07 Check Your English Vocabulary For Medicine

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CHECK YOUR ENGLISH VOCABULARY FOR
MEDICINE
third edition
A & C Black 폷 London

www.acblack.com
First published in Great Britain 1995

Second edition published 2000
Third edition published 2006
A & C Black Publishers Ltd

38 Soho Square, London W1D 3HB
© Peter Collin Publishing 1995, 2000

© A & C Black Publishers Ltd 2006
All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced in
any form without the permission of the publishers.
A CIP entry for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN-10: 0 7136 7590 X
ISBN-13: 978 0 7136 7590 0
eISBN-13: 978-1-4081-0238-1
Text typeset by A & C Black

Printed in Italy by Legoprint
A & C Black uses paper produced with elemental chlorine-free pulp,

harvested from managed sustainable forests.
Introduction
The worksheets in this workbook contain a variety of exercises appropriate for students
requiring a working knowledge of English medical terminology. The worksheets can be used
either for self-study or in the classroom and can be completed in any order. Several have
'extensions': short classroom exercises based on the language in the main exercise. All the
questions within this workbook are based on the A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms,
fourth edition (ISBN 0 7136 7603 5).
This workbook is aimed at students with at least an intermediate level of English. However,
many people who work in medicine have to read in English on a regular basis; students with
a more basic level of English may therefore already have the passive vocabulary to handle
many of the exercises.
Specialist vocabulary
It is important to appreciate that 'knowing' specialist vocabulary involves more than simply
recognising it.
You can understand the meaning of a word when reading or listening and yet be
unable to remember that same word when speaking or writing.
You may remember the word, but use it incorrectly. This can be a grammatical
problem, like knowing that 'fracture' can be used both as a noun and as a verb. Or
it may be a question of collocation: a surgeon makes an incision during an operation,
but when he wants a piece of bread he simply cuts it.
Then there is the question of the sound of the word. Can you pronounce it? And do
you recognise it when you hear it pronounced?
For these reasons - memory, use and sound - it is important that students practise specialist
vocabulary so that they can learn to use it more confidently and effectively. The exercises in
this workbook will help students to expand their knowledge and use of medical vocabulary.
Using the Dictionary of Medical Terms

All of the vocabulary taught or practised in this workbook is in the A & C Black Dictionary of
Medical Terms. The Dictionary of Medical Terms gives definitions in simple English which
students can read and understand. Many of the examples and definitions in the workbook
are taken directly from the dictionary. Students should have a copy of the Dictionary of
Medical Terms for referring to when completing the exercises; using the dictionary is an
essential part of successful language learning.
Structure of a Dictionary of Medical Terms entry

Each entry within the dictionary includes key elements that help a student understand the
definition of the term and how to use it in context. Each term has a clear example, and part
of speech. This is followed by example sentences and quotations from newspapers and
magazines that show how the term is used in real life. These elements of the dictionary are
used to create the questions within this workbook.
Vocabulary Record Sheet

At the back of the book is a Vocabulary Record Sheet. Recording useful vocabulary in a
methodical way plays a key role in language learning and could be done, for example, at the
end of each lesson. The Dictionary of Medical Terms is a useful tool for ensuring that the
personal vocabulary record is accurate and is a good source for example sentences to show
how words are used, as well as for notes about meaning and pronunciation, etc.
Workbook contents
Page Title Description Mode
WORD-BUILDING
1 Word association 1: Linking each set of four words with one other word Self-study
missing links
2 Word formation: Forming nouns from list of verbs; rewriting sentences Self-study
nouns using noun forms instead of verbs
3 Two-word expressions Combining words from two lists to make two-word Self-study
expressions that fit the definitions
4 Plural formation Multiple choice: choosing correct plural forms of singular Self-study
nouns
5 Word formation: Rewriting sentences using adjective forms instead of Self-study
adjectives nouns
6 Word association 2: Linking each verb with a noun to make a 'partnership'; Self-study
partnerships using the 'partnerships' to complete sentences
7 Opposites 1: prefixes Selecting the correct prefix for each adjective to create an Self-study
opposite; using the adjectives to complete sentences
Extension: working with a partner to test one another
8 Word formation: verbs Making verb forms from list of nouns; writing sentences Self-study
using the verbs
9 Word association 3: Finding words in a mind map that fit definitions; Self-study
mind maps designing mind maps
PARTS OF SPEECH
10 Nouns Sentence completion Self-study
11 Adjectives 1 Sentence completion Self-study
12 Adjectives 2 Sentence completion Self-study
13 Verbs 1 Matching verbs with their correct definitions Self-study
14 Verbs 2 Matching verbs with their correct definitions Self-study
15 Verbs: past tense ~ Sentence completion Self-study
regular verbs
16 Verbs: mixed tenses Sentence completion Self-study
17 Phrasal verbs Sentence completion Self-study
Extension: working with a partner to write a dialogue
using phrasal verbs
18 Verbs: active/passive Changing sentences from active to passive tense Self-study
19 Adverbs Identifying adverbs in sentences and swapping adverbs Self-study
around so that each sentence makes sense
20 Prepositions Correcting sentences with deliberate mistakes in Self-study
the prepositions
PRONUNCIATION
21 Word stress 1 Identifying three-syllable words and classifying by their Self-study
pronunciation Pair work
Extension: practising the dialogues with a partner
22 Word stress 2 Completing sentences using four-syllable words; Self-study
classifying four-syllable words by their pronunciation
23 Present simple Identifying present tense verbs and classifying by their Pair work
pronunciation
Extension: working with a partner to identify plural
nouns in each pronunciation category
24 Past tense Identifying past tense verbs and classifying by their Self-study
pronunciation
Page Title Description Mode
VOCABULARY IN CONTEXT
25 Good advice Matching half-sentences together to make complete Self-study
sentences
Extension: writing pieces of medical advice with a Pair work
partner
26 Multiple meanings Classifying meanings Self-study
27 Odd one out Identifying word that is different to others in each set Self-study
28 Body parts - categories Deciding which category each body part belongs to Self-study
29 Opposites 2 Matching words with opposite meanings; inserting Self-study
correct opposites in sentences
Extension: working with a partner to test one another Pair work
30 Abbreviations Stating what abbreviations stand for Self-study
31 Symptoms & common Checking meanings of words; matching descriptions to Self-study
illnesses 1 names of illnesses
32 Symptoms & common Matching formal and informal names of illnesses; Self-study
illnesses 2 completing conversations by using informal names of
illnesses
Extension: practising conversations with a partner Pair work
33 Diagnosis Identifying each disease or illness from its description Self-study
Extension: writing a description of a disease or illness Pair work
and testing a partner
34 How it works Matching half-sentences together to make complete Self-study
sentences
35 Instruments and Matching each instrument and item of equipment with Self-study
equipment its correct description
36 Chemistry Matching symbols of chemical elements and compounds Self-study
with correct names and descriptions
PUZZLES & QUIZZES

37 Anagrams 1 Solving anagrams by reading clues and putting letters Self-study
in order
38 Parts of the body Solving crossword Self-study
crossword 1
39- Communicative Completing crossword by working with partner and Pair work
40 crossword 1 defining words
41 Anagrams 2 Solving anagrams by reading clues and putting letters Self-study
in order
42 Word search Finding words hidden in letters using clues listed Self-study
45 Parts of the body Solving crossword Self-study
crossword 2
46 Gap fill crossword Completing crossword with missing words from Self-study
sentences
49 Quiz Answering questions Self-study
Extension: writing a quiz with a partner Pair work
50 Vocabulary Record Recording new vocabulary, definitions and terms Self-study
Sheet
51 Answer key Answers to all worksheets

Unit 0000
Using the workbook
Most students find it easier to assimilate new vocabulary if the words are learned in related groups, rather
than in isolation. For example, words frequently occur in the same context as their opposites and, as such, it
makes sense to learn the pairs of opposites together (see worksheets on pages 7 and 29). Similarly, mind
maps encourage students to look for connections between words (see worksheet on page 9). The exercises
and activities in this workbook have all been grouped into sections. These sections practise different elements
of medical vocabulary, enabling the student to gain a fuller understanding of the words learnt.
The first section, Word-building (pages 1-9), encourages the student to identify links between words and to
learn words that are morphologically related (for example, verbs and nouns which have the same stems).
Within the Parts of Speech (pages 10-20) section, the emphasis is on understanding meanings and how to
use terms in their correct grammatical forms. The worksheets in the third section practise the Pronunciation
of medical vocabulary (pages 21-24). The section Vocabulary in Context (pages 25-36) includes topic-
specific exercises such as identifying diseases and illnesses from their descriptions. The activities in the last
section, Puzzles & Quizzes (pages 37-49), expand students' knowledge and use of vocabulary in a fun way.
Communicative crosswords
Included in the last section are three communicative crosswords. These are speaking exercises where students
complete a half-finished crossword by exchanging clues with a partner. There are two versions of the
crossword: A & B. The words which are missing from A are in B, and vice versa. No clues are provided: the
students' task is to invent them. This is an excellent exercise for developing linguistic resourcefulness; in
having to define words themselves, students practise both their medical vocabulary and the important skill of
paraphrasing something when they do not know the word for it.
Using Communicative crosswords in the classroom

Stage 1 - Set-up. Divide the class into two groups - A and B - with up to four students in each group. Give
out the crossword: sheet A to group A, sheet B to group B together with a copy of the Dictionary of Medical
Terms. Go through the rules with them. Some answers may consist of more than one word.
Stage 2 - Preparation. The students discuss the words in their groups, exchanging information about the
words they know and checking words they do not know in the Dictionary of Medical Terms. Circulate,
helping with any problems. This is an important stage: some of the vocabulary in the crosswords is quite
difficult.
Stage 3 - Activity. Put the students in pairs - one from group A and one from group B. The students help
each other to complete the crosswords by giving each other clues.
Make sure students are aware that the idea is to help each other complete the crossword, rather than to
produce obscure and difficult clues.
- What's one down?

