Spon’s

Civil Engineering and

Highway Works
Price Book

2022
 Spon’s
Civil Engineering and
Highway Works
Price Book

Edited by

2022
Thirty-sixth edition
First edition 1984
Thirty-sixth edition published 2022
by CRC Press
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
and by CRC Press
Taylor & Francis, Broken Sound Parkway, NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487
CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2022 Taylor & Francis
The right of AECOM Ltd to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted by them in
accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or
by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission
in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and
are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the
information contained in this book and cannot accept legal responsibility or liability for any errors
or omissions that may be made.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-03-205220-5
Ebook: 978-1-00-319662-4
DOI: 10.1201/9781003196624
ISSN: 0957-171X

Typeset in Arial by Taylor & Francis Books

 Contents

Preface to the Thirty-Sixth Edition ix

Acknowledgements xiii

PART 1: GENERAL
Brexit and the UK construction sector 3

Purpose and content of the book 5

Outline of the tendering and estimating process 9

Research & Development (R&D) tax relief 17

Capital allowances 23

Value added tax 31

The aggregates levy 39

Land remediation 45

The landfill tax 55

PART 2: ONCOSTS AND PROFIT

Risk/opportunity 61

Head office overheads 61

Profit 61

Finance costs – assessment of contract investment 61

Value added tax 63

Tender summary 64

PART 3: COST AND TENDER PRICE INDICES

Introduction 67

A constructed cost index 67

The road construction cost index 68

Regional variations 70

PART 4: RESOURCES
Basis of this section 73
Labour costs 75
Plant costs 81

PART 5: APPROXIMATE ESTIMATING

Preliminaries and general items
89 2.4 Stairs and ramps 125
Building prices per square metre
105 2.5 External walls 127
Approximate estimating rates – General
2.6 Windows and external doors 132
building works
113 2.7 Internal walls and partitions 135
1 Substructure
113 2.8 Internal doors 138
1.1 Substructure
113 3 Internal finishes 139
2 Superstructures
3.1 Wall finishes 139
2.1 Frame
118 3.2 Floor finishes 140
2.2 Upper floors
120 3.3 Ceiling finishes 142
2.3 Roof
121 4 Fittings, furnishings and equipment 143
vi Contents

4.1 Fittings, furnishings and 8.3 Soft landscaping, planting and

equipment 143
irrigation systems 152

5 Services 145
8.4 Fencings, railings and walls 153

5.1 Sanitary installations 145

8.5 External fixtures 154

5.4 Water installations 146

8.6 External drainage 155

5.6 Space heating and air conditioning 146

8.7 External services 158

5.7 Ventilating systems 146

8.8 Ancillary buildings and structures 159

5.8 Electrical installations 147

9 Main contractor’s preliminaries 160

5.9 Fuel installations 148

9.2 Main contractor’s preliminaries 160

5.10 Lift and conveyor installations 148

Approximate estimating rates – Ancillary

5.11 Fire and lightning protection 149

building works 162

5.12 Communication and security

Water and treatment facilities 162

Installations 149
Earth retention and stabilization 162

5.13 Special installations 150

Bridgeworks 163

5.14 Builder’s work in connection with Tunnelling field costs 164

services 150
Highway works 165

8 External works 150

Underpasses 167

8.2 Roads, paths, pavings and surfaces 150

Access scaffolding 168

Temporary works 168

PART 6: UNIT COSTS – CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS

Introductory notes 171
Class L: Pipework – supports and protection,
Guidance notes 173
ancillaries to laying and excavation 270

Class A: General items 175

Class M: Structural metalwork 275

Class B: Ground investigation 179

Class N: Miscellaneous metalwork 277

Class C: Geotechnical and other specialist

Class O: Timber 283

processes 183
Class P: Piles 290

Class D: Demolition and site clearance 190

Class Q: Piling ancillaries 303

Class E: Earthworks 193

Class R: Roads and pavings 310

Class F: In situ concrete 212

Class S: Rail track 326

Class G: Concrete ancillaries 218

Class T: Tunnels 334

Class H: Precast concrete 231

Class U: Brickwork, blockwork and masonry 341

Class I: Pipework - pipes 233

Class V: Painting 356

Class J: Pipework – fittings and valves 255

Class W: Waterproofing 364

Class K: Pipework – manholes and pipework

Class X: Miscellaneous work 370

ancillaries 256
Class Y: Sewer and water main renovation

and ancillary works 375

PART 7: UNIT COSTS – HIGHWAY WORKS

Introductory notes 387
Series 1400: Electrical work for road lighting
Guidance notes 389
and traffic signs 474

