Drugs Society and Human Behavior 15th Edition Hart Test Bank
Drugs Society and Human Behavior 15th Edition Hart Test Bank
Drugs Society and Human Behavior 15th Edition Hart Test Bank
c2
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. The U.S. government in the 1800s had few regulations on industry and in general took a "hands-off"
approach to government that has been referred to by the term
A. crime.
B. laissez-faire.
C. toxicity.
D. trends.
2. The text lists three concerns that led to the adoption of the first U.S. laws regulating what we now call
controlled substances. Which of these was NOT one of the three?
A. high profits for drug sellers
B. toxicity
C. dependence
D. association of drug use with crime
3. When using a substance makes normal activities such as driving result in harmful accidents, this is called
A. behavioral tolerance.
B. drug misuse.
C. behavioral toxicity.
D. laissez-faire.
7. According to recent DAWN data, which of these substances is near the top of both the emergency room
visits and drug-related deaths lists?
A. alcohol-in-combination
B. marijuana
C. methamphetamine
D. ecstasy (MDMA)
9. Which drug is responsible for the most drug-related deaths in the 2009 DAWN data set?
A. GHB
B. prescription opioids
C. marijuana
D. methamphetamine
10. In comparing the relative toxicity of marijuana and cocaine, it is important to take into account
A. the user's gender.
B. availability and price.
C. urban vs. rural environment.
D. that many more people use marijuana than use cocaine.
13. When repeated exposure to the same dose of a drug results in a lesser effect, this is called
A. acute toxicity.
B. dependence.
C. vaccination.
D. tolerance.
15. The drugs with which people are most likely to develop psychological (behavioral) dependence are
generally also found to have
A. stimulant effects.
B. pain-relieving effects.
C. sedative effects.
D. reinforcing effects in laboratory animals.
16. The DSM-IV-TR does not define addiction as such, but has diagnostic criteria for
A. habituation.
B. substance dependence and substance abuse.
C. chronic intoxication.
D. drug-associated bipolar disorder.
17. As views of substance dependence have changed based on scientific research, the real driving force behind
repeated excessive drug use is now believed to be
A. psychological dependence, based on reinforcement.
B. physical dependence, caused by tolerance.
C. an allergic reaction to the substance.
D. unmet psychological needs in early childhood.
18. Which of these substances is listed as having a "very high" dependence potential?
A. LSD
B. marijuana
C. alcohol
D. crack cocaine
20. Those who are diagnosed with a personality disorder, such as antisocial personality disorder,
A. have an increased likelihood of also having a substance use disorder.
B. are neither more nor less likely to have a substance use disorder.
C. are actually less likely to be dependent on a substance.
D. are often given stimulant drugs as a treatment for the personality disorder.
21. In determining whether using a drug causes people to become criminals, it is important to remember that
A. there is no relationship between crime and illicit drug use.
B. most illicit drugs cause damage to the areas of the brain responsible for understanding right from wrong.
C. longitudinal studies find that indicators of criminal or antisocial behavior usually occur before the first use
of any illicit drug.
D. consistent personality changes are likely with even a few exposures to heroin or cocaine.
22. Which of the following drugs has been clearly linked to crimes and violence?
A. alcohol
B. heroin
C. marijuana
D. cocaine
23. In an annual study done by the U.S. Justice Department, people arrested for various crimes are given urine
tests to detect the presence of drugs. In 2010, about ____ percent of the adult male arrestees tested positive for
at least one illicit drug.
A. 100
B. between 50 and 80
C. 0
D. between 10 and 30
24. About how many arrests are made in the U.S. each year for drug-law violations?
A. 1,500,000
B. 200,000
C. 50,000
D. 5,000
25. Rank the following drugs (from highest to lowest) according to the number of mentions in the 2009
DAWN emergency department dataset.