- It's a person who works in a hospital. A A B B
- A doctor? A A B B
- A sort of doctor. He does operations.
- A surgeon?
Students work in groups,
- Yes, that's right. checking vocabulary
Alternatively, students can work in small groups, each group consisting of two As and two Bs and using the
following strategies:
i) defining the word
ii) describing what the item looks like
iii) stating what the item is used for A B A B
iv) describing the person's role
v) stating what the opposite of the word is A B A B
vi) giving examples
vii) leaving a gap in a sentence for the word
viii) stating what the word sounds like. Students work in pairs,
co-operating to solve
their crosswords
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
Word association 1: missing
Unit 0000
links
Each of the sets of four words below can be linked by one other word. All the words are
related to medical matters. What are the missing words? Write them in the centre of the
charts.
1.
ciliary temperature
foreign fat
2.
throbbing relief
abdominal threshold
3.
metacarpal graft
cancellous marrow
4.
cardiac fatigue
skeletal spasm
5.
black bath
glass drops
6.
blood membrane
beta body
1
Unit 0000
Word formation: nouns
A fast way to expand your vocabulary is to make sure you know the different forms of the
words you learn.
Exercise 1. The words in this list are all verbs. What are the noun forms? Write them in the
second column. The first one has been done for you as an example.
1. diagnose diagnosis 9. infect ______________
2. examine ______________ 10. carry ______________
3. prescribe ______________ 11. replace ______________
4. suffer ______________ 12. degenerate ______________
5. operate ______________ 13. refer ______________
6. cure ______________ 14. paralyse ______________
7. recover ______________ 15. obstruct ______________
8. analyse ______________
Exercise 2. First, check your answers to Exercise 1 in the key. Then rewrite the sentences
below, changing the verbs (which are in bold) to nouns. Do not change the meaning of the
sentences, but be prepared to make grammatical changes if necessary. The first one has
been done for you as an example.
1. I diagnosed that the patient had a heart 9. We found that the tissue was infected.
condition. We found an
My diagnosis was that the patient had a heart
condition.
10. Ten per cent of the population are thought to
2. I examined the patient fully. carry the bacteria.
I made a full Ten per cent of the population are thought to be
3. I prescribed a course of antibiotics. 11. We replaced the patient's hip.

I wrote a The patient was given a hip
4. He suffered very little. 12. His condition has degenerated.

He experienced very little There has been a
5. We operated immediately. 13. The patient was referred to a specialist.

The The patient was given a
6. This disease cannot be cured. 14. His arm was paralysed after the stroke.
There is no He suffered
7. He has recovered fully. 15. The artery was obstructed by a blood clot.
He has made a full The blood clot was forming an
8. The lab analysed the blood sample.

The lab made an
2
Two-word expressions
Unit 0000
Make 15 two-word expressions connected with medicine by combining words from the
two lists: A and B. Match each expression with the appropriate phrase. Use each word
once. The first one has been done for you as an example.
A B
allergic anaesthetic
balanced attack
bedside clock
biological death
bone diet
brain intervention
clinical manner
digestive marrow
general practitioner
general reaction
heart surgery
malignant system
plastic tooth
primary trial
surgical tumour
1. A condition in which the heart has a 9. An effect produced by a substance to which

reduced blood supply because one of the a person has an allergy, such as sneezing or
arteries becomes blocked by a blood clot, a skin rash.
causing myocardial ischaemia and
myocardial infarction
heart attack 10. A trial carried out in a medical laboratory on
a person or on tissue from a person.
2. A substance given to make someone lose
consciousness so that a major surgical
operation can be carried out 11. A tumour which is cancerous and can grow
again or spread into other parts of the
body, even if removed surgically.
3. Soft tissue in cancellous bone.
12. A doctor who provides first-line medical

4. The treatment of disease or other condition care for all types of illness to people who
by surgery. live locally, refers them to hospital if
necessary and encourages health
promotion.
5. Any one of the first twenty teeth which
develop in children between about six
months and two-and-a-half years of age, 13. The rhythm of daily activities and bodily
and are replaced by the permanent teeth at processes such as eating, defecating or
around the age of six. sleeping, frequently controlled by
hormones, which repeats every twenty-four
hours.
6. Surgery to repair damaged or malformed
parts of the body.
14. The set of organs such as the stomach, liver
and pancreas which are associated with the
7. A condition in which the nerves in the brain digestion of food.
stem have died, and the person can be
certified as dead, although the heart may
not have stopped beating. 15. A diet that provides all the nutrients needed
in the correct proportions.
8. The way in which a doctor behaves towards

a patient, especially a patient who is in bed.
3
Unit 0000
Plural formation
In Column A of this table there are 25 nouns relating to medicine. For each of the nouns
decide whether the correct plural form is in Column B or Column C and then circle it.
The first question has been done for you as an example.
Column A Column B Column C
1. stratum stratums strata

2. foot foots feet
3. fibula fibulae fibulas
4. glomerulus glomerulae glomeruli
5. abscess abscesses abscessi
6. joint jointes joints
7. bulla bullae bullas
8. testis testises testes
9. septum septa septums
10. oesophagus oesophaguses oesophagi
11. diagnosis diagnoses diagnosises
12. humerus humeruses humeri
13. syringe syringes syringae
14. acetabulum acetabula acetabulums
15. larva larvae larvi
16. chorda chordas chordae
17. varix varices varixi
18. fungus fungi funguses
19. ganglion ganglions ganglia
20. villus villi villae
21. atrium atria atriums
22. pons pontes ponses
23. ovum ovums ova
24. bout bouts boutae
25. cortex cortexes cortices
4
Word formation: adjectives
Unit 0000
The italicised words in the sentences in Column A are all nouns. What are the adjective
forms? Complete the sentences in Column B using the correct adjective forms.
Column A Column B
1. The surgeons operated to repair the The surgeons operated to repair the
defect on the patient's heart valve. patient's …
2. His diet has a calcium deficiency. His diet is calcium-…
3. She has a physical dependence on She is physically …

amphetamines.
4. The doctor noted an excess of bile in The doctor noted an …

the patient's blood.
5. An attack of hypoglycaemia can be A…

prevented by eating glucose or a lump
of sugar when feeling faint.
6. The vaccine should give immunity to The vaccine should make you …
tuberculosis.
7. They have periods of complete They have periods when they are
inactivity. completely …
8. The pain in his foot is so great that he His foot is so …

can hardly walk.
9. I injured my spine in the crash. I suffered …
10. She complained of stiffness in the She complained of …

joints.
5
Unit 0000
Word association 2: partnerships
Exercise 1.
Link each verb on the left with a noun on the right to make 10 'partnerships'. The first
one has been done for you as an example.
Verbs Nouns
1. administer an improvement
2. analyse a baby
3. arrange antibiotics
4. burp the treatment
5. catch some infections
6. detect an appointment
7. discontinue a sample
8. ease the pain
9. resist a drug
10. prescribe a cold
Exercise 2.
Complete these sentences using the partnerships from Exercise 1. You may have to make
some changes to fit the grammar of the sentences. The first one has been done for you
as an example.
1. The doctor will administer a drug to the patient.
2. She was ____________________ .
3. As soon as the patient reported severe side-effects, the doctor ___________________ .
4. I've ____________________ from one of my colleagues at work.
5. The laboratory ____________________ of the food and found traces of bacteria.
6. A healthy body can ____________________ .
7. I would like to ____________________ with the dental hygienist for 10.00am tomorrow.
8. She had an injection to ____________________ in her leg.
9. The health visitor advised the new parents to ____________________ after feeding.
10. The nurses _____________________ in the patient's condition.
6
Opposites 1:
Unit
prefixes
0000
Exercise 1.
English often uses prefixes to create opposites. There are several different prefixes that are
used. Choose the right prefix for each of the adjectives below and write them into the
table. The first one has been done for you:
active adequate coherent compatible complete

conscious controllable dependent digested direct fertile fit healthy
hygienic legal movable operable palpable pure qualified reducible
regular sanitary soluble stable well
il- im- in- ir- un-

