Steve MARKS

Toroidal Power Unit

YouTube Videos

https://www.youtube.oo//watohvvcoRHttlLyyP)

Interview with Haok Durban ( Marks' assooiate ) ( Part 1 )

https://www.youtube.oo//watohvvctPuhI13ZMMRe

Haok Durban / Steven Marks interview TPU ( Part 2 )

https://www.youtube.oo//watohvvc_fRRKz_fUoonnoht/l=caalse

Interview with Steven Marks

https://www.youtube.oo//watohvvc1nqke_k/Y_&nnoht/l=caalse

_esley Translate's Akula video #13: Akula's TPU part 2

Colleoted ootes -- Steven Marks re : TPU ( Toroidal Power Unit )
"In one of the RCA engineering manuals I read that it has been measured in a wire
that there exists a slight increase in current when frst electrons are caused to fow in
it.

"This was explained because the earth’s magnetc feld exerted some infuence on
the wire and the electron fow inside it. Or rather the electrons on the surface of the
wire.

"The inrush of current through the flament interacts with the earth’s magnetc feld
to produce a small kick. (Morgan Jones book, valve amplifers. rd editon, page 262)

"It PROVES that there is an interacton between the magnetc feld of the earth and
simple electrons running through wires

"They say that you cannot get more out of something then you put into it. Then I
think about that wire with the small kick when frst turned on… There in lies the
secret my friend..."

[ NOTE ; Hans Coler and Schumann ( of Schumann Resonance fame ) observed this
phenomenon in the 1940s. ]

STEVEo MARK : Su//ary oR I/portant Points:

1. Compass will spin up when turned on.

2. Never tune too closely to the exact frequencies
. Make a Kill Switch with Over Voltage & Heat Sensors.
4. The control units are so very important to control the frequencies.
5. The frequencies are directly related to the circumference of the collector coil.
6. First frequency, then second harmonic component into the second, then the
third.
7. You could describe the useable current output of my coil as DC but with some
hash in it.
8. There are Control Coils (all the way around) each of the Collector Units. Start
them 1 at a tme.
9. The “TPU” units apparently heat up to a potentally dangerous level afer a
considerable period of tme
10. The Collector is three separate coils of mult strand copper wire laid one on top
of the other. Other control wires are wound around all of the horizontal collector
coils together.

It took several years of experimentaton to discover what frequencies and most

importantly how to make small integrated circuits work to perform the control
functons necessary to make the demonstratons you see on the video tapes
available today.

So in many ways we have early RCA color TV engineers to thank for my discovery of
the power generator. I am sure they are all dead now but they did contribute.
Perhaps a story which had impact on me at that tme was told to me by my boss way
back in 1970 I believe it was.

He told me that around 1965 or 66 there was an explosion in an apartment in

Chicago. The authorites had concluded that for some unknown reason, a General
Electric color television receiver had been the source of an explosion that killed a
young black child in the apartment. My boss went on to relate that he was involved
in the investgaton because he was in Chicago at the tme and he was invaluably
experienced with television circuits and etc. He told us that what they found was,
the TV had exploded with some quick fury. The explosion did in fact kill the poor
child who was sitng directly in front but spared his mother who was some distance
away in the kitchen. The explosion was strange because of the absence of expected
chemicals necessary to create the explosion. It appeared that the TV was the exact
center of the explosion, however no one could fnd a reason for the explosion
occurring.

Also consider that there is not really much inside a TV to explode with enough force
to kill people and destroy the living room a large apartment. Yes a CRT can explode
and kill someone, however this was not the kind of explosion we are talking about.
The most interestng part of the story is that according to our boss, metallic objects
especially those containing large amounts of iron were dramatcally displaced. He
mentoned that some nails were actually removed from the walls and pulled toward
the TV set. When they found them they were bent and shaped like cork screws!
Everything in the room appeared to have moved or was moving toward the TV as it
exploded, or imploded as the case may be.

The child was apparently killed by way of these metallic objects traveling through his
body on their way toward the center of the TV set. As far as my boss knew, there
was never a good explanaton for the occurrence. We found out that this was not
the only unexplained explosion of TV sets worldwide.
However, the fact that all the sets exploded while in operaton may bear some light.
Also most of the TV sets were made by the GE company or were TV sets made using
GE circuits and of similar design. However, this man who had been my mentor for so
many years had his own theory which he never told anyone as far as i know, except
me. His theory was that the TV while in operaton, somehow managed to become a
receiver of more then just television waves and so for a millisecond in tme became a
receiver and discharged of a huge amount of electrical and magnetc energy.

This discharge of magnetc energy is vary similar to the discharge of magnetc energy
during an atomic explosion. . . Now that is something I have thought about a great
deal. My employer's words had great impact on me. Not that they meant anything
really, but I kept thinking about the possibility of many frequencies combining at one
moment in tme to produce an entrely diferent efect then intended by the
designers.

Listen to what I say here...... I am going to state just characteristcs. I don't want
people to get over excited and start arguing again too much. My units behave
exactly like common radios in one way. With a radio you have many diferent
statons broadcastng at diferent frequencies. Yes I know about the diference
between Frequency Modulaton and Amplitude Modulaton, etc. That is not relevant
for our conversaton here.

You tune your radio to the staton you desire and the closer you tune to the ideal
frequency the stronger the amplifcaton of the signal will be and the beter the radio
will collect and amplify the signals for their entertainment value. If the radio signal is
too strong the radio receiver might be overloaded and distorton or other bad efects
will take place. By tuning slightly of frequency we can weaken the signal the radio is
receiving and amplify and produce the sound for entertainment purposes.

However, the music will not be of high quality. The music will be lacking in response
and tmbre, etc. OK let us compare this story of the common radio. Think of the
power unit as a device similar to a radio receiver. No I do not want to hear feed back
informing me that I am trying to convince the world my unit works on radio waves!!!.

But it behaves very much like a simple radio receiver except for the fact that radio
waves need to be amplifed before they can be of any use to us. My units behave as
though they are variable tuning devices, and we are tuning them to a frequency just
like a radio. The closer you get to the center frequency the more power you permit
the collector to dissipate into a load. The important diference here is that in the
case of the radio, you tune into the frequency and amplify it for use.

1. In the case of my power unit, you create several frequencies within a space of the
collector coil's circumference.

2. The frequencies are directly related to the circumference of the collector coil.

. You can begin to collect the current and dissipate it with no need for amplifcaton
because the signal source also becomes the feed for the power source and has the
natural tendency to run with gain.

4. It is important that you note that you can never tune too closely to the exact
frequencies of power conversion because the power received by the collector will
instantly destroy it.

5. We instead must deliberately tune of the frequencies of conversion in order to

make the thing properly work. Remember that it is like a furnace which feeds itself.
The hoter it gets the more fuel it gives itself to burn.

6. That is why the control units are so very important. Without the control unit
constantly monitoring the frequencies of operaton and making the necessary
changes to keep the whole thing of exact conversion frequency, then the unit would
very quickly destroy it's self.

7. By the way, have you seen the video of the compass turning violently in the
center of the unit while in operatonn Notce that when I frst turn the unit on that
the compass starts to spin very slowly. It speeds up faster and faster untl it just
stops. When it stops the unit is always operatng at about it's design maximum.
We never found out why any of this occurred. It tended to reinforce what I observed
as the turbine efect.

8. When the unit is shut of the compass starts to revolve again and slowly comes to
a rest. By the way, the fre discharge everyone sees in the video is afer the output
of the device is switched through a large high value resister!

9. I hope that will wake up a few of you to the danger potentals.

10. Stefan is quite correct about the amount of power necessary to pull the nails out
of the walls during the GE color television explosion in Chicago. Actually Dr.
Schinzinger told me that it would have required much more power then that. We
theorized that the TV set must have become for a split second, a power unit very
similar in operaton to one of my own making. Except for the fact that it wouldn't
have been designed to collect and convert the available power in a useful way.
Instead, the TV just stumbled for one millisecond on the correct combinaton of
frequencies necessary to cause the phenomenon of magnetc collecton. But
unfortunately the TV set had no way to control the functon and began to absorb and
discharge both the electric and magnetc factors caused by the infuence of the
strong feld.

11. It was during this discussion with Dr. Schinzinger that he pointed out that during
an atomic explosion aside from the gigantc blast wave and heat produced there is
also an extremely large magnetc force which is so strong that it travels way out into
space during the explosion. The magnetc wave is so strong that it will completely
destroy any unprotected electronic circuits of solid state design. That is why solid
state radios will be useless afer an nuclear atack on your country.

12. Let us ponder where the huge magnetc feld comes from when you explode an
atomic bomb. It is just createdn Is it convertedn Is it part of the earth somehown Is
it just a by product of the fabric of tme and space being ripped into pieces in a
fragment of a secondn I am curious as to where this unbelievably huge magnetc
force comes from during an atomic explosion... It is something else to think about.
Perhaps in connecton with my power technology. Dr. Schinzinger said that it is
explained as being the result of the splitng of the atom. However, that is a very
short explanaton and not really a satsfactory explanaton of what generates the
force. He agreed with me and said it would also mean that in reality we know very
litle about magnetc felds and magnetc property.

1 . The multple frequencies traveling around the coils are of too high a frequency
to provide for any motve efort. They are only a means to achieve an end. The
multple frequencies begin to feed themselves and the multple kicks become a
combined big kick. I call it resonatng. That is why if you notce in the video tapes
that it takes just a few seconds for the coil to begin to functon at maximum efort.

14. When I began to study the efects of multple frequencies combined together I
found out that when you deliberately strive to create the worst case scenario of
frequencies you start to get some very measurable kicks. In themselves they are not
much. But if you make enough of them fast sendof, you get a collectble power spike
that is more then the power available to begin with. The destructve heatng caused
by the eddy currents become the problem we face when we make a really large
powerful coil. Now you understand more about the heatng problem and why using
a fan does not work.

15. You could describe the useable current output of my coil as DC but with some
hash in it. It really doesn't have any convertble AC component which could provide
a mechanical motve force as you suggested. "In one of the RCA engineering
manuals I read that it has been measured in a wire that there exists a slight increase
in current when frst electrons are caused to fow in it. This was explained because
the earth's magnetc feld exerted some infuence on the wire and the electron fow
inside it. Or rather the electrons on the surface of the wire. Even today you can fnd
examples of discussion of this fact even in non scientfc journals. If you look in
Morgan Jones book, Valve Amplifers, rd editon, on page 262 he says, The inrush of
current through the flament interacts with the earth's magnetc feld to produce a
small kick. SMALL KICK. Those words mean a great deal. It PROVES that there is an
interacton between the magnetc feld of the earth and simple electrons running
through wires. It may be a small infuence but it is actual OVER UNITY. I have spent
several years of my life thinking about that."

16. They didn't know that according to science only one playing of the shellac disk
would destroy it. They didn't know so they just kept on making and selling diamond
needles for not only shellac disks but the new sof vinyl ones as well. Trial and error
is the best way to make new discoveries. If we rely completely on what we are told
by scientsts and engineers we will never make any relevant discoveries because we
are told not to try, that they are impossible. On to another point. Please keep in
mind that these things are dangerous. Very dangerous. We are talking about several
hundred volts at a potental of an amp or more. The average experimenter can not
deal with anything like that.

17. I do not want the average person actually coming across one of the correct
frequency components and using both hands to measure the feld frequency not
realizing there is fve hundred volts and zap, their heart is stopped. I tell you this
from my experience. Personal experience involving others.

If something as elementary as an ETR circuit is not understood by the experimenter

and if the experimenter has never had any experience with high voltages, especially
voltages that can easily kill you, then he should get out and not atempt to recreate
anything like my technology. During my experiments and even during my
demonstratons, several people were badly hurt.

Perhaps you read the report by a gentleman who was told NOT to touch the two
leads coming out of the small coil because the same voltage was there as would be
at the 120 volt mains wall socket. At some point he decided the only way for him to
know for sure that my demonstraton was real was to touch the two leads leading
directly out of the small coil. He was badly burned and needed medical atenton.
However he became an instant believer.

18. The very FIRST example I gave you was that; It is common scientfc knowledge
that if you have a piece of wire and frst run electricity through it you will have a
small kick when frst energized. The kick is universally atributed to the earth's
magnetc feld. OK the point is; YOU CAN GET SOME ENERGY OUT OF THE EARTH!
Next point; YOU CAN DO SOMETHING VERY SIMPLE WITH A WIRE TO SHOW THIS.

Next point; YOU CAN SEE THAT YOU CAN GET MORE OUT OF A PIECE OF WIRE THEN
YOU PUT IN TO IT.

19. We are not talking about a coil or a transformer or anything developing a

primary to secondary fux. We are just talking about a straight piece of wire, some
electrons and a method of measuring what comes out of it. Some people just sit
back and say, well that isn't very much power, we want to make much more. In
order to run you must walk frst. I told you that the simplest form of over unity is a
piece of wire and a voltage source.
Anyone can actually connect it and measure. See for yourself the kick. NO coil no
xmrs, just a kick.

That should tell you learned gentleman that there exists a form of energy convertble
and useable which is directly related to a simple piece of wire and instantaneous
electron fow. You know it is common knowledge in the electron tube world that
aside from the fact that a cold flament conducts more electricity then when hot, one
of the things that destroys the flament in electron tubes for that mater is this kick
when you frst turn on the juice. The kick is there whether the flament is hot or
cold. The kick helps destroy the flament and cathodes integrity.

So everyone knows about the kick and accepts that it somehow comes from the
earth's magnetc feld. So do something with this informaton! Not even Edison
explained what this means! In his memoirs he said that it was a fact that we all had
to contend with, but that he did not understand why it happened. If you call yourself
experimenters then start to experiment. I had only this to go on when I started and
litle by litle I fgured out how to make many several thousands of kicks per second. .
. AND YOU KNOW WHAT, IT ISN"T DIFICULT AT ALL.

20. Lets talk about the 'kick.' When the old Edison DC generators were turned on,
back in the day, they released this 'kick' and killed many workers in the process. A
man by the name of Tesla had seen this. He wondered how and why this 'kick' would
occur. So he experimented with wire and disruptve discharges from capacitors. It
was found by him that this kick could be made so powerful that it could explode
wires instantly. This kick came out of the wires perpendicularly. He discharged
capacitors into stout wire and through a spark gap.

The key to the kick's strength and appearance was in how fast Tesla discharged the
capacitors into the spark gap AND how fast Tesla STOPPED the fow of current AT the
spark gap. Tesla used all types of devices to stop this fow of current, magnets, a
fame, counter-rotatng engines. His goals were to get the tme in which the
discharge is STOPPED to be much quicker. As Tesla did this he found that the
perpendicular radiatons, the ones from the wires, caused electrical efects to appear
in wires and other copper/metal materials near the STOPPED current/discharge.
These electrical efects could be made to create electrons on other wires and copper
around his STOPPED current/discharge wire.

21. With the right combinaton of frequencies, you can actually create a revolving
feld with inerta! That is what I have referred to as , The inerta efect. There is a
genuine gyroscopic efect when the units are on. Everybody has notced that when
held and in operaton, the units have a defnite vibraton and have a gyroscopic
efect. They seam to resist being moved through the air. When placed on a smooth
surface it is very pronounced. Some of you should think about that.

22. Rotaton of feld. How many people think about that. If you could have a feld
that you could think of as a big ball. And you could rotate it in two directons what
would the ramifcatons ben Listen, you need to make three coils or so one on top of
the other. But the important thing is to wrap the control coils perpendicularly
around the collector coils. There needs to be three of them all the way around.
Start them up one at a tme each.

2 . First frequency, then second harmonic component into the second, then the
third. When you eventually strike the cord look out. You will know what has
happened at that point. In the mean tme you can measure a slight output even if
you do not strike the exact cord. Larger collectors have a much greater ability to
collect and dissipate more energy then the smaller ones. However, if they turn into a
bomb it will not make much diference. There is no such thing as a small lightning
strike.

24. Perhaps a smaller one is safer because the only thing that will stop a red
collector is the disintegraton of the mater actng as a receiver. IE, the wires all burn
up. We built many, many units with various combinatons of collectors during our
experimental days. My colleagues and I have a recollecton of about thee hundred
being crushed up because they were not the best designs. Most of the more
successful units we made had control wiring run or wrapped vertcally over the
horizontal collector wires. You can see them in the units in some of the videos under
black plastc covering. They were run perpendicular to the travel of the collector
wires. They were run in multple segments. Each segment could be fed a diferent
frequency individually and or from a collector secton to help perpetuate the
oscillaton and control.

25. The control frequencies are important in order to make power from the
collector. I assumed that anyone working on technology this sophistcated would
have a superior knowledge of electronics and an understanding of PURE frequency
output being a Necessity to control the reactons going on inside the collector. By
startng the oscillaton you cause the current to fow in the collector which causes
the magnifcaton of the process within the collector which will ultmately produce
the greater voltage and power in usable amounts during operaton. It is electron
fow of a high order creatng a large magnetc feld. Or vice versa. Electron tube
circuits work much more precisely then solid state units. Especially when frst
experimentng. You will be able to get some excitaton with solid state units but we
had to design with tubes frst and then try to duplicate the functoning system with
solid state circuits later. It was difcult. Solid state circuits are very dirty and
imprecise.

26. Vacuum tubes have EXTREMELY FAST TRANSIT TIMES. Solid state devices are
like molasses! They also use about a million percent of feed-back to get a clean
signal output. Vacuum tube devices are fast, accurate and only require a few db of
feedback to achieve beter result. Lets just look at simple power amplifer as an
example: A 100 wat solid state amplifer will consist on average with a compliment
of 0 or so transistors, lots of amplifying and control devices all based on high
current low voltage. Low voltage means SLOW. Also, all those transistors in the
amplifying stages slow down the signal process. Now look at a basic electron tube
device. You have one stage of amplifcaton, one stage of signal phase splitng and
driving and one stage of power output, all at high voltage low current. This means
FAST! It also means that the feedback for frequency output correcton is FAST also.
Now you see why I have always said that tubes are much beter for
experimentaton. Solid state devices are too slow to fnd the three major
intersectng you know whats...

