Popular Culture
Popular Culture
Popular Culture
Popular Culture
(1) Compact discs (CDs), which may be found in over 25 million Amer-
ican homes, not to mention backpacks and automobiles, first entered
popular culture in the 1980s. But their history goes back to the 1960s,
when an inventor named James Russell decided to create an alterna-
(5) tive to his scratched and warped phonograph records—a system that
could record, store, and replay music without ever wearing out.
The result was the compact disc (CD). Made from 1.2 mm of poly-
carbonate plastic, the disc is coated with a much thinner aluminum
layer that is then protected with a film of lacquer. The lacquer layer
(10) can be printed with a label. CDs are typically 120 mm in diameter, and
can store about 74 minutes of music. There are also discs that can
store 80, 90, 99, and 100 minutes of music, but they are not as com-
patible with various stereos and computers as the 74–minute size.
The information on a standard CD is contained on the polycar-
(15) bonate layer, as a single spiral track of pits, starting at the inside of the
disk and circling its way to the outside. This information is read by
shining light from a 780 nm wavelength semiconductor laser through
the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The light from the laser follows
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the spiral track of pits, and is then reflected off either the pit or the alu-
(20) minum layer. Because the CD is read through the bottom of the disc,
each pit looks like a bump to the laser.
Information is read as the laser moves over the bumps (where no
light will be reflected) and the areas that have no bumps, also known
as land (where the laser light will be reflected off the aluminum). The
(25) changes in reflectivity are interpreted by a part of the compact disc
player known as the detector. It is the job of the detector to convert
the information collected by the laser into the music that was origi-
nally recorded onto the disc. This invention brought 22 patents to
James Russell, who today says he working on an even better system for
(30) recording and playing back music.
1. According to the passage, why did James Russell invent the CD?
a. He was tired of turning over his records to hear both sides.
b. He wanted to record more music on a new format.
c. He wanted a purer, more durable sound than he could get from
vinyl records.
d. He was interested in getting patents.
e. He wanted to work with lasers.
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(1) The beginning of the twenty-first century has been called the end of the
supermodel era by fashion magazines, trend watchers, and news organ-
izations around the world. The models are being replaced, so the the-
ory goes, with actors. Check the covers of fashion magazines, and you
(5) will find that many on any given month feature an actor, rather than a
model. But, as with most trends, this is nothing new.
From its beginnings in the 1920s, the modeling industry has pro-
vided beautiful people to help sell everything from magazines to com-
puters to vacation destinations. John Robert Powers, who opened the
(10) first modeling agency in 1923, was a former actor who hired his actor
friends to model for magazine advertisements. Cary Grant, Lucille
Ball, and Princess Grace of Monaco were clients. However, for many
models simply being “great-looking” was where their resumés began
and ended. The height of popularity for them was in the 1980s and
(15) 1990s, the era of the supermodel. A handful of “perfect” women com-
manded salaries of up to $25,000 a day to walk catwalks at fashion
shows, appear in print ads, and pose their way through commercials.
They were celebrities, treated with all of the lavish attention usually
paid to heads of state or rock stars.
(20) But that was in the supermodel heyday. As designers and magazine
editors began to favor more exotic and more “real” looking models,
the modeling handful grew into an army. The demand for the perfect-
looking select few dropped, and women who had quirky smiles, a few
extra pounds, spiky hair, or were past their twenties, gained favor. This
(25) group was joined by those who achieved success in some other venue,
such as music (think Renee Fleming raving about a watch), sports
(Tiger Woods happily devouring his Wheaties®), and acting (Danny
Glover waxing rhapsodic over MCI). Iconic fashion designer Calvin
Klein summed it up: “I don’t think that people are that interested in
(30) models anymore. It’s not a great moment for the modeling industry.
It says a lot about our society and I think it’s good.”
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(1) Wondering what to do with that old Atari Home Video Game in the
attic? It’s on the wish list of the Computer Museum of America, in San
Diego, California, which hopes you will donate it to their holdings.
The Museum was founded in 1983 to amass and preserve historic
(5) computer equipment such as calculators, card punches, and typewrit-
ers, and now owns one of the world’s largest collections. In addition,
it has archives of computer-related magazines, manuals, and books
that are available to students, authors, researchers, and others for his-
torical research.