Series 100: Preliminaries 393

Series 1500: Motorway communications 477

Series 200: Site clearance 395

Series 1600: Piling and embedded retaining

Series 300: Fencing 398

walls 479

Series 400: Road restraint systems (vehicle

Series 1700: Structural concrete 496

and pedestrian) 402

Series 1800: Steelwork for structures 503

Series 500: Drainage and service ducts 409

Series 1900: Protection of steelwork against

Series 600: Earthworks 432

corrosion 504

Series 700: Pavements 450

Series 2000: Waterproofing for structures 506

Series 1100: Kerbs, footways & paved areas 457

Series 2100: Bridge bearings 508

Series 1200: Traffic signs and road markings 465

Series 2300: Bridge expansion joints and

Series 1300: Road lighting columns and

sealing of gaps 510

brackets, CCTV masts and cantilever masts 471

 Contents vii

Series 2400: Brickwork, blockwork and Series 2700: Accommodation works, works for

stonework 511 statutory undertakers 519

Series 2500: Special structures 518 Series 3000: Landscape and ecology 520

Series 5000: Maintenance painting of steelwork 531

PART 8: DAYWORK
Introduction 535

Schedules of dayworks carried out incidental to contract work 535

Application of dayworks 537

PART 9: PROFESSIONAL FEES

Consulting engineers' conditions of appointment 545

Quantity surveyors' conditions of appointment 549

PART 10: OUTPUTS

Disposal of excavated materials 553

Breaking out pavements, brickwork, concrete and masonry by hand and pneumatic breaker 554

Loading loose materials and items by hand 555

Placing ready mixed concrete in the works 556

Fixing bar reinforcement 557

Erecting formwork to beams and walls 558

Erecting formwork to slabs 558

Multipliers for formwork 558

Laying and jointing flexible-jointed clayware pipes 559

Precast concrete manholes in sections 560

Tunnelling, diaphragm walls, major earthworks & fencing 561

PART 11: USEFUL ADDRESSES FOR FURTHER INFORMATION 563

PART 12: TABLES AND MEMORANDA 573

INDEX 667

 SPON’S 2022 PRICEBOOKS from AECOM

Spon’s Architects’ and Spon’s Civil Engineering and

Builders’ Price Book 2022 Highway Works Price Book
Editor: AECOM
2022
Editor: AECOM

New items this year include: This year gives more items on shafts,
- a London fringe office cost model tunnelling, drainage and water proofing –
- a Higher Education Refurbishment cost covering some brand new materials and
model methods. Notes have been added to
- Pecafil® permanent formwork tunnelling, viaducts, D-walls and piling
and an expanded range of cast iron under the output section. The book
rainwater products partially reflects costs and new ways of
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Hbk & VitalSource® ebook 868pp approx. pandemic.
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VitalSource® ebook Hbk & VitalSource® ebook 704 pp approx.
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(inc. sales tax where appropriate)
VitalSource® ebook
978-1-003-05368-2 £195
(inc. sales tax where appropriate)

Spon’s External Works and Spon’s Mechanical and

Landscape Price Book 2022 Electrical Services Price Book
2022
Editor: AECOM in association with LandPro Ltd
Landscape Surveyors Editor: AECOM

Now with a revised and updated street An overhaul of the uninterruptible power
furniture section. supply section, and revised costs for air
Plus several new items: source heat pumps.
- Kinley systems: Metal edgings and Plus new items, including:
systems for landscapes and podiums HDPE pipe for above ground drainage
- New cost evaluations of water features systems; fire protection mist systems; and
- Stainless steel landscape channel electric vehicle chargers
drainage
Hbk & VitalSource® ebook 864pp approx.
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Hbk & VitalSource® ebook 680pp VitalSource® ebook
approx. 978-0-367-51404-4 £165 978-1-003-05370-5 £175
VitalSource® ebook (inc. sales tax where appropriate)
978-1-003-05369-9 £165
(inc. sales tax where appropriate)
Receive our VitalSource® ebook free when
you order any hard copy Spon 2022 Price
Book

Visit www.pricebooks.co.uk

To order:
Tel: 01235 400524
Email: [email protected]
A complete listing of all our books is on www.routledge.com

Information Classification: General

 Preface to the Thirty-Sixth Edition

At the time of writing the construction industry continues to experience retarded growth in both turnover and
margin because of Brexit and COVID 19 pandemic impact, however only part of these impact has been included
in this book. Raw materials, supplier and manufactured goods have in recent months shown moderate to high
price increases against the published list price, much of this increase is due to constraints to comply with COVID
social distance rules. There has been reasonable workload in the infrastructure following the construction of HS2
Project, Crossrail Project, modernisations of London Underground and Network rail lines, Thames Tideway
Tunnel, and other highway projects like Lower Thames Crossing. The start of the site delivery of HS2 project has
driven some skilled labour demands in the infrastructure projects somehow to the limits. This is due to the scale of
labour, plant and material requirements. The resultant from increased spending announcements on HS2 and
other infrastructure projects will continue to increase growth expectation between 2021 and into 2022 even though
this has been dwindled by the impact of Covid 19. Levels of expenditure in infrastructure are expected to rise over
the next two to three years to sustain the economy and that may impact on the prices of labour, material, and
plant. On the other side we have seen decrease in labour resource due to Brexit and this scarcity of labour
resource may result to increase in labour costs.

