Sheet - 01 - Electromagnetic Induction
Sheet - 01 - Electromagnetic Induction
Sheet - 01 - Electromagnetic Induction
SYNOPSIS
➢ The phenomenon in which electric current is induced by varying magnetic fields is called
electromagnetic induction.
➢ Magnetic Flux ( ): The number of magnetic lines of force passing normally through a given
area is called magnetic flux.
When a surface of area A is placed in a uniform magnetic field of induction B, such that the unit
vector along the normal ( n̂ ) makes an angle ' ' with the direction of the magnetic field then the
(i) When the plane of the surface is parallel to the direction of the magnetic field (or) normal drawn
to the surface is perpendicular to the magnetic field
( n̂ ⊥ B) then magnetic flux linked with the surface is zero i.e., = 0 = 90o
( )
surface is parallel to the magnetic field n̂ B , then the magnetic flux linked with the surface is
(iii) ˆ then
When the flux entering the surface is opposite to the area vector (n)
ϕ = −BA (∵ θ = 1800 )
➢ The magnetic flux linked with a coil ( = NBA cos ) can be changed by
First Law: Whenever the magnetic flux linked with an electric circuit (coil) changes, an emf is
induced in the circuit (coil). The induced emf exists as long as the change in magnetic flux
continues.
d
e=−
dt
If the coil contains N turns, an emf appears in every turn and all these emfs are to be added.
d d
e = − N. = − ( N )
dt dt
Where ' N ' is total flux linked with the coil of N turns.
d d
(or) e = − ( N) = − ( NBA cos )
dt dt
"The direction of the induced emf is always such that it tends to produce a current which
opposes the change in magnetic flux"
➢ Induced emf can exist whether the circuit is opened or closed. But induced current can exist
only in the closed circuits.
➢ A metallic ring is held horizontally and a bar magnet is dropped through the ring with its
length along the axis of the ring, as shown in figure.
Fnet = mg − f
f
a net = g − a net g
m
Where f = force exerted by the induced magnetic field of ring on the magnet.
➢ When the magnet is allowed to fall through an open ring (or) cut ring, then
No induced current
➢ In this case, the flux through the loop due to current carrying wire is out of the plane of the
coil.
➢ As current is increasing, the outward flux through the coil also increases.
➢ Hence to oppose this, an inward flux is created by the clockwise induced current.
As current is decreasing, the outward flux through the coil also decreases.
Hence to oppose this, an outward flux is created by the anti-clock wise induced current.
d
➢ According to Faraday’s second law and Lenz’s law the induced emf is given by e = −
dt
d ( − )
e = −N 2 1
If the coil has N turns than e = − N
dt dt
d
➢ As = BAN cos and e = −
dt
The emf is induced or change in flux is caused by changing B or A or N or
➢ If ‘B’ is changed then
( B2 − B1 )
(A) Average induced emf e = −AN cos
( t 2 − t1 )
Here B1 is magnetic field induction at an instant t1 and B 2 is magnetic field induction at an
instant t 2
(B) If the plane of the coil is perpendicular to magnetic field, then = 00 cos = 1 then
e = −AN
( B2 − B1 )
( t 2 − t1 )
dB
(C) Instantaneous emf e = −AN cos
dt
➢ If ‘A’ is changed then
(A) Average induced emf
e = −BN cos
( A 2 − A1 )
( t 2 − t1 )
(B) If the plane of the coil is perpendicular to magnetic field, then = 00 cos = 1
( A 2 − A1 )
then e = −BN
( t 2 − t1 )
dA
(C) Instantaneous emf e = −BN cos
dt
➢ If ' ' is changed (i.e., if coil is rotate(D)
e = −BAN
( cos 2 − cos 1 )
( t 2 − t1 )
d
(B) Instantaneous emf e = −BAN ( cos )
dt
If the coil is rotated with constant angular velocity ' ' then = t and
d
e = −BAN ( cos t ) = BAN sin t
dt
e = BAN sin t
(C) t = 900 , if the plane is parallel to the magnetic field then induced emf is maximum.
e 0 = BAN e = e0 sin t
INDUCED CURRENT
If the magnetic flux in a coil of resistance R changes from 1 to 2 in a time ‘dt’, then a current ‘i'
e
is induced in the coil as i =
R
N ( 2 − 1 )
d
i= e = − N.
Rdt dt
Magnitude of current
Induced emf N d
i= =
Resistancein the circuit R dt
INDUCED CHARGE
1 i − f
q=− f − i (or) q= (magnitude of charge)
R R
In general, induced charge is given by
change of magnetic flux
q=
resistance
N
For N turns, the induced charge is q = (d)
R
➢ Induced emf is independent of total resistance of the circuit but depends on rate of change of
flux.
➢ Induced current depends on both rate of change of flux and resistance of circuit
➢ Induced charge is independent of time but depends on the resistance of circuit.
➢ When a magnet is moved towards a stationary coil (i) slowly and (ii) quickly, then
(A) induced charge is same in both cases
(B) induced emf is more in second case
(C) induced current is more in second case
MOTIONAL EMF
The motional emf is the emf which results from relative motion between a conductor and the source of
magnetic field.
When a conductor of length is moved with a velocity v perpendicular to its length in uniform
magnetic field (B), which is perpendicular to both its length and as well as its velocity, the emf induced
across its ends e = B v
If the rod moved making an angle with its length, then e = B v sin
In vector form e = B. ( ) ( )
v or . v B among B, and v if any two are parallel the emf induced
Stretch the first three fingers of right hand such that they are mutually perpendicular to each other. If
the fore finger represents the direction of magnetic field and the thumb represents the direction of the
motion of the conductor, then the central finger indicates the direction of induced current
A conductor of length ‘l’ measured from P to Q is moved with a speed of ‘v’ in a uniform magnetic
field ‘B’ as shown in figure.
( ) ( ) ( )
ˆ v cos ˆi + vsin ˆj B −kˆ = − B v sin
Induced emf is e = . v B = (i).
➢ A conductor of length ' ' is bent at its midpoint and is moved along its perpendicular bisector
with a constant speed of ‘v’ in a uniform magnetic field of strength ‘B’ as shown in figure.
x
From the figure sin = x = sin
/2 2
( )
Here B− = B −kˆ , v = viˆ and effective length of the conductor ( ) ( )
= 2x −ˆj = sin −ˆj
( ) ( ) ( )
Induced emf is e = . v B = sin −ˆj .viˆ B −kˆ = −B vsin
The change in the flux associated in time interval of ' t ' is = et = −B vsin t
➢ The emf induced across the ends of the conductor shown in the figure is
e = BV = BV ( 1 sin 1 + 2 sin 2 )
i) If a conductor is moving vertically downwards with constant velocity v with its ends pointing
east-west, it will cut the horizontal component of earth's field B H as shown in figure ((A) and
hence the flux linked with the area generated by the motion of the conductor, and induced emf
dH
will be H = BH ( y) and e = = BH v y
dt
with v = dy
y
dt
ii) However in case of vertical motion, if the ends of the conductor point north-south, both B H
and B V will be parallel to the plane of area generated by the motion of the conductor as shown
d
= 0 and e = =0
dt
iii) If the wire is moving in a horizontal plane in any direction as shown in figure(C), it will cut
flux of B V (as BH will always be parallel to are(A) and so
dV
V = Bv s and e = = BV v
dt
If a rod of length is rotated with a constant angular velocity ' ' about an axis passing through
its end (O) and perpendicular to its length and if a uniform magnetic field B is present
1 2
perpendicular to it, then emf across its ends is given by e = B
2
In the above case if the rod is rotated about an axis passing through its centre (O) and
perpendicular to its length them emf across its ends is zero
1
emf across OA is e = + B 2
8
1
emf across OB is e = − B 2
8
➢ A spoked wheel of spoke length ' ' is rotated about its axis with an angular velocity ' ' in a
plane normal to uniform magnetic field B as shown.
Rim
Spokes
1
The emf induced across the ends of each spoke is e = B 2 , with axle (centre) at higher
2
potential. Since all the spokes are parallel between axle and rim, the emf indued between axle
1
and rim is e = B 2 .
2
It is independent of number of spokes.
A circular disc of radius 'R' is rotating with an angular velocity ' ' about an axis passing through
centre and plane of rotation is normal to an uniform magnetic field of induction B. It is
equivalent to a spoked wheel with a large number of spokes each of length 'R' between centre
and rim without any air gap. The emf induced between centre and rim is independent of number
of spokes.
