Handouts - Readings in Philippine Literature

URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY
San Vicente West, Urdaneta City, Philippines-2428

Telefax No.: 075-568-7612 / Email Address: [email protected]
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
WHAT IS LITERATURE?
The world literature is derived from the latin term “Litera” which means an
acquaintance with letters.
Literature deals with ideas, thoughts and emotions of man. Literature can
be said to be the story of man.
Literature is language in use that provides insights and intellectual situation

to the reader. As one explore literature, he likewise discovers the beauty of
language.
Literature is an art that reflects that works of imagination, aesthetics, and

creative writing which are distinguished for the beauty of style or expression as
in fiction, poetry, essay or drama in distinction from scientific and works which
contain positive knowledge.
Brother Azurin believed that literature expresses the feelings of people to

society, to government, to his surroundings, to his fellowmen and to his Divine
Creator.
THE IMPORTANCE OF LITERATURE
1. We study literature so that we can better appreciate literary heritage of our

country and the world. We trace the rich heritage of ideas handed down to us
from our forefathers and the world.
2. We need to understand that we have a great and noble tradition which can
serve as the means to assimilate other culture.
3. We should trace the history of others to be able to cope up with the world’s
happenings.
4. We preserve the ideals of people such as love, faith, duty, friendship,
freedom, reverence part of human life most worthy of preservation.
FUNCTIONS OF LITERATURE
1. Literature is power
2. Literature is knowledge
3. Literature relieves human
4. Literature contributes values to human lives
QUALITIES OF LITERATURE
1. Universality- literature appeals to everyone, regardless of culture, race,

sex, and time which are all considered significant.
2. Artistry- literature has a aesthetic appeal and thus possesses a sense of

beauty.
3. Intellectual Value- literature stimulates critical thinking that enriches

mental processes of abstract and reasoning, making man realize the
fundamental truths and life and its nature.
4. Suggestiveness- literature unravels and conjures man’s emotional power
to define symbolism, nuances, implied meaning, images, and messages, giving
and evoking visions above and beyond the plane of ordinary life experience.
5. Spiritual Values- literature elevates the spirit and the soul and thus has
the power to motivate and inspire, draw from suggested morals or lessons of
the different literary genres.
6. Permanence- literature endures across time and draws out the time factor:
timeless occurring at a particular time, and timelessness, remaining invariable
throughout time.
7. Style- literature presents peculiar way/s on how man sees life as as

evidenced by the formation of hi ideas, forms, structures and expressions
which marked by their memorable substance.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF LITERATURE
1. STRUCTURE
FICTION- is a literary work of imaginative narration, either oral or written,
fashioned to entertain and to make the readers think and more so.
NON-FICTION- is a literary work of “real life” narration or exposition

based on history and facts whose main thrust is intellectual appealing, conveys
facts, theories, generalizations, or concepts about a particular topics.
2. FORM
PROSE- is a literary work that is spoken or written within the
communication flow of language in sentences and paragraphs which give
information, relate events, express ideas, or present opinions.
EXAMPLES OF PROSE
1. Novel
2. Short Story
3. Plays
4. Legends
5. Essay
6. Biography
7. News
8. Oration
9. Anecdotes
10. Fables
POETRY- is a literary work expressed in verse, measure, rhythm, sound and

imaginative language and creates and emotional response or an experience,
feeling or fact.
Types of Poetry
1. Narrative Poetry- This form describes important events in life either real
or imaginary.
Examples: Epic, Metrical Tale, and Ballads
2. Lyric Poetry- This refers to that kind of poetry meant to be sung to the
accompaniment of a lyre, but now, this applies to any type of poetry expresses
emotions and feelings to the poet.
Examples: Folksongs, Sonnet, Elegy, Ode, Psalms, Awit and Corridos
3. Dramatic Poetry- This refers to that kind of poetry meant to be performed.
Examples: Comedy, Melodrama, Tragedy, Farce, and Social Poems
2. GENRE- it is a classification or category of artistic composition, as in music

or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.
Elements of Short Story
1. CHARACTER
2. SETTING
3. CONFLICT
4. THEME
5. SYMBOL
6. STYLE
7. IMAGERY
8. PLOT
9. POV
What is Plot?
Plot is a series of events or episodes that make up the action: it is the
skeletal structure of the story.
Gustav
Freytag’s
Plot

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URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY

San Vicente West, Urdaneta City, Philippines-2428

READINGS IN PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

Literature is language in use that provides insights and intellectual situation

Literature is an art that reflects that works of imagination, aesthetics, and

Brother Azurin believed that literature expresses the feelings of people to

THE IMPORTANCE OF LITERATURE

1. We study literature so that we can better appreciate literary heritage of our

1. Universality- literature appeals to everyone, regardless of culture, race,

2. Artistry- literature has a aesthetic appeal and thus possesses a sense of

3. Intellectual Value- literature stimulates critical thinking that enriches

7. Style- literature presents peculiar way/s on how man sees life as as

NON-FICTION- is a literary work of “real life” narration or exposition

POETRY- is a literary work expressed in verse, measure, rhythm, sound and

Examples: Epic, Metrical Tale, and Ballads

Examples: Folksongs, Sonnet, Elegy, Ode, Psalms, Awit and Corridos

3. Dramatic Poetry- This refers to that kind of poetry meant to be performed.

Examples: Comedy, Melodrama, Tragedy, Farce, and Social Poems

2. GENRE- it is a classification or category of artistic composition, as in music

Elements of Short Story

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