Oil prices fell sharply in 2020 and starting to rise beginning of 2021 and is expecting to rise as some COVID
restrictions are being lifted globally and normal daily operations pickup. USA is likely to become a net exporter as
a result of a significant level of shale oil and gas being found and this is having a profound effect on world prices.
Steel demand has increased with producers managing capacity within Europe, and therefore steel prices have
gradually increased. Growth forecasts in the Eurozone and currency fluctuations are keeping imported goods
relatively stable. Cement and aggregates are beginning to creep up as are bituminous products which form a
significant part of infrastructure material costs. Labour increased slightly in 2021 and is expected to continue with
slow trend due to impact of Brexit and COVID. However, skills labour will continue to be scarce and will push
overall costs higher. Failures through insolvency are reducing competition with bidders being more selective over
which projects they commit resources to, seeking to ensure higher success rates and increased profitability.

Under these market conditions the prices in the various parts of this publication can only be taken as a guide to
actual costs. Any sustained upturn may give rise to marked increases in selling prices as manufacturers and
specialists seek to recover margins lost in the downturn.

London, the North and the South East all remain active and construction activities should continue in the next few
years across the UK with mainly HS2 projects plus other projects like Lower Thames Crossing, road schemes,
Mersey Crossing and Thames Tideway Tunnelling leading to increased expenditure. Network Rail continues its
ongoing renewals programme estimated at £51bn commitment for the next five year. This is expected to generate
significant activity throughout 2021. The impact of HS2 is expected to affect performance levels as its now on-site
delivery stage. The slow down in aviation will also have a negative impact on the infrastructure capital investment
expenditure.

For the 2022 edition, we have undertaken a general update of all prices up to May/June 2021 in consultation with
leading manufacturers, suppliers and specialist contractors and included revisions as necessary. Our efforts have
been directed at reviewing, revising and consolidating the scope, range and detail of information to help the user
to compare or adjust any unit costs with reference to allocated resources or outputs.

The rates, prices and outputs included in the Resources and Unit Cost calculations, including allowances for
wastage, normal productivity and efficiency, are based on medium sized Civil Engineering schemes of about £50–
£300 million in value, with no acute access or ground condition problems. However, they are equally applicable,
with little or no adjustment, to a wide ranges of construction projects from £2–£250 million. Where suitable, tables
of multipliers have been given to enable easy adjustment to outputs or costs for varying work conditions.
x Preface to the Thirty-Sixth Edition

As with all attempts to provide price guidance on a general basis, this must be loaded with caveats. In applying
the rates to any specific project, the user must take into account the general nature of the project, i.e. matters
such as scale, site difficulties, locale, tender climate etc. This book aims at providing as much information as
possible about the nature of the rate so as to assist the user to adapt it if necessary. With safety a foremost
objective on every project, an added element of cost is incurred as represented by the preliminaries percentage
adjustments. Each project experiences differing levels of risk and as such the adjustments should be made rela-
tive to each situation.

This edition continues to provide the reader with cost guidance at a number of levels, varying from the more
general functional costs shown in Part 5, through the detailed unit costs in Parts 6 and 7 which relate respectively
to the CESMM4 and the Highways Method of Measurement bills of quantities formats, down to the detailed
resource costing given in Part 4 supplemented by the further advice on output factors in Part 10.

The outputs used in this work have been compiled in detail from the editors' wide-ranging experience and are
based almost exclusively on studies and records derived from a number of recent Civil Engineering schemes. This
information is constantly being re-appraised to ensure consistency with current practice. A number of prices and
outputs are based upon detailed specialist advice and acknowledgements to the main contributors are included
within the book.

The current market is showing signs of volatility in both labour and materials in the forthcoming period, however,
to monitor this and maintain accuracy levels readers should use the free price book update service, which advises
of any significant changes to the published information over the period covered by this edition. The Update is
posted free every three months on the publishers’ website, until the publication of the next annual Price Book, to
those readers who have registered with the publisher. Details of how to register can be found at the end of the
book.

Whilst all efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of the data and information used in the book, neither the editors
nor the publishers can in any way accept liability for loss of any kind resulting from the use made by any person of
such information.

Coronavirus Pandemic

At the time the book data was being collated the Coronavirus pandemic is resulting in unique and extra-
ordinary impacts on many industry sectors. Expansive and immediate disruption to populations, econo-
mies and businesses was quickly introduced by the public health crisis, as governments across the world
introduced measures to contain the Coronavirus outbreak. These mitigation measures directly address
the public health risks and implications from Coronavirus and COVID−19, but an economic demand and
supply shock is also a consequence of the actions.