1 1
e = B 2 = BR 2
2 2
e B v
The current in the circuit is i = =
R R
As current flows in the conductor PQ from Q to P of the conductor. So, an equal and opposite
force F has to be applied on the conductor to move the conductor with a constant velocity v.
B2 2 v
Thus, F = Fm =
R
The rate at which work is done by the applied force to move the rod is,
B2 2 v 2
Papplied = Fv =
R
Bv 2 2 2 2
Pdissipated = i 2 R = R=B v
R R
This is just equal to the rate at which work is done by the applied force.
EDDY CURRENTS
➢ When bulk pieces of conductors are subjected to changing magnetic flux, induced currents are
produced in them.
➢ The flow patterns of induced currents resemble the whirling eddies in water. This effect was
discovered by Foucault and these currents are called eddy currents or Foucault currents.
➢ If current flowing in a coil changes, the magnetic flux linked with the coil changes. Then emf
induced in the coil is called self-induced emf and the phenomenon is called self-induction.
➢ If 'ï' is the current flowing through the coil and ' ' is magnetic flux linked with the coil, then
i = Li, L =
i
Here ‘L’ is called coefficient of self-induction of the coil or self-inductance of the coil.
i = Li, L =
i
➢ Self-induced e.m.f is given by
Let us consider a circular coil of radius r and containing N-turns. Suppose it carries a current 'i'.
0 Ni
The magnetic field at the centre due to this current B =
2r
Ni N 2 ri
And total flux = NBA = N 0 r 2 = 0
2r 2
0 N 2 r
L=
2
Consider a long solenoid of length , area of cross section A and number of turns per unit length
n and length is very large when compared with radius of cross section.
Let I be the current flowing through the solenoid. The magnetic field inside the long solenoid is
uniform and is given by B = 0 nI
Now, the magnetic flux linked with each turn of the solenoid B A = 0nIA
Total magnetic flux linked with the whole solenoid, =magnetic flux with each turn
N N2
L = 0 n A since n =
2
, L = 0 A
di
to be a cell of emf e = L.
dt
e = 0 no opposition
MUTUAL INDUCTION
➢ When current in one coil changes, magnetic flux linked with the second coil placed near by it
also changes. The emf induced in secondary is called mutually induced emf and the
phenomenon is called mutual induction.
➢ If 'i p ' is current flowing in the primary coil, ' S ' is magnetic flux linked with secondary coil,
then S ip
S
S Mi p , M =
ip
Mutual inductance between two coils is equal to the magnetic flux linked in the secondary coil
when unit current passes through the primary coil or emf induced in one coil when current in
the other coil changes at the rate of 1 Amp/second.
➢ S.I. unit: Herry
➢ Dimensional formula of self-inductance or mutual inductance is ML2T−2A−2
➢ The value of mutual inductance depends on
1) Distance between the two coils
2) Number of turns of coils
3) Geometrical shape of the coil
4) Material of the core medium between the coils
5) Orientation of the coils i.e., angle between the axes of the coils.
If the axes are parallel, then M is maximum
If the axes are perpendicular then M is minimum
Consider two solenoids S1 and S2 such that the solenoid S2 completely surrounds the solenoid
S1
Let be length of each solenoid (or length of primary coil) and of nearly same area of cross-
section A. N1 and N 2 are the total number of turns of solenoid S1 and S2 respectively.
N1
Number of turns per unit length of solenoid S1 is n1 =
N2
Number of turns per unit length of solenoid S2 is n 2 =
N1
B1 = 0 n1I1 = 0 I1
N1
S2 = B1A = 0 I1A
N1
2 = N 2 ( B1A ) = 0 I1A N 2
0 N1N2 I1A
2 = …….. (i)
Where M12 is the mutual inductance when current varies is solenoid S1 and makes magnetic flux
Similarly,
APNI KAKSHA 384
(Physics) ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
0 N1N2 I1A 0 N1 N 2 A
M12 I1 = M12 =
0 N1 N 2 A
Similarly, M 21 = , where M 21 is the mutual inductance when current varies solenoid S2
The above equation is treated as a general result, if the two solenoids are wound on a magnetic
substance of relative permeability r , then the mutual inductance is given by
0r N1N2 A
M= = 0r n1n 2 A
dI
This induced emf is given by e = −L
dt
negative sign shows that ‘e’ opposes the change of current I in the inductor.
To drive the current through the inductor against the induced emf ‘e’, the external voltage is
applied. Here external voltage is emf of the battery = E
According to Kirchoff’s voltage law, E + e = 0
dI
E = −e; E = L
dt
Let an infinitesimal charge dq be driven through the inductor in time dt. So, the rate of work
done by the external voltage is given by
dW dI dI
= EI = L I = LI
dt dt dt
The total work done in establishing a current through the inductor from 0 to I is given by
APNI KAKSHA 385
(Physics) ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
I2 1
W = dW = LIdI; W = L = LI2
I
0
2 2
1 2
W= LI
2
The work done in maintaining the current through the inductor is stored as the potential energy
(U) in its magnetic field. Hence energy stored in the inductor is given by
1 2
U= LI
2
1 1
➢ The equation U = LI2 is similar to the expression for kinetic energy E = mv2 . It shows that
2 2
L is analogues to mass ‘m’ and self-inductance is called electrical inertia.
➢ The self-inductance of a coil is numerically equal to twice the energy stored in it when unit
current flows through it.
i.e., When i = 1A, L = 2U
di
➢ Induced power P = e i = Li
dt
➢ In case of solenoid L = 0 n 2 A
➢ Magnetic energy stored per unit volume
1 2
Li
2 1 B2
uB = u B = u 0 n 2i 2 ; Hence u B =
A 2 2 0
➢ The magnetic energy stored per unit volume similar to electrostatic energy stored per unit
1
volume in a parallel plate capacitor u B = 0 E 2
2
In both cases the energy is proportional to the square of field strength.
RELATION BETWEEN L1 , L 2 and M:
N22
N22 = L2i 2 L2 =
i2
M on 1 because of 2;
N11
M12 =
i2
M on 2 because of 1;
N 2 2
M 21 =
i1
M2 = L1L2 ;
M = L1L 2
This is the maximum mutual inductance when all the flux linked with one coil is also completely
linked with the other.
In general, only a fraction of the total flux will be linked with the coil due to the flux leakage.
M = K L1L 2
( K 1)
For tight coupling (or) if the coils are closely wound, then K=1.
M max = L1L2
If two coils of inductances L1 and L 2 are connected in series then the potential divides.
di di di
i.e., e = e1 + e 2 or Ls = L1 + L2
dt dt dt
di
Since in series, is same for all coils
dt
LS = L1 + L 2
arrangement,
L = L1 + L2 + L3 + ........ + Ln
INDUCTORS IN PARALLEL:
If two coils of inductances L1 and L 2 are connected in parallel then the current divides.
di di1 di 2 e e e
i.e., i = i1 + i2 or = + = 1+ 2
dt dt dt LP L1 L2
1 1 1 L1L2
= + or Lp =
LP L1 L2 ( L1 + L2 )
arrangement,
1 1 1 1
= + + .... + (when coils are far away)
LP L1 L2 Ln
➢ Let two coils of inductances L1 and L 2 are connected in series and M is their mutual
inductance. The flux linked with one coil will be the sum of two fluxes which exist
independently. When the flux in the two coils support each other
N11 = L1i1 + M12i2
di1 di
From Faraday’s law, e1 = −L1 − M12 2
dt dt
Similarly, N22 = L2i2 + M21i1
di 2 di
e 2 = −L 2 − M21 1
dt dt
di1 di di di
e = e1 + e2 = L1 − M12 2 − L2 2 − M21 1
dt dt dt dt
L = ( L1 − M ) + ( L2 − M ) = L1 + L2 − 2M
AC GENERATOR:
➢ An ac generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The device used for the
purpose is called ac generator.
➢ When the coil having N turns is rotated with a constant angular speed , the angle between
the area vector A and the magnetic field vector B is at any instant t is = t (assuming = 00
at t=0). The flux linked with the coil at any instant t is
APNI KAKSHA 389
(Physics) ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
B = NBAcos = NBAcos t
From Faraday's law, the induced emf for the rotating coil of N turns is,
dB d
=− = − ( NBA cos t ) = NBA sin t
dt dt
When a conducting loop is placed in a varying magnetic field, a varying electric field produced in
the loop, is called induced electric field. An electric field is always generated by a changing
magnetic field, even in free space where no charges are present.