A. Cocaine, heroin, prescription opioids, antidepressants
B. Cocaine, prescription opioids, heroin, antidepressants
C. Alcohol-in-combination, cocaine, heroin, prescription opioids
D. Alcohol-in-combination, prescription opioids, heroin, cocaine
26. The term "laissez-faire" refers to the tendency of news media to sensationalize drug problems.
True False
27. One important factor that led Congress to adopt the first laws regulating what we now call controlled
substances was the association of drug use with crime.
True False
28. Chronic drug effects refer to those that are due to prolonged exposure to the drug.
True False
29. The DAWN system tells us exactly how many deaths are caused by a specific drug each year.
True False
30. In 2009, methamphetamine was the most frequently cited drug associated with emergency-room visits.
True False
31. Our best estimate is that tobacco cigarettes are associated with over 400,000 deaths per year.
True False
32. Physical dependence is often defined by the appearance of withdrawal symptoms when the drug is
stopped.
True False
33. The drugs that are most likely to lead to dependence are the ones that have reduced effects after repeated
use.
True False
34. To receive diagnosis of substance dependence an individual must satisfy at least 3 diagnostic criteria, one
which has to be a symptom of physical dependence (tolerance or withdrawal).
True False
35. Recent brain imaging data indicates that drug dependence is caused by an underlying biological
abnormality.
True False
36. The data suggest that marijuana use increases the likelihood of a person committing a violent crime.
True False
37. Using survey data, discuss the relative toxicity of alcohol and cocaine.
40. Explain the difference between physical dependence on a drug and psychological dependence on a drug.
c2 Key
1. (p. 25-26) The U.S. government in the 1800s had few regulations on industry and in general took a "hands-off"
approach to government that has been referred to by the term
A. crime.
B. laissez-faire.
C. toxicity.
D. trends.
2. (p. 26) The text lists three concerns that led to the adoption of the first U.S. laws regulating what we now call
controlled substances. Which of these was NOT one of the three?
A. high profits for drug sellers
B. toxicity
C. dependence
D. association of drug use with crime
3. (p. 26) When using a substance makes normal activities such as driving result in harmful accidents, this is
called
A. behavioral tolerance.
B. drug misuse.
C. behavioral toxicity.
D. laissez-faire.
7. (p. 29) According to recent DAWN data, which of these substances is near the top of both the emergency room
visits and drug-related deaths lists?
A. alcohol-in-combination
B. marijuana
C. methamphetamine
D. ecstasy (MDMA)
9. (p. 29) Which drug is responsible for the most drug-related deaths in the 2009 DAWN data set?
A. GHB
B. prescription opioids
C. marijuana
D. methamphetamine
10. (p. 29-30) In comparing the relative toxicity of marijuana and cocaine, it is important to take into account
A. the user's gender.
B. availability and price.
C. urban vs. rural environment.
D. that many more people use marijuana than use cocaine.
11. (p. 28-30) DAWN data provides all of the following EXCEPT
A. Information about which drugs are associated with the greatest number of deaths.
B. Clear measures of the toxicity of individual drugs.
C. Data regarding problems associated with alcohol-in-combination.
D. General information about trends in drug-related deaths.
13. (p. 33) When repeated exposure to the same dose of a drug results in a lesser effect, this is called
A. acute toxicity.
B. dependence.
C. vaccination.
D. tolerance.
15. (p. 34) The drugs with which people are most likely to develop psychological (behavioral) dependence are
generally also found to have
A. stimulant effects.
B. pain-relieving effects.
C. sedative effects.
D. reinforcing effects in laboratory animals.
17. (p. 36-37) As views of substance dependence have changed based on scientific research, the real driving force
behind repeated excessive drug use is now believed to be
A. psychological dependence, based on reinforcement.
B. physical dependence, caused by tolerance.
C. an allergic reaction to the substance.
D. unmet psychological needs in early childhood.
18. (p. 38) Which of these substances is listed as having a "very high" dependence potential?
A. LSD
B. marijuana
C. alcohol
D. crack cocaine
21. (p. 41-42) In determining whether using a drug causes people to become criminals, it is important to remember
that
A. there is no relationship between crime and illicit drug use.
B. most illicit drugs cause damage to the areas of the brain responsible for understanding right from wrong.
C. longitudinal studies find that indicators of criminal or antisocial behavior usually occur before the first use
of any illicit drug.