(10) One item currently on display is a 1920s comptometer, advertised
as “The Machine Gun of the Office.” The comptometer was first
sneered at by accountants and bookkeepers, many of whom could add
four columns of numbers in their heads. The new machine was the
first that could do the work faster than humans. The comptometer
(15) gained a large following, and its operation became a formal profession
that required serious training. But by the 1970s, computers took over,
and comptometers, and the job of operating them, became obsolete.
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malls were designed to fill the needs of the changing community, pro-
(15) viding retail stores and services to an increasing suburban population.
The shopping mall differs from its ancient counterparts in a num-
ber of important ways. While piazzas and bazaars were open-air ven-
ues, the modern mall is usually enclosed. Since the suburbs are spread
out geographically, shoppers drive to the mall, which means that park-
(20) ing areas must be an integral part of a mall’s design. Ancient market-
places were often set up in public spaces, but shopping malls are
designed, built, and maintained by a separate management firm as a
unit. The first shopping mall was built by J. C. Nichols in 1922 near
Kansas City, Missouri. The Country Club Plaza was designed to be an
(25) automobile-centered plaza, as its patrons drove their own cars to it,
rather than take mass transportation as was often the case for city
shoppers. It was constructed according to a unified plan, rather than
as a random group of stores. Nichols’ company owned and operated
the mall, leasing space to a variety of tenants.
(30) The first enclosed mall was the Galleria Vittoria Emanuele in Milan,
Italy in 1865–77. Inspired by its design, Victor Gruen took the shopping
and dining experience of the Galleria to a new level when he created the
Southdale Center Mall in 1956. Located in a suburb of Minneapolis, it
was intended to be a substitute for the traditional city center. The 95-
(35) acre, two-level structure had a constant climate-controlled temperature
of 72 degrees, and included shops, restaurants, a school, a post office,
and a skating rink. Works of art, decorative lighting, fountains, tropical
plants, and flowers were placed throughout the mall. Southdale afforded
people the opportunity to experience the pleasures of urban life while
(40) protected from the harsh Minnesota weather.
In the 1980s, giant megamalls were developed. While Canada has
had the distinction of being home to the largest of the megamalls for
over twenty years, that honor will soon go to Dubai, where the Mall
of Arabia is being completed at a cost of over five billion U.S. dollars.
(45) The 5.3 million square foot West Edmonton Mall in Alberta, Canada,
opened in 1981, with over 800 stores, 110 eating establishments, a
hotel, an amusement park, a miniature-golf course, a church, a zoo,
and a 438-foot-long lake. Often referred to as the “eighth wonder of
the world,” the West Edmonton Mall is the number-one tourist
(50) attraction in the area, and will soon be expanded to include more retail
space, including a facility for sports, trade shows, and conventions.
The largest enclosed megamall in the United States is Blooming-
ton, Minneapolis’s Mall of America, which employs over 12,000 peo-
ple. It has over five hundred retail stores, an amusement park which
(55) includes an indoor roller coaster, a walk-through aquarium, a college,
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and a wedding chapel. The mall contributes over one billion dollars
each year to the economy of the state of Minnesota. Its owners have
proposed numerous expansion projects, but have been hampered by
safety concerns due to the mall’s proximity to an airport.
13. How was the Country Club Plaza different from an urban
shopping district?
a. It consisted of many more stores.
b. It was built by one company that leased space and oversaw
operations.
c. It was enclosed.
d. It had both retail stores and restaurants, and offered areas for
community programs.
e. It was based on an Italian design.
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14. According to the passage, how did Southdale expand the notion of
the shopping mall?
a. It added an amusement park.
b. It was unheated.
c. It was the first to rise above two stories.
d. It was designed with more parking spaces than any previous
shopping mall.
e. It was intended to be a substitute for the traditional city center.
16. When the author states in lines 38 and 39 that Southdale afforded
people the opportunity to experience the pleasures of urban life she means
that
a. they could perform necessary and leisurely activities in one
location.
b. they could have a greater variety of retailers to choose from.
c. they could see more artwork and botanicals than they would in
a city.
d. they could be entertained as they would be in a city.
e. they could have taller buildings in their landscape.