−d
If the magnetic field changes with time, then an emf e = is induced in the loop. The induced
dt
current thus produced implies the presence of an induced electric field E that must be tangential
to the loop in order to provide an electric force on the charge around the loop. The work done by
the electric field on the loop in moving a test charge q once around the loop = qe. Because the
magnitude of electric force on the charge is qE, the work done by the electric field can also be
expressed as qE ( 2r ) , where 2r is the circumference of the loop. These two expressions for
e
qe = qE ( 2r ) ; E =
2r
Using this result along with the Faraday’s law and the fact that B = BA = Br 2 for a circular
1 dB
E= −
2r dt
=−
1 d
2r dt
( Br 2 ) = −
r dB
2 dt
The emf for any closed path can be expressed as the line integral of E.d over that path.
dB
Hence, the general form of Faraday’s law of induction is e = E.d =
dt
It is important to recognize that the induced electric field E that appears in the equation is a non-
conservative field that is generated by a changing magnetic field.
3) The lines of induced electric field are closed curves and have no starting and terminating
points.
4) As long as the magnetic field keeps on changing, the induced electric field will be present
D.C. CIRCUITS
I. Growth of current
(A)When a switch S is connected to ‘a’, the current in the circuit begins to increase from zero
to a maximum value 'i 0 ' .
di
E−L = Ri
dt
−t
Where ‘i' is the current in the circuit at any instant ‘t’ and i = i0 1 − e
L
Here = called Inductive time constant
R
1
(B) At t = ,i = i 0 1 − = 0.63 i 0
e
(D) Greater the value of ' ' smaller will be the rate of growth of current.
E
i0 =
R
(A) When circuit is disconnected from the battery and switch ‘s’ is connected to point ‘b’, the
current now beings to fall. But inductor opposes decay of current
di
−L = Ri
dt
−t
Where i is the current at any instant and i = i0e
L
where t==
R
i0
(B) At t = ,i = = 0.37i 0
e
(C) The inductive time constant ( ) can also be defined as the time interval during which the
(D) For small value of ‘L’, rate of decay of current will be large.
(B) But charge attained already on the plates opposes further introduction of charge
q q dq
E− = Ri or E − = R
C C dt
Where ‘q’ is the instantaneous charge, i is the instantaneous current in the circuit.
−t
= 1− e
and q q 0
1
(C) When t = . q = q0 1 − = 0.63q0
e
(D) Thus, the capacitive time constant is the time in which the charge on the plates of the
e) Smaller the value of CR, more rapid is the growth of charge on the condenser.
f) Charge on the capacitor becomes maximum after infinite time and it is q 0 = EC . Then current
(A) When the capacitor is fully charged, the key is connected to point ‘b’
q0
(C) At t = , q = = 0.37q0
e
(D) Thus, capacitive time constant can also be defined as the time interval in which the charge
(E) Smaller the time constant, quicker is the discharge of the condenser.
magnetic field of strength B = 20tiˆ + 10t 2ˆj + 50kˆ where t is time elapsed. The magnitude of
induced e.m.f. at time t is:
(A) 20+20t (B) 20 (C) 20t (D) Zero
2. A loop having negligible self inductance but a constant resistance is placed in a uniform magnetic
field but varying with time at a rate of 1 T/s. The area of loop is 1m 2 and it is single turn. If at
some time t, the current in the loop is 1A, the rate of change of current would be:
20 amp
t(sec)
2sec
4. At a given instant the current and self-induced emf in an inductor are directed as shown in
figure. If the induced emf is 17 volt and rate of change of current is 25 k A/s the correct
statement is:
L
i
B N S
A
(A) When magnet goes towards the ring the face B becomes south pole and the face A becomes
north pole
(B) When magnet goes away from the ring the face B becomes north pole and the face A becomes
south pole
(C) When magnet goes away from the ring the face A becomes north pole and the face B becomes
south pole
(D) The face A will always be a north pole
8. A solenoid having an iron core has its terminals connected across an ideal DC source. If the iron
core is removed, the current flowing through the solenoid:
A B
N
I
magnetic field decreases at a constant rate . If E is induced electric field then value of line
(i) S N B
B
2 (iii)
(ii) S N B
1
dϕ dϕ dϕ dϕ dϕ
(A) ( dt ) = ( dt ) = 0 (B) ( dt ) = ( dt ) = 0, ( dt ) ≠ 0
A B A C B
dϕ dϕ dϕ dϕ
(C) ( dt ) = 0 (D) ( dt ) = ( dt ) = 0and ( dt ) ≠ 0
C C B A
16. A conducting loop is pulled with a constant velocity towards a region of uniform magnetic field
of induction B as shown in the figure. Then the current involved in the loop is (d r ) :
B
r
d
(A) Circular coil rotates counter clockwise and begins to moves towards the solenoid.
(B) Circular coil rotates clockwise and begins to moves away from the solenoid
(C) If the direction of current in the circular coil is opposite to that in figure then circular coil
rotates counter clockwise and begins to moves away the solenoid
(D) If the direction of current in the circular coil is opposite to that in figure then circular coil
rotates clockwise and begins to moves towards the solenoid
18. An infinite solenoid has radius R and n turns per unit length. The current grows linearly with
time, according to I t = Ct , in the solenoid. Here C is some constant. Let the induced electric field
20. A metal wire PQ slides on parallel metallic rails having separation 0.25m, each having negligible
resistance. There is a 2 resistor and 10V battery as shown in figure. There is a uniform
magnetic field directed into the plane of the paper of magnitude 0.5 T. A force of 0.5 N to the left
is required to keep the wire PQ moving with constant speed to the right. With what speed is the
wire PQ moving? (Neglect self inductance of the loop)
P
10V
0.25m
2
21. A square loop of side length ( = 25cm ) falls into a finite and uniform magnetic field
( B = 0.5T ) confined to a region as shown. find the height ‘h’ through which the loop should be
dropped, so that its velocity does not change during the period it enters the magnetic field.
B
Ca
. Find +
R
2. An induction coil is connected to a source that delivers current varying with time. Variation of
the current with time that passes through the coil is shown in the graph. Four moments are
marked as t1 , t 2 , t 3 and t 4 in the graph. The moment at which self-induced emf is maximum, is:
I
t
O t1 t2 t3 t 4
3. Induced emf produced in a coil rotating about a diameter with constant angular velocity and axis
(diameter) perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field will be maximum when the angle between
the plane of coil and direction of magnetic field is:
(A) 0 (B) 90 (C) 45 (D) None of these
4. A flat coil with a cross – sectional area s and with N turns is placed in a magnetic field of constant
density B. When the coil is moved out of the field an emf is induced in the coil. The graph of
induced emf is drawn with respect to time. The total area under the emf time curve:
(A) will be independent of the velocity of the removal of the coil from field
(B) will be inversely proportional to the velocity of removal of coil from the field
(C) will be directly proportional to the velocity of removal of coil from the field
(D) None of the above
5. A U – shaped conducting frame is fixed in space. A conducting rod CD lies at rest on the smooth
frame as shown. The frame is in uniform magnetic field B0 , which is perpendicular to the plane
of frame. At time t = 0, the magnitude of magnetic field begins to change with time t as,
B0
B= , where k is a positive constant. For no current to be ever induced in frame, the speed
1 + kt
a D
Frame in magnetic field
before time t = 0
BR
is rotated by 180 . The current in the loop after rotation is equal to . Find + .
L
7. A plastic rod AB is moving on a fixed conducting frame PQRS. No other external force is acting.
(Consider VAB 0 )
B
P Q
V
R
S
A
nB 2
in coated with copper, the potential difference across the whole length of the stick is .
2
Find n?
Copper
coating
3
12. A metallic ring of mass m and radius r with a uniform metallic spoke of same mass m and length
r is rotated about its axis with angular velocity in a perpendicular uniform magnetic field B as
shown. If the central end of the spoke is connected to the rim of the wheel through a resistor R as
shown. The resistor does not rotate, its one end is always at the centre of the ring and other end
is always in contact with the ring. A force F as shown is needed to maintain constant angular
13. A wire of fixed length is wound in such a way that it forms a solenoid of length ‘ ’ and radius ‘r’.
Its self-inductance is found to be L. Now if same wire is wound in such a way that it forms a
r
solenoid of length and radius , then the self-inductance will be:
2 2
(A) 2L (B) L (C) 4L (D) 8L
14. A current carrying ring is placed in a horizontal plane. A charged particle is dropped along the
axis of the ring to fall under the influence of gravity.