With all this in mind we believe that UK construction supply chain firms will face an array of risks during
2021 as the fallout from the crisis continues to evolve. Due to the evolving and still uncertain outlook, for
the purposes of forming this baseline scenario on market drivers, the following assumptions have been
used:

＋ The full UK/RoI lockdown ended in May/June but the social distancing measures are still in place.
＋ Construction sites begin reopening in the 2021 Q2, steadily increasing in number over 2021 Q3.
＋ Coronavirus infection transfer risk is mitigated by ongoing social distancing measures in force across the
population. However, the new variant forced a further full lockdown implementation towards the end of
2020 to second half of 2021. It should be acknowledged that further lockdowns could take place if the
transfer rate of infection begins to increase once again in the second half of 2021.
＋ Social distancing rules are implemented on construction sites where possible, which have negative impacts
on site productivity.
＋ Construction output across 2021 Q1/Q2 was severely impacted because of site lockdowns, furloughs and
decisions made by businesses to pause their construction activity. In the medium-term (6–12 months)
 Preface to the Thirty-Sixth Edition xi

output improves from restarted construction activity but is still materially impacted though to a lesser extent
than 2021 Q1.
＋ Underlying construction demand into the medium-term remains broadly in place, although some projects
are deferred or held because of funding challenges or client-side decisions.
＋ Risks and impacts from the potential for the coronavirus public health crisis developing into a financial
crisis.

AECOM Ltd
Aldgate Tower
2 Leman Street
London
E1 8FA
 ESSENTIAL READING FROM TAYLOR AND FRANCIS

Construction 4.0:
An Innovation Platform for
the Built Environment

Edited By Anil Sawhney, Michael Riley and

Javier Irizarry

Modelled on the concept of Industry 4.0, the idea of Construction 4.0 is based on a confluence
of trends and technologies that promise to reshape the way built environment assets are
designed, constructed, and operated.
With the pervasive use of Building Information Modelling (BIM), lean principles, digital
technologies, and offsite construction, the industry is at the cusp of this transformation. The
critical challenge is the fragmented state of teaching, research, and professional practice in
the built environment sector. This handbook aims to overcome this fragmentation by
describing Construction 4.0 in the context of its current state, emerging trends and
technologies, and the people and process issues that surround the coming transformation.
Construction 4.0 is a framework that is a confluence and convergence of the following broad
themes discussed in this book:
• Industrial production (prefabrication, 3D printing and assembly, offsite manufacture)
• Cyber-physical systems (actuators, sensors, IoT, robots, cobots, drones)
• Digital and computing technologies (BIM, video and laser scanning, AI and cloud
computing, big data and data analytics, reality capture, Blockchain, simulation, augmented
reality, data standards and interoperability, and vertical and horizontal integration)
The aim of this handbook is to describe the Construction 4.0 framework and consequently
highlight the resultant processes and practices that allow us to plan, design, deliver, and
operate built environment assets more effectively and efficiently by focusing on the physical-
to-digital transformation and then digital-to-physical transformation. This book is essential
reading for all built environment and AEC stakeholders who need to get to grips with the
technological transformations currently shaping their industry, research, and teaching.

February 2020: 526 pp

ISBN: 9780367027308

To Order
Tel:+44 (0) 1235 400524
Email: [email protected]

For a complete listing of all our titles visit:

www.tandf.co.uk
 Acknowledgements

The Editors wish to record their appreciation of the assistance given by many individuals and organizations in the
compilation of this edition.
Materials suppliers and subcontractors who have contributed this year include:

Abacus Lighting Ltd Andrews Sykes

Lighting and Street Furniture Dewatering
Tel: 01623 511111 Tel: 0800 211 611

Fax: 01623 552133 Website: http: //www.andrews-sykes.com/

Website: www.abacuslighting.com
Email: [email protected]
Arcelor Mittal Commercial UK Ltd

Steel Sheet Piling

ACO Technologies Plc Tel: 0121 713 6674
Drainage Systems Mob: 07772 324 595
Tel: 01462 816666 Website: http: //sheetpiling.arcelormittal.com/
Fax: 01462 815895 Email: [email protected]
Website: www.aco.co.uk
Email: [email protected]
Asset International Structures
Steel Culverts
Aggregate Industries Tel: 01633 637505
Kerbs, Edgings and Pavings Website: www.assetint.co.uk
Tel: 01530 510066 Email: [email protected]
Website: www.aggregate.com
AWBS LTD
Ainscough Crane Hire Limited Walling
Crane Hire Tel: 01865 326500
Tel: 0800 272 637 Website: http: //www.awbsltd.com/
Website: http: //www.ainscough.co.uk/ Email: [email protected]
Email: [email protected]
Bachy Soletanche Ltd
Alumet Systems (UK) Ltd Diaphragm Walling
Fixings Tel: 01704 895686
Tel: 01926 811 677
Fax: 01704 895581
Website: http: //www.alumet.co.uk/
Website: www.bacsol.co.uk
Email: [email protected]

Balfour Beatty Engineering Services

Amec Foster Wheeler Plc (Wood Plc)
Subcontractor Piles
Tel: 020 7429 7500
Tel: 0207 216 6800

Fax: 020 7429 7550

Website: http: //www.balfourbeatty.com/

Website: http: //www.woodplc.com/

Barhale Plc

Anaco Trading Ltd

Pipe Jacking
Reinforcing Bar Tel: 01922 707 700
Tel: 01832 272109 Fax: 01922 721 808
Fax: 01832 275759 Website: http: //www.barhale.co.uk/
Website: www.anacotrading.com Email [email protected]
xiv Acknowledgements