27. I want you to start and think of the generator principles the exact same way that
passing the sound barrier was accomplished. Read how the engineers fnally
developed the proper wing design to accomplish super sonic speed in aircraf. I hope
it will give you a picture of what is going on inside the generator and especially the
collector. The people who say that tubes are exactly the same as transistors are
very, very naive.

28. And now I will tell you something very important. You remember I mentoned
fast electron transit tme vs molassesn Let us examine a simple audio amplifer.
When you design an amplifer you try to isolate noise, or hash from the mains power
supply from getng into the B+ and contaminatng the output signal, etc. You can
measure all kinds of noise from the mains in your B+ not to menton all the noisy
spikes from the solid state rectfers giving the direct current to the power
capacitors. All of this is easily measured, or seen on a scope of most solid state audio
amplifers. NOW design and make a good tube amplifer and you will immediately
fnd a dramatc diference in the B+ supply measurements and what you can see on
the scope. No more spikes from the solid state rectfers, almost no hash from the
mains power coming in! REMEMBER, all of that noise and hash in your solid state
amplifer is in the output signal ! Now tell men What do you think is happening
inside the extremely sensitve torrid generator when you use solid state devices to
atempt to create the required precise control frequencies to make catalyst and
produce powernnn

29. You know transistors just don't do well at those high frequencies. They try hard
but they just make all sorts of harmonics all over the place. Dirty things transistors.
MOSFETS are beter you know if you wanted to make an amplifer that behaved as
though it was a tube amp but in a smaller size. Please be very careful with your
experiments and WATCH out! The Kill switch....remember the kill switch. I do not
want this to scare the crap out of any body and have them telling mamma, blaming
satan, god, or any body else.

0. This inventor claims that the output of the unit is high voltage DC with a
frequency component of around 5k Hz. First of all, obviously you can have several
diferent output components in the power output signal. You can have DC and AC
together without any problem.

There are several parts of the power unit which have patents. Remember that the
power unit technology is owned by the UEC corporaton and I have to be very careful
about not stepping on their toes. I am not afraid of them or anything like that. It is
just that they are the legitmate owners of the patents and most of the research ect.
I would not like to break my trust with them. However, I can, and will give to all of
you as much informaton as I can. I believe that I will be able to give you enough
informaton to begin research on your own. I just have to pass it in front of my
atorney frst so I do not get myself into trouble, that's all. 2. I will in tme give out a
basic Hardware diagram which you may fnd helpful. . No, I will not publish a
schematc diagram of the control circuit. It is proprietary informaton owned and
controlled by the UEC Corporaton, so I won't go there.

1. About the Flame like Discharge. Yes it does cause RF burns. I was going to tell
you about that, but I decided to wait and see how long it would take one of you to
realize this on your own. Bravo! YES, toroidal transformers have some very weird
factors. Study the strange factors. Your interest in the harmonic resonance is also
stepping toward the right directon of things. But then again it depends on your
viewpoint about exactly what harmonic resonance is and how it relates to magnetc
felds and convertng energy as does my power unit. We have done a great deal of
experimentaton with permanent magnets with some very astounding results. I could
stop now and start over again with that subject alone. Has anyone ever read any of
the reports about our experiments with what was called, the Magnetc shadow
castng materialn No it wasn't some kind of paint. But you would be fascinated with
the amount of renewable energy you can extract from a permanent magnet! We
went through about ten thousand dollars worth of Neodymium and Super Cobalt
404 magnetc material in our experiments. I could write volumes of informaton
about that stuf. Those experiments te in to our development of the power unit.

2. At the request of Mr. Richard Mincherton I was present on October 28th at a

test demonstraton of a device that its inventor claims will produce electric power
without measurable energy input except as derived from the earth'’ magnetc and
gravitatonal felds. The test was conducted at the inventor's home. I was allowed to
bring and use measuring instruments, but because the inventor had to leave afer 1
½ hours, I was not able to conduct independent tests on my own. Based on my
observatons, I can atest to the fact that the three models of the device displayed
and tested on that day did indeed light up one, two and six light bulbs (each rated at
100 wat and 120 volt) respectvely. This was less then the fgures quoted to me
before the test, but stll adequate to demonstrate that the devices functon in some
fashion. The smallest unit produced 140 to 150 volts unloaded and 60 to 90 volts
when lightng one 100-wat bulb. The mid-sized unit produced 250 volts unloaded,
and was observed producing 142 Volts at .5 Ampere afer 0 minutes of lightng two
bulbs. The largest unit produced 798 Volts unloaded. With a six-bulb load the
voltage dropped to 420 Volts.

Afer the test the inventor cut the toroidally shaped device into segments (though
not the controller box located at the center of the device). These samples consisted
of an array of circumferentally arranged coils and wires grouped around a core
made of a cork like substance. October 29, 1995 Roland Schinzinger, Dept. of
Electrical and Computer Engineering (UCI). Professor Emeritus of Electrical
Engineering (UCI) PhD, Univ. California, Berkeley 1966. MS, “ 1954. BS, “ 195

. I do suggest that people who are not familiar with rf and the burns that can be
had do not mess with this. The coils get hot. This problem has not been resolved. It
apparently due to the windings moving. Think of the ouput as dc (pulsed) 5khz with
lots of Hash in it. When it is unloaded the voltage climbs substantally and I do not
mean a spike. it lasts for several seconds and is a good third higher. Steven calls it
the turbine efect.

The large coils have control units (as seen) the small coils have the control unit
mounted on the inside edge of the coil and they do have to be inside the coil. Here is
something interestng from Steven. It has been a very long road from beginning to
end. It took several years of experimentaton to discover what frequencies and most
importantly how to make small integrated circuits work to perform the control
functons necessary to make the demonstratons you see on the video tapes
available today.

In one of the videos you demonstrate your device which it is connected to a

measuring instrument. When you turn it top down the voltage decrease and you
had no explanaton for it. Now my queston: did you try your device already on the
earth south siten YES NORBERT, WE DID TRY THEM SOUTH OF THE EQUATOR, THEY
WORK IN REVERSE. CAN SOMEONE TELL ME WHYn

4. YES THERE IS A ROTATING FEILD WHICH CAUSES ELECTRONS TO FLOW IN

COPPER WIRE AND BE USED TO PROVIDE USEFULL WORK FORSE. THERE ARE MANY
WIRES PERPENDICULAR TO THE MAIN COLLECTOR. THIS IS A NECESSARY PART OF
THE DEVICE.

SINCERELY,
SM. March 06, 2006

September 29, 1997

Michael Fennell (Consultng Engineer)
8 48 Menkar Road
San Diego, CA. 92126

To whom it may concern:

I have been hired by Mr. Green to evaluate the performance of the Toroidal Power
Unit or TPU as has been described to me as a proprietary inventon of Steven Mark
who was untl 1995 President and Chief engineer of Spheric Laboratories, a public
corporaton. I have been instructed to compare the performance of the TPU with
that of any known bateries and other storage systems. As understood the device is
universally observed to have the following characteristcs:

Outside Diameter: 6"

Inside Diameter: 5"
Height: 1 - /4"
Weight: 12 ounces
Output Power: 250 Wats
Output Voltage: 160 Volts
Voltage Frequency: 5000 Hz.
Duraton of Performance: 0 Minutes

The “TPU” units apparently heat up to a potentally dangerous level afer a

considerable period of tme, and must be shut of at that point. This makes some
people suspicious of a batery that is being depleted and which must be recharged
afer a few minutes. However, afer having cooled down, the inventor has always
managed to start the unit up again and light the lamps again for the same amount of
tme as before, untl the unit heats up again, without removing the device from the
observers sight to be “recharged”. This can apparently be done any number of tmes,
such as the cumulatve “ON” tme can be extended to at least 0 or 40 minutes. This
is several
tmes longer then the theoretcal limit of any kind of concealed batery pack that I,
the batery experts or electrical engineers have yet been able to discover. I have
personally seen this demonstraton at least ffy tmes.

In point of fact, there is in existence a video tape showing a “TPU” putng out over
1,000 Volts and lightng ten 100 Wat/ 120 volt light bulbs in series for ten minutes. (I
have seen this demonstraton in person several tmes).

5. About the collector: It is three separate coils of mult strand copper wire laid
one on top of the other, not interleaved. Three is important. You can do many things
with three coils. You can run them in parallel, you can run two in series and one in
parallel, or etc. You can run a separate frequency into each coil for beter control on
large power units if need be. The control wiring is vertcally wound in several
segments around each of the horizontal collector coils. Other control wires are
wound around all of the horizontal collector coils together.

Through the diferent control wire and coil wire arrangements you can keep
complete control of the unit most of the tme. However, you must have an
emergency KILL switch. A way of cutng of all the control frequencies simultaneity.
This kill switch must be, manual and also connected through a heat sensor buried
within the collector coil.

It should automatcally stop the functon of the unit before it self destructs on it's
own. This is important for obvious reasons. Also the kill switch should also be
connected to cut of whenever it measures over voltage. If that should ever happen,
you would never have enough tme to hit the kill switch before the inevitable
explosion occurred. You know, it is very similar to the idea of a long garden hose.
Picture a hose with water in it. If you pick up one end and move along the length of
the hose you will move the water constantly along in the directon you are moving.
You could also squeeze the hose in the directon to move the water along as well.
And you could do both to control the movement of the water more precisely. You
can think of the movement of water as the movement of electrons through the
collector coils.

6. August 16, 2006 – Mystery Post. Here is what I perceive in his power toroidal
device, and I will try to make this concise and sensical:

1. When one builds a biflar coil, using one winding for power, and one for trigger,
and drive this with a transistor, there is a certain point, when you bring a magnet
close to one end of the coil, you will get a loud squealing noise from the coil. This
feedback is the result of the trigger and power coil constantly switching the power
transistor used to drive that coil of and on again. It is also a point where that
coil/transistor combinaton produce a high voltage output which one can gather
from the collector of the transistor. If lef unchecked, this resonant frequency of
on/of switching will burn up the transistor, and thus a resistor must be put into the
trigger winding circuit to lessen the voltage produced in the winding. It is one
element of what I believe is happening in the Mark device.

2. When one places several coils around a toroid, one can think of switching from
one to the next, preferably sequentally, the minimum number of coils being three.
In this case one could use the trigger winding from one coil to turn on the power of
the second coil, the trigger from the second to the third power, the third trigger to
the power winding of the frst coil.

. Flux can switch directons within a ferrous material instantaneously and some say
super-luminally. It takes very litle switching power to fip fux "bundles" from one
directon to another, given that there is a good path for the fux to move through.
The toroid is perfect for this. If one were to turn on a magnetc feld in one coil, that
fux permeates most of the toroid, but more importantly is perceived by the next
coil. This in turn triggers that coil to operate, and the frst coil feld is shut down. In
this way, one could use coils to move the fux in PULSES around the toroid. This
switching from coil to coil, accomplished with low power, high voltage pulses occurs
at a natural frequency of the circuit and that frequency that can be handled by the
power transistors.

4. The high voltage, low power is a result of the "kick" whereof Steve Mark speaks. It
was most clearly described by Nikola Tesla, when he observed a very high voltage
spike at the VERY INSTANT a DC switch was closed. In fact he spoke of people being
killed by this spike. Such a spike (though lower in magnitude) happens within a
transistor at the very instant its gate is closed to allow power to course through it. I
learned of this in vacuum tubes from my dad when he taught me how to build my
frst Heathkit shortwave radio in 196 . He said: "Whenever possible, leave the radio
on - it doesn't consume much power, but the startup surges will quickly burn up your
tubes."

5. When a coil is thus actvated, initally it creates a very powerful magnetc spike.
Imagine that this can even be more amplifed if the transistor is turned on only to
close the gate of a silicone controlled rectfer, in order to dump a small capacitor
very suddenly through the coil.
6. It becomes easy to see that when one talks about the switching ability of
transistors, 5kHz is perfectly reasonable, switching from one coil to the next.

7. Next we have the challenge of making the many pulses of magnetc power
unidirectonal. As we all know current running through a wire creates a circular
magnetc feld centered about that wire. This also answers the old queston you
posed on one of your posts as to why a set of jumper cables jumps when shorted
across the batery terminal. Well, frst, the directon of current is opposite in the two
leads, thereby quadrupling the magnetc force in the narrow space between the two
wires. This powerful magnetc "linear" fux concentraton between the cables then
tries to orient itself to the ambient earths magnetc fux lines, and hence, jumps.
Note, however, that there is more at play here. The VERY INSTANT you connect the
cable to the batery, you also have that very high voltage spike whereof Tesla spoke.
This spike has a large Radiant Energy component to the electricity. It contributes a
great deal to the powerful magnetc pulse.

8. Back to unidirectonal fux in the toroid. In order to create a mainly DC current in

windings around part or all of the toroid, we must now ensure the fux moves in ONE
directon. Well, the placement of a magnet at right angles to the fow around the
toroid would tend to make the fux take a preferental directon. The fux of a
controlling coil in a fux-gatng device such as some of the Joe Flynn devices is quite
weak, but exerts enormous directonal control on even very powerful fux. This is the
concept exploited in the design of the newest patent of the Magnetc Power Module.
(Interestngly, it appears to be a derivaton of Steven Mark's eforts....) Thus, instead
of using additonal small coils to make the toroidal fux take one preferred directon
as compared to the other can be acco0mplished by the use of a ferrite magnet, as
seen in the videos (I, too have watched them numerous tmes.)

9. Now to the queston of the litle pieces of wire and the magnet. I don't remember
anyone answering this to your or Mr. Mark's satsfacton. Let me have a go. When
you move a magnet across a wire you generate a current in that wire. However, what
was not iterated is that the amount of current generated is not only a mater of the
strength of the magnet, but rather the SPEED and distance at which that magnet is
moved across that wire. Thus when we speak of moving the magnet across a small
piece of wire at the speed of a gunshot, you generate a very sudden, high voltage
spike in that litle piece of wire. Conversely, if you could move that wire crossways
through even a weak magnetc feld with few fux likes, you could generate a voltage
spike. In essence Mark is doing this in his toroid. He states he is running at about
5kHz. For four coils (like the one that is open on the cardboard box in his garage with
two lamps), he may be banging two opposed coils simultaneously with spikes, with
the magnet forcing one directon, or he is running them sequentally. For the
sequental version, that would mean the "magnetc fux North" (for lack of a beter
way to describe it) passes one spot in the toroid 1250 tmes per second. The RPM of
the fux would therefore be AT LEAST 75,000RPM. Can you imagine the kind of
power you might generate from Neo magnets in an armature near windings if you
COULD rev that puppy up to 75,000RPMn Only this toroid has no back EMF when a
load is put on the wires.

10. Remember I was talking about SPEED of the magnet passing the wires playing a
signifcant role in the voltage produced. If we take the above example of 75,000
RPM, it is easy to calculate for a 14" diameter toroid, that the actual speed of the
magnet "fying" past the wires at a very close range would be ,12 .74 statute miles
per hour or 4,581.5 f/second. Compare this to the bullet of a high powered rife at
2,800 f/sec. 11. One need only to add all the litle pieces of wire, which are now
individual loops of wire around the toroid's ring itself to see why the toroid
generates such enormous voltages and currents. Needless to say, toroidal coils, like
any coil have a preferred resonant frequency. If the toroidal coil is tuned to the
"kick" frequency or pulsed frequency, one can see that this thing would put out scary
amounts of power.

12. I shall make a stab here and say that these toroids DO NOT heat up untl a load is
put on the output wires. It would intuitvely make sense that this heatng is not only
due to current fow within the toroid of-take winding, but also due to the new
magnetc feld that would result within the toroid, due to the DC current now fowing
around it. Strangely, using the lef hand rule for magnetsm, this toroid is an
aberraton. Because when one thinks of the current beginning the fow through a
load, the magnetc fux this winding creates is ADDITIVE to the pulsing magnetc fux
created by the coils.

1 . When we look at the earth's magnetc feld, there are some weird things to look
at. Does a high-speed rotatonal fux feld draw or lessen or concentrate fux lines
into a Mark devicen Maybe that is exactly what it does. This simply ADDS more
density to the feld. However, something else strikes me more simply. Mark has set
up his terrifc sequental pulsed magnetc feld with a small batery (who cares if
there is a batery - that point is moot when you look at the power out) which rotates
nearly twice as fast as the bullet from a high powered rife. It creates enormous
numbers of fux lines crossing wires per second. That is key and it takes litle power.
Once power is established, one could take a tny amount from the output and run
the circuit, so again the batery is moot. The main thing is the device's strange
reacton to physical movement. I atribute this to the ENORMOUS impact of the
SPEED at which the magnetc fux moves.

14. We see how even small fux density, when accelerated to very high speed, can
STILL generate current in conductors, be they wires or even fat surfaces. When we
talk about these efects, we understand that ANY magnetc device, be it a simple
magnet compass or object, will try to orient itself to the earth's magnetc feld. Try
and experiment. See how a magnetzed needle in a match turns slowly to north in a
cup of water. Now take a strong neodymium magnet and tape a piece of thread to it
and let it hang. Note how QUICKLY and how STRONGLY it orients itself to the earth's
feld. What Mark appears to have proven is that one can create the efect of higher
strength of a magnet through speed of movement of the feld. And the feld appears
to be strengthened drastcally by the ADDITIVE pulses of the coils pumping the toroid
up to saturaton.

15. To me the reason that the toroid appears to "judder" as one atempts to move
the toroid across the table is straightorward. As the feld rotates, there is a point in
the device where the rotatng feld (perhaps rotatng is the wrong word) beter, feld
in its racetrack, is oriented in direct oppositon to the Earth's magnetc feld. On the
diametrically opposite side, the feld is perfect atracton to the earth's feld. This
means that pushing the device North and South would have the most pronounced
juddering or washboard efect. However, going crossways to N_S may also have
weird efects, the fux lines moving at right angles to one another. I would tend to
say this might be even more pronounced when a big load is put on the output coil, if
my above assumpton is correct with the inner ADDITIVE fux under load.