(A) The current in the ring may increase
(B) The current in the ring may decrease
(C) The velocity of the particle will continuously increase till it reaches the centre of the ring
(D) The acceleration of particle will decrease continuously till it reaches the centre
−4
15. A very small circular loop of area 5 10 m and resistance 2 ohm is initially concentric and
2
coplanar with a stationary loop of radius 0.1 m. If one ampere constant current is passed through
the bigger loop and the smaller loop is rotated about its diameter with constant angular velocity
. The current induced (in ampere) in the smaller loop will be:
(A) 10−9 cos t (B) 10−9 sin t
2
(C) 10−9 sin t (D) 10−9 cos t
2
16. A metallic charged ring is placed in a uniform magnetic field with its plane perpendicular to the
field. If the magnitude of field starts increasing with time, then:
(A) The ring starts translating
(B) The ring starts rotating about its axis
(C) The ring starts rotating about a diameter
(D) The ring remains at rest
(A) The current will increase when the core is pulled out of the solenoid
(B) The current will decrease when the core is pulled out of the solenoid
(C) The self inductance will decrease when the core is pulled out of the solenoid
(D) The self inductance will increase when the core is pulled out of the solenoid
18. A ring of radius 20 cm has a total resistance of 0.04 . A uniform magnetic field varying with
time B = 0.4t T is perpendicular to the plane of the ring:
2
(A) The induced current in the ring is A
5
(B) The ring will be in tension
(C) The ring will be in compression
(D) The magnetic field due to ring at centre of ring will be in a direction opposite to the applied
magnetic field
19. In figure the switch is closed at t = 0, with the capacitor of capacity 1 F and having initial
charge of 20 C (the polarity shown). The left square loop has very large dimensions as
compared to the distance between loops and a resistance of 10 is connected in series with
capacitor as shown. A wire of length 8mm and resistance per unit length of 0.5 / mm is bent
in the form of square loop A and placed at a distance x = 1m from left loop.
R x A
C
+
(D) The induced current in the loop A at time t = 2RCln2 will be 10−8 A
B
C F
Ft
(A) Speed of the rod at time t =
B2 2 C + m
(B) The rod moves with constant acceleration
(C) The charge of capacitor varies linearly with velocity
(D) Charge on the capacitor will never attain steady state value
1. Radius of a circular ring is changing with time and the coil is placed in uniform constant
magnetic field perpendicular to its plane. The variation of ‘r’ with time ‘t’ is shown in the figure.
Then induced e.m.f. with time will be best represented by:
r
t t t t
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2. When magnetic flux through a coil is changed, the variation of induced current in the coil with
time is as shown in graph. If resistance of coil is 10 , then the total change in flux of coil (in
webers) will be:
i(A)
t(s)
0.1
3. A circular loop of radius r is moved with a velocity as shown in the diagram. The force needed
to maintain its velocity constant is:
0 i r 0 i r 0ir 2r + a
(A) (B) (C) ln (D) Zero
2a 2 ( a + r ) 2 a
Q R
I a
P S
a a
Ia Ia 0 Ia 2
(A) 0 ln 2 (B) 0 ln 2 (C)
2r r 2 r
(D) Cannot be found because time of rotation is not given
5. A closed circuit consists of a resistor R, inductor of inductance L and a source of emf E are
L
connected in series. If the inductance of the coil is abruptly decreased to (by removing its
4
E
magnetic core), the new current immediately after this moment is . Find + ? (before
R
decreasing the inductance the circuit is in steady state)
6. A plane loop of wire is placed in a region where the magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane
of the loop and has the same magnitude and direction at all points within the area of the loop at
any time. The magnitude of the magnetic field B varies with time according to the expression
B = B0e− at . Where B0 is maximum value of magnetic field and a is a positive constant. The time
at which induced emf in the loop is maximum when:
1 2 1
(A) t =0 (B) t = (C) t = (D) t = ln 2
a a a
7. A rod of length having uniformly distributed charge Q is rotated about one end with constant
frequency ‘f’. Its magnetic moment is:
f Q 2
2 f Q 2
(A) f Q 2
(B) (C) (D) 2 f Q 2
3 3
B0
t
2 4 6 8
−B0
I1 I2
Observer
Q
P
(B) if I1 = 0 and Q move towards P, a current in the opposite direction to that of I2 is induced in P
(C) When I1 0 and I2 0 are in the same direction then the two coils tend to move apart
(D) When I1 0 and I2 0 are in opposite directions then the coils attract each other.
dU dU
dt dt
t t
(A) (B)
dU dU
dt dt
t t
(C) (D)
13. A triangular loop as shown in the figure is started to being pulled out at t = 0 from a uniform
magnetic field with a constant velocity V. Total resistance of the loop is constant and equals to R.
Then the variation of power produced in the loop with time will be:
5
6 V
5
(A) linearly increasing with time till whole loop comes out
(B) increases parabolically till whole loop comes out
20T
2 cm
60 O
15. In a L-R growth circuit, inductance and resistance used are 1 Henry and 20 respectively. If at
t = 50 millisecond, current in the circuit is 3.165 A then applied direct current emf is (in volt)
16. A circular conducting loop is placed in a region of uniform magnetic field such that the field is in
direction normal to plane of the loop. The radius of the loop is R and the resistance per unit
length of the loop is . A straight wire AB of resistance per unit length is connected along one
diameter of the loop. The uniform magnetic field is decreasing with time at a constant rate
(tesla/se(C). Then current in the straight wire AB is:
A B
Uniform Magnetic Field
(Normal to Plane of Paper)
R R 2R
(A) from A to B (B) from B to A (C) from A to B (D) zero
2 2
17. A uniform magnetic field B increasing with time exists in a cylindrical region of centre O and
radius R. The direction of magnetic field is inwards the paper as shown. The work done by
external agent in taking a unit positive charge slowly from A to C via paths APC, AOC and AQC be
WAPC , WAOC and WAQC respectively. Then:
P B
C A
O
10
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 time t (in sec)
-10
(A) The electric current through the loop is minimum (zero) at t = 1s, 3s and 5s
(B) The electric current through the loop is minimum (zero) at t = 0s, 2s and 6s
(C) Total charge flown through any cross-section of a closed conducting loop between 0 and 6s is
zero
(D) Total work done in rotating the loop in the magnetic field is zero
19. The diagram below shows two conducting loops having a common axis. Which of the following
is/are correct?
R1
Loop 1
S
V
Circuit 1
Y
R2
X
Loop 2
Circuit 2
(B) After the switch S is closed, the initial current through resistor R 2 is from point Y to point X
V
(C) After the switch S has been closed for a very long time, the current is in circuit 1 and zero
R1
in circuit 2
(D) After the switch S has been closed for a very long time, the current is zero in circuit 1 and
V
in circuit 2
R2
20. A conducting rod PQ of length is dogged with a constant force F along two smooth parallel rails
separated by a distance as shown in the figure. Then choose the correct statement(s)
P
B
R F C
2FR
(A) Terminal velocity of the rod, t =
B2 2
FR
(B) Terminal velocity of the rod, t =
B2 2
FCR
(C) Maximum charge on the capacitor, q max =
B
2FCR
(D) Maximum charge on the capacitor, q max =
B
21. Figures shows a conducting rod of negligible resistance that can slide on smooth U – shaped rail
made of wire of resistance 1 / m . Position of the conducting rod at t = 0 is shown. A time
dependent magnetic field B = 2t tesla is switched on at t = 0. After the magnetic field is switched
on, the conducting rod is moved to the left perpendicular to the rails at constant speed 5cm/s by
some external agent.
= 20cm Conducting
Rod
= 40cm
(A) The current in the loop at t = 0 due to induced emf is 0.16 A, clockwise
(B) At t = 2s, induced emf has magnitude 0.08 V
(C) The magnitude of the force required to move the conducting rod at constant speed 5 cm/s at
t =2s, is equal to 0.08 N
(D) The magnitude of the force required to move the conducting rod at constant speed 5 cm/s at
t =2s, is equal to 0.16 N
22. In figure the rolling axle, of length is pushed along horizontal rails at a constant speed . A
resistor R is connected to the rails at points a and b, directly opposite each other. The wheels
make good electrical contact with the rails, so the axle, rails, and R form a closed-loop circuit.