17. What is NOT a probable reason for the proposed expansion of the
Mall of America?
a. so it can contribute more to the economy of its state
b. to keep it closer in size to the other megamalls
c. so it can employ more people
d. to attract more tourists
e. to compete for visitors with the Mall of Arabia
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(1) Burgers, fries, pizza, raw fish. Raw fish? Fast food in America is chang-
ing. Sushi, the thousand year old Japanese delicacy, was once thought
of in this country as unpalatable and too exotic. But tastes have
changed, for a number of reasons. Beginning in the 1970s, Americans
(5) became increasingly more aware of diet and health issues, and began
rejecting their traditional red-meat diets in favor of healthier, lower-
fat choices such as fish, poultry, whole grains, rice, and vegetables. The
way food was prepared began to change, too; rather than frying food,
people started opting for broiled, steamed, and raw versions. Sushi, a
(10) combination of rice and fish, fit the bill. In addition, that same decade
saw Japan become an important global economic force, and companies
began flocking to the country to do business. All things Japanese,
including décor, clothing, and cuisine, became popular.
Sushi started small in the United States, in a handful of restaurants
(15) in big cities. But it caught on. Today, sushi consumption in American
restaurants is 40% greater than it was in the late 1990s, according to
the National Restaurant Association. The concession stands at almost
every major league stadium sell sushi, and many colleges and univer-
sities offer it in their dining halls. But we’re not just eating it out. The
(20) National Sushi Association reports that there are over 5,000 sushi bars
in supermarkets, and that number is growing monthly. This incredi-
ble growth in availability and consumption points to the fact that
Americans have decided that sushi isn’t just good for them, or just con-
venient, but that this once-scorned food is truly delicious.
(25) The origins of this food trend may be found in Asia, where it was
developed as a way of preserving fish. Fresh, cleaned fish was pressed
between rice and salt and weighted with a heavy stone over a period of
several months. During this time, the rice fermented, producing lactic
acid that pickled and preserved the fish. For many years, the fish was
(30) eaten and the rice was discarded. But about 500 years ago, that changed,
and hako-zushi (boxed sushi) was created. In this type of sushi, the rice and
fish are pressed together in a box, and are consumed together.
In 1824, Yohei Hanaya of Edo (now called Tokyo) eliminated the
fermentation process, and began serving fresh slices of seafood on
(35) bases of vinegared rice. The vinegar was probably used to mimic the
taste of fermented sushi. In fact, the word sushi actually refers to any
vinegared rice dish, and not to the fish, as many Americans believe (the
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18. According to the passage, what other food also gained popularity
in the 1970s?
a. salads
b. pepperoni pizza
c. fried chicken
d. fast-food burgers
e. fried rice
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25. What would be the best name for maki zushi that has the
placement of the rice and nori switched?
a. rice ball
b. maki maki
c. zushi deluxe
d. inside-out
e. wasabi sashimi
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PASSAGE 1
(1) There comes a time in every boy’s life when he becomes a man. On
this fateful day, he will be swept up and put on an island to compete
for one million dollars. Then, this man will realize that money can’t
buy happiness. He will find his soul mate, as we all do, on national TV,
(5) picking a woman out of a line of twenty. By then it will be time for him
to settle down, move to the suburbs, make friends with the neighbors,
and then refurbish the neighbors’ house.
Welcome to real life. That is, real life as the television networks
see it.
(10) Reality TV is flawed in many ways, but the most obvious is in its
name. It purports to portray reality, but no “reality” show has suc-
ceeded in this endeavor. Instead, Reality TV is an extension of fiction,
and there are no writers who need to be paid. Television executives
love it because it is so much cheaper to produce than any other type
(15) of programming, and it’s popular. But the truth is that there is little or
no reality in Reality TV.
Do you sing in the shower while dreaming of getting your own
record deal? There are a couple of shows made just for you. Audition,
and make the cut, so some British guy who has never sung a note can
(20) rip you to pieces on live television. Or maybe you’re lonely and fiscally
challenged, and dream of walking down the aisle with a millionaire?
Real marriage doesn’t involve contestants who know each other for a
couple of days. The people on these shows seem to be more interested
in how they look on camera than in the character of the person they
(25) might spend the rest of their life with. Let’s hope that isn’t reality.
There are also about a dozen decorating shows. In one case, two
couples trade rooms and redecorate for each other. The catch is, inte-
rior designers help them. This is where the problem starts. Would
either couple hire someone who thinks it’s a great idea to swathe a
(30) room in hundreds of yards of muslin, or to adhere five thousand plas-
tic flowers as a mural in a bathroom? The crimes committed against
defenseless walls are outrageous. When you add the fact that the cou-
ples are in front of cameras as well as the designers, and thus unable to
react honestly to what is going on, you get a new level of “unreality.”