Bison Manufacturing Limited Cementation Foundations Skanska Ltd

Flooring Piling
Tel: 01283 817500 Tel: 01923 776666

Fax: 01283 220563 Website: http: //www.skanska.co.uk/services/

Website: http: //www.bison.co.uk/ cementation-piling-and-foundations/

Email: [email protected]

Cogne UK LTD

BRC Reinforcement
Steel Works
Masonry Reinforcement and Accessories
Tel: 0114 221 2020
Tel: 02074 741 800
Fax: 0114221 3030
Fax: 02038 762 909
Website: http: //www.cogne.co.uk/
Website: http: //www.brc.ltd.uk
Email: [email protected]
Email: [email protected]

Bromborough Paints CPM Group

Paint Drainage Materials
Tel: 0151 334 1237 Tel: 01179 814 500
Fax: 0151 334 0086 Fax: 01179 814 511
Website: http: //www.bromboroughpaints.co.uk/ Website: www.cpm-group.com
Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

Broxap Ltd Craig West Turf Ltd

Street Furniture Landscaping
Tel: 0844 800 4085 / 01782 564411 Tel: 01179 982 2255
Fax: 01782 565 357/562 546 Website: http: //cwtls.co.uk/
Website: http: //www.broxap.com/ Email: [email protected] / [email protected]
Email: [email protected]

Buildbase Civils & Lintels (Grafton Group Plc) Craigton Industries

Drainage Materials Precast Concrete Manholes
Tel: 01322 446200 Tel: 0141 956 6585 or 2311
Website: https: //www.civilsandlintels.co.uk/ Fax: 0141 956 3757
Email: [email protected] Website: http: //craigtonindustries.co.uk/
Email: [email protected]

Capital Demolition
Demolition and Clearance Darlaston Builders Merchants
Tel: 01932 355 737 Walling
Fax: 01932 340 244 Tel: 0121 526 2449

Website: www.capitaldemolition.co.uk Website: http: //www.dbmdiy.com/

Email: [email protected]
Don & Low Ltd

CCL Stressing Systems Geotextiles

Bridge Bearings Tel: 01307 452 200
Tel: 0113 270 1221 Fax: 01307 452 300
Website: http: //www.cclint.com/ Website: www.donlow.co.uk
Email: [email protected]
Dorsey Construction Materials Ltd
Celsa Steel (UK) Ltd Water Stops
Bar Reinforcement Tel: 0118 975 3377
Tel: 0292 035 1800 Fax: 0118 975 3393
Fax: 0292 035 1801 Website: http: //www.dorseyconstructionmaterials.co.
Website: www.celsauk.com uk/home/
Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]
 Acknowledgements xv

Dulux Freyssinet Ltd

Paint Reinforced Earth Systems
Tel: 0333 222 7070 Tel: 01952 201901
Website: https: //www.duluxtradepaintexpert.co.uk/ Fax: 01952 201753
Email: [email protected] Website: www.freyssinet.co.uk
Email: [email protected]
Ecochoice Ltd
Timber Piles
Tel: 0345 638 1340 GCP Applied Technologies
Fax: 0845 642 1340 Waterproofing/Expansion Joints
Website: www.ecochoice.co.uk Tel: 01480 478421
Email: info@ ecochoice.co.uk Fax: 01753 490000
Website: https: //gcpat.uk/en-gb
Email: [email protected]
EPCO PLASTICS
Drains
Tel: 0113 249 1155
Geolabs
Website: https: //www.epco-plastics.com/
Ground Investigation
Email: [email protected]
Tel: 01923 892 190
Fax: 01923 892 191
Euromix Concrete Website: http: //geolabs.co.uk/
Ready Mix Concrete Email: [email protected]
Tel: 01245 464545

Website: http: //www.euromixconcrete.com/

George Lines Merchants

Everyvalve Ltd
Paving
Tel: 0044(0)1707642018
Tel: 01753 685354
Fax: 0044(0)1707646340
Fax: 01753 686031
Website: http: //www.everyvalve.com/
Website: http: //www.georgelines.co.uk/
Email: [email protected]
Email: [email protected]

Expamet

General Building Materials George Walker Ltd

Tel: 0845 5172761 Timber
Website: www.expamet.co.uk Tel: 0116 260 8330
Email: [email protected] Fax: 0116 269 7450
Website: http: //www.george-walker.co.uk/
Email: [email protected]
Fischer Fixings (UK) Ltd
Fixings
Tel: 01491 827900
Greenham Trading Ltd
Website: www.fischer.co.uk
TW7 4EX
Email: [email protected]
Contractors Site Equipment
Tel: 0845 300 6672
Forterra Building Products Ltd Fax: 0208 568 8423
Bricks Website: www.greenham.com
Tel: 01604 707600
Email: [email protected]
Website: http: //forterra.co.uk/

Fosroc Ltd
Griffiths Signs
Waterproofing and Expansion Joints Signage
Tel: 01827 262222 Tel: 01633 895566
Fax: 01827 262444 Fax: 01633 895577
Website: www.fosrocuk.com Website: http: //www.griffiths-signs.co.uk/
Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]
xvi Acknowledgements

