Introduction to Group Work Practice 8th

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Introduction to Group Work Practice 8th Edition Toseland Test Bank

Instructor’s Resource Manual

for

An Introduction to Group Work Practice

Eighth Edition
Ronald W. Toseland
University at Albany – State University of New York

Robert F. Rivas
Siena College

Prepared by

Ronald W. Toseland

Table of Contents
Sample Syllabus……………………………………………………………………………………….iv

CSWE’s Core Competencies Practice Behaviors Coverage in this Test…………………………...…xi

Chapter 1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………….1

Chapter 2 Historical Developments……………………………………………………………….11

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Chapter 3 Understanding Group Dynamics……………………………………………………….20

Chapter 4 Leadership……………………………………………………………………………....29

Chapter 5 Leadership and Diversity……………………………………………………………….39

Chapter 6 Planning the Group………………………………………………………………….….48

Chapter 7 The Group Begins………………………………………………………………………57

Chapter 8 Assessment……………………………………………………………………………..66

Chapter 9 Treatment Groups: Foundation Methods………………………………………………74

Chapter 10 Treatment Groups: Specialized Methods………………………………………………83

Chapter 11 Task Groups: Foundation Methods……………………………………………….……93

Chapter 12 Task Groups: Specialized Methods…………………………………………………….102

Chapter 13 Ending the Group’s Work………………………………………………………………110

Chapter 14 Evaluation………………………………………………………………………………119

Answer Key…………………………………………………………………………………………….127

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SAMPLE SYLLABUS

[INSERT UNIVERSITY NAME HERE]

[INSERT COURSE NAME HERE]

[INSERT COURSE NUMBER HERE]

Professor: Professor Phone:

Office Number/Location: Professor Email:

Office Hours: Course Meeting Times:

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This is an introductory course in group work practice. Its objective is to teach students the knowledge and
practice skills which are necessary for group work practice. The course emphasizes basic theory about groups
and group process, demonstrates the skills necessary for effective practice, and gives students the opportunity
to discuss and practice these skills. In addition, the course is designed to acquaint students with the many uses
of task and treatment groups in a broad range of settings with diverse client groups.

COURSE OBJECTIVES

 To educate generalist social workers to have the tools to work in various settings with a variety of client
groups, addressing a range of personal and social problems and using skills to intervene at practice
levels ranging from the individual to the community.
 Understanding of the historical and the current use of groups in social work practice.
 Ability to understand, assess, and use group properties and group processes occurring in a group.
 Ability to understand and work with diversity in groups.
 Ability to assess the need for a group.
 Ability to plan for, begin, and conduct a group.
 Understanding of and ability to use group processes to achieve the goals and objectives of
the group.
 Ability to evaluate the outcome of a group and to use the information to improve group
practice.
 Knowledge about resources available to plan for and establish specific treatment and task
groups which may be needed in specialized fields of practice and in specific social work
settings.

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STUDENT LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES

In this course, didactic material will be presented in lecture and through homework assignments. This material
will expose the student to different approaches to group work. The emphasis will be on developing generic
skills, and the differential uses of specific skills for particular problems which are frequently experienced in
treatment and task groups.

REQUIRED TEXT(S)

Toseland, R., & Rivas, R. (2011). An Introduction to Group Work Practice (6th Ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

ASSIGNMENTS AND EVALUATION

Below, you will find the grading scale and percentages.

Grading/Evaluation

Assignment

Class Participation 20%

Midterm 30%

Final 50%

Major Assignment(s):

Midterm Assignment

Presentation Assignment

Final Assignmnet

Letter Equivalent

A – 90-100 C – 70-79

B – 80-89 D – Less than 70

Major Assignments

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Midterm Assignment

The mid-term paper is designed to allow you to examine your role in a group. The paper should focus on
explicating group-as-a-whole properties and processes, leadership and the ways in which you interact with and
influence the functioning of the group. I would prefer you to use a current group experience, but you can use a
previous group experience if you are not currently participating in a group. The paper should be from 10 to 15
pages in length. The paper is not research based. It is an analysis of your experiences in the group, using the
outline for group dynamics covered in lectures and the book, and your analysis of the leadership of the group.

Outline for the Mid-term Paper

Type of Group: Is the group formed or natural? If formed, is it a treatment or task group and within that,
what type of group is it, i.e. support, socialization etc.?

Communication/Interaction Patterns

a. What are the communication/interaction patterns when the group meets: who talks to whom most
often? Does the interaction vary by time or topic?
b. Are there subgroups or isolates? If yes, what is their basis (what do subgroup members have in
common, e.g., attraction, status, interest, previous acquaintance, etc.) and what effect do they have on
the group?
c. How does the composition (gender, racial or ethnic background, age) affect communication patterns?
For example, are men, Caucasians, older persons, or professionals listened to more?