16. It makes sense that if we are moving a relatvely weak magnetc feld at very high
RPM or lap rate, then perhaps we are now also talking about a gravitc interacton.
Since it appears that gravity and spinning superconductng magnets are related, and
we are spinning this feld at a VERY high rate, then the orientaton on startup is most
likely also directly interactng with "gravitonsn" I won't go there, as I know too litle
about the feld. Sufce it to say, that gravity is directonal, be it into the earth or into
space from the earth's center. Either way it is directonal. Invertng the toroid MAY
then be afected in operaton or stopped when it is inverted. Has Steven Mark solved
thisn It sounds SOOOOO interestng. And naturally, with smaller toroids, he is also
talking about higher angular acceleraton of the feld, due to the smaller diameter.
Maybe this also has a bearing on the traitn
17. The imploding television story is very interestng. Could Mark's device be close to
tapping into or creatng such a powerful magnetc vortexn Has he seen any evidence
of magnetc atracton of any objects in or near the toroidsn

Gilman St. Irvine, CA 92715-270 , Phone & FAX: (714) 786-7691

December 1, 1995

Dear Steven,

Thank you for dinner the other night. I truly enjoyed the experience and the ride
home together. Thank you for sharing your thoughts. When you get to be my age
Stephen you have learned how not to rufe feathers. If I were in your shoes I would
do exactly what we discussed. I have talked to my associate about the problems as
you see it involving the heat created by your unit when generatng power. He is
willing to assist us in fnding a soluton and he does not feel it is an insurmountable
problem.

The current involved no mater how slight must be a contributng factor, regardless.
We must frst consider all the working principles and decide how to go about solving
the problem. I look forward to seeing you and your unit at my laboratory around
eight thirty on Saturday morning. I will have only one observer and we will be
otherwise alone. I promise you that we will give an honest evaluaton of everything
we observe and will atest to what we fnd.

If you need to talk to me frst you may leave a message for me at my ofce at the
University of California Irvine.

Sincerely,
Roland Schinzinger, PhD.

Gilman St. Irvine, CA 92715-270 , Phone & FAX: (714) 786-7691. Second report on
Energy Device

At the request of Steven Mark I agreed to thoroughly test his inventon of an energy
device toroid at my laboratory at the UCI campus. With me was John Sanchez who
will act as an observer and Mr. Mark who will operate his device for the tests.

The device is reported to develop measurable amounts of electric power beyond any
known batery or storage device. In fact the inventor claims that his device will
create electric power indefnitely as long as it is permited to cool at intervals.

Mr. Mark arrived promptly at 8: 0 AM and wasted no tme in permitng my

examinaton of two units. The frst unit was roughly shaped like a large donut. It
measured approximately 4.72” across with an inside diameter hole of ” making a
core width approximately 1” thick The unit was exactly 2” tall, resembling a toroid. I
did not measure the weight however the unit was extremely light when held in the
hand.

Mr. Mark connected the unit directly to a 100 wat 120 volt incandescent light bulb
and caused the unit to operate. It did in fact illuminate the incandescent bulb quite
brightly. I measured the voltage at 1 7 volts D.C. exactly, (ObS). See note* I then
measured the current fowing through the wires to the bulb at a steady one-ampere,
(ObS). We noted the tme at 9:06 AM.,(ObS). We next measured the light output
from the bulb with a luminescence meter and noted that it read2.5, (ObS). Next we
measured a similar incandescent bulb placed in a socket powered from the main 120
volt (as measured) AC power provided to the laboratory. It measured 2.4 on the
luminescence meter. This can probably be accounted for because the voltage as
measured from the Toroid device is 1 7 volts and therefore 12 volts greater,
generatng a slight increase in light output over the incandescent light powered by
the laboratory main power supply system. The toroid device did indeed provide the
standard voltage and current necessary to provide electric lightng for a 120-volt
circuit. The inventor then asked us for another bulb, which we provided him and he
set about connectng the second bulb along with the frst. The second bulb was
connected in parallel to the frst and did indeed light just as brightly as the
frst.

I measured 1 7 volts now across the output just as before although the load had
doubled and the impedance halved (ObS). I measured the current fowing to the two
bulbs at just less then 2-amperes, (ObS).

The inventor stated that the unit would provide two amperes at 1 7 volts for several
hours, if not indefnitely. We were cautoned that the unit while in operaton would
generate heat leading to self-destructon if not shut down and permited to cool. He
claimed that afer cooling the unit could be restarted and used again over and over.

We permited the frst unit to remain in operaton and provide power for the two
incandescent bulbs while we turned our atenton to the second larger unit the
inventor brought with him for testng. The second unit was again toroid shaped with
a large hole in the center. It was approximately 15” at the outside and 1 ” inside
with a core thickness of approximately 1”. The unit was 4” tall. The unit was not
measured in weight but could be easily lifed with one hand, (ObS). The inventor
started the second larger unit in operaton and cautoned myself and Mr. Sanchez
not to touch the output leads from the device as they were at lethal potental. The
tme was 9: 9 AM.

The inventor measured the output leads and told us there was 600 volts potental at
several amperes. He connected the unit to fve 120 volt 100 wat incandescent light
bulbs as provided by myself. The larger second unit did indeed brightly light the fve
incandescent bulbs brightly. These bulbs were wired in series.

I measured the current through the wire connected to the 5-bulbs at 1.1 ampere,
(ObS). I measured the voltage at 614 volts D.C., (ObS). The inventor then connected
another fve 120 volt light bulbs along with the frst fve making a total of ten 120
volt, 100 wat incandescent light bulbs lightng at equal intensity. I measured the
light output with a luminescence meter at 2.4 each light bulb, (ObS). I did not
measure the current but calculated it to be 2 amperes at 614 volts. I asked the
inventor if this was the limit of the unit and he replied, “no way.”

He provided a quick blow fuse rated at 50 amperes. With two large electrical clamps
and wiring, he shorted the fuse across the output terminals of the toroid and
destroyed the fuse, (ObS). There was only a slight fickering of the ten incandescent
bulbs as observed although there was a tremendous discharge of sparks from the
output terminals of the toroid unit.

The inventor then gave me the fuse for examinaton. It was warm to the touch and
smelled acrid, (ObS). It was a large 240 volt AC air conditoner disconnect fuse and
designed for severe service duty, (OsS). The inventor’s claim that the large toroid
output terminals were at lethal potental was no longer in queston.

The tme was 11:20 AM when the inventor removed the small toroid unit from
operaton because of heat build up. I examined the small toroid unit and it was
indeed quite hot to the touch. The unit had been in steady operaton for exactly two
hours and fourteen minutes. Noted: 2- hours and 14 minutes, (ObS). The load of 2-
amperes at 1 7-volts did not change through the test period.
http://www.dootorkoont_.oo//SoalarfPhysios/Steven221Mark/StevenfMark.ht/

Haok Durban's Aooount: Devioe is Real; Steven Mark wasn't

On March 16, 2008, Jack Durban wrote:

A litle background on who I am and why I remained silent for over a decade.

I have been an avid inventor and product developer since I was a kid. I was drawing
detailed engines and mechanisms by age 9 and just had a knack for looking at a
product and fnding faults in the design. In school I spent all my tme drawing
machines and basic circuits. I worked on my frst patent in High school and it issued
in 1977. Since then I have developed over 200 products that cover several industries.
I currently hold 21 patents that have issued or are pending published applicatons. As
a product developer I have prepared dozens of patents for clients and read
thousands of patents during searches over a quarter century now. I have seen it all
when it comes to technology and I have an open mind which is rare in my feld. I
have designed and worked on alternatve health devices like the RIFE machines and
even worked with Barry Lynes the author of "The Cancer cure that worked". I
designed the world's frst Brainwave analyzer to measure correlates of I.Q. with Dr.
John Ertl a brilliant PhD in Cybernetcs. I am putng this out there to say that I have
always entered into any design or design evaluaton task with eyes wide open and no
preconceptons.

The reason why I didn't come forward sooner was due to an NDA [Non-Disclosure
Agreement] I signed back in '96. As one who makes a living working with inventon,
patents and is a caretaker of others intellectual property, I have to be very careful in
discussing anything of a sensitve nature. Although all NDA's have to expire by a
certain date, I waited an extra 8 years just in case Steven ever surfaced again.

I have seen several so called free energy devices, and all without excepton were
failures. Not all were fraudulent. Some were just not well understood by their
creators as not meetng the requirements of producing over unity power or work.

When I was approached by M.M. to work with Steven Marks, I wasn't overly excited
afer years of seeing these all crash and burn, but I was again all ears. When I saw the
devices work and was able to rotate the units 90 degrees without loss of output
power, I felt a chill go over me like seeing a ghost. You see I know Tesla's works as he
is one of my heroes like Edison and others. I fully understood the impact of being
able to rotate the device without performance depredaton. The gyroscopic
sensaton felt when moving the device made it clear to me instantly that the coils
displaced about the perimeter of the device were switching in a quadrature fashion
like stators in a motor yet there were no mechanical devices in the unit. It became
clear that there was a lot of current fowing from winding to winding.

The device worked and the video is real. It was shot at a mansion that Steven rented
in Lemon Heights California. Steven's face does not appear in the frst videos but I did
notce that he does appear in the one on youtube that shows potental investors. He
always wore an all black suit and shoes even when doing basic lab work. It was part
of the facade.

The sad thing is that Steven was a bit of a hustler. He received millions from several
investors, and never delivered the end product. Steven spent wildly on a lavish
lifestyle. The seemingly sophistcated test equipment one sees in the videos was in
fact a collecton of audio and video gear. It was all purchased for audio development
on Steven's so called D audio theater system that was shown at CES in 1996 or 97.

I have no doubt that Steven was not the true inventor of this device, as he was not
technically savvy enough for such a feat. His only technical background was working
on televisions and cars. He claimed to be an expert in Rolls Royce repair and he did
own an older model but it wasn't anything outstanding.

I met Steven in 1996 when my company was hired by Mercury Marilla, Steven's
boyfriend at the tme, to replicate the device's capabilites by any means possible. At
frst I thought he was trying to fnd out if there was another quick way to produce
the same result with an alternatve approach, but I later realized he was likely
looking for a second design that he could pawn of on investors so he could retain
the original design.

There were many, many investors pouring in money like there was no tomorrow in
the hopes of getng their hands on what appeared to be the holy grail of free
energy.

There was a reason beyond the endless supply of investment dollars that kept the
technology from ever being delivered, and that was the fact that the device only ran
for so long before it shut down due to overheatng, which averaged 20 minutes or so
afer it was actvated. He was very frustrated with the thermal issues, but every tme
I came up with a soluton he would say he would check it out, but nothing ever came
of the remedies. He would never allow me to take the unit apart or do any dissectng
at all. The design was quite simple. There were two sets of windings arranged in a
fashion that very closely resemble the Tesla patent 81,970 circa 1888. There were
two large chokes and polypropylene caps that appeared to be an output smoothing
functon. My Instncts told me that the choke and cap pair was a tuned tank, but
knowing how litle electronics knowledge Steven had, I could not see him being
capable of doing any tank tuning, and there was no grid dip gear around. I'll be
releasing more informaton as I get tme.

Oh one litle side note among many in this interestng moment in tme was Steven’s
use of a magnet to actvate the device. This was just a ruse. The magnet, a cheap
Radio Shack magnet at that was deployed only as a means of closing a simple Reed
switch that closed the primary circuit. Steven thought this would throw of those
who viewed live demos, as he was well aware that many potental investors were
bringing their top engineers with them.

I am thinking about writng a screenplay on this, as there is much, much more to the
story, including sex, crimes and misdemeanors. I have been sitng on this story for
over a decade now.

Co/ing aorward Afer All This Ti/e

On March 15, 2008, Jack Durban wrote:

Hello Sterling,

The post was at… Link here

A purely random pick afer days with litle sleep. For some odd reason I just thought
it was tme to tell the story that few have ever heard. Perhaps it was seeing all the
pretenders making up stuf about the man and the machine only to proft
themselves from the legacy.

I did secretly release some secrets to Keely net a few years ago and they agreed to
keep my name a secret.
Now afer 11 years I no longer am concerned about breeching anyone’s confdence.
NDA’s only last so long!

I hope you have an open mind as the technology did indeed work.

As one who was ofen hired to debunk so called over unity devices I was very
fortunate to play with the device and work on a couple projects with Steven both
power and audio related.

I should tell you in advance that I have a prety good idea as to how it worked but I
do not know enough to build it without spending some serious tme in the lab which.
Post-Interview Comment

On March 20, 2008, Jack Durban wrote:

I would like to add the following...

This was part of an email of 20 March 08, between myself and one of the respected
elders in the movement to reproduce the SM Device. This email is redacted and only
shows one queston of many and my positon on Steven Mark to clarify my motves
in this mater.

> "I think that you ofered some sound inspiraton but i > did not see how knocking
him technically helps as > there may come a tme when he will be more forth >
coming"

Let’s examine this situaton.

1. If there ever was a man deserving of some knocking it is Steven Mark. I understand
that you guys are walking on egg shells with this guy with the hopes that he will
someday reveal the fnal formula; but there is litle reason to believe beyond hope
and despair that he ever will reveal the fnal answer.

2. Megalomaniacs like Steven need an audience to feed their narcissistc appette. To

give anyone the fnal keys to making the device work would be cutng the umbilical
cord to his adoring fans. All he could gain from such an act is a thank you.
Remember, Steven knows how to make these already. If he wanted to help you or
anyone else he could have without hesitaton long ago.
 . There are several others doing this and are well beyond where Steven is. Once he
realizes this watch how quickly he comes forward to help when his obsolescence
becomes a self realizaton and his fan base loses interest.

The reason I came forth yesterday was to tell the truth about what I experienced
while working with Steven Mark. Contrary to some of the less than friendly posts
regarding my inability to shed any light any light on the technology beyond what is
already known, I never represented that I possessed or would reveal anything of a
technical nature that would further any development underway. If I had I certainly
would have fnished the device myself.

What was a payofn None for myself. Most of the feedback I received publicly was
negatve. The only payof I can hope for is that if a guy like Steven Mark, a hustler
and tnkerer with less than extraordinary intellect was able to reproduce this free
energy device there is hope for others to replicate this device also as many others
have to date.

I apologize for ofending those who are stll drinking the Steven Mark Koolaid but I
don’t think most of you know of or appreciate the trail of shatered dreams and
victms lef in this mans’ wake.

All the Best,

Jack Durban
email: <jdurban {at} vorel.com>

TPU-ECD Invented by Steven Marks

 Disolosure by Otto Sabljario n Robertoootte

[PDa]

Supposedly :

https://www.youtube.oo//watohvvc_99El)pjUo)

Steven Marks TPU Patent aound

 US7e311L=
Solid State Eleotrio Generator

Inventor : Graha/ Alan Gunderson

A solid-state electrical generator including at least one

permanent magnet, magnetcally coupled to a
ferromagnetc core provided with at least one hole
penetratng its volume; the hole(s) and magnet(s) being
placed such that the hole(s) penetratng the ferromagnetc
core's volume intercept fux from the permanent
magnet(s) coupled into the ferromagnetc core. A frst wire
coil is wound around the ferromagnetc core for the
purpose of moving the coupled permanent magnet fux
within the ferromagnetc core. A second wire is routed
through the hole(s) penetratng the volume of the
ferromagnetc core, for the purpose of interceptng this
moving magnetc fux, thereby inducing an output
electromotve force.; A changing voltage applied to the
frst wire coil causes coupled permanent magnet fux to
move within the core relatve to the hole(s) penetratng
the core volume, thus inducing electromotve force along
wire(s) passing through the hole(s) in the ferromagnetc
core. The mechanical acton of an electrical generator is
thereby synthesized without use of moving parts.

[0001] This applicaton claims priority to Provisional

Applicaton 60/645,674 fled Jan. 21, 2005, enttled
PERMANENT MAGNET DRIVEN ELECTRIC GENERATOR.

BACKGROUoD Oa TtE IoVEoTIOo

[1112] 1. aield oR the Inventon

[000 ] This inventon relates to a method and device for

generatng electrical power using solid state means.

[111)] 2. Desoripton oR the Related Art

[0005] It has long been known that moving a magnetc

feld across a wire will generate an electromotve force
(EMF), or voltage, along the wire. When this wire is
connected in an electrical closed circuit, in order to
perform work, an electric current is driven through this
closed circuit by the induced electromotve force.

[0006] It has also long been known that this resultng

electric current causes the closed circuit to become
encircled with a secondary, induced magnetc feld, whose
polarity opposes the primary magnetc feld that frst
induced the EMF. This magnetc oppositon creates mutual
repulsion as a moving magnet moves toward such a closed
circuit and atracton as that moving magnet then moves
away from the closed circuit. Both these actons tend to
slow, or "drag" the progress of the moving magnet
generatng the EMF, causing the electric generator to act
as a magnetc brake, in direct proporton to the amount of
electric current produced.

[0007] Gas engines, hydroelectric dams and steam-fed

turbines have historically been used to overcome this
magnetc braking acton occurring within mechanical
electric generators. A large amount of mechanical power is
ultmately required to produce a large amount of electrical
power, since the magnetc braking interacton resultng
from induced electrical current is generally proportonal to
the amount of power being generated.

[0008] There has been a long felt need for a generator

which reduces or eliminates this well-known magnetc
braking interacton, while nevertheless generatng useful
electric power. The need for convenient, economical, and
powerful sources of renewable energy remains urgent.
When the magnetc felds within a generator are caused to
move and interact by means other than applied
mechanical force, electric power can be supplied without
the necessity of consuming limited natural resources, thus
with far greater economy.

SUMMARY Oa TtE IoVEoTIOo

[0009] It has long been known that the source of the

magnetsm within a permanent magnet is a spinning
electric current within ferromagnetc atoms of certain
elements, persistng indefnitely in accord with well-
defned quantum rules. This atomic current encircles each
atom, thereby causing each atom to emit a magnetc feld,
as a miniature electromagnet.