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(35) Then there is the show that made the genre mainstream—Survivor.
The show that pits men and women from all walks of life against each
other for a million dollar prize in the most successful of all the Real-
ity TV programs. What are record numbers of viewers tuning in to
see? People who haven’t showered or done their laundry in weeks are
(40) shown scavenging for food and competing in ridiculous physical chal-
lenges. Where’s the reality? From the looks of it, the contestants spend
most of their time, when not on a Reality TV show, driving to the
Burger Barn and getting exercise only when the remote goes missing.
So the television networks have used Reality TV to replace the dra-
(45) mas and comedies that once filled their schedules, earning millions in
advertising revenue. The lack of creativity, of producing something
worth watching, is appalling. We are served up hundreds of hours of
Reality TV each week, so we can watch real people in very unreal situ-
ations, acting as little like themselves as possible. What’s real about that?
PASSAGE 2
(1) Why does Reality TV get such a bad rap? Editorials on the subject
blame its popularity on everything from the degenerate morals of
today’s youth to our ever-decreasing attention spans. The truth is that
reality-based programs have been around for decades. Candid Camera
(5) first aired in 1948, a “Cops”-like show called Wanted was on CBS’s
lineup in the mid-1950s, and PBS aired a controversial 12–hour doc-
umentary filmed inside a family’s home in 1973. But it was Survivor,
which debuted on American TV in the summer of 2000, which
spawned the immense popularity of the “reality” genre. There are now
(10) more than 40 reality shows on the air, and, hinting that they are here
to stay, the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences added “Best Real-
ity Show” as an Emmy category in 2002.
Why are these shows so popular today? Are they really a sign that
our morals, and our minds, are on a decline? People have been tuning
(15) in to Reality TV for generations, so what makes today’s shows any
worse than their predecessors? Let’s look at a number of current, pop-
ular shows to see what the fuss is about. MTV’s The Real World has been
on the air for over ten years. It places seven strangers in one house and
tapes them as they live together for a few months. The show has been
(20) a ratings homerun for MTV, and tens of thousands of hopefuls audi-
tion each time they announce they are producing another show. Those
who make the cut are attractive young singles not only looking for a
good time, but also looking for fame, too. It’s not uncommon for them
to hire a show business agent before the taping starts.
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(25) Other Reality shows take fame-seekers to the next level by having
them compete against one another. American Idol, Star Search, and
Fame showcase singers, actors, dancers, and model wannabes, and
offer them a chance at professional success. Even those who don’t win
the big prize get national television exposure, and have a better chance
(30) than they did before the show of becoming famous. Survivor offers
another twist: not only can you become an instant celebrity, but you
have a chance to win a million dollars. The combination of fame and
money has helped to make Survivor the most popular Reality TV pro-
gram of all time. But it’s not alone in the format. Big Brother combines
(35) the “group living together in a beautiful setting” concept of The Real
World with a $500,000 prize, and Fear Factor pays $50,000 to the con-
testant who completes the most terrifying stunts.
Given television’s long history of reality-based programming, why
is there a problem now? Most Reality TV centers on two common
(40) motivators: fame and money. The shows have pulled waitresses, hair
stylists, investment bankers, and counselors, to name a few, from
obscurity to household names. These lucky few successfully parlayed
their fifteen minutes of fame into celebrity. Even if you are not inter-
ested in fame, you can probably understand the desire for lots of
(45) money. Watching people eat large insects, jump off cliffs, and be
filmed 24 hours a day for a huge financial reward makes for interest-
ing viewing. What’s wrong with people wanting to be rich and
famous? Not much, and, if you don’t like it, you can always change the
channel.
26. The author’s tone in Passage 1, lines 1–7, may best be described as
a. satire concerning a man’s journey through life.
b. cynicism about the reasons people go on Reality TV shows.
c. humor regarding the content of Reality TV.
d. irony about the maturation process.
e. sarcasm toward the television networks.
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30. In Passage 2, line 20, the phrase ratings homerun means that
a. a lot of people watch The Real World.
b. The Real World beats baseball games in TV ratings.
c. there are baseball players on The Real World.
d. the Nielsen company likes The Real World.
e. The Real World contestants play softball on the show.