1. 1. 1. inactive 1. 1.
2. 2. 2. 2.
3. 3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
6. 6.
7. 7.
8. 8.
9. 9.
10.
11.
Exercise 2.
Use ten of the adjectives in the table to complete these sentences. The first one has been
done for you as an example.
1. He was found unconscious in the street.
2. He felt ________________ and had to go home.
3. The serum makes the poison ________________.
4. The children have a very _______________ diet.
5. The nurse noted that the patient had developed an ________________ pulse.
6. She used to play a lot of tennis, but she became ________________ in the winter.
7. The surgeon decided that the cancer was ________________.
8. Cholera spread rapidly because of the ________________ conditions in the town.
9. The patient was showing signs of an ________________ mental condition.
10. She has an ________________ desire to drink alcohol.
Extension. Work with a partner and test each other. One partner closes the book, while
the other asks questions such as "What's the opposite of conscious?".
7
Unit 0000
Word formation: verbs
Exercise 1.
The words listed in the table below are nouns. What are the verb forms of these nouns?
1. abuse abuse 16. perspiration
2. admission 17. preparation
3. bandage 18. provision
4. blood 19. reabsorption
5. breath 20. regeneration
6. coagulation 21. registration
7. consultation 22. regurgitation
8. convalescence 23. rehabilitation
9. fertilisation 24. reproduction
10. identification 25. resuscitation
11. immunisation 26. sedation
12. implant 27. stammer
13. maceration 28. stitch
14. management 29. suppression
15. occurrence 30. sweat
Exercise 2.
Choose ten verbs from Exercise 1 and write a sentence below for each one. Write the
correct form of each verb in the column on the right and leave gaps for the verbs in the
sentences. Cover up the right-hand column and give the sentences to another student as
a test. For example:
She ……………. with her local GP. registered
1. ………………………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………………………
4. ………………………………………………………………………
5. ………………………………………………………………………
6. ………………………………………………………………………
7. ………………………………………………………………………
8. ………………………………………………………………………
9. ………………………………………………………………………
10. ………………………………………………………………………
8
Word association 3: mind
Unit maps
0000
A mind map is a way of organising vocabulary to show the connections between words.
This mind map is based on the word 'surgery'.
general anaesthetic
heart surgery local anaesthetic
major surgery
heart surgeon anaesthetist
surgeon
surgery exploratory surgery
scrub up incision
operate
consultant theatre nurse
operation
A & E department scalpel
surgical instruments
ambulance operating table
accident operating theatre surgical gloves
Exercise 1.
Find words and expressions in the mind map that fit the following definitions.
1. A special room in a hospital, where surgical operations are carried out ………………..
2. A nurse who is specially trained to assist a surgeon during an operation ………………..
3. The part of a hospital which deals with people who need urgent treatment because they have had
accidents or are in sudden serious pain ………………..
4. Surgical operations involving important organs in the body ………………..
5. A doctor who specialises in surgery ………………..
6. An anaesthetic which removes the feeling in a single part of the body only ………………..
7. A senior specialised doctor in a hospital ………………..
8. A surgical operation to remedy a condition of the heart ………………..
9. To clean the hands and arms thoroughly before performing surgery ………………..
10. The treatment of diseases or disorders by procedures which require an operation to cut into, to
remove or to manipulate tissue, organs or parts ………………..
Exercise 2.
Design a mind map for one or more of the following:
health
hospital
patient
9
Unit 0000
Nouns
There are 20 nouns connected with medicine in the box below. Use them to complete the
sentences - in some cases you will need to make them plural. The first one has been done
for you as an example.
accident allergy ambulance biopsy consent course examination excess

exercise injection intake overdose paroxysm progress rash recurrence
surgery tendency treatment vaccination
1. He developed an allergy to penicillin.
2. He suffered _______________ of coughing in the night.
3. She went into a coma after an _______________ of heroin.
4. The patient will need plastic _______________ to remove the scars he received in the accident.
5. She took a _______________ of steroid treatment.
6. He had a _______________ of a fever which he had caught in the tropics.
7. There is a _______________ to obesity in her family.
8. From the _______________ of the X-ray photographs, it seems that the tumour has not spread.
9. The doctor gave him an _______________ to relieve the pain.
10. He doesn't take enough _______________: that's why he's fat.
11. The injured man was taken away in an _______________.
12. She was advised to reduce her _______________ of sugar.
13. The _______________ of the tissue from the growth showed that it was benign.
14. The parents gave their _______________ for their son's heart to be used in the transplant
operation.
15. The doctors seem pleased that she has made such good _______________ since her operation.
16. This is a new _______________ for heart disease.
17. Her body could not cope with an _______________ of blood sugar.
18. Three people were injured in the _______________ on the motorway.
19. _______________ is mainly given against cholera, diphtheria, rabies, smallpox, tuberculosis and
typhoid.
20. She had a high temperature and then broke out in a _______________ .
10
Adjectives
Unit 00001
Complete the sentences using the adjectives in the box. Use each adjective once only. The
first one has been done for you as an example.
aware compatible confused delicate depressed hoarse hygienic

inactive inborn incipient infectious inoperable insanitary lethal
motionless poisonous predisposed regular safe severe
1. This is a safe painkiller, with no harmful side-effects.
2. Some mushrooms are good to eat and some are ______________ .
3. The surgeons are trying to find a donor with a ______________ blood group.
4. The surgeon decided that the cancer was ______________ .
5. These fumes are ______________ if inhaled.
6. The body has an ______________ tendency to reject transplanted organs.
7. The tests detected ______________ diabetes mellitus.
8. The serum makes the poison ______________.
9. A ______________ outbreak of whooping cough occurred during the winter.
10. Old people can easily become ______________ if they are moved from their homes.
11. Catatonic patients can sit ______________ for hours.
12. Don't touch food with dirty hands: it isn't ______________.
13. All the members of the family are ______________ to vascular diseases.
14. She is not ______________ of what is happening around her.
15. The bones of a baby's skull are very ______________.
16. Cholera spread rapidly because of the ______________ conditions in the town.
17. He was ______________ after his exam results.
18. He was advised to make ______________ visits to the dentist.
19. This strain of flu is highly ______________.
20. He became ______________ after shouting too much.
11
Unit 0000 2
Adjectives
Complete the sentences using the adjectives in the box. Use each adjective once only. The
first one has been done for you as an example.
acute bedridden critical deaf depressed excessive harmful infirm

inflamed latent lethal mobile obsessive painful persistent premature
severed subjective tender viable
1. These fumes are lethal if inhaled.
2. The report was _______________ of the state of aftercare provision.
3. She had a _______________ cough.
4. The psychiatrist gave a _______________ opinion on the patient's problem.
5. My grandfather is quite _______________ now.
6. The skin has become _______________ around the sore.
7. It is important for elderly patients to remain _______________.
8. His foot is so _______________ he can hardly walk.
9. A fetus is _______________ by about the 28th week of the pregnancy.
10. You have to speak slowly and clearly when you speak to Mr Jones because he's quite ________ .
11. The baby was born five weeks _______________ .
12. The patient was passing _______________ quantities of urine.
13. He felt _______________ chest pains.
14. He is _______________ and has to be looked after by a nurse.
15. The children were tested for _______________ viral infection.
16. He has an _______________ desire to steal small objects.
17. Her shoulders are still _______________ where she got sunburnt.
18. Surgeons tried to sew the _______________ finger back onto the patient's hand.
19. She was _______________ for weeks after the death of her husband.
20. Bright light can be _______________ to your eyes.
12
Unit
Verbs
0000
1
The sentences in Column A contain examples of useful verbs in medicine. In Column B
there are definitions of the verbs. Read the examples and match the verbs (in italics) with
the definitions. Then write the infinitive forms into the spaces in the definitions in Column
B. The first one has been done for you as an example.
Column A: Examples Column B: Definitions
1. After the accident the passengers a) diagnose means to identify a

were treated in hospital for cuts. condition or illness, by examining the
person and noting symptoms
2. Nurses dressed the wounds of the b) _________ means to to use medical

accident victims. methods to cure a disease or help a
sick or injured person to recover
3. He specialises in children with c) _________ means to make someone

breathing problems. healthy
d) _________ means to put someone or

4. She suffers from headaches. something at risk
e) _________ means to give instructions

5. She was vaccinated against smallpox for a person to get a specific dosage
as a child. of a drug or a specific form of
therapeutic treatment
6. Some forms of cancer cannot be f) _________ means to study or treat

cured. one particular disease or one
particular type of patient
7. The calamine lotion will soothe the g) _________ means to have an illness
rash. for a long period of time
h) _________ means to treat a person

8. The doctor diagnosed appendicitis. for a condition by cutting open the
body and removing a part which is
diseased or repairing a part which is
9. The doctor prescribed a course of not functioning correctly
antibiotics.
i) _________ means to introduce
vaccine into a person's body in order
10. The drug suppresses the body's to make the body create its own
natural instinct to reject the antibodies, so making the person
transplanted tissue. immune to the disease
j) _________ means to relieve pain