[0010] This atomic current does not exist in magnets

alone. It also exists in ordinary metallic iron, and in any
element or metallic alloy that can be "magnetzed", that is,
exhibits ferromagnetsm. All ferromagnetc atoms and
"magnetc metals" contain such quantum atomic
electromagnets.

[0011] In specifc ferromagnetc materials, the orientaton

axis of each atomic electromagnet is fexible. The
orientaton of magnetc fux within, as well as external to
the material, easily pivots. Such materials are referred to
as magnetcally "sof", due to this magnetc fexibility.
[0012] Permanent magnet materials are magnetcally
"hard". The orientaton axis of each atomic electromagnet
is fxed in place within a rigid crystal structure. The total
magnetc feld produced by these atoms cannot easily
move. This constraint permanently aligns the feld of
ordinary magnets, hence the name "permanent".

[001 ] The axis of circular current fow in one

ferromagnetc atom can direct the axis of magnetsm
within another ferromagnetc atom, through a process
known as spin exchange. This gives a sof magnetc
material, like raw iron, the useful ability to aim, focus, and
redirect the magnetc feld emited from a magnetcally
hard permanent magnet.

[0014] In the present inventon, a permanent magnet's

rigid feld is sent into a magnetcally fexible, "sof"
magnetc material. The permanent magnet's apparent
locaton, observed from points within the magnetcally sof
material, will efectvely move, vibrate, and appear to shif
positon when the magnetzaton of the sof magnetc
material is modulated by ancillary means (much like the
sun, viewed while underwater, appears to move when the
water is agitated). By this mechanism, the moton required
for generaton of electricity can be synthesized within a
sof ferromagnetc material, without requiring physical
movement or an applied mechanical force.

[0015] The present inventon synthesizes virtual moton of

magnets and their magnetc felds, producing an electrical
generator described herein, which does not require
mechanical acton or moving parts. The present inventon
describes an electrical generator wherein magnetc
braking phenomena, known as expressions of Lenz's Law,
do not oppose the means by which the magnetc feld
energy is caused to move. The synthesized magnetc
moton thereby manifests without mechanical or electrical
resistance. This synthesized magnetc moton is aided by
forces generated in accordance with Lenz's Law, in order
to produce acceleraton of the synthesized magnetc
moton, instead of physical "magnetc braking" common to
mechanically-actuated electrical generators. Because of
this novel magnetc interacton, the solid-state statc
generator of the present inventon is a robust generator,
requiring only a small electric force to operate.

BRIEa DESCRIPTIOo Oa TtE DRA_IoGS

[0016] So that the above-recited features of the present

inventon can be understood in detail, a more partcular
descripton of the inventon, briefy summarized above,
may be had by reference to various embodiments, some of
which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be
noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate
only typical embodiments of this inventon and are
therefore not to be considered limitng of its scope, for the
inventon may admit to other equally efectve
embodiments.

[0017] FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the generator of this

inventon.

[0018] FIG. 2 is a cross sectonal elevaton of the generator

of this inventon.

[0019] FIG. is a schematc diagram of the magnetc acton

occurring within the generator of FIGS. 1 and 2.

[0020] FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram, illustratng one method

of electrically operatng the generator of this inventon.
DETAIyED DESCRIPTIOo Oa TtE IoVEoTIOo

[0021] FIG. 1 depicts a partally exploded view of an

embodiment of an electric generator of this inventon. The
parts have been numbered, with the numbering
conventon applied to FIGS. 1, 2, and .
[0022] Numeral 1 represents a permanent magnet with its
North pole pointng inward toward the sof ferromagnetc
core of the device. Similarly, numeral 2 indicates
permanent magnets of preferably the same shape and
compositon, with their South poles aimed inward toward
the opposite side, or opposite surface of the device. The
leters "S" and "N" denote these respectve magnetc poles
in the drawing. Other magnetc polarites and
confguratons may be used with success; the patern
shown merely illustratve of one efcient mode of adding
magnets to the core.

[002 ] The magnets may be formed of any polarized

magnetc material. In order of descending efectveness,
the most desirable permanent-magnet materials are
Neodymium-Iron-Boron (NIB) magnets, Samarium Cobalt
magnets, AlNiCo alloy magnets, or "ceramic" strontum-,
barium- or lead-ferrite magnets. A primary factor
determining permanent magnet material compositon is
the magnetc fux strength of the partcular material type.
In an embodiment of the inventon, these magnets may
also be substtuted with one or more electromagnets
producing the required magnetc fux. In another
embodiment of the inventon, a superimposed DC current
bias can be applied to the output wire to generate the
required magnetc fux, in substtuton of, or in conjuncton
with said permanent magnets.

[0024] Numeral indicates the magnetc core. This core is

a critcal member of the generator, determining the
characteristcs of output power capacity, optmal magnet
type, electrical impedance, and operatng frequency range.
This core may be any shape, composed of any
ferromagnetc substance, formed by any process
(sintering, castng, adhesive bonding, tape winding, etc). A
wide spectrum of geometries, materials, and processes are
known in the art of magnetc cores. Efectve common
materials include, but are not limited to, amorphous metal
alloys (such as that sold under the trademark designaton
"Metglas" by Metglas Inc., Conway S.C.), nanocrystalline
alloys, manganese and zinc ferrites as well as ferrites of
any suitable element including any combinaton of
magnetcally "hard" and "sof" ferrites, powdered metals
and ferromagnetc alloys, laminatons of cobalt and/or
iron, and silicon-iron "electrical steel". This inventon
successfully utlizes any ferromagnetc material, while
functoning as claimed. In an embodiment of the
inventon, and for the purpose of illustraton, a circular
"toroid" core is illustrated. In an embodiment of the
inventon, the compositon may be bonded iron powder,
commonly available from many manufacturers.

[0025] Regardless of core type, the core is prepared with

holes, through which wires may pass, which have been
drilled or formed to penetrate the core's ferromagnetc
volume. The toroidal core shown includes radial holes
pointng toward a common center. If, for example stf
wire rods were to be inserted through each of these holes,
these wires would meet at the center point of the core,
producing an appearance similar to a spoke wheel. If a
square or rectangular core (not illustrated) is used instead,
these holes are preferably oriented parallel to the core's
fat sides, causing stf rods passed through the holes to
form a square grid patern, as the rods cross each other in
the interior "window" area framed by the core. While in
other embodiments of the inventon, these holes may take
any possible orientaton or paterns of orientaton within
the scope of the present generator, a simple row of radial
holes is illustrated herein as one example.

[0026] Numeral 4 depicts a wire or bundle of wires, i.e.

output wire 4, that pick-up and carry the generator's
output power. Typically this wire is composed of insulated
copper, though other output mediums such as aluminum,
iron, dielectric material, polymers, and semiconductng
materials may be substtuted. It may be seen in FIG. 1 and
FIG. 2 that wire 4, which serves as an output medium,
passes alternately through neighboring holes formed in
core . The path taken by wire 4 undulates, passing in an
opposite directon through each adjacent hole. If an even
number of holes is used, the wire will emerge on the same
side of the core it frst entered on, once all holes are flled.
The resultng pair of trailing leads may be twisted together
or similarly terminated, forming the output terminals of
the generator shown at Numeral 5. Output wire 4 may also
make multple passes through each hole in the core.
Though the winding patern is not necessarily undulatory;
this basic form is shown by way of example. Many
efectve connecton styles exist; this illustraton shows the
simplest. All successful connecton methods pass wire 4 at
some point through the holes in the core.

[0027] Numeral 6 in FIGS. 1, 2, and points to a partal

illustraton of the input winding, or inductve coil used to
shif the permanent magnets' felds within the core.
Typically, this wire coil encircles the core, wrapping around
it. For the toroidal core presented, input coil 6 resembles
the outer windings of a typical toroidal inductor, a
common electrical component. For the sake of clarity, only
a few turns of coil 6 are shown in each of drawing FIGS. 1,
2, and . In practce, this coil may cover the entre core, or
specifc sectons of the core, including or not including the
magnets, while remaining within scope of the present
inventon.

[0028] FIG. 2 shows the same representatve generator of

FIG. 1, looking transparently "down" through it from
above, so the relatve positons of the core holes (doted
lines), the path of the output wire, and magnet positons
(as shaded areas) are made clear.

[0029] The generator shown uses a core with 8 radially

drilled holes. The spacing between these illustratve holes
is equal. As shown, each hole is displaced 45 degrees from
the next. All holes' centers lay along a common plane; this
imaginary plane is centered half-way along the core's
vertcal thickness. Cores of any shape and size may include
as few as two, or as many as hundreds of holes, and a
similar number of magnets. Other variatons exist, such as
generators with multple rows of holes, zigzag and
diagonal paterns, or output wire 4 molded directly into
the core material. In any case, the basic magnetc
interacton shown in FIG. occurs for each hole in the
core, as detailed below.

[00 0] FIG. shows the same design, viewed broadside.

The curvature of the core has been fatened to the page
for the purpose of illustraton. The magnets are
represented schematcally, protruding from core top and
botom, with arrows indicatng the directon of magnetc
fux-arrow heads pointng north, tails south.

[00 1] In practce, the free, unatached polar ends of the

generator's magnets may be lef as-is, in open air, or
provided with a common ferromagnetc path linking
unused North and South poles together, as a magnetc
"ground". This common return path is typically made of
steel, iron or similar material, taking the form of a ferrous
enclosure housing the device. It may serve the additonal
purpose of a protectng chassis. The magnetc return may
also be another ferromagnetc core in repetton of the
present inventon, forming a stack or layered series of
generators, sharing common magnets between generator
cores. Any such additons are without direct bearing on
the functonal principle of the generator itself, and have
therefore been omited from these illustratons.

[00 2] Two example fux diagrams are given in FIG. . Each

example is shown in a space between schematcally
depicted partal input coils 6. A positve or negatve
polarity marker indicates the directon of input current,
applied through the input coil. This applied current
produces "modulatng" magnetc fux, which is used to
synthesize moton of the permanent magnets, and is
shown as a double-tailed horizontal arrow (a) along the
core . Each example shows this double-tailed arrow (a)
pointng to the right or the lef depending on the polarity
of applied current.

[00 ] In either case, vertcal fux entering the core (b, )

from the external permanent magnets (1, 2) is swept
along, within the core, by the directon of the double-
tailed arrow representng the input coil's magnetc fux (a).
These curved arrows (b) in the space between the
magnets and holes can be seen to shif or bend (a->b), as if
they were streams or jets of air subject to a changing wind
(a).

[00 4] The resultng sweeping moton of the permanent

magnets' felds causes their fux (b) to brush back and
forth over the holes and wire 4 passing through these
holes. Just as in a mechanical generator, when magnetc
fux brushes or "cuts" sideways across a conductor in this
way, EMF or voltage is induced. By connectng an electrical
load across the ends of this wire conductor (Numeral 5, in
FIGS. 1, 2) a current is allowed to fow through the load in
a closed circuit, delivering electrical power able to perform
work. Input of an alternatng current across the input coil 6
generates an alternatng magnetc feld (a) causing the
felds of permanent magnets 1, and 2 to shif (b) within the
core , inducing electrical power through a load (atached
to terminals 5), as if the fxed magnets (1,2) themselves
were physically moving. However, no mechanical moton is
present.

[00 5] In a mechanical generator, induced current

powering an electrical load returns back through output
wire 4 creatng a secondary induced magnetc feld,
exertng forces which substantally oppose the original
magnetc feld inducing the original EMF. Since load
currents induce their own, secondary magnetc felds
opposing the original act of inducton in this way, the
source of the original inducton requires additonal energy
to restore itself and contnue generatng electricity. In
mechanical generators, the energy-inducing moton of the
generator's magnetc felds is being physically actuated,
requiring a strong prime mover (such as a steam turbine)
to restore the EMF-generatng magnetc felds' moton,
against the braking efect of the output-induced magnetc
felds (the induced feld (c), and the inducing feld (b)),
destructvely in mutual oppositon. It is this inductve
oppositon which ultmately must be overcome by physical
force, which is commonly produced by consumpton of
other energy resources.

[00 6] The electric generator of the present inventon is

not actuated by mechanical force. The generator of the
present inventon also makes use of the induced,
secondary magnetc feld in such a way as to not cause
oppositon, but instead additon, and resultng acceleraton
of magnetc feld moton. Because the present inventon is
not mechanically actuated, and because the magnetc
felds do not act to destroy one another in mutual
oppositon, the present inventon does not require
consumpton of natural resources in order to generate
electricity.
[00 7] The present generator's induced magnetc feld,
resultng from electric current fowing through the load
and returning through output wire 4, is that of a closed
loop encircling each hole in the core admitng the output
conductor or conductve medium (4, c). The present
generator's induced magnetc felds create magnetc fux in
the form of closed loops within the ferromagnetc core.
The magnetc feld "encircles" each hole in the core
carrying output wire 4, similar to the threads of a screw
"encircling" the shaf of the screw.

[00 8] Within this generator, the magnetc feld from

output medium or wire 4 immediately encircles each hole
formed in the core (c) carrying this medium or wire 4.
Since wire 4 may take an opposing directon through each
neighboring hole, the directon of the resultng magnetc
feld will likewise be opposite. The directons of arrows (b)
and (c) are, at each hole, opposing, headed in opposite
directons, since (b) is the inducing fux and (c) is the
induced fux, each opposing one another while generatng
electricity.

[00 9] However, this magnetc oppositon is efectvely

directed against the permanent magnets that are injectng
their fux into the core, but not the source of the
alternatng magnetc input feld 6. In the present solid
state generator, induced output fux (4, c) is directed to
oppose the permanent magnets (1, 2) not the input fux
source (6, a) that is synthesizing the virtual moton of
those magnets (1, 2) by its magnetzing acton on core .

[0040] The present generator employs magnets as the

source of motve pressure driving the generator, since
they are the entty being opposed or "pushed against" by
the opposing reacton induced by output current which is
powering a load. Experiments show that high-quality
permanent magnets can be magnetcally "pushed against"
in this way for very long periods of tme, before becoming
demagnetzed or "spent".

[0041] FIG. illustrates inducing representatve fux

arrows (b) directed oppositely against induced
representatve fux (c). In materials typically used to form
core , felds fowing in mutually opposite directons tend
to cancel each other, just as positve and negatve
numbers of equal magnitude sum to zero.

[0042] On the remaining side of each hole, opposite the

permanent magnet, no mutual oppositon takes place.
Induced fux (c) caused by the generator load currents
remains present; however, inducing fux from the
permanent magnets (b) is not present since no magnet is
present, on this side, to source the necessary fux. This
leaves the induced fux (c) encircling the hole, as well as
input fux (a) from the input coils 6, contnuing its path
along the core, on either side of each hole.

[004 ] On the side of each core hole where a magnet is

present, acton (b) and reacton (c) magnetc fux
substantally cancel and annihilate, being oppositely
directed within the core. On the other side of each hole,
where no magnet is present, input fux (a) and reacton
fux (c) share a common directon. Magnetc fux thereby
adds together in these zones, where induced magnetc fux
(c) aids the input fux (a). This is the reverse of typical
generator acton, where induced fux (c) is typically
opposing the "input" fux originatng the inducton.

[0044] Since the magnetc interacton herein is a

combinaton of magnetc fux oppositon and magnetc fux
acceleraton, there is no longer an overall magnetc
braking, or total oppositon efect. The braking and
oppositon is counterbalanced by a simultaneous magnetc
acceleraton within the core. Since mechanical moton is
absent, the equivalent electrical efect ranges from idling,
or absence of oppositon, to a strengthening and overall
acceleraton of the electrical input signal (within coils 6).
Proper selecton of the permanent magnet (1, 2) material
and fux density, core material magnetc characteristcs,
core hole patern and spacing, and output medium
connecton technique create embodiments wherein the
present generator will display an absence of electrical
loading at the input and/or an overall amplifcaton of the
input signal. This ultmately causes less input energy to be
required in order to work the generator. Therefore, as
increasing amounts of energy are withdrawn from the
generator as output power performing useful work,
decreasing amounts of energy are generally required to
operate it. This process endures, working against the
permanent magnets (1, 2) untl they are demagnetzed.

[0045] In an embodiment of this inventon, FIG. 4

illustrates a typical operatng circuit employing the
generator of this inventon. A square-wave input signal,
furnished by appropriate transistorized switching means, is
applied at the input terminals (S), to the primary (a) of a
step-down transformer 11. The secondary winding (b) of
the input transformer may be a single turn, in series with a
capacitor 12 and the generator 1 input coil (c), forming a
series resonant circuit. The frequency of the applied
square wave (S) must either match, or be an integral sub-
harmonic of the resonant frequency of this -element
transformer-capacitor-inductor input circuit.

[0046] Generator 1 output winding (d) is connected to

resistve load L through switch 14. When switch 14 is
closed, generated power is dissipated at L, which is any
resistve load, for example, an incandescent lamp or
resistve heater.

[0047] Once input resonance is achieved, and the square

wave input frequency applied at S is such that the
combined reactve impedance of total inductance (b+c) is
equal in magnitude to the opposing reactve impedance of
capacitance 12, the electrical phases of current through,
and voltage across, generator 1 input coil (c) will fow 90
degrees apart in resonant quadrature. Power drawn from
the square wave input-energy source applying power to S
will now be at a minimum.

[0048] In this conditon, the resonant energy present at

the generator input may be measured by connectng a
voltage probe across the test points (v), situated across
the generator input coil, together with a current probe
around point (i), situated in series with the generator input
coil (c). The instantaneous vector product of these two
measurements indicates the energy circulatng at the
generator's input, ultmately shifing the permanent
magnets' felds in order to create useful inducton. This
situaton persists untl the magnets are no longer
magnetzed.