The only significant resistance in the circuit is R. A uniform magnetic field B is vertically
downward. Mark the correct statement(s).
a
v
R
b
B
(A) The induced current I in the resistor is
R
B2 2 2
(B) Horizontal force F is required to keep the axle rolling at constant speed is
R
(C) End of the resistor, a is at the higher electric potential than b
(D) After the axle rolls past the resistor, the current in R reverse direction.
1. A semi-circular loop of radius R is rotated about its straight edge which divides the space into
two regions one having a uniform magnetic field B and the other having no field. If initially the
plane of loop is perpendicular to B (as shown), and if current flowing from O to A be taken as
positive, the correct plot of induced current v/s time for one time period is
B
A
i
O
B
i i
T
2
t t
T T 3T T T 3T T
4 2 4 4 4
(A) (B)
i i
T
4
t t
T T 3T T T 3T T
4 2 4 2 4
(C) (D)
2. A rectangular loop of sides ‘a’ and ‘b’ is placed in xy plane. A very long wire is also placed in xy
plane such that side of length ‘a’ of the loop is parallel to the wire. The distance between the wire
and the nearest edge of the loop is ‘d’. Then find the mutual inductance of this system is
0a b + d 0a b − d 0a b + d 0a b − d
(A) ln (B) ln (C) ln (D) ln
2 d 2 d 4 d 4 d
smooth horizontal table shown. Uniform external magnetic field B = B0ˆi present in the region
(mass of loop is m, current in loop is I, center of loop is origin, number of turn in the loop is 1)
(B) Torque due to external magnetic field on the loop is 2Ia 2 B0 (1 + ) (−k)
ˆ
4. A square loop of area 2.5 10−3 m 2 and having 100 turns with a total resistance of 100 is
moved out of a uniform magnetic field of 0.40 T in 1 sec with a constant speed. Then work done,
−4
in pulling the loop is n 10 m J . Find n?
closed. At the instant t = 0, if K1 is opened and K 2 is closed then the maximum current in the
K1
C1 = 2F C2 = 2F
K2
L = 02.mH
S
E
e e
i i
(A) (B)
e e
i i
(C) (D)
R
P
1 eR dB 1 eR dB
(A) towards left (B) towards right
2 m dt 2 m dt
eR dB
(C) towards left (D) zero
m dt
8. A ring of mass m, radius r having charge q uniformly distributed over it and free to rotate about
its own axis is placed in a region having a magnetic field B parallel to its axis. If the magnetic field
is suddenly switched off, the angular velocity acquired by the ring is:
qB 2qB qB
(A) (B) (C) (D) none of these
m m 2m
9. Figure shows the essential parts of an apparatus to demonstrate the Hall Effect. Which of the
following statements is/are correct?
N
Q
P
Constant
current
(A) In the arrangement above, the Hall potential difference is developed across PQ
(B) The magnitude of the Hall potential is greater if the applied magnetics flux density is
increased
(C) The magnitude of the Hall potential is less if the width PQ of the specimen is decreased
(D) Hall potential is independent of material used for conductor
APNI KAKSHA 419
(Physics) ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
10. In a region there exist a magnetic field B0 along positive x – axis. A metallic wire of length 2a and
one side along x – axis and one side parallel of y – axis is rotating about y – axis with a angular
velocity . Then at the instant shown.
y
R
B0
P x
a Q
m q
= R
R x
(A) Ring will continue to move with constant velocity for the case when it does not loose contact
(B) The value of friction acting on ring is Bq cos
(C) The value of friction acting on ring is Bq sin
mg
(D) Ring will lose contact with ground if is greater than
2qB
APNI KAKSHA 420
(Physics) ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
12. A standing wave y = 2Asinkxcos t is setup in the conducting wire PQ fixed at both ends by
two vertical walls (see the figure). The region between the walls contains a constant magnetic
field B. The wire is found to vibrate in the 3rd harmonic (where PQ = L)
y
B
A x
B
4AB
(A) The maximum emf induced is
k
(B) The time when the emf becomes zero for the first time is
2
2L
(C) The total emf induced is always zero between x = 0 and x =
3
(D) At t = 0, the emf in the entire wire is zero.
13. A circular conducting loop of radius r0 and having resistance per unit length as shown in the
figure is placed in a magnetic field B which is constant in space and time. The ends of the loop
are crossed and pulled in opposite directions with a velocity such that the loop always remains
circular and the radius of the loop goes on decreasing, then:
B
t
(A) Radius of the loop changes with r as r = r0 −
t
(B) EMF induced in the loop as a function of time is e = 2B r0 −
B
(C) Current induced in the loop is I =
2
B
(D) Current induced in the loop is I =
APNI KAKSHA 421
(Physics) ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
14. A square frame of resistance ln ( 2 ) and side a = 20cm and a long straight wire carrying a
current I = 10amp are located in the same plane. The frame is rotated through an angle of 120
about the side PQ. Find the amount of charge flown through the loop during this time is
a
a
P S
I
Q R
15. A coil of circular shape having radius R and N turns begins to rotate about its diameter in
uniform magnetic field B with a constant angular speed . The resistance of coil is ohms. Find
NBR 2
the amplitude of current in the coil is found to be P . Find P.
2
16. Two very long wires parallel to the z-axis (in xz plane) and a distance ‘4a’ (along x-axis) apart
carry equal currents I in opposite directions as shown in the figure. A rectangular strip of width
2a and length L has its centre on the origin midway between the wires, calculate the net upward
magnetic flux through strip.
I L (2a,0,0)
x
(-2a,0,0)
I
2a
0 IL 0 IL 20 IL 30 IL
(A) ln 3 (B) ln 3 (C) ln 3 (D) ln 3
2 2
R F0
P
m
A force of magnitude F0 is exerted for sufficiently long time onto the conducting wire, so that the
speed of the wire becomes nearly constant. The force F0 is now removed at a certain point P.
What distance does the conducting wire cover on rails from point P before stopping?
18. There is a metallic ring of radius 1m and having negligible resistance placed perpendicular to a
constant magnetic field of magnitude 1T as shown in figure. One end of a resistance less rod is
hinged at the centre of ring O and other end is placed on the ring. Now rod is rotated with
constant angular velocity 4rad/s by some external agent and circuit is connected as shown in the
figure, initially switch is open and capacitor is uncharged. If switch S is closed at t = 0, then
calculate heat loss from the resistor R1 from t = 0 to the instant when voltage across the
capacitor becomes half of steady state voltage. (Assume plane of ring to be horizontal and
friction to be absent at all the contacts).
R1
R 2 = 20
R1 = 10
R2 C = 3 F
C
B0
20. A time varying uniform magnetic field, varying at constant rate 1T/sec exists in a circular region
of radius 200 m centred at (0, -100). A conducting wire is placed along y = sin kx , where
k = 1rad / m , from, x = − to + . Find the magnitude of e.m.f. generated in the wire?
y (in m)
x (in m)
0
200
( 0, − 100 )
22. A charged particle of mass m and charge q is suspended with the help of a string having
( )
breaking strength of 2mg and mass having co-ordinates 1, 3 while the space carries a
uniform magnetic field in cylindrical region with centre at origin and radius R=2m.
Maximum charge q if string does not break at the instant magnetic field start increasing with
rate 0.5 Tesla per second is found out to be ‘Kmg’ coulombs. The value of K is
23. A ring of circular cross section and thickness ‘h’ is made of a material of resistivity ' ' . The
inner and outer radii of ring are ‘a’ and b ( = 2a ) respectively. A magnetic field B = krt (where k
is a constant, r is the radial distance from the axis of the ring and t is time) is existing in the
region parallel to the axis of the ring as shown. Then choose the correct option (s).
B = krt
b
a h
3a 9
(A) The emf induced in the ring at r = is k a3
2 4
3a 27
(B) The emf induced in the ring at r = is k a3
2 8
7kha3
(C) The net induced current in the ring is
9
D r v
B
Rail Rail B
2 Blv sin
(A) At t=0, current in the rod is
r
Blv sin
(B) After long time current in the rod is
r
(C) at any time t (except at t = 0) |VA – VB| is non zero
(D)at any time t (except at t=0) |VD–VC| = 0.