11. The operation may endanger the life
of the patient. k) _________ means to clean a wound
and put a covering over it
12. The surgeons decided to operate as l) _________ means to reduce the

the only way of saving the baby's action of something completely, e.g.
life. to remove a symptom or to stop the
release of a hormone
13
Unit 0000
Verbs 2
The sentences in Column A contain examples of useful verbs in medicine. In Column B
there are definitions of the verbs. Read the examples and match the verbs (in italics) with
the definitions. Then write the infinitive forms into the spaces in the definitions in Column
B. The first one has been done for you as an example.
Column A: Examples Column B: Definitions
1. He was admitted this morning. a) _________ means to pass from one

place to another
2. The cancer is not responding to
drugs. b) _________ means to damage or hurt
someone or something
3. He was still limping three weeks after
the accident. c) _________ means to go through or
into something
4. The doctors saved the little boy from
dying of cancer. d) _________ means to make a hole
through something
5. The end of the broken bone has
penetrated the liver. e) _________ means to investigate the
inside of something
6. The new heart has performed very
well. f) _________ means to stop someone
from being hurt or killed
7. The patient was transferred to a
special unit. g) _________ means to walk awkwardly
because of pain, stiffness or
8. She fainted when she saw the blood. malformation of a leg or foot
9. The surgeon probed the wound with

a scalpel. h) admit means to register a
patient in a hospital
10. Walking to work every day won't
harm you. i) _________ means to stop something
from happening
11. The treatment is given to prevent the
patient's condition from getting j) _________ means to react to
worse. something or to begin to get better
because of a treatment
12. The ulcer perforated the duodenum.
k) _________ means to stop being
conscious for a short time and,
usually, fall down
l) _________ means to work
14
Verbs: past tense ~ regular
Unit verbs
0000
All the verbs in the box relate to medical matters. Use the past tense forms to complete the
sentences. The first question has been done for you as an example.
adapt aggravate develop examine faint fracture prolong react

receive recover require strain suffer tremble weigh
1. He received a new kidney from his brother.
2. He ___________ his back lifting the table.
3. She ___________ from her concussion in a few days.
4. It was so hot standing in the sun that he ___________ .
5. The doctors decided that her condition ___________ surgery.
6. She ___________ from poor circulation, which made her feel the cold.
7. She ___________ well to her new diet.
8. The embryo ___________ quite normally in spite of the mother's illness.
9. His tibia ___________ in two places.
10. The patient ___________ badly to the penicillin.
11. The nurse ___________ the baby on the scales.
12. The treatment ___________ her life by three years.
13. Playing football only ___________ his knee injury.
14. The doctor ___________ the boy's throat.
15. His hands ___________ with the cold.
15
Unit 0000
Verbs: mixed tenses
All the verbs in the box relate to medical matters. Use them to complete the sentences. You
may have to change the forms of the verbs to fit the grammar of the sentences.
(Remember the five forms of English verbs - for example: take, takes, took, taken, taking.)
amputate bite bruise burn control expel freeze heal hurt

measure overcome progress rebuild undergo visit
1. I am going to visit my brother in hospital.
2. She ___________ her disabilities and now leads a normal life.
3. After the accident her pelvis was completely ___________.
4. She has ___________ several operations.
5. They ___________ my big toe to remove the nail.
6. She ___________ her knee on the corner of the table.
7. A thermometer ___________ temperature.
8. Air is ___________ from the lungs when a person breathes out.
9. His arm is ___________ so much he can't write.
10. A minor cut will ___________ faster if it is left without a bandage.
11. The girl ___________ her hand on a hot frying pan.
12. He ___________ his asthma with a bronchodilator.
13. The patient's leg needs to be ___________ below the knee.
14. She was ___________ by an insect.
15. The doctor asked how the patient was ___________ .
16
Phrasal
Unit verbs
0000
Natural English conversation includes many phrasal verbs. These are verbs made up of two
words: a verb and a preposition. For example: 'I get up at eight o'clock'. Complete the
sentences below using the phrasal verbs in the box. You will have to change the forms of
some of the verbs to make the grammar of the sentence correct. The first one has been
1. He got over his cold. Phrasal verbs
2. The nurses are _______________her very well. break down = to start to cry and
become upset
3. He must have _______________ the disease when he was
bring up = to cough up material
travelling in Africa. such as mucus from the lungs or
throat
4. She often _______________ in front of the TV.
cough up = to cough hard to expel
5. When we told her that her father was ill, she a substance from the trachea
_______________.
drop off = to fall asleep
6. She _______________ and cried as she described the get around = to move about
symptoms to the doctor.
get over = to become better after
7. He _______________ his father. an illness or a shock
give up = not to do something any

8. The doctor asked him to _______________ his shirt. more
9. He was _______________ mucus. go down = to become smaller
10. Since she had the accident she _______________ using knock out = to hit someone so
hard that he or she is no longer
crutches.
conscious
11. I was advised to _______________ smoking. look after = to take care of a

person and attend to his or her
12. He was _______________ by a blow to the head. needs
pass out = to faint

13. The nurse _______________ the patient with pillows.
pick up = to catch a disease
14. The swelling has started to _______________.
prop up = to support a person, e.g.
15. She became worried when the girl started _______________ with pillows
blood.
take after = to be like one or other
parent
take off = to remove something,

especially clothes
Extension. Work with a partner: write a dialogue which includes at least seven of the
phrasal verbs from this page.
17
Unit 0000
Verbs: active/passive
Change the sentences below from active to passive tense. For example:
Active: The GP referred the patient to a consultant.
Passive: The patient was referred to a consultant by the GP.
Remember that it is not always necessary to mention the subject in a passive sentence. For
example:
Active: We have identified the cause of this outbreak of dysentery.
Passive: The cause of this outbreak of dysentery has been identified.
1. The nurse noticed a rise in the patient's pulse rate.

Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The consultant is allowing him to watch the operation.

Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. All chemists sell the tablets.

Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. The doctor diagnosed appendicitis.

Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The paramedics comforted the injured person until the ambulance arrived.
Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. The midwife delivered the twins.

Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. The gland was producing an excess of hormones.

Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. They looked after him very well in hospital.

Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. We examined the tissue under the microscope.

Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. The doctor gave me an unpleasant mixture to drink.

Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. You cannot take the lotion orally.

Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Toxic fumes poisoned the workers.

Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. Doctors are predicting a rise in cases of whooping cough.

Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. The drug suppresses the body's natural instinct to reject the transplanted tissue.
Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
18
Unit
Adverbs
0000
The sentences below do not read correctly. Identify the adverbs in the sentences and then
swap the adverbs around so that each sentence makes sense.
Some of the adverbs could be used in several of the sentences.
1. The bandage was medicinally tied around her wrist.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Immediately, she is very advanced for her age.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. If the patient sweats fairly, it may be necessary to cool his body with cold compresses.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. The tumour is excessively placed and not easy to reach.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. She manages all her patients very mentally.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. The relief team loosely requires more medical supplies.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. This is a physically antiseptic solution.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Mildly he is very weak, but his mind is still alert.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. He became ill efficiently after he came back from holiday.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. The herb can be used awkwardly.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. He has been working as a doctor only for a severely short time.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Her breathing was urgently affected.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
19
Unit 0000
Prepositions
The sentences in this exercise contain mistakes. The mistakes are all in the prepositions
and there are three types:
1. missing preposition I spoke ^him about this last week. to

2. wrong preposition We're meeting again in ^Tuesday. on
3. unnecessary preposition I'll telephone to you tomorrow.
Find the mistakes and correct them.

1. The hospital has installed new apparatus through the physiotherapy department.
2. Her lips were cracked of the cold.
3. The boy's little toe was crushed the door.
4. The tissue was examined on the microscope.
5. It is important that needles used at injections should be sterilised.
6. He is recovering from a bout flu.
7. She was given to a pain-killing injection.
8. Some types of wool can irritate to the skin.
9. This report quotes the number of cases of cervical cancer from thousand patients tested.
10. The doctor put the patient to sleep within a strong narcotic.
11. She burnt her hand at the hot frying pan.
12. We have no spare beds on the hospital at the moment.
13. He will have an operation to remove of an ingrowing toenail.
14. Please ensure that the patient takes of his medicine.
20
Word
Unit
stress
00001
One of the keys to English pronunciation is stress - emphasis. There are three possible
patterns for three-syllable words: Group A:
A: hos-pi-tal 1
B: pre-scrip-tion 2
C: rec-om-mend
3
Read these five conversations. Find all the three-syllable
words and classify them by their pronunciation. There are 4
27 in total. Put them in the correct sections of the table on 5
the right. The first one has been done for you as an
example. 6
7
Dialogue 1
When was she admitted to hospital? 8
At about four o'clock.
Has there been any improvement? 9
No, her condition is stable. We're waiting to see how
things develop. 10
Dialogue 2 11
What do you recommend?
Well, first of all: cut down on fatty foods. 12
And what else?
13
Take regular exercise, don't smoke and keep alcohol
down to a minimum.
Group B:
1 admitted
Dialogue 3
What's the problem? 2
I went to give him his injection and I saw that he'd
started to haemorrhage. 3
We'll have to operate. Make sure all the
equipment is prepared. 4
I'll go down to the theatre and check.
5
Dialogue 4
So, is it serious? 6
Don't worry. It's probably just an allergic reaction.
7
Are you just saying that to reassure me?
You're fine. Look, I'm going to give you a prescription 8
for some painkillers…
9
Dialogue 5
Have you got the test results yet? 10
Well, they're still incomplete, but it's clear that it's
positive. 11
Any idea when infection took place?
I'd say five or six weeks ago, but that's just an opinion. Group C:
Do you want to see her medical history? 1
2
Extension. Practise the dialogues with a partner.
3
21
Unit 0000
Word stress 2
One of the keys to English pronunciation is stress - emphasis. There are three normal
patterns for four-syllable words:
A: vac-ci-na-ted B: pneu-mo-ni-a C: in-flu-en-za
Exercise 1. Complete the sentences below Exercise 2. Decide which pronunciation

using the four-syllable words in the table. The first question pattern is correct for each of the words in
has been done for you as an example. the table and tick the appropriate column.
1. She appeared to be improving, but a complication set
in and she died a few hours later. A B C

2. Bell's Palsy causes facial ______________.
anaesthetic
3. Come right now: it's an ______________!
analysis
4. The patient was having difficulties breathing so we put
him on a ___________. circulation
5. She had an ______________ to replace the cornea.
communicate
6. He was given a general _____________ before the
surgeons began work. compatible
7. As a precaution against AIDS we use ___________ complication

needles.
coordinate
8. He can't take aspirin: he has an ______________
to it. dehydration
9. Rub your hands together to get the ______________ demonstrated
going.
10. He couldn't ______________ the movements of his arms disposable

and legs.
emergency
11. An ______________ was organised to test the drug on a
small group of people. experiment
12. Tests confirmed the _____________ of the growth. intolerance