D. consistent personality changes are likely with even a few exposures to heroin or cocaine.
22. (p. 42) Which of the following drugs has been clearly linked to crimes and violence?
A. alcohol
B. heroin
C. marijuana
D. cocaine
23. (p. 42-43) In an annual study done by the U.S. Justice Department, people arrested for various crimes are
given urine tests to detect the presence of drugs. In 2010, about ____ percent of the adult male arrestees tested
positive for at least one illicit drug.
A. 100
B. between 50 and 80
C. 0
D. between 10 and 30
25. (p. 29) Rank the following drugs (from highest to lowest) according to the number of mentions in the 2009
DAWN emergency department dataset.
A. Cocaine, heroin, prescription opioids, antidepressants
B. Cocaine, prescription opioids, heroin, antidepressants
C. Alcohol-in-combination, cocaine, heroin, prescription opioids
D. Alcohol-in-combination, prescription opioids, heroin, cocaine
26. (p. 25-26) The term "laissez-faire" refers to the tendency of news media to sensationalize drug problems.
FALSE
27. (p. 26) One important factor that led Congress to adopt the first laws regulating what we now call controlled
substances was the association of drug use with crime.
TRUE
28. (p. 26-27) Chronic drug effects refer to those that are due to prolonged exposure to the drug.
TRUE
30. (p. 29) In 2009, methamphetamine was the most frequently cited drug associated with emergency-room
visits.
FALSE
31. (p. 30) Our best estimate is that tobacco cigarettes are associated with over 400,000 deaths per year.
TRUE
32. (p. 33) Physical dependence is often defined by the appearance of withdrawal symptoms when the drug is
stopped.
TRUE
33. (p. 33) The drugs that are most likely to lead to dependence are the ones that have reduced effects after
repeated use.
FALSE
34. (p. 37) To receive diagnosis of substance dependence an individual must satisfy at least 3 diagnostic criteria,
one which has to be a symptom of physical dependence (tolerance or withdrawal).
FALSE
36. (p. 42) The data suggest that marijuana use increases the likelihood of a person committing a violent crime.
FALSE
37. (p. 26-30) Using survey data, discuss the relative toxicity of alcohol and cocaine.
Alcohol-in-combination and cocaine have been associated with similar numbers of emergency room visits and
drug-related deaths over the years. Since many more people use alcohol than use cocaine, one could conclude
that cocaine is relatively more dangerous (per user) than alcohol. However, it is also important to note that
DAWN does not report on alcohol when it is used alone, only in combination with other substances. Bonus:
cocaine's toxicity is also influenced by how it is used.
Some drugs are more likely than others to lead to compulsive use. These tend to be the drugs that work as
positive reinforcers in animal models. Bonus: However, blaming dependence entirely on the drug itself ignores
many other important social and individual variables.
Drug use might change the individual's personality in a lasting way, making him or her into a criminal type
(evidence does not support this). Drug use might cause criminal behavior while the person is under the
influence of the drug (evidence strongest for alcohol). Crimes may be carried out for the purpose of obtaining
money to purchase illicit drugs (evidence supports this). Illicit drug use is a crime (over 1.5 million arrests per
year in the U.S.).
40. (p. 33-37) Explain the difference between physical dependence on a drug and psychological dependence on a
drug.
In physical dependence, when a person stops taking the drug a set of physiological symptoms will appear as
the drug level in the system drops (withdrawal). Symptoms disappear when the drug is taken again. In
psychological dependence, when a person takes a drug (behavioral act), they receive a consequence such as a
feeling of euphoria, perhaps. This consequence increases the likelihood that the drug will be taken again. Thus,
the behavior is being reinforced by the consequence.
c2 Summary
Category # of Questions
Blooms Level: 01. Remember 38
Blooms Level: 02. Understand 7
Hart - Chapter 02 40