EXERCISE – 5
1. A magnetic field (B), uniform between two magnets can be determined measuring the induced
voltage in the loop as it is pulled through the gap at uniform speed 20 m/sec. Size of magnet and
coil is 2cm 1cm 2cm and 4cm 6cm as shown in figure. The correct variation of induced emf
with time is: (Assume at t = 0, the coil enters in the magnetic fiel(D)
2 cm 2 cm
4 cm 1 cm
N
2 cm
6 cm
S 2 cm
1 cm
E
E
0.40(B)
0.40B
500
t ( sec )
2500 3000 0
500
t ( sec )
2500 3000
− 0.40 ( B ) − 0.40B
(A) (B)
E E
0.80(B) 0.80B
t ( sec ) t ( sec )
500 500
0
2500 3000 2500 3000
− 0.80 ( B ) − 0.80 B
(C) (D)
2. Switch S is closed for a long time at t = 0. It is opened, then:
R2
R1
S
1 LV2
(A) Total heat produced in resistor R after opening the switch is 2 R2
1 LV2 R1
(B) Total heat produced in resistor R1 after opening the switch is 2 (R )
R2 1 +R2
1 R2 LV2
(C) Heat produced in resistor R1 after opening the switch is 2 (R 2
1 +R2 )R
E2 E2 4E 2 2E 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4R R R R
4. In the circuit shown in figure, the switch S was initially at position 1. After sufficiently long time,
the switch S was thrown from position 1 to position 2. The voltage drop across the resistor at
that instant is:
C
R S 2
1
L
E
(A) zero (B) E (C) LC (D) None of these
R
5. A thin conducting rod of length is moved such that its end B moves along the x – axis while end
A moves along the y – axis. A uniform magnetic field B = B0kˆ exists in the region. At some
instant, velocity of end B is and the rod makes an angle of = 60 with the x – axis as shown in
the figure. Then, at this instant:
()
y ˆj
B0
A
t
()
x ˆi
B
2 3
(A) Angular speed of rod AB is = (B) Angular speed of rod AB is =
3 2
B
(C) e.m.f. induced in rod AB is B 3 (D) e.m.f. induced in rod AB is 3
2
6. In the configuration shown below, the circuit has no resistance. There is uniform magnetic field B
perpendicular to the plane of paper. A force F is applied on the rod to move it with constant
velocity towards the right side. Which of the following increase(s) linearly with time?
C
7. Magnetic field along x – axis varies according to the relation B = B0 xiˆ . Given a coil of area A with
its axis along x – axis is connected over the top of a plastic trolley which moves along x – axis
with velocity . If the resistance of coil is R, then:
(at t = 0, coil is at x = 0 and = 0 )
O x
0
(C) If the trolley has acceleration then the induced current as a function of time t is given as
B0 A(ν0 +αt)
anticlockwise
R
(D) If the trolley has acceleration then the induced current as a function of position x is given
B0 A(√ν20 +2αx)
as anticlockwise
R
8. A massless frame is present in uniform magnetic field and a block of mass m hangs on the frame
mg
as shown in figure. When a constant current I is maintained in the frame, it gets displaced
B
by ‘h’ in some time interval. If is the emf of battery, then which of the following is/are correct?
S R
m
(D) Force on charges in the segment PQ while the frame moves up is in the vertical direction
9. Two fixed parallel conducting rails of negligible resistance are connected at one end by a
capacitor C. Distance between the rails is . Arrangement is kept on a horizontal plane with
vertical uniform magnetic field as shown in the figure. Initially capacitor is uncharged and a rod
of resistance R and mass m is laid perpendicularly on to the rails and given a velocity 0 . Choose
the correct option(s), provided that the rail is long enough and homogeneous field extends far
enough (Friction and effect of self induction is negligible).
C B
v0
B2 ℓ2 C
(A) Final velocity of the wire is m+B2ℓ2C ν0
mBℓC
(B) Final charge on the capacitor is [ ] ν0
m+B2 ℓ2 C
Bν0 ℓ
(C) Final current in the circuit is 2R
m
(D) Ratio of final kinetic energy and initial kinetic energy is (m+B2ℓ2C)
= 50 cm
E F
m
B D
(A) Position of the rod as a function of time assuming initial position of the rod to be x = 0 and
closed and at time t = 0.25s, S2 is opened. The voltage across the inductor, VL :
1H
S1
S2
+
10 V 20
5
R R
X Z
Y
S
E
2E
(A) The potential difference across YZ at t = 0 is
3
E
(B) The potential difference across XY at t = is
2
E
(C) The potential difference across YZ at t = 0 is
2
2E
(D) The potential difference across XY at t = is
3
13. The given arrangement carries a capacitor with capacitance 40 mF and two inductors L1 = 25H
+
L1 'Q ' C L2
k1 k2
(A) The maximum current through the inductor L1 when key k1 is closed is 20 mA
(B) The maximum current through the inductor L2 when key k 2 is closed is 5 mA
(C) The maximum current through inductor L2 when both the keys are closed is 5 mA
(D) Time period of oscillation of charge is minimum when both the keys are closed
14. The voltage shown in the figure is applied to a 2.5 F capacitor and a 0.5 H inductor separately.
Choose correct graph:
O
4 t (m/s)
1 2 3 5
−10
−20
O O
1 2 3 4 5 t (m/s) t (m/s)
1 2 3 4 5
(A) (B)
E E
(Energy stored
(Energy stored
in inductor)
in inductor)
O O
1 2 3 4 5 t (m/s) t (m/s)
1 2 3 4 5
(C) (D)
15. In the arrangement shown, a gas is filled inside a balloon, which is placed in a vertical magnetic
field of intensity B. The initial volume of balloon is V0 and the gas is filled inside it at the rate of
a m 3 / s . If there is no leakage, find the emf induced at t = 8sec , in a conducting ring, which is
elastic and placed horizontally along the largest circumference of balloon. [Take: B = 1.5T ,
V0 = ( 20) m3 , a = 2 ]
B
17. Loop A of radius r ( r R ) moves towards a stationary constant current carrying loop B with a
constant velocity in such a way that their planes are parallel and coaxial. The distance between
the loops when the induced emf in loop A is maximum is
I
R
A B
18. A small bead of mass m and positive charge +q is mounted on a fixed, thin, smooth horizontal
plastic ring of radius R. At t = 0, bead is stationary. Ring lies in x-y plane with centre at (0, 0).
E0 t ˆ
Magnetic field B = k (where r 0 ) is switched on, where t denotes time, r distance from z –
r
axis and E0 is a positive constant. Find the magnitude of normal reaction exerted by ring on
2I
2R r
R
is projected with velocity of 0 = 5 m / s , tangential to this circle from point A. This particle
intersects another radial line OB at point B with velocity . If the magnetic field is increasing at
the rate of 4T/s then find the value of .
v0 A
r0
B O
v
which varies with time as: i1 = kt 2 , where k is a constant and ‘t’ is time. Find the total charge that
has flown through coil 2, between t = 0 and t = T is
240 turns/cm and a radius of 4cm; see figure. The current in the solenoid changes at a constant
respectively and connected to an inductor of inductance L as shown in the figure. Initially the
current in the inductor is zero. Now the switch S is closed. Find the maximum current in the
inductor. (Take C = 12 F , L = 1H and V0 = 1V )
V0 2V0
+ +
C 3C
S
L
+
Vc 2F
i2
R1 = 2
a c
R 2 = 3
i1 +
L = 4H
d
− 2t − 2t − 2t − 2t
(A) −16e (B) −12e (C) − 8e (D) − 4e
28. The diagram shows a circuit having a coil of resistance R and inductance L connected to a
conducting rod PQ which can slide on a perfectly conducting circular ring of radius 10cm with its
centre at ‘P’. Assume that friction and gravity are absent and a constant uniform magnetic field of
5T exists as shown in figure. At t = 0, the circuit is switched on and simultaneously a time varying
external torque is applied on the rod so that it rotates about P with a constant angular velocity
40 rad/s. Find magnitude of this torque when current reaches half of its maximum value. Neglect
the self inductance of the loop formed by the circuit. Resistance R = 1 .