[0049] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that a

square (or other) wave may be applied directly to the
generator input terminals (c) without use of other
components. While this remains efectve, advantageous
re-generatng efects may not be realized to their fullest
extent with such direct excitaton. Use of a resonant
circuit, partcularly with inclusion of a capacitor 12 as
suggested, facilitates recirculaton of energy within the
input circuit, generally producing efcient excitaton and a
reducton of required input power as loads are applied.
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Steve MARKS

Toroidal Power Unit

YouTube Videos

https://www.youtube.oo//watohvvcoRHttlLyyP)

Interview with Haok Durban ( Marks' assooiate ) ( Part 1 )

https://www.youtube.oo//watohvvctPuhI13ZMMRe

Haok Durban / Steven Marks interview TPU ( Part 2 )

https://www.youtube.oo//watohvvc_fRRKz_fUoonnoht/l=caalse

Interview with Steven Marks

https://www.youtube.oo//watohvvc1nqke_k/Y_&nnoht/l=caalse

_esley Translate's Akula video #13: Akula's TPU part 2

Colleoted ootes -- Steven Marks re : TPU ( Toroidal Power Unit )
"In one of the RCA engineering manuals I read that it has been measured in a wire
that there exists a slight increase in current when frst electrons are caused to fow in
it.

"This was explained because the earth’s magnetc feld exerted some infuence on
the wire and the electron fow inside it. Or rather the electrons on the surface of the
wire.

"The inrush of current through the flament interacts with the earth’s magnetc feld
to produce a small kick. (Morgan Jones book, valve amplifers. rd editon, page 262)

"It PROVES that there is an interacton between the magnetc feld of the earth and
simple electrons running through wires

"They say that you cannot get more out of something then you put into it. Then I
think about that wire with the small kick when frst turned on… There in lies the
secret my friend..."

[ NOTE ; Hans Coler and Schumann ( of Schumann Resonance fame ) observed this
phenomenon in the 1940s. ]

STEVEo MARK : Su//ary oR I/portant Points:

1. Compass will spin up when turned on.

2. Never tune too closely to the exact frequencies
. Make a Kill Switch with Over Voltage & Heat Sensors.
4. The control units are so very important to control the frequencies.
5. The frequencies are directly related to the circumference of the collector coil.
6. First frequency, then second harmonic component into the second, then the
third.
7. You could describe the useable current output of my coil as DC but with some
hash in it.
8. There are Control Coils (all the way around) each of the Collector Units. Start
them 1 at a tme.
9. The “TPU” units apparently heat up to a potentally dangerous level afer a
considerable period of tme
10. The Collector is three separate coils of mult strand copper wire laid one on top
of the other. Other control wires are wound around all of the horizontal collector
coils together.

It took several years of experimentaton to discover what frequencies and most

importantly how to make small integrated circuits work to perform the control
functons necessary to make the demonstratons you see on the video tapes
available today.

So in many ways we have early RCA color TV engineers to thank for my discovery of
the power generator. I am sure they are all dead now but they did contribute.
Perhaps a story which had impact on me at that tme was told to me by my boss way
back in 1970 I believe it was.

He told me that around 1965 or 66 there was an explosion in an apartment in

Chicago. The authorites had concluded that for some unknown reason, a General
Electric color television receiver had been the source of an explosion that killed a
young black child in the apartment. My boss went on to relate that he was involved
in the investgaton because he was in Chicago at the tme and he was invaluably
experienced with television circuits and etc. He told us that what they found was,
the TV had exploded with some quick fury. The explosion did in fact kill the poor
child who was sitng directly in front but spared his mother who was some distance
away in the kitchen. The explosion was strange because of the absence of expected
chemicals necessary to create the explosion. It appeared that the TV was the exact
center of the explosion, however no one could fnd a reason for the explosion
occurring.

Also consider that there is not really much inside a TV to explode with enough force
to kill people and destroy the living room a large apartment. Yes a CRT can explode
and kill someone, however this was not the kind of explosion we are talking about.
The most interestng part of the story is that according to our boss, metallic objects
especially those containing large amounts of iron were dramatcally displaced. He
mentoned that some nails were actually removed from the walls and pulled toward
the TV set. When they found them they were bent and shaped like cork screws!
Everything in the room appeared to have moved or was moving toward the TV as it
exploded, or imploded as the case may be.

The child was apparently killed by way of these metallic objects traveling through his
body on their way toward the center of the TV set. As far as my boss knew, there
was never a good explanaton for the occurrence. We found out that this was not
the only unexplained explosion of TV sets worldwide.
However, the fact that all the sets exploded while in operaton may bear some light.
Also most of the TV sets were made by the GE company or were TV sets made using
GE circuits and of similar design. However, this man who had been my mentor for so
many years had his own theory which he never told anyone as far as i know, except
me. His theory was that the TV while in operaton, somehow managed to become a
receiver of more then just television waves and so for a millisecond in tme became a
receiver and discharged of a huge amount of electrical and magnetc energy.

This discharge of magnetc energy is vary similar to the discharge of magnetc energy
during an atomic explosion. . . Now that is something I have thought about a great
deal. My employer's words had great impact on me. Not that they meant anything
really, but I kept thinking about the possibility of many frequencies combining at one
moment in tme to produce an entrely diferent efect then intended by the
designers.

Listen to what I say here...... I am going to state just characteristcs. I don't want
people to get over excited and start arguing again too much. My units behave
exactly like common radios in one way. With a radio you have many diferent
statons broadcastng at diferent frequencies. Yes I know about the diference
between Frequency Modulaton and Amplitude Modulaton, etc. That is not relevant
for our conversaton here.

You tune your radio to the staton you desire and the closer you tune to the ideal
frequency the stronger the amplifcaton of the signal will be and the beter the radio
will collect and amplify the signals for their entertainment value. If the radio signal is
too strong the radio receiver might be overloaded and distorton or other bad efects
will take place. By tuning slightly of frequency we can weaken the signal the radio is
receiving and amplify and produce the sound for entertainment purposes.

However, the music will not be of high quality. The music will be lacking in response
and tmbre, etc. OK let us compare this story of the common radio. Think of the
power unit as a device similar to a radio receiver. No I do not want to hear feed back
informing me that I am trying to convince the world my unit works on radio waves!!!.

But it behaves very much like a simple radio receiver except for the fact that radio
waves need to be amplifed before they can be of any use to us. My units behave as
though they are variable tuning devices, and we are tuning them to a frequency just
like a radio. The closer you get to the center frequency the more power you permit
the collector to dissipate into a load. The important diference here is that in the
case of the radio, you tune into the frequency and amplify it for use.

1. In the case of my power unit, you create several frequencies within a space of the
collector coil's circumference.

2. The frequencies are directly related to the circumference of the collector coil.

. You can begin to collect the current and dissipate it with no need for amplifcaton
because the signal source also becomes the feed for the power source and has the
natural tendency to run with gain.

4. It is important that you note that you can never tune too closely to the exact
frequencies of power conversion because the power received by the collector will
instantly destroy it.

5. We instead must deliberately tune of the frequencies of conversion in order to

make the thing properly work. Remember that it is like a furnace which feeds itself.
The hoter it gets the more fuel it gives itself to burn.

6. That is why the control units are so very important. Without the control unit
constantly monitoring the frequencies of operaton and making the necessary
changes to keep the whole thing of exact conversion frequency, then the unit would
very quickly destroy it's self.

7. By the way, have you seen the video of the compass turning violently in the
center of the unit while in operatonn Notce that when I frst turn the unit on that
the compass starts to spin very slowly. It speeds up faster and faster untl it just
stops. When it stops the unit is always operatng at about it's design maximum.
We never found out why any of this occurred. It tended to reinforce what I observed
as the turbine efect.

8. When the unit is shut of the compass starts to revolve again and slowly comes to
a rest. By the way, the fre discharge everyone sees in the video is afer the output
of the device is switched through a large high value resister!

9. I hope that will wake up a few of you to the danger potentals.

10. Stefan is quite correct about the amount of power necessary to pull the nails out
of the walls during the GE color television explosion in Chicago. Actually Dr.
Schinzinger told me that it would have required much more power then that. We
theorized that the TV set must have become for a split second, a power unit very
similar in operaton to one of my own making. Except for the fact that it wouldn't
have been designed to collect and convert the available power in a useful way.
Instead, the TV just stumbled for one millisecond on the correct combinaton of
frequencies necessary to cause the phenomenon of magnetc collecton. But
unfortunately the TV set had no way to control the functon and began to absorb and
discharge both the electric and magnetc factors caused by the infuence of the
strong feld.

11. It was during this discussion with Dr. Schinzinger that he pointed out that during
an atomic explosion aside from the gigantc blast wave and heat produced there is
also an extremely large magnetc force which is so strong that it travels way out into
space during the explosion. The magnetc wave is so strong that it will completely
destroy any unprotected electronic circuits of solid state design. That is why solid
state radios will be useless afer an nuclear atack on your country.

12. Let us ponder where the huge magnetc feld comes from when you explode an
atomic bomb. It is just createdn Is it convertedn Is it part of the earth somehown Is
it just a by product of the fabric of tme and space being ripped into pieces in a
fragment of a secondn I am curious as to where this unbelievably huge magnetc
force comes from during an atomic explosion... It is something else to think about.
Perhaps in connecton with my power technology. Dr. Schinzinger said that it is
explained as being the result of the splitng of the atom. However, that is a very
short explanaton and not really a satsfactory explanaton of what generates the
force. He agreed with me and said it would also mean that in reality we know very
litle about magnetc felds and magnetc property.

1 . The multple frequencies traveling around the coils are of too high a frequency
to provide for any motve efort. They are only a means to achieve an end. The
multple frequencies begin to feed themselves and the multple kicks become a
combined big kick. I call it resonatng. That is why if you notce in the video tapes
that it takes just a few seconds for the coil to begin to functon at maximum efort.

14. When I began to study the efects of multple frequencies combined together I
found out that when you deliberately strive to create the worst case scenario of
frequencies you start to get some very measurable kicks. In themselves they are not
much. But if you make enough of them fast sendof, you get a collectble power spike
that is more then the power available to begin with. The destructve heatng caused
by the eddy currents become the problem we face when we make a really large
powerful coil. Now you understand more about the heatng problem and why using
a fan does not work.

15. You could describe the useable current output of my coil as DC but with some
hash in it. It really doesn't have any convertble AC component which could provide
a mechanical motve force as you suggested. "In one of the RCA engineering
manuals I read that it has been measured in a wire that there exists a slight increase
in current when frst electrons are caused to fow in it. This was explained because
the earth's magnetc feld exerted some infuence on the wire and the electron fow
inside it. Or rather the electrons on the surface of the wire. Even today you can fnd
examples of discussion of this fact even in non scientfc journals. If you look in
Morgan Jones book, Valve Amplifers, rd editon, on page 262 he says, The inrush of
current through the flament interacts with the earth's magnetc feld to produce a
small kick. SMALL KICK. Those words mean a great deal. It PROVES that there is an
interacton between the magnetc feld of the earth and simple electrons running
through wires. It may be a small infuence but it is actual OVER UNITY. I have spent
several years of my life thinking about that."

16. They didn't know that according to science only one playing of the shellac disk
would destroy it. They didn't know so they just kept on making and selling diamond
needles for not only shellac disks but the new sof vinyl ones as well. Trial and error
is the best way to make new discoveries. If we rely completely on what we are told
by scientsts and engineers we will never make any relevant discoveries because we
are told not to try, that they are impossible. On to another point. Please keep in
mind that these things are dangerous. Very dangerous. We are talking about several
hundred volts at a potental of an amp or more. The average experimenter can not
deal with anything like that.

17. I do not want the average person actually coming across one of the correct
frequency components and using both hands to measure the feld frequency not
realizing there is fve hundred volts and zap, their heart is stopped. I tell you this
from my experience. Personal experience involving others.

If something as elementary as an ETR circuit is not understood by the experimenter

and if the experimenter has never had any experience with high voltages, especially
voltages that can easily kill you, then he should get out and not atempt to recreate
anything like my technology. During my experiments and even during my
demonstratons, several people were badly hurt.

Perhaps you read the report by a gentleman who was told NOT to touch the two
leads coming out of the small coil because the same voltage was there as would be
at the 120 volt mains wall socket. At some point he decided the only way for him to
know for sure that my demonstraton was real was to touch the two leads leading
directly out of the small coil. He was badly burned and needed medical atenton.
However he became an instant believer.

18. The very FIRST example I gave you was that; It is common scientfc knowledge
that if you have a piece of wire and frst run electricity through it you will have a
small kick when frst energized. The kick is universally atributed to the earth's
magnetc feld. OK the point is; YOU CAN GET SOME ENERGY OUT OF THE EARTH!
Next point; YOU CAN DO SOMETHING VERY SIMPLE WITH A WIRE TO SHOW THIS.

Next point; YOU CAN SEE THAT YOU CAN GET MORE OUT OF A PIECE OF WIRE THEN
YOU PUT IN TO IT.

19. We are not talking about a coil or a transformer or anything developing a

primary to secondary fux. We are just talking about a straight piece of wire, some
electrons and a method of measuring what comes out of it. Some people just sit
back and say, well that isn't very much power, we want to make much more. In
order to run you must walk frst. I told you that the simplest form of over unity is a
piece of wire and a voltage source.
Anyone can actually connect it and measure. See for yourself the kick. NO coil no
xmrs, just a kick.

That should tell you learned gentleman that there exists a form of energy convertble
and useable which is directly related to a simple piece of wire and instantaneous
electron fow. You know it is common knowledge in the electron tube world that
aside from the fact that a cold flament conducts more electricity then when hot, one
of the things that destroys the flament in electron tubes for that mater is this kick
when you frst turn on the juice. The kick is there whether the flament is hot or
cold. The kick helps destroy the flament and cathodes integrity.

So everyone knows about the kick and accepts that it somehow comes from the
earth's magnetc feld. So do something with this informaton! Not even Edison
explained what this means! In his memoirs he said that it was a fact that we all had
to contend with, but that he did not understand why it happened. If you call yourself
experimenters then start to experiment. I had only this to go on when I started and
litle by litle I fgured out how to make many several thousands of kicks per second. .
. AND YOU KNOW WHAT, IT ISN"T DIFICULT AT ALL.

20. Lets talk about the 'kick.' When the old Edison DC generators were turned on,
back in the day, they released this 'kick' and killed many workers in the process. A
man by the name of Tesla had seen this. He wondered how and why this 'kick' would
occur. So he experimented with wire and disruptve discharges from capacitors. It
was found by him that this kick could be made so powerful that it could explode
wires instantly. This kick came out of the wires perpendicularly. He discharged
capacitors into stout wire and through a spark gap.

The key to the kick's strength and appearance was in how fast Tesla discharged the
capacitors into the spark gap AND how fast Tesla STOPPED the fow of current AT the
spark gap. Tesla used all types of devices to stop this fow of current, magnets, a
fame, counter-rotatng engines. His goals were to get the tme in which the
discharge is STOPPED to be much quicker. As Tesla did this he found that the
perpendicular radiatons, the ones from the wires, caused electrical efects to appear
in wires and other copper/metal materials near the STOPPED current/discharge.
These electrical efects could be made to create electrons on other wires and copper
around his STOPPED current/discharge wire.

21. With the right combinaton of frequencies, you can actually create a revolving
feld with inerta! That is what I have referred to as , The inerta efect. There is a
genuine gyroscopic efect when the units are on. Everybody has notced that when
held and in operaton, the units have a defnite vibraton and have a gyroscopic
efect. They seam to resist being moved through the air. When placed on a smooth
surface it is very pronounced. Some of you should think about that.

22. Rotaton of feld. How many people think about that. If you could have a feld
that you could think of as a big ball. And you could rotate it in two directons what
would the ramifcatons ben Listen, you need to make three coils or so one on top of
the other. But the important thing is to wrap the control coils perpendicularly
around the collector coils. There needs to be three of them all the way around.
Start them up one at a tme each.

2 . First frequency, then second harmonic component into the second, then the
third. When you eventually strike the cord look out. You will know what has
happened at that point. In the mean tme you can measure a slight output even if
you do not strike the exact cord. Larger collectors have a much greater ability to
collect and dissipate more energy then the smaller ones. However, if they turn into a
bomb it will not make much diference. There is no such thing as a small lightning
strike.

24. Perhaps a smaller one is safer because the only thing that will stop a red
collector is the disintegraton of the mater actng as a receiver. IE, the wires all burn
up. We built many, many units with various combinatons of collectors during our
experimental days. My colleagues and I have a recollecton of about thee hundred
being crushed up because they were not the best designs. Most of the more
successful units we made had control wiring run or wrapped vertcally over the
horizontal collector wires. You can see them in the units in some of the videos under
black plastc covering. They were run perpendicular to the travel of the collector
wires. They were run in multple segments. Each segment could be fed a diferent
frequency individually and or from a collector secton to help perpetuate the
oscillaton and control.

25. The control frequencies are important in order to make power from the
collector. I assumed that anyone working on technology this sophistcated would
have a superior knowledge of electronics and an understanding of PURE frequency
output being a Necessity to control the reactons going on inside the collector. By
startng the oscillaton you cause the current to fow in the collector which causes
the magnifcaton of the process within the collector which will ultmately produce
the greater voltage and power in usable amounts during operaton. It is electron
fow of a high order creatng a large magnetc feld. Or vice versa. Electron tube
circuits work much more precisely then solid state units. Especially when frst
experimentng. You will be able to get some excitaton with solid state units but we
had to design with tubes frst and then try to duplicate the functoning system with
solid state circuits later. It was difcult. Solid state circuits are very dirty and
imprecise.

26. Vacuum tubes have EXTREMELY FAST TRANSIT TIMES. Solid state devices are
like molasses! They also use about a million percent of feed-back to get a clean
signal output. Vacuum tube devices are fast, accurate and only require a few db of
feedback to achieve beter result. Lets just look at simple power amplifer as an
example: A 100 wat solid state amplifer will consist on average with a compliment
of 0 or so transistors, lots of amplifying and control devices all based on high
current low voltage. Low voltage means SLOW. Also, all those transistors in the
amplifying stages slow down the signal process. Now look at a basic electron tube
device. You have one stage of amplifcaton, one stage of signal phase splitng and
driving and one stage of power output, all at high voltage low current. This means
FAST! It also means that the feedback for frequency output correcton is FAST also.
Now you see why I have always said that tubes are much beter for
experimentaton. Solid state devices are too slow to fnd the three major
intersectng you know whats...