13. This is the allergen which was _____________ for the malignancy
patient's reaction.
14. ______________ showed that the food contained operation

bacteria.
paralysis
15. The surgeons are trying to find a ______________ donor.
penicillin
16. A diet high in _____________ fats increases the risk of
heart disease. respirator
17. The surgeon ___________ to the students how to make responsible

the incision.
saturated
18. As many as 60-70% of diarrhoeal deaths are caused by
______________.
19. Autistic children do not ______________ with anyone.
20. _____________ is a common antibiotic produced from a

fungus.
22
Present
Unitsimple
0000
Verbs in the present tense add an 's' in the third person singular: I work, you work, he/she/it
works. But the 's' has three different pronunciations. Look at these examples:
A: /s/, for example treats

B: /z/, for example heals
C: /z/, for example changes
Find the third person present tense verbs in these sentences and classify them by their
pronunciation. Put them in the correct columns in the table on the right. Be careful: some
sentences have more than one example. There are 27 verbs in total. The first one has been
completed for you as an example.
1. The patient breathes with difficulty and coughs and
sneezes constantly. Group A: /s/
1…………………………
2. This drug helps to alleviate the symptoms and reduces the 2…………………………
risk of reinfection. 3…………………………
4…………………………
3. A person whose resistance is low catches diseases more easily. 5…………………………
6…………………………
4. When someone panics his heart beats more rapidly and his 7…………………………
temperature rises. 8…………………………
9…………………………
5. The laboratory analyses the blood samples and then the doctor
examines the results and diagnoses the condition.
Group B: /z/
1.…breathes………… .
6. He then recommends a course of treatment and prescribes any
necessary drugs. 2…………………………
3…………………………
7. This drug relaxes the muscles and relieves pain. 4…………………………
5…………………………
8. The gland releases hormones into the bloodstream, causing 6…………………………
an immediate reaction. 7…………………………
8…………………………
9. If the patient sleeps well, he wakes feeling refreshed. 9…………………………
10. She suffers constant pain and controls it by using morphine. Group C: /z/
1…………………………
11. This treatment counteracts the effects of the infection.
2…………………………
3…………………………
12. It is a procedure which cures the condition or kills the patient.
4…………………………
13. If the surgeon operates now the chance of success increases to 5…………………………
about 50%. 6…………………………
7…………………………
14. The sinoatrial node regulates the heart beat. 8…………………………
9…………………………
Extension. The same rule applies to plural nouns: /s/ patients, /z/ doctors, /z/ nurses.
Work with a partner and find five example nouns for each sound.
23
Unit tense
Past 0000
Regular verbs have three different pronunciations in the past tense (or the past participle).
The difference is in the sound you use for the ending. Look at these examples:
A: /t/, for example placed

B: /d/, for example examined
C: /d/, for example injected
Find the past tense verbs in these sentences and classify them by their pronunciation. Put
them in the correct columns in the table on the right. Be careful: some sentences have
more than one verb. There are 23 examples in total. The first one has been done for you as
an example.
1. She was vaccinated against smallpox as a child.

Group A: /t/
2. The doctor diagnosed him as having hepatitis B. 1…………………………
2…………………………
3. Her condition improved, so we reduced the dose. 3…………………………
4…………………………
4. He consulted a specialist, who recommended surgery.
5…………………………
5. The patient coughed and sneezed all through the consultation. 6…………………………
7…………………………
6. The surgeons replaced her hip with a metal one. 8…………………………
7. The doctor prescribed a course of antibiotics. Group B: /d/

1…………………………
8. The doctor's speedy action prevented further complications.
2…………………………
9. The pharmacist mixed the chemicals in this bottle. 3…………………………

4…………………………
10. The surgeons operated immediately on the child. 5…………………………
6…………………………
11. He was completely cured. 7…………………………
12. The nurse disinfected and dressed the wound.

Group C: /d/
13. She was treated by a heart specialist. 1…vaccinated…..…….

2..................……………
14. His pulse rate increased by 10%. 3…………………………
4…………………………
15. The attack was preceded by a rise in body temperature. 5…………………………
6…………………………
16. The surgical instruments were sterilised before use.
7…………………………
17. Nobody noticed that the patient's blood pressure had dropped. 8…………………………
18. The surgeon probed the wound with a scalpel.
24
Good
Unitadvice
0000
These sentences all give very good advice, but they have been divided into separate halves.
Match the half-sentences in Column A with the half-sentences in Column B to make 14
sentences which are correct, complete and true.
Column A Column B
1. Regular exercise is ... a) ... burn easily in the sun.
2. A balanced diet should ... b) ... cause back pain.
c) ... be inoculated against

3. Medicines should ... diphtheria.
4. A patient in shock should ... d) ... be kept out of the reach of

children.
5. Not taking any exercise is ...

e) ... be kept warm and lying
down.
6. Reading in bad light can ...
f) ... about 2.5 litres of fluid each
day.
7. You should do ...
g) ... good for the heart.

8. A normal adult should drink ...
h) ... five minutes'

9. HIV can be transmitted ... exercise every morning.
i) ... be sterilised before use.

10. Bad posture can ...
j) ... make the eyes ache.

11. People with fair complexions ...
k) ... provide all the nutrients

12. Surgical instruments must ... needed, in the correct
proportions.
13. Babies should ... l) ... an unhealthy way of living.
m) ... be by pressure and

elevation.
14. Haemorrhage control routinely
should ... n) ... by using non-sterile needles.
Extension. Working with a partner, write five pieces of medical advice.
25
Unit 0000meanings
Multiple
Some words have more than one meaning. For example, the word pulse means the
pressure wave in an artery when the heart beats, but it also refers to a certain type of
vegetable: beans and peas. In the table below 19 meanings appear in the column on the
left. Match each meaning to one of the seven words across the top. The first one has been
cold fit focus light notice patient turn
1. A person who is in hospital or who is
being treated by a doctor.
2. To attach an appliance correctly.
3. The point where light rays converge

through a lens.
4. To see or be aware of something.
5. To change into something different.
6. Weighing a comparatively small amount.
7. An illness, with inflammation of the nasal

passages, in which someone sneezes and
coughs and has a blocked and running
nose.
8. The centre of an infection.
9. To move the head or body to face in

another direction.
10. Being able to wait a long time without

getting annoyed.
11. A piece of writing giving information,
usually put in a place where everyone
can see it.
12. To have convulsions.
13. A slight illness or attack of dizziness.
14. A sudden attack of a disorder, especially

convulsions and epilepsy.
15. The energy that makes things bright and

helps a person to see.
16. To adjust a lens until an image is clear

and sharp.
17. Strong and physically healthy.
18. Not warm or hot.