Q
B
P
S
L R
−4 −5 −4 −5
(A) 125 10 Nm (B) 125 10 Nm (C) 75 10 Nm (D) 75 10 Nm
29. In the circuit shown below we first put the switch on and wait for the currents to come to a
steady state. Then we put the switch back off. What is the magnitude of the potential difference
measured by the voltmeter immediately after the switch was turned off? Take the capacitors and
APNI KAKSHA 437
(Physics) ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
coils to be ideal and assume that the voltmeter provides an infinite resistance. Put = 1V and
R1 = 3R 2
R1 R 2
C L
C
S
C
1 dq d 2q
respectively at any given instant and = ; and 2 represent the time derivatives
LC dt dt
d 2q
log 2
dt
d 2q
log
dt 2
log q
log q
(A) (B)
q
q
(C) (D)
31. Two co-planar, concentric circular coils of radii a and b are placed in the y-z plane such that the
common center of the coils is origin (a >> (B). A current i flows in the outer coil. Now the inner
coil is moved along the x-axis with a constant speed v keeping its plane unchanged. The emf
induced in the inner coil is maximum at:
a 3a a 4a
(A) t = (B) t = (C) t = (D) t =
v v 2v v
32. A conducting disc of conductivity has radius a and thickness . A uniform magnetic field B
is applied in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the disc. If the magnetic field changes
with time at the rate of dB/dt, then the power dissipated in the disc due to the induced current.
33. Figure shows LC circuit with two inductors and two capacitors. When the circuit was set-up
(not at t = 0), the capacitors were not charged. The current in circuit is given by
I = 12sin(2t + / 3) , where ‘t’ is time in seconds. Given L1 = 3H , L2 = 2H , C1 = 0.2F .
(A) C2 = 1/15 F
1 3H
1
8V
4
35. A square rigid loop of dimension ‘a’ meter is placed in a region of uniform magnetic field B, as
shown. Half of the loop is inside & the other half is outside the field. Self-inductance of the loop
is L = 100 Henry & the resistance of loop is R = 50ῼ. A capacitor is also connected in loop in one
of the sides of loop having capacitance
a
C = 1µF. At t = 0 external force (agent) starts moving loop according to equation x = sin (0t ) ,
2
where 0 = 100 rad/s.
a/2 a/2
(A) Current starts with anticlock wise direction, after some time its direction may change.
B0 a 2
(B) Peak value of current in loop is
2R
B 202 a 4
(C) Average power delivered by external agent in one cycle is
8R
(D) If angular frequency of oscillation is more than 0 then average power delivered by
external
APNI KAKSHA 440
(Physics) ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
agent will decrease.
36. Two inductors of self-inductances L1 and L2 and of resistances R1 and R2 (not shown here)
respectively, are connected in the circuit as shown in figure. At the instant t = 0, key K is closed.
Choose the correct options for which the galvanometer will show zero deflection at all times
after the key is closed.
L1 R3
G
L2 R4
K
L1 R3 L1 R1 R1 R3
(A) = (B) = (C) = (D) R1 R4 = R2 R3
L2 R4 L2 R2 R2 R4
37. Shown in figure there is a simple network of these resistors R1 = 1, R2 = 2 and R3 = 3 . A
battery of emf 0.3 volt is connected. The dimension of the loop are given. In loop (1) inward
magnetic field B1 = e−2t is applied and in loop (2) outward magnetic field B2 = 2t is applied. (t
is time)
R1 R2
i1
B1 = e−2t B2 = 2t
20cm
R3 0.3V
e
9 16
(A) initial current in R3 = A (B) initial current in R2 = A
110 110
8 7
(C) initial current in R2 = A (D) initial current in R3 = A
110 110
Infinitely
long wire
i
b
a
0ia a 0ib a
(A) ln (B) ln
2 2a − b 2 a − 2b
0ib a 0ia 2a
(C) ln (D) ln
2 b − a 2 a − b
2. In the given arrangement, the loop is moved with constant velocity in a uniform magnetic field
B in a restricted region of width a. The time for which the emf is induced in the circuit is:
a
b
b>a
2b 2a
(A) (B)
(a + b) 2(a − b)
(C) (D)
3. Two hollow – core solenoids, A and B, are connected by a wire and separated by a large distance,
as shown in the diagram. Two bar magnets, 1 and 2, are suspended just above the solenoids. If
the magnet 1 is dropped through solenoid A as shown, then the magnet 2 will simultaneously be:
Magnet 1 Magnet 2
S N
N S
Solenoid A Solenoid B
B
B' X
(A) A will become positively charged and B will become negatively charged
(B) A will become negatively charged and B will become positively charged
(C) If rod is moving in y – direction then A become negatively charged and B positively charged
(D) If rod is moving in y – direction then A is positively charged and B is negatively charged
5. A constant force F is being applied on a rod of length ‘ ’ kept at rest on two parallel conducting
rails connected at ends by resistance R in uniform magnetic field B as shown.
B
R F
6. A wire loop has been bent so that it has three segments: segment ab (a quarter circle), bc (a
square corner), and ca (straight) as shown in the figure. There are four choices for a magnetic
field through the loop namely B1 , B2 , B3 and B4 as expressed in the options. By choosing
a
x
c
z
7. The plane of a square loop of wire with edge length a = 0.2m is perpendicular to the earth’s
magnetic field BE at a point where BE = 15 T . The total resistance of the loop and the wires
connecting it to the galvanometer is 0.5 . If the loop is suddenly collapsed (such that area of
the loop becomes zero) by horizontal forces as shown, the total charge passing through the
12
galvanometer is 10−6 C . Find n?
n
a a
F F
8. Consider a metal rod of length L that is given a uniform acceleration as shown in figure ((A) and
an identical rod rotating with constant angular velocity in figure (B).
B
a
R
A
A B Stationary
conducting
Figure (a) circular
Figure (b) frame
(A) If VA and VB are potentials of end A and B respectively, then VA VB in figure ((A)
(B) If VA and VB are potentials of end A and B respectively, then VA VB in figure (B)
𝑚𝑎
(C) Electric field inside rod has magnitude in figure ((A)
𝑒
m2 r
(D) Electric field inside rod has magnitude in figure (B)
e
APNI KAKSHA 444
(Physics) ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
9. A cylindrical space is having uniform magnetic field. The field varies with time as B = B0 + t .
If E.d from A to B along paths 1, 2 and 3 are E1 , E 2 and E3 respectively, then mark the
incorrect options.
O
1
2
A B
2a
3
horizontal surface with friction coefficient = . A time varying magnetic field B = B0 t is
2
4
applied in a circular region of radius a ( a r ) perpendicular to the plane of ring as shown in
figure. Find out the time when ring just starts to rotate on surface. (Take a = 5cm and
+ + +
+
+ +
+ a
+ r +
+ +
+ + + + +
(A) 0.4 sec (B) 0.04 sec (C) 4 sec (D) 40 sec
2
(A) B0 R +
2 2
(B) B0 R −
2
(C) B0 R2 − 2
(D) B0 R R −
2 2
4
2. The magnetic flux linked with a coil depends on time t as = at n , where a and n are
constants. The emf induced in the coil is e:
(A) if 0 n 1, e = 0 (B) if 0 n 1, e 0
(C) if n = 1 , e is constant (D) if n 1, e increases with time
3. The circuit below shows two parallel rails separated by distance of 10cm. The rails has 10
resistor each at its middle. The region of space contains magnetic field which is uniform
throughout the space. There are two conducting wires on the parallel rails moving towards each
other with speed of 10m/s.