27. I want you to start and think of the generator principles the exact same way that
passing the sound barrier was accomplished. Read how the engineers fnally
developed the proper wing design to accomplish super sonic speed in aircraf. I hope
it will give you a picture of what is going on inside the generator and especially the
collector. The people who say that tubes are exactly the same as transistors are
very, very naive.

28. And now I will tell you something very important. You remember I mentoned
fast electron transit tme vs molassesn Let us examine a simple audio amplifer.
When you design an amplifer you try to isolate noise, or hash from the mains power
supply from getng into the B+ and contaminatng the output signal, etc. You can
measure all kinds of noise from the mains in your B+ not to menton all the noisy
spikes from the solid state rectfers giving the direct current to the power
capacitors. All of this is easily measured, or seen on a scope of most solid state audio
amplifers. NOW design and make a good tube amplifer and you will immediately
fnd a dramatc diference in the B+ supply measurements and what you can see on
the scope. No more spikes from the solid state rectfers, almost no hash from the
mains power coming in! REMEMBER, all of that noise and hash in your solid state
amplifer is in the output signal ! Now tell men What do you think is happening
inside the extremely sensitve torrid generator when you use solid state devices to
atempt to create the required precise control frequencies to make catalyst and
produce powernnn

29. You know transistors just don't do well at those high frequencies. They try hard
but they just make all sorts of harmonics all over the place. Dirty things transistors.
MOSFETS are beter you know if you wanted to make an amplifer that behaved as
though it was a tube amp but in a smaller size. Please be very careful with your
experiments and WATCH out! The Kill switch....remember the kill switch. I do not
want this to scare the crap out of any body and have them telling mamma, blaming
satan, god, or any body else.

0. This inventor claims that the output of the unit is high voltage DC with a
frequency component of around 5k Hz. First of all, obviously you can have several
diferent output components in the power output signal. You can have DC and AC
together without any problem.

There are several parts of the power unit which have patents. Remember that the
power unit technology is owned by the UEC corporaton and I have to be very careful
about not stepping on their toes. I am not afraid of them or anything like that. It is
just that they are the legitmate owners of the patents and most of the research ect.
I would not like to break my trust with them. However, I can, and will give to all of
you as much informaton as I can. I believe that I will be able to give you enough
informaton to begin research on your own. I just have to pass it in front of my
atorney frst so I do not get myself into trouble, that's all. 2. I will in tme give out a
basic Hardware diagram which you may fnd helpful. . No, I will not publish a
schematc diagram of the control circuit. It is proprietary informaton owned and
controlled by the UEC Corporaton, so I won't go there.

1. About the Flame like Discharge. Yes it does cause RF burns. I was going to tell
you about that, but I decided to wait and see how long it would take one of you to
realize this on your own. Bravo! YES, toroidal transformers have some very weird
factors. Study the strange factors. Your interest in the harmonic resonance is also
stepping toward the right directon of things. But then again it depends on your
viewpoint about exactly what harmonic resonance is and how it relates to magnetc
felds and convertng energy as does my power unit. We have done a great deal of
experimentaton with permanent magnets with some very astounding results. I could
stop now and start over again with that subject alone. Has anyone ever read any of
the reports about our experiments with what was called, the Magnetc shadow
castng materialn No it wasn't some kind of paint. But you would be fascinated with
the amount of renewable energy you can extract from a permanent magnet! We
went through about ten thousand dollars worth of Neodymium and Super Cobalt
404 magnetc material in our experiments. I could write volumes of informaton
about that stuf. Those experiments te in to our development of the power unit.

2. At the request of Mr. Richard Mincherton I was present on October 28th at a

test demonstraton of a device that its inventor claims will produce electric power
without measurable energy input except as derived from the earth'’ magnetc and
gravitatonal felds. The test was conducted at the inventor's home. I was allowed to
bring and use measuring instruments, but because the inventor had to leave afer 1
½ hours, I was not able to conduct independent tests on my own. Based on my
observatons, I can atest to the fact that the three models of the device displayed
and tested on that day did indeed light up one, two and six light bulbs (each rated at
100 wat and 120 volt) respectvely. This was less then the fgures quoted to me
before the test, but stll adequate to demonstrate that the devices functon in some
fashion. The smallest unit produced 140 to 150 volts unloaded and 60 to 90 volts
when lightng one 100-wat bulb. The mid-sized unit produced 250 volts unloaded,
and was observed producing 142 Volts at .5 Ampere afer 0 minutes of lightng two
bulbs. The largest unit produced 798 Volts unloaded. With a six-bulb load the
voltage dropped to 420 Volts.

Afer the test the inventor cut the toroidally shaped device into segments (though
not the controller box located at the center of the device). These samples consisted
of an array of circumferentally arranged coils and wires grouped around a core
made of a cork like substance. October 29, 1995 Roland Schinzinger, Dept. of
Electrical and Computer Engineering (UCI). Professor Emeritus of Electrical
Engineering (UCI) PhD, Univ. California, Berkeley 1966. MS, “ 1954. BS, “ 195

. I do suggest that people who are not familiar with rf and the burns that can be
had do not mess with this. The coils get hot. This problem has not been resolved. It
apparently due to the windings moving. Think of the ouput as dc (pulsed) 5khz with
lots of Hash in it. When it is unloaded the voltage climbs substantally and I do not
mean a spike. it lasts for several seconds and is a good third higher. Steven calls it
the turbine efect.

The large coils have control units (as seen) the small coils have the control unit
mounted on the inside edge of the coil and they do have to be inside the coil. Here is
something interestng from Steven. It has been a very long road from beginning to
end. It took several years of experimentaton to discover what frequencies and most
importantly how to make small integrated circuits work to perform the control
functons necessary to make the demonstratons you see on the video tapes
available today.

In one of the videos you demonstrate your device which it is connected to a

measuring instrument. When you turn it top down the voltage decrease and you
had no explanaton for it. Now my queston: did you try your device already on the
earth south siten YES NORBERT, WE DID TRY THEM SOUTH OF THE EQUATOR, THEY
WORK IN REVERSE. CAN SOMEONE TELL ME WHYn

4. YES THERE IS A ROTATING FEILD WHICH CAUSES ELECTRONS TO FLOW IN

COPPER WIRE AND BE USED TO PROVIDE USEFULL WORK FORSE. THERE ARE MANY
WIRES PERPENDICULAR TO THE MAIN COLLECTOR. THIS IS A NECESSARY PART OF
THE DEVICE.

SINCERELY,
SM. March 06, 2006

September 29, 1997

Michael Fennell (Consultng Engineer)
8 48 Menkar Road
San Diego, CA. 92126

To whom it may concern:

I have been hired by Mr. Green to evaluate the performance of the Toroidal Power
Unit or TPU as has been described to me as a proprietary inventon of Steven Mark
who was untl 1995 President and Chief engineer of Spheric Laboratories, a public
corporaton. I have been instructed to compare the performance of the TPU with
that of any known bateries and other storage systems. As understood the device is
universally observed to have the following characteristcs:

Outside Diameter: 6"

Inside Diameter: 5"
Height: 1 - /4"
Weight: 12 ounces
Output Power: 250 Wats
Output Voltage: 160 Volts
Voltage Frequency: 5000 Hz.
Duraton of Performance: 0 Minutes

The “TPU” units apparently heat up to a potentally dangerous level afer a

considerable period of tme, and must be shut of at that point. This makes some
people suspicious of a batery that is being depleted and which must be recharged
afer a few minutes. However, afer having cooled down, the inventor has always
managed to start the unit up again and light the lamps again for the same amount of
tme as before, untl the unit heats up again, without removing the device from the
observers sight to be “recharged”. This can apparently be done any number of tmes,
such as the cumulatve “ON” tme can be extended to at least 0 or 40 minutes. This
is several
tmes longer then the theoretcal limit of any kind of concealed batery pack that I,
the batery experts or electrical engineers have yet been able to discover. I have
personally seen this demonstraton at least ffy tmes.

In point of fact, there is in existence a video tape showing a “TPU” putng out over
1,000 Volts and lightng ten 100 Wat/ 120 volt light bulbs in series for ten minutes. (I
have seen this demonstraton in person several tmes).

5. About the collector: It is three separate coils of mult strand copper wire laid
one on top of the other, not interleaved. Three is important. You can do many things
with three coils. You can run them in parallel, you can run two in series and one in
parallel, or etc. You can run a separate frequency into each coil for beter control on
large power units if need be. The control wiring is vertcally wound in several
segments around each of the horizontal collector coils. Other control wires are
wound around all of the horizontal collector coils together.

Through the diferent control wire and coil wire arrangements you can keep
complete control of the unit most of the tme. However, you must have an
emergency KILL switch. A way of cutng of all the control frequencies simultaneity.
This kill switch must be, manual and also connected through a heat sensor buried
within the collector coil.

It should automatcally stop the functon of the unit before it self destructs on it's
own. This is important for obvious reasons. Also the kill switch should also be
connected to cut of whenever it measures over voltage. If that should ever happen,
you would never have enough tme to hit the kill switch before the inevitable
explosion occurred. You know, it is very similar to the idea of a long garden hose.
Picture a hose with water in it. If you pick up one end and move along the length of
the hose you will move the water constantly along in the directon you are moving.
You could also squeeze the hose in the directon to move the water along as well.
And you could do both to control the movement of the water more precisely. You
can think of the movement of water as the movement of electrons through the
collector coils.

6. August 16, 2006 – Mystery Post. Here is what I perceive in his power toroidal
device, and I will try to make this concise and sensical:

1. When one builds a biflar coil, using one winding for power, and one for trigger,
and drive this with a transistor, there is a certain point, when you bring a magnet
close to one end of the coil, you will get a loud squealing noise from the coil. This
feedback is the result of the trigger and power coil constantly switching the power
transistor used to drive that coil of and on again. It is also a point where that
coil/transistor combinaton produce a high voltage output which one can gather
from the collector of the transistor. If lef unchecked, this resonant frequency of
on/of switching will burn up the transistor, and thus a resistor must be put into the
trigger winding circuit to lessen the voltage produced in the winding. It is one
element of what I believe is happening in the Mark device.

2. When one places several coils around a toroid, one can think of switching from
one to the next, preferably sequentally, the minimum number of coils being three.
In this case one could use the trigger winding from one coil to turn on the power of
the second coil, the trigger from the second to the third power, the third trigger to
the power winding of the frst coil.

. Flux can switch directons within a ferrous material instantaneously and some say
super-luminally. It takes very litle switching power to fip fux "bundles" from one
directon to another, given that there is a good path for the fux to move through.
The toroid is perfect for this. If one were to turn on a magnetc feld in one coil, that
fux permeates most of the toroid, but more importantly is perceived by the next
coil. This in turn triggers that coil to operate, and the frst coil feld is shut down. In
this way, one could use coils to move the fux in PULSES around the toroid. This
switching from coil to coil, accomplished with low power, high voltage pulses occurs
at a natural frequency of the circuit and that frequency that can be handled by the
power transistors.

4. The high voltage, low power is a result of the "kick" whereof Steve Mark speaks. It
was most clearly described by Nikola Tesla, when he observed a very high voltage
spike at the VERY INSTANT a DC switch was closed. In fact he spoke of people being
killed by this spike. Such a spike (though lower in magnitude) happens within a
transistor at the very instant its gate is closed to allow power to course through it. I
learned of this in vacuum tubes from my dad when he taught me how to build my
frst Heathkit shortwave radio in 196 . He said: "Whenever possible, leave the radio
on - it doesn't consume much power, but the startup surges will quickly burn up your
tubes."

5. When a coil is thus actvated, initally it creates a very powerful magnetc spike.
Imagine that this can even be more amplifed if the transistor is turned on only to
close the gate of a silicone controlled rectfer, in order to dump a small capacitor
very suddenly through the coil.
6. It becomes easy to see that when one talks about the switching ability of
transistors, 5kHz is perfectly reasonable, switching from one coil to the next.

7. Next we have the challenge of making the many pulses of magnetc power
unidirectonal. As we all know current running through a wire creates a circular
magnetc feld centered about that wire. This also answers the old queston you
posed on one of your posts as to why a set of jumper cables jumps when shorted
across the batery terminal. Well, frst, the directon of current is opposite in the two
leads, thereby quadrupling the magnetc force in the narrow space between the two
wires. This powerful magnetc "linear" fux concentraton between the cables then
tries to orient itself to the ambient earths magnetc fux lines, and hence, jumps.
Note, however, that there is more at play here. The VERY INSTANT you connect the
cable to the batery, you also have that very high voltage spike whereof Tesla spoke.
This spike has a large Radiant Energy component to the electricity. It contributes a
great deal to the powerful magnetc pulse.

8. Back to unidirectonal fux in the toroid. In order to create a mainly DC current in

windings around part or all of the toroid, we must now ensure the fux moves in ONE
directon. Well, the placement of a magnet at right angles to the fow around the
toroid would tend to make the fux take a preferental directon. The fux of a
controlling coil in a fux-gatng device such as some of the Joe Flynn devices is quite
weak, but exerts enormous directonal control on even very powerful fux. This is the
concept exploited in the design of the newest patent of the Magnetc Power Module.
(Interestngly, it appears to be a derivaton of Steven Mark's eforts....) Thus, instead
of using additonal small coils to make the toroidal fux take one preferred directon
as compared to the other can be acco0mplished by the use of a ferrite magnet, as
seen in the videos (I, too have watched them numerous tmes.)

9. Now to the queston of the litle pieces of wire and the magnet. I don't remember
anyone answering this to your or Mr. Mark's satsfacton. Let me have a go. When
you move a magnet across a wire you generate a current in that wire. However, what
was not iterated is that the amount of current generated is not only a mater of the
strength of the magnet, but rather the SPEED and distance at which that magnet is
moved across that wire. Thus when we speak of moving the magnet across a small
piece of wire at the speed of a gunshot, you generate a very sudden, high voltage
spike in that litle piece of wire. Conversely, if you could move that wire crossways
through even a weak magnetc feld with few fux likes, you could generate a voltage
spike. In essence Mark is doing this in his toroid. He states he is running at about
5kHz. For four coils (like the one that is open on the cardboard box in his garage with
two lamps), he may be banging two opposed coils simultaneously with spikes, with
the magnet forcing one directon, or he is running them sequentally. For the
sequental version, that would mean the "magnetc fux North" (for lack of a beter
way to describe it) passes one spot in the toroid 1250 tmes per second. The RPM of
the fux would therefore be AT LEAST 75,000RPM. Can you imagine the kind of
power you might generate from Neo magnets in an armature near windings if you
COULD rev that puppy up to 75,000RPMn Only this toroid has no back EMF when a
load is put on the wires.

10. Remember I was talking about SPEED of the magnet passing the wires playing a
signifcant role in the voltage produced. If we take the above example of 75,000
RPM, it is easy to calculate for a 14" diameter toroid, that the actual speed of the
magnet "fying" past the wires at a very close range would be ,12 .74 statute miles
per hour or 4,581.5 f/second. Compare this to the bullet of a high powered rife at
2,800 f/sec. 11. One need only to add all the litle pieces of wire, which are now
individual loops of wire around the toroid's ring itself to see why the toroid
generates such enormous voltages and currents. Needless to say, toroidal coils, like
any coil have a preferred resonant frequency. If the toroidal coil is tuned to the
"kick" frequency or pulsed frequency, one can see that this thing would put out scary
amounts of power.

12. I shall make a stab here and say that these toroids DO NOT heat up untl a load is
put on the output wires. It would intuitvely make sense that this heatng is not only
due to current fow within the toroid of-take winding, but also due to the new
magnetc feld that would result within the toroid, due to the DC current now fowing
around it. Strangely, using the lef hand rule for magnetsm, this toroid is an
aberraton. Because when one thinks of the current beginning the fow through a
load, the magnetc fux this winding creates is ADDITIVE to the pulsing magnetc fux
created by the coils.

1 . When we look at the earth's magnetc feld, there are some weird things to look
at. Does a high-speed rotatonal fux feld draw or lessen or concentrate fux lines
into a Mark devicen Maybe that is exactly what it does. This simply ADDS more
density to the feld. However, something else strikes me more simply. Mark has set
up his terrifc sequental pulsed magnetc feld with a small batery (who cares if
there is a batery - that point is moot when you look at the power out) which rotates
nearly twice as fast as the bullet from a high powered rife. It creates enormous
numbers of fux lines crossing wires per second. That is key and it takes litle power.
Once power is established, one could take a tny amount from the output and run
the circuit, so again the batery is moot. The main thing is the device's strange
reacton to physical movement. I atribute this to the ENORMOUS impact of the
SPEED at which the magnetc fux moves.

14. We see how even small fux density, when accelerated to very high speed, can
STILL generate current in conductors, be they wires or even fat surfaces. When we
talk about these efects, we understand that ANY magnetc device, be it a simple
magnet compass or object, will try to orient itself to the earth's magnetc feld. Try
and experiment. See how a magnetzed needle in a match turns slowly to north in a
cup of water. Now take a strong neodymium magnet and tape a piece of thread to it
and let it hang. Note how QUICKLY and how STRONGLY it orients itself to the earth's
feld. What Mark appears to have proven is that one can create the efect of higher
strength of a magnet through speed of movement of the feld. And the feld appears
to be strengthened drastcally by the ADDITIVE pulses of the coils pumping the toroid
up to saturaton.

15. To me the reason that the toroid appears to "judder" as one atempts to move
the toroid across the table is straightorward. As the feld rotates, there is a point in
the device where the rotatng feld (perhaps rotatng is the wrong word) beter, feld
in its racetrack, is oriented in direct oppositon to the Earth's magnetc feld. On the
diametrically opposite side, the feld is perfect atracton to the earth's feld. This
means that pushing the device North and South would have the most pronounced
juddering or washboard efect. However, going crossways to N_S may also have
weird efects, the fux lines moving at right angles to one another. I would tend to
say this might be even more pronounced when a big load is put on the output coil, if
my above assumpton is correct with the inner ADDITIVE fux under load.