Hanson UK K B Rebar Ltd

Cement Steel Reinforcement
Tel: 01628 774100 Tel: 0161 790 8635
Website: http: //www.hanson.co.uk/en Fax: 0161 799 7083
Email: [email protected] Website: www.kbrebar.co.uk
Email: [email protected]
Hill & Smith Ltd
Safety Barrier Systems Keyline Builders Merchants Ltd
Tel: 01902 499400 Waterproofing
Website: https: //www.hill-smith.co.uk/ Tel: 0141 777 8979
Email: [email protected] Website: http: //www.keyline.co.uk/
Email: [email protected]
HSS Hire
Access Staging and Towers
L&R Roadlines Ltd
Tel: 0161 7494090
Fax: 0161 749 4401 Road Markings
Website: http: //www.hss.com/ Tel: +44 (0)151 355 4100 / 356 2222
Email: [email protected] Website: http: //www.lrroadlines.co.uk/
Email: [email protected]

IKO Roofing Specification Division

Asphalt Products M & T Pipeline Supplies Ltd
Tel: 01257 255 771 Drains
Fax: 01257 252514 Tel: 0141 774 8300
Website: http: //www.ikogroup.co.uk/ Fax: 0141 774 7300
Email: [email protected] Website: http: //www.mtpipe.co.uk/
Email: [email protected]
Inform UK Ltd
Formwork and Accessories Maccaferri Ltd
Tel: 01223 862230 River and Sea Gabions
Fax: 01223 440246 Tel: 01865 770555
Website: http: //www.informuk.co.uk/ Website: https: //www.maccaferri.com/uk/
Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

Jacksons Fencing Ltd

Marley Plumbing & Drainage Ltd
Fencing
uPVC Drainage and Rainwater Systems
Tel: 01233 750393 / 0800 408 2234
Tel: 01622 858888
Fax: 01233 750403
Website: http: //www.marleyplumbinganddrainage.com/
Website: www.jackson-fencing.co.uk
Email: [email protected]
Email: [email protected]

James Latham Plc Marshalls Mono Ltd

Timber Merchants Kerbs, Edgings and Pavings
Tel: 01442 849100 Tel: 01422 312000
Fax: 01442 267241 Website: www.marshalls.co.uk
Website: www.lathamtimber.co.uk Email: [email protected]
Email: [email protected]
Milton Precast
John Bell Pipeline Pre-cast Concrete Solutions
Carbon Steel Drainage Tel: 01795 425191
Tel: 01224 714514 Fax: 01795 420360
Website: http: //www.jbpipeline.co.uk Website: http: //www.miltonprecast.co.uk/
Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]
 Acknowledgements xvii

Mone Bros Redman Fisher Ltd

Geotech Flooring and Metal Work
Tel: 0113 252 3636 Tel: +44 (0) 1952 685110
Website: http: //www.monebros.co.uk/index.htm Fax: +44 (0) 1952 685117
Email: [email protected] Website: www.redmanfisher.co.uk
Email: [email protected]

Morelock Signs
Traffic Signs Remmers (UK) Limited
Tel: 01902 637 575 Waterproofing
Website: www.morelock.co.uk Tel: 01293 594 010
Fax: 01293 594 037
Website: http: //www.remmers.co.uk/
Moveright International Ltd Email: [email protected]
Abnormal Load Specialists
Tel: +44 (0)1675 475590
RIW Limited
Fax: +44 (0)1675 475591
Waterproofing
Website: http: //moverightinternational.com/
Tel: 01344 397777 / 7788
Email: [email protected]
Website: http: //www.riw.co.uk/
Email: [email protected]
Naylor Drainage Ltd
Clayware Pipes and Fittings Roger-Bullivant Ltd
Tel: 01226 790591 Pilling and Foundations
Fax: 01226 790531 Tel: 0845 838 1801
Website: www.naylor.co.uk Website: www.roger-bullivant.co.uk
Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

Pearce Signs Ltd ROM Ltd

Gantry Signs Formwork, Reinforcement and Accessories
Tel: 01159 409620 Tel: 01543 421600
Website: http: //www.pearcesigns.com/ Website: www.rom.co.uk
Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] / [email protected]

PHI Group Ltd Saint-Gobain Pipelines PLC

Retaining Walls, Gabions Cast Iron Pipes and Fittings,
Tel: 01242 707600 Polymer Concrete Channels,
Website: www.phigroup.co.uk Manhole Covers and Street Furniture
Email: [email protected] Tel: 0115 9305000
Website: www.saint-gobain-pipelines.co.uk
Email: [email protected]
Pipestock Limited
Conduits Stocksigns Ltd
Tel: 01794 835835
Road Signs and Posts
Fax: 0845 634 1056 (local rate)
Tel: 01737 774 072
Website: http: //www.pipestock.com/
Website: www.stocksigns.co.uk
Email: [email protected]
Email: [email protected]

Platipus Anchors Ltd

Structural Soil Ltd
Earth Anchors Ground Investigation
Tel: 01737 762300 Tel: 01179471000
Website: www.platipus-anchors.com Website: www.soils.co.uk
Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]
xviii Acknowledgements

