00 1.30 1.20 0.80 7.88 10.45
2 1.50 1.50 3.00 0.00 26 18.02 13.07 5.25 4.07 1.72 5.160 1 1.00 1.30 1.20 0.80 15.57 20.73
3 1.50 1.50 4.50 0.00 27 18.77 13.68 5.65 4.52 1.72 7.740 1 1.00 1.30 1.20 0.80 27.16 34.90
4 1.50 1.50 6.00 0.00 28 19.53 14.34 6.09 5.03 1.72 10.32 1 1.00 1.30 1.20 0.80 42.71 53.03
For/isolated footing
Calculation of Net Safe Bearing Capacity Based on Shear Parameters C-Φ For BH-01(General Shear Failure)
Qns=1/FS[C*NcScdcic + q(Nq-1)Sqdqiq + 0.5*B*γ*Nγ*WqSydyiy] ; Qs=Qns+γd
FS=2.50,Water Table was Encountered .
S.N Size of Depth of Shear Parameter Bearing Capacity Factors Unit Weight Water Table Shape Factor Net Safe Gross Safe
O Foundation Foundati Correction Bearing Bearing
Length Width on m C(kg/c Φ Nc Nq Ny γ Overburd Wq Wγ Sc Sq Sy Capacity Capacity
m m m2) en q t/m2 (Qns) t/m2 (Qs)
1 1.50 1.50 1.50 0.00 26 22.25 11.85 12.54 1.71 2.565 1 1.00 1.30 1.20 0.80 21.47 24.03
2 1.50 1.50 3.00 0.00 26 22.25 11.85 12.54 1.72 5.160 1 1.00 1.30 1.20 0.80 42.31 47.47
3 1.50 1.50 4.50 0.00 27 23.94 13.20 14.47 1.72 7.740 1 1.00 1.30 1.20 0.80 76.42 84.16
4 1.50 1.50 6.00 0.00 28 25.80 14.72 16.71 1.72 10.320 1 1.00 1.30 1.20 0.80 124.70 135.02
Shape of footing
Depth of footing, D 1.50 Cohesion, C, kg/sq.cm 0.000
Width of footing, B 1.50 Angle of Int.Friction, f 26.00
1.50 Specific Gravity, g 2.689
Bulk Density, Yd, gm/cc 1.710
Depth of Water
15.00 Sat. Density, Ysat, gm/cc 2.005
Table,m
Ratio
9.000 1.000 Sub. Density, Y', gm/cc 1.005
d/B
Water Table Factor 1.00 Inclination Angle a 0
Effective Surcharge 0.00 m Factor of Safety 2.5
over EGL, m 1.000
Surcharge Density Assumed,
Dry Density, Yd,
1.600 6.89 gm/cc
gm/cc
Overburden Pressure, 2.57 t/m2 Void Ratio, eo = G x Yw -1
Shear Zone, H 1.35 = 0.5 B tan (45+ϕ/2) Yd
= 0.680
Mode of Failure
Intermediate Shear Failure
=
Nc''
F' = Tan-1(0.67 tan F) 16.316 22.25 13.12
=
Nq''
= 18.10 7.572 11.85 5.27
=
Ng'' = 7.039 12.54 4.08
Inter General Local
Void
0.55 0.75 Recommonded SBC
Ratio
0.55 0.75 0.680
qu = Net Safe
Bearing Capacity, 21.47 7.88 12.64
t/m2