16. It makes sense that if we are moving a relatvely weak magnetc feld at very high
RPM or lap rate, then perhaps we are now also talking about a gravitc interacton.
Since it appears that gravity and spinning superconductng magnets are related, and
we are spinning this feld at a VERY high rate, then the orientaton on startup is most
likely also directly interactng with "gravitonsn" I won't go there, as I know too litle
about the feld. Sufce it to say, that gravity is directonal, be it into the earth or into
space from the earth's center. Either way it is directonal. Invertng the toroid MAY
then be afected in operaton or stopped when it is inverted. Has Steven Mark solved
thisn It sounds SOOOOO interestng. And naturally, with smaller toroids, he is also
talking about higher angular acceleraton of the feld, due to the smaller diameter.
Maybe this also has a bearing on the traitn
17. The imploding television story is very interestng. Could Mark's device be close to
tapping into or creatng such a powerful magnetc vortexn Has he seen any evidence
of magnetc atracton of any objects in or near the toroidsn

Gilman St. Irvine, CA 92715-270 , Phone & FAX: (714) 786-7691

December 1, 1995

Dear Steven,

Thank you for dinner the other night. I truly enjoyed the experience and the ride
home together. Thank you for sharing your thoughts. When you get to be my age
Stephen you have learned how not to rufe feathers. If I were in your shoes I would
do exactly what we discussed. I have talked to my associate about the problems as
you see it involving the heat created by your unit when generatng power. He is
willing to assist us in fnding a soluton and he does not feel it is an insurmountable
problem.

The current involved no mater how slight must be a contributng factor, regardless.
We must frst consider all the working principles and decide how to go about solving
the problem. I look forward to seeing you and your unit at my laboratory around
eight thirty on Saturday morning. I will have only one observer and we will be
otherwise alone. I promise you that we will give an honest evaluaton of everything
we observe and will atest to what we fnd.

If you need to talk to me frst you may leave a message for me at my ofce at the
University of California Irvine.

Sincerely,
Roland Schinzinger, PhD.

Gilman St. Irvine, CA 92715-270 , Phone & FAX: (714) 786-7691. Second report on
Energy Device

At the request of Steven Mark I agreed to thoroughly test his inventon of an energy
device toroid at my laboratory at the UCI campus. With me was John Sanchez who
will act as an observer and Mr. Mark who will operate his device for the tests.

The device is reported to develop measurable amounts of electric power beyond any
known batery or storage device. In fact the inventor claims that his device will
create electric power indefnitely as long as it is permited to cool at intervals.

Mr. Mark arrived promptly at 8: 0 AM and wasted no tme in permitng my

examinaton of two units. The frst unit was roughly shaped like a large donut. It
measured approximately 4.72” across with an inside diameter hole of ” making a
core width approximately 1” thick The unit was exactly 2” tall, resembling a toroid. I
did not measure the weight however the unit was extremely light when held in the
hand.

Mr. Mark connected the unit directly to a 100 wat 120 volt incandescent light bulb
and caused the unit to operate. It did in fact illuminate the incandescent bulb quite
brightly. I measured the voltage at 1 7 volts D.C. exactly, (ObS). See note* I then
measured the current fowing through the wires to the bulb at a steady one-ampere,
(ObS). We noted the tme at 9:06 AM.,(ObS). We next measured the light output
from the bulb with a luminescence meter and noted that it read2.5, (ObS). Next we
measured a similar incandescent bulb placed in a socket powered from the main 120
volt (as measured) AC power provided to the laboratory. It measured 2.4 on the
luminescence meter. This can probably be accounted for because the voltage as
measured from the Toroid device is 1 7 volts and therefore 12 volts greater,
generatng a slight increase in light output over the incandescent light powered by
the laboratory main power supply system. The toroid device did indeed provide the
standard voltage and current necessary to provide electric lightng for a 120-volt
circuit. The inventor then asked us for another bulb, which we provided him and he
set about connectng the second bulb along with the frst. The second bulb was
connected in parallel to the frst and did indeed light just as brightly as the
frst.

I measured 1 7 volts now across the output just as before although the load had
doubled and the impedance halved (ObS). I measured the current fowing to the two
bulbs at just less then 2-amperes, (ObS).

The inventor stated that the unit would provide two amperes at 1 7 volts for several
hours, if not indefnitely. We were cautoned that the unit while in operaton would
generate heat leading to self-destructon if not shut down and permited to cool. He
claimed that afer cooling the unit could be restarted and used again over and over.

We permited the frst unit to remain in operaton and provide power for the two
incandescent bulbs while we turned our atenton to the second larger unit the
inventor brought with him for testng. The second unit was again toroid shaped with
a large hole in the center. It was approximately 15” at the outside and 1 ” inside
with a core thickness of approximately 1”. The unit was 4” tall. The unit was not
measured in weight but could be easily lifed with one hand, (ObS). The inventor
started the second larger unit in operaton and cautoned myself and Mr. Sanchez
not to touch the output leads from the device as they were at lethal potental. The
tme was 9: 9 AM.

The inventor measured the output leads and told us there was 600 volts potental at
several amperes. He connected the unit to fve 120 volt 100 wat incandescent light
bulbs as provided by myself. The larger second unit did indeed brightly light the fve
incandescent bulbs brightly. These bulbs were wired in series.

I measured the current through the wire connected to the 5-bulbs at 1.1 ampere,
(ObS). I measured the voltage at 614 volts D.C., (ObS). The inventor then connected
another fve 120 volt light bulbs along with the frst fve making a total of ten 120
volt, 100 wat incandescent light bulbs lightng at equal intensity. I measured the
light output with a luminescence meter at 2.4 each light bulb, (ObS). I did not
measure the current but calculated it to be 2 amperes at 614 volts. I asked the
inventor if this was the limit of the unit and he replied, “no way.”

He provided a quick blow fuse rated at 50 amperes. With two large electrical clamps
and wiring, he shorted the fuse across the output terminals of the toroid and
destroyed the fuse, (ObS). There was only a slight fickering of the ten incandescent
bulbs as observed although there was a tremendous discharge of sparks from the
output terminals of the toroid unit.

The inventor then gave me the fuse for examinaton. It was warm to the touch and
smelled acrid, (ObS). It was a large 240 volt AC air conditoner disconnect fuse and
designed for severe service duty, (OsS). The inventor’s claim that the large toroid
output terminals were at lethal potental was no longer in queston.

The tme was 11:20 AM when the inventor removed the small toroid unit from
operaton because of heat build up. I examined the small toroid unit and it was
indeed quite hot to the touch. The unit had been in steady operaton for exactly two
hours and fourteen minutes. Noted: 2- hours and 14 minutes, (ObS). The load of 2-
amperes at 1 7-volts did not change through the test period.
http://www.dootorkoont_.oo//SoalarfPhysios/Steven221Mark/StevenfMark.ht/

Haok Durban's Aooount: Devioe is Real; Steven Mark wasn't

On March 16, 2008, Jack Durban wrote:

A litle background on who I am and why I remained silent for over a decade.

I have been an avid inventor and product developer since I was a kid. I was drawing
detailed engines and mechanisms by age 9 and just had a knack for looking at a
product and fnding faults in the design. In school I spent all my tme drawing
machines and basic circuits. I worked on my frst patent in High school and it issued
in 1977. Since then I have developed over 200 products that cover several industries.
I currently hold 21 patents that have issued or are pending published applicatons. As
a product developer I have prepared dozens of patents for clients and read
thousands of patents during searches over a quarter century now. I have seen it all
when it comes to technology and I have an open mind which is rare in my feld. I
have designed and worked on alternatve health devices like the RIFE machines and
even worked with Barry Lynes the author of "The Cancer cure that worked". I
designed the world's frst Brainwave analyzer to measure correlates of I.Q. with Dr.
John Ertl a brilliant PhD in Cybernetcs. I am putng this out there to say that I have
always entered into any design or design evaluaton task with eyes wide open and no
preconceptons.

The reason why I didn't come forward sooner was due to an NDA [Non-Disclosure
Agreement] I signed back in '96. As one who makes a living working with inventon,
patents and is a caretaker of others intellectual property, I have to be very careful in
discussing anything of a sensitve nature. Although all NDA's have to expire by a
certain date, I waited an extra 8 years just in case Steven ever surfaced again.

I have seen several so called free energy devices, and all without excepton were
failures. Not all were fraudulent. Some were just not well understood by their
creators as not meetng the requirements of producing over unity power or work.

When I was approached by M.M. to work with Steven Marks, I wasn't overly excited
afer years of seeing these all crash and burn, but I was again all ears. When I saw the
devices work and was able to rotate the units 90 degrees without loss of output
power, I felt a chill go over me like seeing a ghost. You see I know Tesla's works as he
is one of my heroes like Edison and others. I fully understood the impact of being
able to rotate the device without performance depredaton. The gyroscopic
sensaton felt when moving the device made it clear to me instantly that the coils
displaced about the perimeter of the device were switching in a quadrature fashion
like stators in a motor yet there were no mechanical devices in the unit. It became
clear that there was a lot of current fowing from winding to winding.

The device worked and the video is real. It was shot at a mansion that Steven rented
in Lemon Heights California. Steven's face does not appear in the frst videos but I did
notce that he does appear in the one on youtube that shows potental investors. He
always wore an all black suit and shoes even when doing basic lab work. It was part
of the facade.

The sad thing is that Steven was a bit of a hustler. He received millions from several
investors, and never delivered the end product. Steven spent wildly on a lavish
lifestyle. The seemingly sophistcated test equipment one sees in the videos was in
fact a collecton of audio and video gear. It was all purchased for audio development
on Steven's so called D audio theater system that was shown at CES in 1996 or 97.

I have no doubt that Steven was not the true inventor of this device, as he was not
technically savvy enough for such a feat. His only technical background was working
on televisions and cars. He claimed to be an expert in Rolls Royce repair and he did
own an older model but it wasn't anything outstanding.

I met Steven in 1996 when my company was hired by Mercury Marilla, Steven's
boyfriend at the tme, to replicate the device's capabilites by any means possible. At
frst I thought he was trying to fnd out if there was another quick way to produce
the same result with an alternatve approach, but I later realized he was likely
looking for a second design that he could pawn of on investors so he could retain
the original design.

There were many, many investors pouring in money like there was no tomorrow in
the hopes of getng their hands on what appeared to be the holy grail of free
energy.

There was a reason beyond the endless supply of investment dollars that kept the
technology from ever being delivered, and that was the fact that the device only ran
for so long before it shut down due to overheatng, which averaged 20 minutes or so
afer it was actvated. He was very frustrated with the thermal issues, but every tme
I came up with a soluton he would say he would check it out, but nothing ever came
of the remedies. He would never allow me to take the unit apart or do any dissectng
at all. The design was quite simple. There were two sets of windings arranged in a
fashion that very closely resemble the Tesla patent 81,970 circa 1888. There were
two large chokes and polypropylene caps that appeared to be an output smoothing
functon. My Instncts told me that the choke and cap pair was a tuned tank, but
knowing how litle electronics knowledge Steven had, I could not see him being
capable of doing any tank tuning, and there was no grid dip gear around. I'll be
releasing more informaton as I get tme.

Oh one litle side note among many in this interestng moment in tme was Steven’s
use of a magnet to actvate the device. This was just a ruse. The magnet, a cheap
Radio Shack magnet at that was deployed only as a means of closing a simple Reed
switch that closed the primary circuit. Steven thought this would throw of those
who viewed live demos, as he was well aware that many potental investors were
bringing their top engineers with them.

I am thinking about writng a screenplay on this, as there is much, much more to the
story, including sex, crimes and misdemeanors. I have been sitng on this story for
over a decade now.

Co/ing aorward Afer All This Ti/e

On March 15, 2008, Jack Durban wrote:

Hello Sterling,

The post was at… Link here

A purely random pick afer days with litle sleep. For some odd reason I just thought
it was tme to tell the story that few have ever heard. Perhaps it was seeing all the
pretenders making up stuf about the man and the machine only to proft
themselves from the legacy.

I did secretly release some secrets to Keely net a few years ago and they agreed to
keep my name a secret.
Now afer 11 years I no longer am concerned about breeching anyone’s confdence.
NDA’s only last so long!

I hope you have an open mind as the technology did indeed work.

As one who was ofen hired to debunk so called over unity devices I was very
fortunate to play with the device and work on a couple projects with Steven both
power and audio related.

I should tell you in advance that I have a prety good idea as to how it worked but I
do not know enough to build it without spending some serious tme in the lab which.
Post-Interview Comment

On March 20, 2008, Jack Durban wrote:

I would like to add the following...

This was part of an email of 20 March 08, between myself and one of the respected
elders in the movement to reproduce the SM Device. This email is redacted and only
shows one queston of many and my positon on Steven Mark to clarify my motves
in this mater.

> "I think that you ofered some sound inspiraton but i > did not see how knocking
him technically helps as > there may come a tme when he will be more forth >
coming"

Let’s examine this situaton.

1. If there ever was a man deserving of some knocking it is Steven Mark. I understand
that you guys are walking on egg shells with this guy with the hopes that he will
someday reveal the fnal formula; but there is litle reason to believe beyond hope
and despair that he ever will reveal the fnal answer.

2. Megalomaniacs like Steven need an audience to feed their narcissistc appette. To

give anyone the fnal keys to making the device work would be cutng the umbilical
cord to his adoring fans. All he could gain from such an act is a thank you.
Remember, Steven knows how to make these already. If he wanted to help you or
anyone else he could have without hesitaton long ago.
 . There are several others doing this and are well beyond where Steven is. Once he
realizes this watch how quickly he comes forward to help when his obsolescence
becomes a self realizaton and his fan base loses interest.

The reason I came forth yesterday was to tell the truth about what I experienced
while working with Steven Mark. Contrary to some of the less than friendly posts
regarding my inability to shed any light any light on the technology beyond what is
already known, I never represented that I possessed or would reveal anything of a
technical nature that would further any development underway. If I had I certainly
would have fnished the device myself.

What was a payofn None for myself. Most of the feedback I received publicly was
negatve. The only payof I can hope for is that if a guy like Steven Mark, a hustler
and tnkerer with less than extraordinary intellect was able to reproduce this free
energy device there is hope for others to replicate this device also as many others
have to date.

I apologize for ofending those who are stll drinking the Steven Mark Koolaid but I
don’t think most of you know of or appreciate the trail of shatered dreams and
victms lef in this mans’ wake.

All the Best,

Jack Durban
email: <jdurban {at} vorel.com>

TPU-ECD Invented by Steven Marks

 Disolosure by Otto Sabljario n Robertoootte

[PDa]

Supposedly :

https://www.youtube.oo//watohvvc_99El)pjUo)

Steven Marks TPU Patent aound

 US7e311L=
Solid State Eleotrio Generator

Inventor : Graha/ Alan Gunderson

A solid-state electrical generator including at least one permanent magnet,

magnetcally coupled to a ferromagnetc core provided with at least one hole
penetratng its volume; the hole(s) and magnet(s) being placed such that the hole(s)
penetratng the ferromagnetc core's volume intercept fux from the permanent
magnet(s) coupled into the ferromagnetc core. A frst wire coil is wound around the
ferromagnetc core for the purpose of moving the coupled permanent magnet fux
within the ferromagnetc core. A second wire is routed through the hole(s)
penetratng the volume of the ferromagnetc core, for the purpose of interceptng
this moving magnetc fux, thereby inducing an output electromotve force.; A
changing voltage applied to the frst wire coil causes coupled permanent magnet fux
to move within the core relatve to the hole(s) penetratng the core volume, thus
inducing electromotve force along wire(s) passing through the hole(s) in the
ferromagnetc core. The mechanical acton of an electrical generator is thereby
synthesized without use of moving parts.

[0001] This applicaton claims priority to Provisional Applicaton 60/645,674 fled Jan.
21, 2005, enttled PERMANENT MAGNET DRIVEN ELECTRIC GENERATOR.

BACKGROUoD Oa TtE IoVEoTIOo

[1112] 1. aield oR the Inventon

[000 ] This inventon relates to a method and device for generatng electrical power
using solid state means.

[111)] 2. Desoripton oR the Related Art

[0005] It has long been known that moving a magnetc feld across a wire will
generate an electromotve force (EMF), or voltage, along the wire. When this wire is
connected in an electrical closed circuit, in order to perform work, an electric current
is driven through this closed circuit by the induced electromotve force.

[0006] It has also long been known that this resultng electric current causes the
closed circuit to become encircled with a secondary, induced magnetc feld, whose
polarity opposes the primary magnetc feld that frst induced the EMF. This magnetc
oppositon creates mutual repulsion as a moving magnet moves toward such a
closed circuit and atracton as that moving magnet then moves away from the
closed circuit. Both these actons tend to slow, or "drag" the progress of the moving
magnet generatng the EMF, causing the electric generator to act as a magnetc
brake, in direct proporton to the amount of electric current produced.

[0007] Gas engines, hydroelectric dams and steam-fed turbines have historically
been used to overcome this magnetc braking acton occurring within mechanical
electric generators. A large amount of mechanical power is ultmately required to
produce a large amount of electrical power, since the magnetc braking interacton
resultng from induced electrical current is generally proportonal to the amount of
power being generated.

[0008] There has been a long felt need for a generator which reduces or eliminates
this well-known magnetc braking interacton, while nevertheless generatng useful
electric power. The need for convenient, economical, and powerful sources of
renewable energy remains urgent. When the magnetc felds within a generator are
caused to move and interact by means other than applied mechanical force, electric
power can be supplied without the necessity of consuming limited natural resources,
thus with far greater economy.