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33. What does the author of Passage 1 find most troublesome about
Reality TV?
a. It isn’t original.
b. It doesn’t need writers to come up with scripts.
c. It invades people’s privacy.
d. It doesn’t accurately show reality.
e. It shows how shallow people are.
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34. In line 16, what does repressed the possibility for equal
opportunity mean?
a. Monopolies led to slavery.
b. Monopolies were responsible for the single tax problems.
c. Monopolies made it impossible for poorer people to follow
Henry George.
d. Monopolies were responsible for Lizzie Magie’s $500 payment
and Charles Darrow’s millions.
e. Monopolies made it impossible for poorer people to have the
same chances as the wealthy.
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35. How does the objective of The Landlord’s Game differ from that
of Monopoly?
a. In The Landlord’s Game, you can only rent the properties, but
in Monopoly you may buy them.
b. The Landlord’s Game illustrates the inequality of the
landlord/tenant system, while Monopoly encourages players to
become landlords and become wealthy at the expense of others.
c. The Landlord’s Game teaches the problems of capitalism and
Monopoly teaches the value of money.
d. The Landlord’s Game was a way for Quakers to understand the
economic theories of Henry George, and Monopoly explains
the evolutionary theories of Charles Darrow.
e. In The Landlord’s Game, players try to land on as many rail-
roads and utilities as possible, but in Monopoly they try to avoid
them.
37. In line 28, the statement that the rules of The Landlord’s Game
were explained and transmuted relies on the notion that
a. when people pass along information by word of mouth, it goes
through changes.
b. when people explain things to their friends, they take on a
different appearance.
c. friends rely on one another for vital information.
d. it’s not always easy to play by the rules.
e. word of mouth is the best way to spread information.
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39. Why did Mrs. Phillips sell her patent to Parker Brothers?
a. So a large company would market her game and spread the
word about Henry George’s single tax theory.
b. So she could make money.
c. So The Landlord’s Game could compete with Monopoly.
d. So the truth would be told about Charles Darrow.
e. So she would become famous.
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42. According to the passage, the larger meals now being offered in
restaurants
a. cost less than smaller meals.
b. add an extra side dish not offered with smaller meals.
c. include a larger drink.
d. save consumers money.
e. contain too many calories, fat, and sodium.
44. According to the passage, why is the restaurant industry against the
new Congressional bill?
a. They don’t want any healthy items on their menus.
b. Because lack of adequate exercise is also responsible for the
obesity epidemic.
c. They don’t want to be sued if they incorrectly calculate the
calories in their menu items.
d. They feel their industry is already over-regulated.
e. Because people would stop coming to their establishments if
they knew what was in the food.
46. The passage explains that those in favor of the MEAL Act want
nutritional information placed
a. anywhere the consumer can make a menu selection.
b. in print advertisements.
c. on websites.
d. on toll-free hotlines.
e. on posters with print large enough to read from any position in
the restaurant.
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Answers
1. c. The answer may be found in lines 4 and 5, which state that Rus-
sell wanted an alternative to his scratched and warped phonograph
records. You may infer that the problem with such records was
their poor sound quality.
2. e. Lines 26–27 state that the detector’s function is to convert data
collected by the laser into music.
3. b. While the paragraph explains the function of semiconductor
lasers in reading the information on CDs, it does not say any-
thing about why they were invented.
4. a. Evidence may be found in lines 23–24, which state that today’s
models are quirkier and less perfect than the supermodels.
5. c. A resumé is literally the summary of one’s job experience, edu-
cation, and skills. The author is saying that there is nothing one
can say about these models except that they look great; their
figurative resumé has only one item on it. Being great-looking
isn’t work experience (choice a), one would not literally list
“great-looking” alone on a resume (choices b and d), and pathos
is a feeling of pity or sorrow (choice e).
6. e. To wax means to become, and rhapsodic means excessively
enthusiastic. Although rhapsodic can also mean like a musical
composition of irregular form, this definition does not fit with
the rest of the sentence.
7. e. Lines 5–7 mention calculators (adding machines), computers,
card punches, and manuals. The only item not mentioned is
kitchen scales.
8. c. A sneer is a facial expression that signals contempt or scorn.
Accountants and bookkeepers didn’t like the comptometer,
because as lines 13–14 explain, it performed their job faster than
they could.