19. Referring to hair or skin which is very
pale.
26
Odd
Unit
one0000
out
In each set of words one is the odd one out: different from the others. Find the word that
is different, and circle it.
For example:
callosum.................... cerebellum................... colliculus.................... coccyx..........................
Coccyx is the odd one out. It is a bone; the others are all parts of the brain.
1. aching..................... bleeding.................. nagging................... throbbing................
2. hand....................... kidney..................... leg........................... liver.........................
3. ankle....................... elbow..................... knee........................ forearm...................
4. ear.......................... eye......................... face......................... nose........................
5. nurse....................... orderly..................... surgeon................... patient....................
6. bandage.................. forceps.................... probe...................... scalpel.....................
7. expiration................ inspiration............... respiration............... supination...............
8. cataracts.................. eyelids..................... nearsightedness....... strabismus...............
9. improve................... get better................ recover.................... relapse....................
10. iris........................... lens......................... palm........................ pupil........................
11. oval window............ semicircular canals... tympanic membrane vertebral column.....
12. aluminium............... copper.................... iron......................... zinc.........................
13. break....................... crack....................... fracture................... wound....................
14. metacarpal bone..... nasal bone............... occipital bone.......... zygomatic arch........
15. liver......................... heart....................... pancreas.................. spleen.....................
16. bite......................... chew....................... swallow................... taste........................
17. hepatalgia……..….. hernia……………… liver………………. hepatocyte……..….
18. epidermis………….. pore……………….. dermis………..…… diabetes……..……
27
Unit 0000
Body parts - categories
In this table there are 38 words for parts of the body and six categories. Decide which
category or categories each part belongs to. The first one has been done for you as an
example.
arm hand leg foot torso head
abdomen x
Achilles tendon
ankle
buttock
calf
chest
chin
ear
elbow
eye
eyebrow
eyelash
eyelid
finger
forearm
forehead
gum
hip
knee
knuckle
lip
nail
navel
neck
nipple
nose
palm
rib
scalp
shoulder
sole
temple
thigh
thumb
toe
tongue
tooth
wrist
28
Opposites 2
Exercise 1.
Match the words in italics with their opposites in the box on the right. The first one has
been done for you as an example.
1. The opposite of back is ……front…………………… alive
2. The opposite of acute is ……………………………… chronic
3. The opposite of dead is ………………………………… closed
4. The opposite of improve is …………………………….. deteriorate
5. The opposite of healthy is ……………………………… front
6. The opposite of open is ………………………………… ill
7. The opposite of major is ……………………………… increase
8. The opposite of reduce is …………………………….. malignant
9. The opposite of smooth is ……………………………. minor
10. The opposite of benign is ………………………………. rough
Exercise 2.
Complete these sentences using the words from Exercise 1. Use one word from each pair
of opposites.
1. She had an ________________ attack of shingles.
2. He became excited, causing his pulse rate to ________________.
3. He was very ill, but now his condition has begun to ________________.
4. The calf muscles are at the ________________ of the lower leg.
5. She put cream on her hands, which were ________________ from heavy work.
6. The tumour is ________________ and so may reappear even if removed surgically.
7. The hospital is ________________ to visitors from noon to five o'clock.
8. The doctor arrived too late: the patient was already ________________.
9. There's nothing wrong with you: you're completely ________________.
10. He had to undergo ________________ surgery on his heart.
the other asks questions such as "What's the opposite of back?".
29
Abbreviations
Test your medical abbreviations. What do the following stand for? Check the ones you
don't know in the dictionary. The first one has been done for you as an example.
1. A&E ……Accident & Emergency…………..............………………………………………………
2. AIDS ……………………………………………………….................…………………………………
3. BMR …………………………………………………………………….................……………………
4. CAT ………………………………………………………………………………….................………
5. CHD ………………………………………………………………………………………….................
6. D&V ………………………………………………………………………………………….................
7. DOA ………………………………………………………………………………………….................
8. GP .............…………………………………………………………………………………………....
9. HAV ………………………………………………………………………………………….................
10. HIV ………………………………………………………………………………………….................
11. MND .............…………………………………………………………………………………………....
12. OTC ………………………………………………………………………………………….................
13. PM .............…………………………………………………………………………………………....
14. PMA ………………………………………………………………………………………….................
15. PMT ………………………………………………………………………………………….................
16. RQ .............…………………………………………………………………………………………....
17. RSI .............…………………………………………………………………………………………....
18. SAD ………………………………………………………………………………………….................
19. SIDS ………………………………………………………………………………………….................
20. STI …………….………..………………………………………………………………….................
21. TB .............…………………………………………………………………………………………....
22. TBI .............…………………………………………………………………………………………....
23. UV .............…………………………………………………………………………………………....
24. VDH ………………………………………………………………………………………….................
25. WHO ………………………………………………………………………………………….................
the other asks questions such as "What does A & E stand for?".
30
Symptoms & common illnesses 1
These words are all used to talk about illnesses: their symptoms and effects. Tick the ones
you understand. Check the others in the dictionary.
1. allergic reaction 6. inflammation 11. resistance
2. blister 7. itchy 12. runny nose
3. cough 8. malformation 13. sneeze
4. fever 9. malaise 14. spot
5. infectious 10. rash 15. swelling
Read the descriptions below and match them to the names of the illnesses in the box on
the right.
1. An infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract with fever and
allergic rhinitis
muscular aches, which is transmitted by a virus and can occur in
coryza
epidemics.
infectious parotitis
……………………………………………………………………
influenza
pertussis
2. A common infectious viral disease of children, with mild fever,
rubella
swollen lymph nodes and a rash. It can cause stillbirth or
rubeola
malformation of an unborn baby if the mother catches the
varicella
disease while pregnant.
……………………………………………………………………
3. An illness, with inflammation of the nasal passages, in which someone sneezes and coughs and
has a blocked and running nose.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. An infectious disease of children, caused by a herpes virus, and characterised by fever and red
spots which turn to itchy blisters.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. An infectious disease of children where the body is covered with a red rash. It can weaken the
body's resistance to other disease, especially bronchitis and ear infections. If caught by an adult it
can be very serious.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. An infectious disease of children, with fever and swellings in the salivary glands, caused by a
paramyxovirus.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. An infectious disease affecting the bronchial tubes, common in children and sometimes very
serious. The patient coughs very badly and makes a characteristic 'whoop' when inhaling after a
coughing fit.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Inflammation in the nose and eyes caused by an allergic reaction to plant pollen, mould spores,
dust mites or animal hair.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
31
Symptoms & common illnesses 2
Exercise 1.
Many illnesses also have informal names. Match the informal and formal names listed
below. The first one has been done for you as an example.
INFORMAL FORMAL
1. Chickenpox is the same as allergic rhinitis
2. A cold is the same as infectious parotitis
3. The flu is the same as coryza
4. German measles is the same as influenza
5. Hay fever is the same as rubella
6. Measles is the same as rubeola
7. Mumps is the same as pertussis
8. Whooping cough is the same as varicella
Exercise 2.
Complete these six conversations between doctors and patients by writing in the name of
the illness. Use the informal terms from the table above.
1. What seems to be the trouble? 4. How are you today?

My eyes and my nose are running all the Oh, not very well. I've got a cough and a
time. terrible cold.
I feel terrible. Do you have a fever?
When did this begin? Umm, yes I do.
At the beginning of July. It's probably a touch of ……………………
It's probably just ……………………………
5. What's the problem?

2. What's the problem? It's my daughter. She's got a fever and this
It's my son. He's got a rash and swelling in swelling.
his armpits. Where's the swelling?
Does he have a fever? In her throat.
Yes. It could be……………………………………
Hmm. He may have………………………
6. So, what can I do for you?

3. How are you feeling? It's the twins. They're covered in these
I've got this terrible cough. dreadful red spots.
Mm-hmm. Are they experiencing any itching?
And after I cough I make a noise when I try Yes, they are.
to breathe. It may be……………………………………
Sounds like …………………………………
Extension. Practise the conversations with a partner.
32
Diagnosis
Read the eleven descriptions which follow, using your dictionary as and when necessary.
What is the disease or illness being described in each case?
1. A disorder of the nervous system in which there are convulsions and loss of consciousness due to
disordered discharge of cerebral neurons.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. A condition where tissues die and decay, as a result of bacterial action, because the blood supply
has been lost through injury or disease of the artery.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. A condition where the lens of the eye gradually becomes hard and opaque.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. A progressive nervous disorder without a known cause which is a type of Parkinsonism, the main
symptoms of which are trembling hands, a slow shuffling walk and difficulty in speaking.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. An infectious disease in which infected lumps form in the tissue. Its commonest form is infection of
the lungs, causing patients to lose weight, cough blood and have a fever. It is caught by breathing
in germs or by eating contaminated food, especially unpasteurised milk.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. A hereditary disease in which there is malfunction of the exocrine glands such as the pancreas, in
particular those which secrete mucus, causing respiratory difficulties, male infertility and
malabsorption of food from the gastrointestinal tract.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. A progressive disease of the liver, often associated with alcoholism, in which healthy cells are
replaced by scar tissue.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. A serious, infectious disease of children. Its first symptoms are a sore throat, followed by a slight
fever, rapid pulse and swelling of the glands in the neck. A fibrous growth like a membrane forms
in the throat and can close the air passages. The disease is often fatal, either because the patient is
asphyxiated or because the heart becomes fatally weakened.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. A disorder of the brain, mainly due to brain damage occurring before birth, or due to lack of
oxygen during birth. The patient may have bad coordination of muscular movements, impaired
speech, hearing and sight, and sometimes mental retardation.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Inflammation of the membrane lining the intestines and the stomach, caused by a viral infection,
and resulting in diarrhoea and vomiting.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Extension. Write a description of a disease or illness and see if your partner can recognise
it.
33
How it works
Match the half-sentences in column A with the half-sentences in column B to make 18
sentences which are correct, complete and true. The first one has been done for you as an
example.
Column A Column B
1. Fluid accumulates in the tissue … a) ... the acetabulum at the hip and the tibia
at the knee.
2. The autonomic nervous system works ...
b) …the chest muscles relax and the lungs
3. Cartilage is thick connective tissue become smaller.
which …
c) ... as a man grows older.
4. A blood vessel is any tube (artery, vein,
capillary) that … d) … of patients suffering from dropsy.
5. The pituitary gland secretes hormones e) ... according to the ABO system.
that …
f) ... deoxygenated blood from the heart to
6. The femur joins … the lungs for oxygenation.
7. Expiration takes place when … g) ... lines the joints and acts as a cushion.
8. The pulmonary arteries take ... h) ... to digest fatty substances and to
neutralise acids.
9. The trachea runs …
i) … is about 72 beats a minute.
10. Bile is produced by the liver, stored in the
gall bladder and used … j) … derived from the carotid artery.
11. The colon is divided ... k) ... when a person is asleep or even
unconscious.
12. Holocrine glands ...
l) ... to human life.
13. The prostate gland tends to enlarge ...
m) … carries blood round the body.
14. The very high frequency waves of
ultrasound … n) … from the larynx to the lungs.
15. Oxygen is essential … o) ... can be used to detect and record

organs or growths inside the body.
16. The supply of blood to the sublingual
region is … p) ... into four distinct sections.
17. The normal adult pulse … q) ... are secretory only.
18. Blood groups may be classified … r) .… control the functioning of the other
glands.
34
Instruments and equipment
Match each of the following instruments and items of equipment with its correct
description below. The first one has been done for you as an example.
bandage catheter curette drain forceps gag hook pipette

probe scalpel sling splint stethoscope stretcher
syringe thermometer tourniquet wheelchair
1. wheelchair = a chair with wheels in which someone can sit and move around
2. __________ = a small sharp-pointed knife used in surgery
3. __________ = an instrument used to explore inside a cavity or wound
4. __________ = a surgical instrument with handles like a pair of scissors, made in different sizes and
with differently shaped ends, used for holding and pulling
5. __________ = a surgical instrument like a long thin spoon, used for scraping the inside of an
organ
6. __________ = a thin glass tube used for taking and measuring samples of liquid
7. __________ = an instrument or tight bandage wrapped round a limb to constrict an artery, so