SUMMARY Oa TtE IoVEoTIOo

[0009] It has long been known that the source of the magnetsm within a permanent
magnet is a spinning electric current within ferromagnetc atoms of certain elements,
persistng indefnitely in accord with well-defned quantum rules. This atomic current
encircles each atom, thereby causing each atom to emit a magnetc feld, as a
miniature electromagnet.

[0010] This atomic current does not exist in magnets alone. It also exists in ordinary
metallic iron, and in any element or metallic alloy that can be "magnetzed", that is,
exhibits ferromagnetsm. All ferromagnetc atoms and "magnetc metals" contain
such quantum atomic electromagnets.

[0011] In specifc ferromagnetc materials, the orientaton axis of each atomic

electromagnet is fexible. The orientaton of magnetc fux within, as well as external
to the material, easily pivots. Such materials are referred to as magnetcally "sof",
due to this magnetc fexibility.

[0012] Permanent magnet materials are magnetcally "hard". The orientaton axis of
each atomic electromagnet is fxed in place within a rigid crystal structure. The total
magnetc feld produced by these atoms cannot easily move. This constraint
permanently aligns the feld of ordinary magnets, hence the name "permanent".

[001 ] The axis of circular current fow in one ferromagnetc atom can direct the axis
of magnetsm within another ferromagnetc atom, through a process known as spin
exchange. This gives a sof magnetc material, like raw iron, the useful ability to aim,
focus, and redirect the magnetc feld emited from a magnetcally hard permanent
magnet.

[0014] In the present inventon, a permanent magnet's rigid feld is sent into a
magnetcally fexible, "sof" magnetc material. The permanent magnet's apparent
locaton, observed from points within the magnetcally sof material, will efectvely
move, vibrate, and appear to shif positon when the magnetzaton of the sof
magnetc material is modulated by ancillary means (much like the sun, viewed while
underwater, appears to move when the water is agitated). By this mechanism, the
moton required for generaton of electricity can be synthesized within a sof
ferromagnetc material, without requiring physical movement or an applied
mechanical force.

[0015] The present inventon synthesizes virtual moton of magnets and their
magnetc felds, producing an electrical generator described herein, which does not
require mechanical acton or moving parts. The present inventon describes an
electrical generator wherein magnetc braking phenomena, known as expressions of
Lenz's Law, do not oppose the means by which the magnetc feld energy is caused to
move. The synthesized magnetc moton thereby manifests without mechanical or
electrical resistance. This synthesized magnetc moton is aided by forces generated
in accordance with Lenz's Law, in order to produce acceleraton of the synthesized
magnetc moton, instead of physical "magnetc braking" common to mechanically-
actuated electrical generators. Because of this novel magnetc interacton, the solid-
state statc generator of the present inventon is a robust generator, requiring only a
small electric force to operate.

BRIEa DESCRIPTIOo Oa TtE DRA_IoGS

[0016] So that the above-recited features of the present inventon can be

understood in detail, a more partcular descripton of the inventon, briefy
summarized above, may be had by reference to various embodiments, some of
which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the
appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of this inventon and are
therefore not to be considered limitng of its scope, for the inventon may admit to
other equally efectve embodiments.

[0017] FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the generator of this inventon.

[0018] FIG. 2 is a cross sectonal elevaton of the generator of this inventon.

[0019] FIG. is a schematc diagram of the magnetc acton occurring within the
generator of FIGS. 1 and 2.

[0020] FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram, illustratng one method of electrically operatng the
generator of this inventon.
DETAIyED DESCRIPTIOo Oa TtE IoVEoTIOo

[0021] FIG. 1 depicts a partally exploded view of an embodiment of an electric

generator of this inventon. The parts have been numbered, with the numbering
conventon applied to FIGS. 1, 2, and .

[0022] Numeral 1 represents a permanent magnet with its North pole pointng
inward toward the sof ferromagnetc core of the device. Similarly, numeral 2
indicates permanent magnets of preferably the same shape and compositon, with
their South poles aimed inward toward the opposite side, or opposite surface of the
device. The leters "S" and "N" denote these respectve magnetc poles in the
drawing. Other magnetc polarites and confguratons may be used with success; the
patern shown merely illustratve of one efcient mode of adding magnets to the
core.

[002 ] The magnets may be formed of any polarized magnetc material. In order of
descending efectveness, the most desirable permanent-magnet materials are
Neodymium-Iron-Boron (NIB) magnets, Samarium Cobalt magnets, AlNiCo alloy
magnets, or "ceramic" strontum-, barium- or lead-ferrite magnets. A primary factor
determining permanent magnet material compositon is the magnetc fux strength
of the partcular material type. In an embodiment of the inventon, these magnets
may also be substtuted with one or more electromagnets producing the required
magnetc fux. In another embodiment of the inventon, a superimposed DC current
bias can be applied to the output wire to generate the required magnetc fux, in
substtuton of, or in conjuncton with said permanent magnets.

[0024] Numeral indicates the magnetc core. This core is a critcal member of the
generator, determining the characteristcs of output power capacity, optmal magnet
type, electrical impedance, and operatng frequency range. This core may be any
shape, composed of any ferromagnetc substance, formed by any process (sintering,
castng, adhesive bonding, tape winding, etc). A wide spectrum of geometries,
materials, and processes are known in the art of magnetc cores. Efectve common
materials include, but are not limited to, amorphous metal alloys (such as that sold
under the trademark designaton "Metglas" by Metglas Inc., Conway S.C.),
nanocrystalline alloys, manganese and zinc ferrites as well as ferrites of any suitable
element including any combinaton of magnetcally "hard" and "sof" ferrites,
powdered metals and ferromagnetc alloys, laminatons of cobalt and/or iron, and
silicon-iron "electrical steel". This inventon successfully utlizes any ferromagnetc
material, while functoning as claimed. In an embodiment of the inventon, and for
the purpose of illustraton, a circular "toroid" core is illustrated. In an embodiment of
the inventon, the compositon may be bonded iron powder, commonly available
from many manufacturers.
[0025] Regardless of core type, the core is prepared with holes, through which wires
may pass, which have been drilled or formed to penetrate the core's ferromagnetc
volume. The toroidal core shown includes radial holes pointng toward a common
center. If, for example stf wire rods were to be inserted through each of these
holes, these wires would meet at the center point of the core, producing an
appearance similar to a spoke wheel. If a square or rectangular core (not illustrated)
is used instead, these holes are preferably oriented parallel to the core's fat sides,
causing stf rods passed through the holes to form a square grid patern, as the rods
cross each other in the interior "window" area framed by the core. While in other
embodiments of the inventon, these holes may take any possible orientaton or
paterns of orientaton within the scope of the present generator, a simple row of
radial holes is illustrated herein as one example.

[0026] Numeral 4 depicts a wire or bundle of wires, i.e. output wire 4, that pick-up
and carry the generator's output power. Typically this wire is composed of insulated
copper, though other output mediums such as aluminum, iron, dielectric material,
polymers, and semiconductng materials may be substtuted. It may be seen in FIG. 1
and FIG. 2 that wire 4, which serves as an output medium, passes alternately through
neighboring holes formed in core . The path taken by wire 4 undulates, passing in
an opposite directon through each adjacent hole. If an even number of holes is used,
the wire will emerge on the same side of the core it frst entered on, once all holes
are flled. The resultng pair of trailing leads may be twisted together or similarly
terminated, forming the output terminals of the generator shown at Numeral 5.
Output wire 4 may also make multple passes through each hole in the core. Though
the winding patern is not necessarily undulatory; this basic form is shown by way of
example. Many efectve connecton styles exist; this illustraton shows the simplest.
All successful connecton methods pass wire 4 at some point through the holes in the
core.

[0027] Numeral 6 in FIGS. 1, 2, and points to a partal illustraton of the input

winding, or inductve coil used to shif the permanent magnets' felds within the
core. Typically, this wire coil encircles the core, wrapping around it. For the toroidal
core presented, input coil 6 resembles the outer windings of a typical toroidal
inductor, a common electrical component. For the sake of clarity, only a few turns of
coil 6 are shown in each of drawing FIGS. 1, 2, and . In practce, this coil may cover
the entre core, or specifc sectons of the core, including or not including the
magnets, while remaining within scope of the present inventon.

[0028] FIG. 2 shows the same representatve generator of FIG. 1, looking

transparently "down" through it from above, so the relatve positons of the core
holes (doted lines), the path of the output wire, and magnet positons (as shaded
areas) are made clear.

[0029] The generator shown uses a core with 8 radially drilled holes. The spacing
between these illustratve holes is equal. As shown, each hole is displaced 45 degrees
from the next. All holes' centers lay along a common plane; this imaginary plane is
centered half-way along the core's vertcal thickness. Cores of any shape and size
may include as few as two, or as many as hundreds of holes, and a similar number of
magnets. Other variatons exist, such as generators with multple rows of holes,
zigzag and diagonal paterns, or output wire 4 molded directly into the core material.
In any case, the basic magnetc interacton shown in FIG. occurs for each hole in
the core, as detailed below.

[00 0] FIG. shows the same design, viewed broadside. The curvature of the core
has been fatened to the page for the purpose of illustraton. The magnets are
represented schematcally, protruding from core top and botom, with arrows
indicatng the directon of magnetc fux-arrow heads pointng north, tails south.

[00 1] In practce, the free, unatached polar ends of the generator's magnets may
be lef as-is, in open air, or provided with a common ferromagnetc path linking
unused North and South poles together, as a magnetc "ground". This common
return path is typically made of steel, iron or similar material, taking the form of a
ferrous enclosure housing the device. It may serve the additonal purpose of a
protectng chassis. The magnetc return may also be another ferromagnetc core in
repetton of the present inventon, forming a stack or layered series of generators,
sharing common magnets between generator cores. Any such additons are without
direct bearing on the functonal principle of the generator itself, and have therefore
been omited from these illustratons.

[00 2] Two example fux diagrams are given in FIG. . Each example is shown in a
space between schematcally depicted partal input coils 6. A positve or negatve
polarity marker indicates the directon of input current, applied through the input
coil. This applied current produces "modulatng" magnetc fux, which is used to
synthesize moton of the permanent magnets, and is shown as a double-tailed
horizontal arrow (a) along the core . Each example shows this double-tailed arrow
(a) pointng to the right or the lef depending on the polarity of applied current.

[00 ] In either case, vertcal fux entering the core (b, ) from the external
permanent magnets (1, 2) is swept along, within the core, by the directon of the
double-tailed arrow representng the input coil's magnetc fux (a). These curved
arrows (b) in the space between the magnets and holes can be seen to shif or bend
(a->b), as if they were streams or jets of air subject to a changing wind (a).

[00 4] The resultng sweeping moton of the permanent magnets' felds causes their
fux (b) to brush back and forth over the holes and wire 4 passing through these
holes. Just as in a mechanical generator, when magnetc fux brushes or "cuts"
sideways across a conductor in this way, EMF or voltage is induced. By connectng an
electrical load across the ends of this wire conductor (Numeral 5, in FIGS. 1, 2) a
current is allowed to fow through the load in a closed circuit, delivering electrical
power able to perform work. Input of an alternatng current across the input coil 6
generates an alternatng magnetc feld (a) causing the felds of permanent magnets
1, and 2 to shif (b) within the core , inducing electrical power through a load
(atached to terminals 5), as if the fxed magnets (1,2) themselves were physically
moving. However, no mechanical moton is present.

[00 5] In a mechanical generator, induced current powering an electrical load

returns back through output wire 4 creatng a secondary induced magnetc feld,
exertng forces which substantally oppose the original magnetc feld inducing the
original EMF. Since load currents induce their own, secondary magnetc felds
opposing the original act of inducton in this way, the source of the original inducton
requires additonal energy to restore itself and contnue generatng electricity. In
mechanical generators, the energy-inducing moton of the generator's magnetc
felds is being physically actuated, requiring a strong prime mover (such as a steam
turbine) to restore the EMF-generatng magnetc felds' moton, against the braking
efect of the output-induced magnetc felds (the induced feld (c), and the inducing
feld (b)), destructvely in mutual oppositon. It is this inductve oppositon which
ultmately must be overcome by physical force, which is commonly produced by
consumpton of other energy resources.
[00 6] The electric generator of the present inventon is not actuated by mechanical
force. The generator of the present inventon also makes use of the induced,
secondary magnetc feld in such a way as to not cause oppositon, but instead
additon, and resultng acceleraton of magnetc feld moton. Because the present
inventon is not mechanically actuated, and because the magnetc felds do not act to
destroy one another in mutual oppositon, the present inventon does not require
consumpton of natural resources in order to generate electricity.

[00 7] The present generator's induced magnetc feld, resultng from electric
current fowing through the load and returning through output wire 4, is that of a
closed loop encircling each hole in the core admitng the output conductor or
conductve medium (4, c). The present generator's induced magnetc felds create
magnetc fux in the form of closed loops within the ferromagnetc core. The
magnetc feld "encircles" each hole in the core carrying output wire 4, similar to the
threads of a screw "encircling" the shaf of the screw.

[00 8] Within this generator, the magnetc feld from output medium or wire 4
immediately encircles each hole formed in the core (c) carrying this medium or wire
4. Since wire 4 may take an opposing directon through each neighboring hole, the
directon of the resultng magnetc feld will likewise be opposite. The directons of
arrows (b) and (c) are, at each hole, opposing, headed in opposite directons, since
(b) is the inducing fux and (c) is the induced fux, each opposing one another while
generatng electricity.

[00 9] However, this magnetc oppositon is efectvely directed against the

permanent magnets that are injectng their fux into the core, but not the source of
the alternatng magnetc input feld 6. In the present solid state generator, induced
output fux (4, c) is directed to oppose the permanent magnets (1, 2) not the input
fux source (6, a) that is synthesizing the virtual moton of those magnets (1, 2) by its
magnetzing acton on core .

[0040] The present generator employs magnets as the source of motve pressure
driving the generator, since they are the entty being opposed or "pushed against" by
the opposing reacton induced by output current which is powering a load.
Experiments show that high-quality permanent magnets can be magnetcally
"pushed against" in this way for very long periods of tme, before becoming
demagnetzed or "spent".

[0041] FIG. illustrates inducing representatve fux arrows (b) directed oppositely
against induced representatve fux (c). In materials typically used to form core ,
felds fowing in mutually opposite directons tend to cancel each other, just as
positve and negatve numbers of equal magnitude sum to zero.

[0042] On the remaining side of each hole, opposite the permanent magnet, no
mutual oppositon takes place. Induced fux (c) caused by the generator load currents
remains present; however, inducing fux from the permanent magnets (b) is not
present since no magnet is present, on this side, to source the necessary fux. This
leaves the induced fux (c) encircling the hole, as well as input fux (a) from the input
coils 6, contnuing its path along the core, on either side of each hole.

[004 ] On the side of each core hole where a magnet is present, acton (b) and
reacton (c) magnetc fux substantally cancel and annihilate, being oppositely
directed within the core. On the other side of each hole, where no magnet is
present, input fux (a) and reacton fux (c) share a common directon. Magnetc fux
thereby adds together in these zones, where induced magnetc fux (c) aids the input
fux (a). This is the reverse of typical generator acton, where induced fux (c) is
typically opposing the "input" fux originatng the inducton.

[0044] Since the magnetc interacton herein is a combinaton of magnetc fux

oppositon and magnetc fux acceleraton, there is no longer an overall magnetc
braking, or total oppositon efect. The braking and oppositon is counterbalanced by
a simultaneous magnetc acceleraton within the core. Since mechanical moton is
absent, the equivalent electrical efect ranges from idling, or absence of oppositon,
to a strengthening and overall acceleraton of the electrical input signal (within coils
6). Proper selecton of the permanent magnet (1, 2) material and fux density, core
material magnetc characteristcs, core hole patern and spacing, and output medium
connecton technique create embodiments wherein the present generator will
display an absence of electrical loading at the input and/or an overall amplifcaton of
the input signal. This ultmately causes less input energy to be required in order to
work the generator. Therefore, as increasing amounts of energy are withdrawn from
the generator as output power performing useful work, decreasing amounts of
energy are generally required to operate it. This process endures, working against
the permanent magnets (1, 2) untl they are demagnetzed.

[0045] In an embodiment of this inventon, FIG. 4 illustrates a typical operatng

circuit employing the generator of this inventon. A square-wave input signal,
furnished by appropriate transistorized switching means, is applied at the input
terminals (S), to the primary (a) of a step-down transformer 11. The secondary
winding (b) of the input transformer may be a single turn, in series with a capacitor
12 and the generator 1 input coil (c), forming a series resonant circuit. The
frequency of the applied square wave (S) must either match, or be an integral sub-
harmonic of the resonant frequency of this -element transformer-capacitor-
inductor input circuit.

[0046] Generator 1 output winding (d) is connected to resistve load L through

switch 14. When switch 14 is closed, generated power is dissipated at L, which is any
resistve load, for example, an incandescent lamp or resistve heater.

[0047] Once input resonance is achieved, and the square wave input frequency
applied at S is such that the combined reactve impedance of total inductance (b+c)
is equal in magnitude to the opposing reactve impedance of capacitance 12, the
electrical phases of current through, and voltage across, generator 1 input coil (c)
will fow 90 degrees apart in resonant quadrature. Power drawn from the square
wave input-energy source applying power to S will now be at a minimum.

[0048] In this conditon, the resonant energy present at the generator input may be
measured by connectng a voltage probe across the test points (v), situated across
the generator input coil, together with a current probe around point (i), situated in
series with the generator input coil (c). The instantaneous vector product of these
two measurements indicates the energy circulatng at the generator's input,
ultmately shifing the permanent magnets' felds in order to create useful inducton.
This situaton persists untl the magnets are no longer magnetzed.

[0049] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that a square (or other) wave
may be applied directly to the generator input terminals (c) without use of other
components. While this remains efectve, advantageous re-generatng efects may
not be realized to their fullest extent with such direct excitaton. Use of a resonant
circuit, partcularly with inclusion of a capacitor 12 as suggested, facilitates
recirculaton of energy within the input circuit, generally producing efcient
excitaton and a reducton of required input power as loads are applied.

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