10
10m/s 10m/s
B = 2T uniform
10cm everywhere
10
Conducting
sliders
A
B
2m
F
E
4m
H
10m G
B2a 2
(A) As frame goes from region I to region II, the thermal energy dissipated is
2R
B2a 4
(B) As frame goes from region I to region II, the thermal energy dissipated is
4R
3B2a 4
(C) Total thermal energy dissipated in one cycle is
8R
3B22a 4
(D) Average power is
8R
6. A U-shaped conducting wire frame having capacitor C is coplanar with an infinite wire having
current I. On frame, a wire PQ having resistance R makes sliding contact as shown. frame and
2V
P Q
I R
v
C
a
2a
C 0 I ( ln 2 )
(A) Charge on capacitor at time t is q =
2
(1 − e − t/RC )
C 0 I ( ln 2 )
(B) Charge on capacitor at time t is q =
(1 − e − t/RC )
0I ( ln 2 ) − t/RC
(C) Current through resistor at time t is i =
2R
(e )
0I ( ln 2 ) − t/RC
(D Current through capacitor at time t is i =
R
(e )
7. Four identical charge particles each of mass 0.1 kg and charge 2C connected to each other via
massless non-conducting rods of equal length. The whole arrangement is placed in a cylindrical
region carrying a uniform magnetic field as shown in the figure ( B0 = 4T, a = 1m ) . Suddenly
the magnetic field is switched off. Then choose the correct statement(s)
q,m
q,m
a O
q,m
q,m
field g exists (see figure) whereas no gravitational field is present right of PQ. The electrical
potential difference between A and B will be
A D
g h
B C
Q
dB
9. Area of shown three loops is A each and the rate of change of magnetic field with time =
dt
Find the line integral of electric field over the shown amperian path ( E.d ) is
Loop
Amperian Path
A circular loop of radius R and resistance per unit length λ is moving with constant velocity v 0 parallel
to a very long current carrying wire carrying current i0. A resistance less rod of length 2R is also
APNI KAKSHA 449
(Physics) ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
moving parallel to the wire as shown in the figure. The rod and the loop are in contact at point A and
road is symmetrical with respect to the center of the loop and at t = 0, rod starts sliding over the loop
without friction. Neglect self-inductance.
v 0 /2
A
i0 v0
R
R 3
R
10. The current through the rod when it is at a distance from the point A of the loop will be:
2
9v0 0i0
(C) ln 3 (D) Zero
16R 2
11. Force required to maintain the uniform velocity of the rod at this instant is:
1. A long straight wire of negligible resistance is bent into V shape, its two arms making an angle
with each other and placed horizontally in a vertical, homogeneous field B. A rod of total mass m,
and resistance r per unit length, is placed on V shaped conductor, at a distance x 0 from its vertex
A, and perpendicular to the bisector of angle (see figure). The rod is started off with an initial
velocity 0 in the direction of bisector and away from vertex A. The rod is long enough not to fall
off the wire during the subsequent motion, and the electrical contact between the two is good
although friction between them is negligible. Choose correct statement(s).
B2 2 B2 2
(A) At any position x, let velocity of wire is then x 0 tan + mV0 = x tan + m
r 2 r 2
m 0 r
(B) Maximum value of x coordinate of wire is x max = x 02 +
B2 tan
2
(C) As x increases, decreases
(D) Whatever is the direction of vertical magnetic field, the rod will ultimately stop
2. In the circuit shown below, the current through inductor is zero when battery is not connected
R1 S2 R2
E
t 0
L (finite)
E L
C
5 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 LC 2 LC 4 LC 2 LC
4. Consider the circuit shown with respective specifications of elements marked in the figure.
Capacitor-1 is charged such that charge on it is Q 0 and it’s left plate is positively charged. While
Capacitor-1 Capacitor-2
Switch
Inductor
1
(A) Frequency of oscillation of charge on left plate of capacitor - 1 is 𝜋√2𝐿𝐶
1 2
(B) Frequency of oscillation of charge on left plate of capacitor – 1 is √
𝜋 𝐿𝐶
𝑄0
(C) Maximum current through the inductor is
√2𝐿𝐶
𝑄0
(D) Maximum current through the inductor is
√𝐿𝐶
+
C C
CV0 2
(A) Charge on right capacitor is given by (1 − cos ω t); ω = √
2 LC
(B) At the instant when charge on capacitor plates have same magnitude, total energy in
capacitor and inductor is equal
C
(C) Maximum current in the circuit has magnitude V0 √2L
6. In the figure, a long thin wire carrying a varying current i = 2sin5t lies at a distance y above one
edge of a rectangular wire loop of length L and width W lying in the x-z plane. Find the
magnitude of emf induced in the loop at t = sec is ( y = 2m, L = 3m, W = 1m )
15
i
W
y z
L
13 13
(A) 5 10−6 ln V (B) 5 10−7 ln V
4 4
13 13
(C) 10 10−6 ln V (D) 10 10−7 ln V
4 4
7. A non-conducting ring of radius R having uniformly distributed charge q starts rotating about
x − x ' axis passing through diameter with an angular acceleration as shown in the figure.
16 102
(Given: q = C,R = 1m,a = 0.1m, = 8rad / s 2 )
0
x' x
R
(A) 2 A (B) 4 A
(C) 6 A (D) 8 A
8. A long wire bend into the shape of a right angle is held stationary on a horizontal frictionless
plane. A very long rod of mass 1kg initially starts with velocity 0 = 4m / s from the apex A of
the bend wire. The resistance per unit length of the wire and the rod is ( )
2 − 1 10−2 / m .
The whole arrangement is put in a region of uniform magnetic field of 0.05 T directed normally
into the horizontal plane. Find the distance travelled by the rod before it comes to rest.
A
(A) 2m (B) 3m
(C) 4m (D) 5m
9. Two straight infinitely long current wires lying along the x-axis and the y-axis carry currents 100
A and 200 A as indicated in the figure. A rigid square metallic wire frame ABCD of side 10 cm and
when the point A is located at (20cm, 20cm) the charge q 0 on the capacitor (as shown in the
figure) is 0.2 C . If, at the above-mentioned instant, find the current flowing in the circuit is
Y
C
D C
i = 200 A R
A B
( 0, 0 )
X
i = 100 A
C, a battery of electromotive force E and internal resistance r and a switch. Initially the switch
was in position 1 for a long time. Find the maximum current in the inductor L2 after the switch
is thrown to position 2.
(Given: E = 5V , L1 = 4mH , L2 = 1mH , r = 2 )
1 2
E, r L1 L2 C
C 60o
R2 R 2 R 2 R2
(A) ( + 6 ) V (B) V (C) V (D) ( + 6 ) V
24 24 6 6
13. Two parallel resistance less rails are connected by an inductor of inductance L at one end as
shown in figure. A magnetic field B exists in the space which is inward perpendicular to the
plane of the rails. Now a conductor of length l, mass m and negligible resistance is placed
transverse on the rail and given an impulse J towards the rightward direction. Then select the
correct option(s):
B
(A) Displacement of the conductor when velocity of the conductor is half of the initial velocity is
3𝐽2 𝐿
√
4𝐵2 𝑙2 𝑚
(B) Displacement of the conductor when velocity of the conductor is half of the initial velocity is
3𝐽2 𝐿
√
𝐵2 𝑙2 𝑚
(C) Current flowing through the inductor at the instant when velocity of the conductor is half of
3𝐽2
the initial velocity is √4𝐿𝑚
(D) Current flowing through the inductor at the instant when velocity of the conductor is half of
3J2
the initial velocity is
Lm
a
x
a 2
(A) current induced in ring is
R
a 2
(B) current induced in ring is
2R
2 a 4 ( + )
(C) the magnetic force acting on the ring is
2R
2 a 4 ( + )
(D) the magnetic force acting on the ring is
R
15. The switch S in the circuit is connected with point ‘a’ for a very long time, and then it is shifted
to position ’b’. The current through the inductor as a function of time after shifting the switch to
position ‘b’, is shown by curves in the graph for four sets of values for the resistance R and
inductance L (given in column 1). Which set corresponds with which curve? [the switching is
done such that the current through conductor does not change during switching]
a• i
S
• •
+ b• R
IV
E
− L III
II
I
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
D B 200 B 4 B C A A B
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
C D D B AC BCD BC ABCD C D
21
B
EXERCISE – 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
3 B A A A 4 D D 25 D
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
5 5 A C C B AC ACD ABD ABCD
EXERCISE – 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A 2 D B 5 A B A C B
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
B A B 16 100 D C AC AC BC
21 22
ABC AD
EXERCISE – 4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
D A BC 1 1 A A C AB AD
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
ACD ACD ABD C B A D C C C
21 22 23 24
D A AD AC
EXERCISE – 5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A C A B AD ACD ABCD BCD BD AB
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
BC C BCD AB A C B D B C
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
D D C C D C A A B C
31 32 33 34 35 36 37
C A AC BD ABCD ABCD BD
Proficiency Test-2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
C BCD ABD ABD AD AC ACD C C C
11
D
Proficiency Test-3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
ABCD AD AC AC ABCD B D D D D
11 12 13 14 15
B D AC AD A-R; B-P; C-S; D-Q