reducing the flow of blood and stopping bleeding from a wound
8. __________ = a surgical instrument with a bent end used for holding structures apart in
operations
9. __________ = a tube used to remove liquid from the body
10. __________ = an instrument placed between the teeth to stop the mouth from closing
11. __________ = a medical instrument made of a tube with a plunger which either slides down inside
the tube, forcing the contents out through a needle as in an injection, or slides up the tube,
allowing a liquid to be sucked into it
12. __________ = a tube passed into the body along one of the passages in the body
13. __________ = a piece of cloth which is wrapped around a wound or an injured limb
14. __________ = a triangular bandage attached around the neck, used to support an injured arm and
prevent it from moving
15. __________ = a folding bed, with handles, on which an injured person can be carried by two
people
16. __________ = a stiff support attached to a limb to prevent a broken bone from moving
17. __________ = two earpieces connected to a tube and a metal disc, used to listen to sounds made
inside the body
18. __________ = an instrument for measuring temperature
Extension. Work with a partner and test each other. For example: "What do you call a
chair with wheels in which someone can sit and move around?"
35
Chemistry
What are the names for the symbols of the chemical elements and compounds in the table
below? Complete the 'name' column and connect each substance to the notes which refer
to it. The first one has been done for you as an example.
Symbol Name Notes
(a) acid found in the gastric juices which helps to break apart
1. Na ...sodium (e)...
the food
2. Ca ....................... (b) acid which forms cyanide
3. Pb ....................... (c) main alkaloid substance found in tobacco
(d) used as a contrast when taking X-ray photographs of soft

4. Ti .......................
tissue
5. Ba ....................... (e) the basic substance in salt
(f) metallic element which is the basis of a radioactive isotope

6. Zn .......................
used to treat cancer
(g) colourless gas with a sweet smell, used in combination with
7. Fe .......................
other gases as an anaesthetic in dentistry and surgery
(h) colourless gas which is present in air and essential to
8. Co .......................
human life
(i) one of the common non-metallic elements which is an
9. Cl ....................... essential component of living matter and organic chemical
compounds
(j) an essential part of the red pigment in red blood cells,
10. He .......................
found in liver and eggs
11. S ....................... (k) gas which combines with oxygen to form water
(l) heavy soft metallic element which is poisonous in

12. Au .......................
compounds
(m) very light gas used in combination with oxygen, especially
13. O .......................
to relieve asthma or sickness caused by decompression
14. H ....................... (n) light metallic element which does not corrode
(o) gas which is the main component of air and an essential

15. HCl .......................
part of protein
(p) metallic element which is the major component of bones
16. N .......................
and teeth
17. HCN ....................... (q) powerful greenish gas, used to sterilise water
(r) soft yellow-coloured precious metal, used as a compound

18. C .......................
in various drugs, and sometimes as a filling for teeth
19. N2O ....................... (s) white metallic trace element
20. C10H14N2 ....................... (t) yellow non-metallic element found in some amino acids
Extension. Check the pronunciation of the 20 elements and compounds, then work with
a partner to test each other: one person writes the symbol, while the other says the names.
36
Anagrams 1
Solve the anagrams by reading the clues and putting the letters in order to form words.
Write your answers in the grid to find the mystery word spelled by their initial letters.
1. Action of breathing……………………………………… RAEINOPRIST
2. Sensitivity to certain substances, such as pollen or dust AEGLLRY

which cause a physical reaction...…………………………
3. A female child of a parent………………………………… ADEGHRTU
4. Cut in a person's body made by a surgeon using a CIIINNOS

scalpel…………..............................................................
5. Surgical intervention………………………………………. AEINOOPRT
6. Study of the process of ageing and the diseases of old EGGLNOOORTY

people…….....................................................................
7. Becoming worse after seeming to get better…………… AEELPRS
8. Equipment used in a laboratory or hospital……………... AAAPPRSTU
9. Give instructions for a person to receive a specific BCEEIPRRS

dosage of a drug.…..….................................................
10. Place where sick or injured people are looked AHLIOPST

after…………….............................................................
11. Physical or mental activity………………………………… CEEEIRSX
12. The ability of a person not to get a disease……………….. ACEEINRSST
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Mystery word: a person specially trained to operate a machine to take X-ray photographs
37
Parts of the body crossword 1
All the answers in this crossword are parts of the body.
1 2 3 4 5
6 7
8 9 10
11 12 13
14 15 16
17
18
19 20
21
22 23
24
25
26 27
ACROSS DOWN
1. Joins the femur and the tibia (4) 1. It cleans your blood (6)
2. The organ into which food passes after 3. Main part of the body, without the arms,
being swallowed and where the process of legs and head (5)
digestion continues (7) 4. A major artery (5)
6. The first part of the small intestine (8) 5. Connected to 8 across, funnily enough (7)
8. Hinged joint in the arm (5)
7. Eye socket (5)
10. It grows on your head (4)
9. Narrow part of the body below the chest
11. The upper chambers of 18 across (5)
and above the buttocks (5)
12. Breathing organs (5)
12. The major detoxicating organ (5)
15. They carry blood to 11 across (5)
17. Part of the body with which a person sees 13. Hard growth which forms on the top
(3) surface at the end of each finger and toe
18. The organ which moves blood around your (4)
body (5) 14. Cheekbone (6)
21. Cell in the nervous system which transmits 16. Protects the brain (5)
impulses (6) 18. At the end of your arm (4)
22. An organ which secretes substances which 19. The throat or neck, major artery (7)
act elsewhere in the body (5) 20. The back of each joint on a person's hand
24. A white oily substance in the body, which (7)
stores energy and protects the body
23. Bundle of fibres which take impulses from
against cold (3)
one part of the body to another (5)
25. Tissue which forms the outside surface of
24. End part of the leg on which a person
the body (4)
stands (4)
26. Type of nerve ending or cell (8)
27. For hearing with (3)
38
Communicative crossword 1 sheet A
This crossword is not complete: you have only half the words. The other half are on sheet
B. Check that you know the words in your crossword. Then work with a partner who has
sheet B to complete the two crosswords. Follow these three rules:
1. Speak only in English.
2. Don't say the word in the crossword. "What's one across?"

씮 across, 앗 down
3. Don't show your crossword to your partner.
1 2 3 4
R A I S E
E T
5 6
H E A R T A T T A C K
N I H
7 8
G N
9 10 11
I A
N
12 13 14 15
H E A R G A S
E A
16
F G
17
N A I L I
E T
18 19
A P E X T
20
A A
21 22
R P L
23 24 25 26
S E R E T E
E G
27 28
L G
39
Communicative crossword 1 sheet B
A. Check that you know the words in your crossword. Then work with a partner who has
sheet A to complete the two crosswords. Follow these three rules:

1 2 3 4
S L E E P Y
C A
5 6
H T
I
7 8
Z Y G O T E
9 10 11
O P L A C E B O
P I Y V
12 13 14 15
H G E E
R L L R
16
E O G L A N D
17
N T S O
I T H S
18 19
A I E E
20
S C A N S
21 22
H
23 24 25 26
I N S P E C T
P I
27 28
S H O U L D E R L E G
40
Anagrams 2
Solve the anagrams by reading the clues and putting the letters in order to form words.
Write your answers in the grid to find the mystery word spelled by their initial letters.
1. Main part of the brain………………………………………. BCEEMRRU
2. Value calculated by adding together several quantities and AAEEGRV

dividing the total by the number of quantities……………
3. Effect produced by a stimulus……………………………… ACEINORT
4. Way of acting………………………………………………. ABEHIORUV
5 To notice or to see something and understand it………… BEEORSV
6. Spasm causing sudden inhalation followed by closure of CCHIPU

the glottis which makes a characteristic sound…………....
7. Reflex action when tired or sleepy…………………………. ANWY
8. To become worse………………………………………….. ADEEIORRTTE
9. Reducing strain or stress……………………………………. AAEILNORTX
10. Not asleep………………………………………………….. AAEKW
11. Operating room……………………………………………. AEEHRTT
12. Causing vomiting………………………………………….. TMECEI
10
11
12
Mystery word: found in sugar and starch, and provides the body with energy
41
Word search
Find the 28 medical terms and expressions hidden in the letters below; 14 read across and
14 read down. The first word has been found for you as an example. The clues listed
beneath will help you to find all of the words.
P A T H O L O G I S T W
E C N O S T R I L P R O
N L S C R E E N I O I M
D I M M U N E A V T C B
E N B C S L I D E W E T
M I L B E D S O R E P H
I C O R T I S O N E S E
C H C P A N C R E A S R
D O U E T A P A A G T N
F S M L I S P S S E A I
A T O N Y A G H E H K A
I R O N A L L E R G E N
1. Number of years that a person has lived