Sundeala Limited Varley and Gulliver Ltd

Flexcell Board Bridge Parapets
Tel: 01453 708689 Tel: 0121 773 2441
Website: http: //www.sundeala.co.uk/ Website: www.v-and-g.co.uk
Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

Tarmac Trading Limited

Vibro Menard
Prestressed Concrete Beams and Blockwork
Ground Consolidation
Tel: 0121 787 5001
Tel: 01704 891039
Website: http: //www.tarmac.com/
Website: http: //www.vibromenard.co.uk/
Email: [email protected]
Email: [email protected]

Tata Steel Ltd

Steel Products Wavin (OSMA)
Tel: 020 7717 4444 Plastic Piping and Drainage
Fax: 020 7717 4455 Tel: 01709 856 300

Website: http: //www.tatasteeleurope.com/ Website: https: //www.wavin.com/en-gb/

Email: [email protected]

Wavin Plastics Ltd

Tensar International UPVC Drain Pipes and Fittings

Soil Reinforcement Tel: 01249 766600

Tel: 01254 262431 Website: https: //www.wavin.com/en-gb/

Fax: 01254 266868

Website: www.tensar.co.uk
Email: [email protected] Wells Spiral Tubes Ltd

Steel Culverts
Travis Perkins plc Tel: 01535 664231
Builders Merchants Fax: 01535 664235
Tel: 01604 752424 Website: www.wells-spiral.co.uk
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.travisperkinsplc.co.uk
Email: [email protected]

Winn & Coales (Denso) Ltd

Unistrut Anti-corrosion and Sealing Products
Concrete Inserts Tel: 0208 670 7511
Tel: 0121 580 6300 Fax: 0208 761 2456
Fax: 0121 580 6370 Website: www.denso.net
Website: http: //www.unistrut.co.uk/ Email: [email protected]
 SPON’S 2022 PRICEBOOKS from AECOM

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Editor: AECOM
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A complete listing of all our books is on www.routledge.com

Information Classification: General

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 ESSENTIAL READING FROM TAYLOR AND FRANCIS

Construction Contracts:
Questions & Answers,
4th edition

David Chappell

This fully revised and updated edition of Construction Contracts: Questions and
Answers includes 300 questions and incorporates 42 new judicial decisions, the JCT
2016 updates and the RIBA Building Contracts and Professional Services Contracts
2018 updates.

Construction professionals of all kinds frequently need legal advice that is

straightforward as well as authoritative and legally rigorous. Building on the success
of previous editions, David Chappell continues to provide answers to real-world
FAQs from his experience as consultant and Specialist Advisor to the RIBA.
Questions range in content from extensions of time, liquidated damages and loss
and/or expense to issues of practical completion, defects, valuation, certificates and
payment, architects’ instructions, adjudication and fees.

Every question included has been asked of David Chappell during his career and his
answers are authoritative but written as briefly and simply as possible. Legal
language is avoided but legal cases are given to enable anyone interested to read
more deeply into the reasoning behind the answers. This is not only a useful
reference for architects, project managers, quantity surveyors and lawyers, but also
a useful student resource to stimulate interesting discussions about real-world
construction contract issues.

November 2020: 302 pp

ISBN: 9780367532086

To Order
Tel:+44 (0) 1235 400524
Email: [email protected]

For a complete listing of all our titles visit:

www.tandf.co.uk
 PART 1

General

Page

Brexit and the UK construction sector 3

Purpose and content of the book 5

Outline of the tendering and estimating process 9

Research and Development (R&D) tax relief 17

Capital allowances 23

Value added tax 31

The aggregates levy 39

Land remediation 45

The landfill tax 55

 ESSENTIAL READING FROM TAYLOR AND FRANCIS

CPD in the Built Environment

Greg Watt and Norman Watts

The aim of this book is to provide a single source of information to support continuing
professional development (CPD) in the built environment sector.

The book offers a comprehensive introduction to the concept of CPD and provides robust
guidance on the methods and benefits of identifying, planning, monitoring, actioning, and
recording CPD activities. It brings together theories, standards, professional and industry
requirements, and contemporary arguments around individual personal and professional
development. Practical techniques and real-life best practice examples outlined from within
and outside of the industry empower the reader to take control of their own built environment-
related development, whilst also providing information on how to develop fellow staff
members. The contents covered in this book align with the requirements of numerous
professional bodies, such as the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS), the
Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE), and the Chartered Institute of Builders (CIOB).

The chapters are supported by case studies, templates, practical advice, and guidance. The
book is designed to help all current and future built environment professionals manage their
own CPD as well as managing the CPD of others. This includes helping undergraduate and
postgraduate students complete CPD requirements for modules as part of a wide range of
built environment university degree courses and current built environment professionals of all
levels and disciplines who wish to enhance their careers through personal and professional
development, whether due to professional body requirements or by taking control of
identifying and achieving their own educational needs.