Cohesion
a. What brings people into this group -- what do they get out of group membership or what are the
attractions? Examples are prestige, friendship, status with a peer group, chance to make contacts/meet
prestigious people, learn or show off skills, liking of group task or purpose, ethnic or racial similarities,
etc.
b. Does the group appear to be cohesive or highly attractive to its members? What are indicators of high
or low cohesion in this group? Examples of high cohesion are regular attendance, many members
accepting responsibilities, pride in belonging, referring to the group as "we," considering the group's (or
members') opinion important, choosing to do "group things" when something else could be done, etc.
c. How does the composition (gender, racial or ethnic background, age) affect cohesion? For example, do
racial/ethnic differences make the group more attractive or less attractive?

Social Integration, Influence and Control (Norms, Roles, Status and Power)

a. What are the norms in this group?

b. What type or range of behavior does the group attempt to control or have expectations about? For
example, are there expectations about dress, topics, attendance, self-disclosure, behavior outside the
group, associates, etc.?
c. What happens to someone who violates the norms?
d. What roles do members play in the group, e.g. gatekeeper, talkative member?

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 e. Who normally performs task-oriented (maintenance) functions within the group; e.g., keeping the group
on task, coordinating, giving or seeking information, etc.? Other than the leader, do certain members
take on aspects of these functions?
f. Who normally performs socio-emotional (maintenance) functions within the group; e.g., encouraging,
reducing tension, mediating conflict, making sure everyone is included, etc.? Other than the leader, do
certain members take on aspects of these functions?
g. How do age, gender, and ethnicity or race relate to the member roles? For example, are women the
socio-emotional leaders, men the task leaders? Is the youngest person, or most different person, usually
the "clown" (a socio-emotional role)?
h. Are there differences in status among group members? If so, what are the indicators (cues to different
status)?
i. What are the informal status ranks? Who is "high" and who is "lower?" How does their behavior differ,
for example, amount of talking, initiating interaction, dress, deference to others, freedom from norms,
etc.?
j. What appear to be the bases of higher status, that is, how did "higher status" persons get to be higher
status? Some common methods are prestige, appointed or elected position, status or expertise outside
the group, skills useful to the group (for example, the star athlete on a team, good writer on a
committee to draft a document, good conflict resolver), length of membership, etc.
k. What are the effects of "non-changeable" characteristics on the status ranks in this group? For example,
are women generally higher or lower status? Someone of a different ethnic or racial background?Has
anyone’s status changed over time? If so, why did it happen? For example, did the member violate
norms, learn or contribute new skills, join or leave a subgroup; did the group's purpose or base of
attraction change?
l. Who has the power in the group? Is there a formal and informal leader? Describe the leadership and
what is done well and what could be improved.

Group Culture

a. What are the overall values and beliefs that are displayed in the way the group conducts its business?

Overall

If you were the leader of the group, name two things that you would try to change about the group dynamics.
Present a plan for how you would try to change the group dynamics. Do the plans for changing the two
dynamics differ? If so, how?

Presentation Assignment

Depending on the size of the class, pick two or three other classmates and decide on a group you would like to
role play. This could be any type of treatment group, ex. anger management, children’s social skills group etc.
Develop roles for other members of the class so that you have a group of 6 to 8 participants. Develop a written
agenda for the group meeting, and a second page where you have some additional resources/references other
students could use if they were going to lead such a group. If your group is not a structured group, develop a 1
or 2 page resource handout which contains information about the group, what you are trying to accomplish and
references from the literature that students could refer to if they were going to lead this type of group ex.

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support group, growth group etc. We will use a fishbowl format where the rest of the class members will sit in a
circle around the group you form. This will not be a graded assignment. It will be pass/fail. If it is not done it will
take 10 points away from your 20 point class participation grade. It is designed to give you a chance to lead a
group and to be a participant in a group. Please sign up for a time slot from session 11 to session 15.

Final Assignment

You have three options for the final paper. The first option is a research paper which is focused on your work
with a group. The second option is for you to plan a group for a specific population (children, aged, those with
substance abuse problems, men who batter, etc.). The third option is for you to do a paper on group work
techniques such as psychodrama, or types of groups (e.g., teams, self-help groups). The first two options entail
reading specialized literature on group work with the population, and problems faced by the population, and
then preparing a paper about the group. In the first option, after a focused literature review, describe the group
and your work with it. For the first option, if you report on your work with a group you may want to discuss your
field experiences, work experiences, or volunteer experience with a group. The emphasis should be on the
leadership of the group, and what you would do differently based on the course. After the literature review,
your description of the group can follow the planning outline (briefly). Then, you should focus on group
dynamics and leadership of the group during each session, your analysis of the positive and negative aspects of
the group dynamics and the leadership, and how it might be lead differently if you have the opportunity to do it
again. It is fine if the group is currently being conducted, and it is not finished. The second option involves
planning for a group that you have never led. If you would rather do this planning option, use the planning group
proposal to illustrate how you would develop and conduct a group with which you have little or no experience.
After the literature review, follow the planning a group option 2 outline on page 7. The choice of the topic
should reflect your interest in a particular area of group work. For the third option, you need to discuss the topic
with me and how you plan to organize the paper. If you are considering the third option, please make an
appointment to see me. For any of the three options be sure to include information from lecture and from the
text for the course. The final paper should be about 15 pages in length.