9. b. The Museum has a collection of computer-related magazines,
manuals, and books (line 7). They would not contain informa-
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because “raw” is not one of your choices. You can also infer that
shime means marinated, because mackerel is not one of your
choices. Therefore, shime ebi means marinated shrimp.
21. d. Nowhere in the passage does the author mention a preference
for either type of sushi. The answer to choice a may be found in
lines 36 and 37. Choice b is found in lines 10–13, choice c is
answered by lines 46–51, and choice e is answered by
lines 26–29.
22. a. It is noted in lines 15 and 16 that sushi consumption in America
is 40% higher than it was in the late 1990s (five years ago).
While the other answers might be true, they are not described
in the passage.
23. b. Unpalatable may be defined as not agreeable to taste; from the
Latin palatum, which refers to the roof of the mouth. You know
the word palate as the roof of the mouth, so unpalatable most
likely has to do with the sense of taste. The biggest clue to the
definition comes in line 24, which states that Americans have
decided, this once-scorned food is truly delicious.
24. d. It is mentioned in lines 25–26 that sushi was developed for the
purpose of preserving fish. Line 29 clearly states that pickling,
which takes place at the end of the sushi-making process, is a
means of preserving.
25. d. The nori is typically on the outside of the roll, surrounding the
rice (lines 46 and 47). If the rice is wrapped around the seaweed,
the inside (rice) is now on the outside. In addition, you could
use the process of elimination, as none of the other choices
make sense.
26. c. The author does not have a bite to his argument, as required by
satire, cynicism, and sarcasm. He is also not speaking to two
audiences, one that gets it and one that doesn’t, as with irony.
He is simply trying to be funny, as in lines 1–3, which says that
once a boy becomes a man, he will compete for cash on
an island.
27. d. This is the only statement made by both authors (see Passage 1
lines 37–38, and Passage 2 lines 33–34). Don’t be tricked by the
choices that are true, such as a, b, and e. They need to be
believed by both authors to be correct.
28. a. Passage 2 repeats a number of times its first question: Why does
Reality TV get such a bad rap? Lines 2 and 3 explain the argu-
ment further, saying its popularity is blamed on degenerate
morals and a decreasing attention span. The first lines of para-
graph 2 (13–16) again question the argument against Reality
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TV, and the last paragraph repeats the questioning. There are
no outcomes or any need for change mentioned. A brief history
is given, and the subject of getting famous through exposure on
Reality TV is brought up, but neither is the primary purpose of
the passage.
29. b. Passage 1 centers on a problem with Reality TV, and while
Passage 2 does mention some problems, they are not what he or
she feels, but rather the opinion of some people. Choice a is
incorrect because Passage 1 does not defend Reality TV. Choice
c is incorrect because the author of Passage 2 acknowledges that
some people have a problem with Reality TV (lines 1–3 and
48–49). Choice d is incorrect because Passage 2 does not say
anything about variety in TV programming. Choice e is wrong
because Passage 2 doesn’t mention the cost of producing TV
shows.
30. a. Ratings refers to how many people watch the show. A homerun
is the best possible kind of hit, so a ratings homerun is a symbolic
term meaning that many people watch the show. Choices b, c,
and e reference ball games literally, but the author used the
term figuratively, so those choices are incorrect. Nielsen is the
company that gathers TV ratings, but high ratings have nothing
to do with whether they like a show or not.
31. e. Both passages show that there is a debate about Reality TV. In
Passage 1, the author is against it, but notes that it is popular
(lines 10 and 37). The author of Passage 2 likes it, and also rec-
ognizes that it gets a bad rap (line 1). Although most of the
other choices are factual, they do not appear in both passages,
and are not illustrated by them.
32. c. The clue comes in Passage 1, which describes the swathing and
flower gluing as crimes against defenseless walls. Swathing is
therefore something done to a wall. The only choice that makes
sense is c, to cover.
33. d. While there is evidence for the other choices, they are not the
most troublesome. The author repeats in every paragraph the
idea that Reality TV isn’t real.
34. e. Look back to lines 7–10, where George’s single tax proposal
(the idea The Landlord’s Game was meant to teach) is described
as aiming to weaken the ability to form monopolies, encourage equal
opportunity, and narrow the gap between rich and poor.
35. b. Lines 13–20 explain the first part of the question, while lines
52–55 contain the answer to the second. Don’t be distracted by
the other answers that contain true statements that are not,
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501 Critical Reading Questions
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