April 2021: 182 pp

ISBN: 9780367372156

To Order
Tel:+44 (0) 1235 400524
Email: [email protected]

For a complete listing of all our titles visit:

www.tandf.co.uk
Brexit and the UK Construction Sector

The EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) came into effect at 11pm on 31st December 2020. The
principle of the TCA is to lower or remove tariffs on traded goods between the two geographies. However, as a
result of the TCA and choices made during the negotiation, a raft of non-tariff barriers (NTBs) also apply in a
material and significant way to trade between the UK and the European Union. NTBs introduce significant
administrative overheads and burdens that will almost certainly add to the costs and impact the running of UK
construction, not least additional time risks.
The UK points-based immigration scheme will affect labour supply to the construction industry, while at the same
time emigration trends from the UK amplify prevailing workforce capacity constraints.
All of these dramatic changes will take some time to settle down as the industry begins to fully understand the raft
of new rules and regulations which are affecting nearly every facet of project delivery in the UK and throughout the
EU.

TARIFFS
Tariffs can be viewed as a tax by one country on the imports of goods and services from another country. They
can also be seen as protections for domestic producers. Tariffs are applied either as fixed percentages irrespec-
tive of the type or value of good imported, or they are levied as a percentage of the value of the imported good. A
consequence of tariffs can be to raise the prices of goods or services in the market where they are imported, with
consumers ultimately bearing the cost.

NON-TRADE BARRIERS
Non-tariff barriers (NTBs) are trade restrictions from policies implemented by a country’s government. They are
technical and operational restrictions, which take a variety of forms: regulations, checks, inspections, quotas,
subsidies, rules of origin, prohibitions, and controls for example. Ultimately, they add friction, red tape, time and
cost to trade between countries, and will act as inflationary drivers for the UK construction market.
Data suggest that NTBs introduce larger cost and time impediments and/or additions to trade than direct tariffs.
Broadly, the UK government assessed NTBs in a UK/EU FTA scenario — as a percent of trade value — as 5–11% for
goods and 3–14% for services (UK Government, 'EU Exit: long-term economic analysis, November 2018'). Rest of
the World NTBs are at the lower end of these respective ranges. At the higher end of these ranges, NTBs are
likely to introduce greater cost impacts on traded goods and services across borders than tariffs otherwise would
— especially where time delays and their impacts factor into overall cost.

FURTHER INFORMATION
＋ Brexit on GOV.UK https://www.gov.uk/transition
＋ Trade Tarriff: look up commodity codes duty and VAT rates https://www.gov.uk/trade-tariff
4 General

VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS

Value chain analysis (VCA) is a means of evaluating each of the activities in a company’s value chain to under-
stand where improvement opportunities exist. A value chain analysis allows each step in the manufacturing or
service process to be assessed and whether it increases or reduces value from a product or service. Typically,
increasing the performance of one of the secondary activities can benefit at least one of the primary activities.
VCA aims to enable or maintain competitive advantage through, for example:

＋ Cost reduction, by making each activity in the value chain more efficient and, therefore, less expensive
＋ Product differentiation, by investing more time and resources into activities like research and development,
design, or marketing that can help your product stand out from the crowd

AECOM assessed the indicative impacts of Brexit on a typical value chain for the UK construction sector and its
contracting supply chain firms:

INTRINSIC ISSUES STRUCTURAL ISSUES

Business product; scope of service Scale; sourcing, supply economics
Core service/product offer largely unchanged but shifts in Primary impacts to sourcing strategies as suppliers to
strategy to focus on sectors where demand exists over the subcontractors and the wider supply chain review operations.
medium-term. Adjustment necessary for changes to or diver- Reduced availability of supply into UK markets, particularly
gence in regulatory requirements and understanding the from the EU, will result in procurement risks. Compounded by
location and nature of new trade markets. significant customs and port delays, and material changes and
disruption to UK/EU logistics economics.

IMPACTS COST ◔ TIME ◑ IMPACTS COST ● TIME ◕

SYSTEMIC ISSUES PERFORMANCE ISSUES

Business infrastructure; processes; structure Productivity; labour; materials
Administrative and legal issues bring proportionally higher cost EU workforce trends reduce overall industry capacity, adding
burden for long tail of small supply chain firms. Management inflationary cost pressures. EU nationals comprise approxi-
capacity redirected to immediate operational issues. Higher mately 11% of the construction workforce generally, but almost
commercial risks associated with tender submissions – reduced 30% in London. Supply chain productivity impacted. On-going
quotation validity and more exclusions for example. Inflationary lower value of sterling results in higher imported materials and
pressures to mitigate from manufacturers pass-through of component costs. Higher logistics costs from a combination of
additional costs from non-tariff barriers. Covid−19 global supply chain disruption and impacted logistics
economics from Brexit.

IMPACTS COST ◕ TIME ◕ IMPACTS COST ◕ TIME ◕

With risks continuing to increase, business planning and preparations should, amongst other things, include:

＋ Understand and appraise your current situation

＋ Assess supply chain connections, risks and opportunities
＋ Analyse any exposure to Brexit — qualitatively and quantitatively
＋ Implement risk management and mitigation procedures