Outline for the Final Paper

This is a suggested outline for option one designed to serve as a guide for those who have chosen to examine
their work with a group. Although the outline is fairly comprehensive you are free to vary your analysis based on
the practice situation you are attempting to describe.

1. Introductory paragraph explaining the paper.

2. Literature review on the social problem being addressed in the paper.
3. Literature review on the group work methods that have been used to address the social problem.
4. Description of the setting and the group.
5. Planning for the group - See below and the text Chapter 6 (Planning) for topical headings. When
choosing option one, limit your description of planning to one or two pages.
6. Leadership approach used in the group.
7. Intervention strategies used during the beginning, middle and ending phase of the group.
8. Evaluation of the group process - use the group dynamics framework in the text to evaluate group
processes, i.e. communication and interaction, cohesion, social integration dynamics and culture.
9. Evaluation of the group outcome.

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 10. Conclusions and recommendations for future practice, and how you would change things if you were
able to do it over.

Final Assignment – Planning a Group (Option 2)

Plan a task or a treatment group for a community social service or health care agency you are familiar with.

Outline for planning a group:

1. Introductory paragraph explaining the group

2. Purpose: Purpose of the group (its goals)
3. Role of the worker in the group (e.g., chair, facilitator, therapist)
4. Literature review on the social problem being addressed in the paper
5. Literature review on the group work methods that have been used to address the social problem
6. Agency Sponsorship:
Agency name and mission

Agency resources relevant to the group (i.e., physical facilities, financing, staff, etc.)

Agency geographic location (community, not address), sponsorship, demographic characteristics of

clientele, type of staff, any other characteristics that might affect group

7. Membership: Target population for the group—who you would like to reach. Appropriateness of the
population with respect to the agency mission and group purpose.
8. Recruitment: Method(s) for recruiting members.
9. Composition: Criteria for including or excluding members.
10. What characteristics you would like group members to be heterogeneous on, and what characteristics
homogeneous, and why.
Size: Open or closed membership.

Demographic characteristics important to group purpose.

How will the expected composition affect interaction or group development? Include age, gender,
ethnicity/race, sexual orientation, disability or any other special considerations that may affect the
composition.

11. Norms and Roles: What are the most important group norms you would like to develop?
12. How will composition affect the norms or their development? Are there specific roles you would like
members to develop within the group? If so, describe these roles.
13. Orientation: Whether potential members will be screened, and if so, how and for what characteristics.
Preparation for group membership and roles (e.g., pre-group interview or letter, discussion at beginning
of group).
14. Contract: Describe and justify the number of meetings, frequency, length, and times for meetings. If
appropriate, depending on the type of group, describe the types of contracts with individual group
members, or the group as a whole that you would try to foster.
15. Environment: Physical arrangements (room, space, materials, room set-up, other considerations.
Financial arrangements (budget, expense, charges, income) and any special arrangements (child care,

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 transportation, access for persons with physical handicaps, etc.).
16. Structure: How will the group conduct its work? (e.g., discussion group, arts-and-crafts, exercises, role
plays, etc.). Will there be a structure for each group meeting? How will the structure help the group
achieve its’ goals.

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Introduction to Group Work Practice 8th Edition Toseland Test Bank

UNIVERSITY/COLLEGE POLICIES AND ETHICS

[INSTRUCTOR: Insert Your University’s Academic Policies]

CSWE EPAS 2015 Core Competencies and Behaviors in This Text

Competency Chapter

Competency 1: Demonstrate Ethical and Professional Behavior

Behaviors

Make ethical decisions by applying the standards of the NASW Code of Ethics, relevant 1, 7, 13, 14
laws and
regulations, models for ethical decision-making, ethical conduct of research, and
additional codes of ethics as appropriate to context.

Use reflection and self-regulation to manage personal values and maintain 1, 4, 5

professionalism in practice situations

Demonstrate professional demeanor in behavior; appearance; and oral, written, and 1, 6, 7

electronic communication

Use technology ethically and appropriately to facilitate practice outcomes 1, 6, 14

Use supervision and consultation to guide professional judgment and behavior 1, 4

Competency 2: Engage Diversity and Difference in Practice

Behaviors

Apply and communicate understanding of the importance of diversity and difference in 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,

shaping life experiences in practice at the micro, mezzo, and macro levels 10, 11, 12

Present themselves as learners and engage clients and constituencies as experts of 1, 5, 8, 14

their own experiences

Apply self-awareness and self-regulation to manage the influence of personal biases and 1, 4, 5, 7, 8
values in working with diverse clients and constituencies

Competency 3: Advance Human Rights and Social, Economic, and

Environmental Justice

Behaviors

Apply their understanding of social, economic, and environmental justice to advocate for 4, 5, 8, 9
human rights at the individual and system levels

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