2. Substance which produces hypersensitivity
3. Lack of tone or tension in the muscles
4. Decubitus ulcer
5. Small hospital or department in a large hospital which deals only with walking patients or which
specialises in the treatment of certain conditions
6. Hormone secreted in small quantities by the adrenal cortex
7. To make pain or worry less
8. Referring to any disease which is very common in certain places
9. Condition where an organ bulges through a hole or weakness in the wall which surrounds it
10. Person or animal on which a parasite lives
11. Protected against an infection or allergic disease
12. Chemical element essential to the body, found in liver, eggs, etc.
13. Large gland in the upper part of the abdomen
14. Speech defect where the patient has difficulty in pronouncing 's' sounds and replaces them with
'th'
15. Doctor who takes the place of another doctor for a time
16. Referring to the nose
17. One of the two passages in the nose through which air is breathed in or out
18. Gland which lies across the back of the body between kidneys
19. Doctor who examines dead bodies to find out the cause of death
20. Mass of small spots which stays on the skin for a period of time, and then disappears
21. Light wall, sometimes with a curtain, which can be moved about and put round a bed to shield the
patient
22. Piece of glass, on which a tissue sample is placed, to be examined under a microscope
23. Small round mark or pimple
24. To swallow a medicine
25. To remove or drain liquid from part of the body
26. Muscle formed of three parts, which are joined to form one tendon
27. Not dry
28. Uterus
42

1 2 3 4 5 6
R R C T
7
E E H E
8
D T A N
U I I D
9
C R N O
10 11
T R A C E E R N
I M E
12 13 14
O P C H E A L T H
15 16
N U O C
17 18
T C T R I P
19
A A H I
20 21
B T L O
N E E N
22 23 24
O M A N I C
25 26
R S L
27
M A L I G N O
A I S
28
L M E
43

1 2 3 4 5 6
R E C O V E R
7
U I H O M E
8
D O R M A N T
E B
9
L A R Y N X
10 11
E
12 13 14
H
15 16
N E U R O N Y
17 18
C A T P
19
O
20 21
B O T T L E C O U N T
H
22 23 24
O E
25 26
L I V E R
27
A M
I
28
L Y M P H A D E N O M A
44
Parts of the body crossword 2
All the answers to this crossword are parts of the body.
1 2 3 4
5 6 7
8 9
10
11 12
13
14 15 16 17
18 19
20
21
22
23
ACROSS DOWN
1. Ligament (5) 1. All the bones which make up a body (8)
4. One of the calcified pieces of connective 2. Joint between the hand and the forearm
tissue which make 1 down (4) (5)
5. Organ used for hearing (3) 3. Branch of a nerve, artery or vein (5)
4. Encephalon (5)
8. Sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch (6)
6. Inside layer of the eye which is sensitive to
11. It connects your foot to your leg (5)
light (6)
13. Thorax (5)
7. In the middle of your face (4)
14. Other side to the front (4)
9. Cavity inside the body, including the
16. Egg-producing organ (5) cavities inside the head behind the
20. Clavicle (10) cheekbone, forehead and nose (5)
21. One of twenty-four inside 13 across 10. Main muscle in 13 across (8)
23. Plural of foot (4) 12. Part of the body which joins the head to
the body (4)
14. Air passage from the trachea to the lungs
(8)
15. Human tail, at the end of the backbone (6)
17. One of two muscles in the top part of
the back which moves the shoulder
blades (8)
18. Soft, fat flesh (4)
19. Wall between two parts of an organ (6)
21. Radix, point from which a limb grows (4)
22. One of ten found on 23 across (3)
45
Gap fill crossword
Complete the crossword with the missing words from the sentences.
1 2 3 4
5 6
9 10
11
12 13
14 15
16 17
18
19 20 21
22 23
24 25
26
27
ACROSS DOWN
1. He ______ a new type of catheter. (8) 1 The catheter is ______ into the passage.
5. Blood ______ were taken from all the staff (8)
in the hospital. (7) 2. How can you afford this ______
7. There is a ______ of names in alphabetical treatment? (9)
order. (4) 3. She gave ______ to twins. (5)
8. She must have a cold - her ______ is 4. The surgeon was able to move the organ
running. (4) back to its ______ position. (8)
9. We will ______ the operating theatre with 6. The doctor put her to ______ with a
the latest scanning devices. (5) powerful narcotic. (5)
10. Fear of snakes is a common ______. (6) 11. The patient suffers from an allergic
13. Sugar is a source of ______ . (6) ______ to oranges. (8)
14. The doctor ______ the patient's broken 12. Her ______ rate was very irregular. (5)
arm. (3) 14. The lining of the uterus is ______ during
16. When she cut her finger it ______. (4) menstruation. (4)
17. He breathed in the smoke from the fire 15. When you add the reagent, the solution
and it made him ______. (5) will ______ blue. (4).
18. He went to see an ______ specialist about 20. We have ______ out the extent of the
his deafness. (3) tumour. (6)
19. Anorexic patients may become ______ and 21. The drug begins acting after a very short
may need hospitalisation. (9) ______. (4)
24. Can I make an ______ to see Dr Jones? 22. There were two hundred ______ of
(11) cholera in the recent outbreak. (5)
26. The box is so heavy she can't ______ it off 23. The clinic has a ______ of 100. (5)
the floor. (4) 25. The ______ is the ratio of a person's
27. He became hysterical and had to be put mental age, given by an intelligence test,
under ______. (8) to the person's actual age. (2)
46

1 2 3 4
N T
5
E A
6
A L
7
R L P U S
S A
8
I R
G T
9 10
T E C H N I C I A N
T A
11 12
E L
13
D
14 15
S O N D
16
T E E
17
E S F
18 19
R S E
20
A I N
21 22 23
G L M C A L
24
D E P E N D E N C E D
47

1 2 3 4
E X A M I N A T I O N
5
P N H
6
I N C U R A B L E O
7
L Y S
E L T
8
P R O P R I E T A R Y
S S
9 10
Y T N
O A
11 12
M A T E R N A L R
13
W A O C
14 15
R S O
16
I E L E M E N T
17
S I T E I
18 19
T R E S O L V E C
20
O
21 22 23
I
24
N
48
Quiz
How many of these questions can you answer?
1. Name four sources of Vitamin D.
2. Complete the following sentence. "In human anatomy, the hand has a dorsal and a palmar
surface, and the foot a dorsal and a __________ surface."
3. What is the difference between myopia and hypermetropia?
4. Which of the following substances are poisonous?

arsenic
cyanide
fructose
glucose
polyunsaturated fat
starch
strychnine
5. Fill the gaps in the sentence with the correct numbers.

"Permanent teeth, otherwise known as adult teeth, are formed of eight incisors, __________
canines, __________ premolars and __________ molars."
6. What is the term for an organisation responsible for overseeing the provision of primary
healthcare and the commissioning of secondary care in a district. Key members include GPs,
community nurses, social services and lay members?
7. If a patient is living at home and going to a hospital for treatment, is he/she classed as an
"inpatient" or an "outpatient"?
8. What is the child's term for the stomach or abdomen?
9. Are the following statements true or false?
[T / F] Blood is formed of red and white corpuscles, platelets and plasma.

[T / F] The liver maintains the circulation of the blood around the body by its pumping action.
[T / F] A mastectomy is a surgical operation to deliver a baby by cutting through the abdominal
wall into the uterus.
10. What is the normal average human body temperature?
11. To which part of the body do words beginning with "gastr-" refer?
12. Formerly, burns were classified by degrees (first-degree burn and second-degree burn). The
modern classification is into two categories. What are these categories?
Extension. Work with a partner and write a medical knowledge quiz. Make sure you know
the answers. Then ask the questions to another pair of students in the class.
49
Vocabulary Record Sheet
WORD CLASS NOTES (Translation, definition, example, etc.)
This page can be photocopied.
50
Answer key
Answer key
Word-building Word formation: adjectives (p. 5)
Word association 1: missing links (p. 1) 1. The surgeons operated to repair the patient's
1. body defective heart valve.
2. pain 2. His diet is calcium-deficient.
3. bone 3. She is physically dependent on amphetamines.
4. muscle 4. The doctor noted an excessive amount of bile in
5. eye the patient's blood.
6. cell 5. A hypoglycaemic attack can be prevented by
eating glucose or a lump of sugar when feeling
Word formation: nouns (p. 2) faint.
6. The vaccine should make you immune to
Exercise 1. tuberculosis.
1. diagnosis 2. examination 3. prescription 7. They have periods when they are completely
4. suffering 5. operation 6. cure 7. recovery inactive.
8. analysis 9. infection 10. carrier 11. replacement 8. His foot is so painful that he can hardly walk.
12. degeneration 13. referral 14. paralysis 9. I suffered spinal injuries in the crash.
15. obstruction 10. She complained of stiff joints.
Exercise 2. Word association 2: partnerships (p. 6)

1. My diagnosis was that the patient had a heart
condition. Exercise 1.
2. I made a full examination of the patient. 1. administer a drug
3. I wrote a prescription for a course of antibiotics. 2. analyse a sample
4. He experienced very little suffering. 3. arrange an appointment
5. The operation was performed immediately. 4. burp a baby
6. There is no cure for this disease. 5. catch a cold
7. He has made a full recovery. 6. detect an improvement
8. The lab made an analysis of the blood sample. 7. discontinue the treatment
9. We found an infection in the tissue. 8. ease the pain
10. Ten per cent of the population are thought to be 9. resist some infections
carriers of the bacteria. 10. prescribe antibiotics
11. The patient was given a hip replacement.
12. There has been a degeneration in his condition. Exercise 2.
13. The patient was given a referral to a specialist. 1. The doctor will administer a drug to the patient.
14. He suffered paralysis of the arm after the stroke. 2. She was prescribed antibiotics.
15. The blood clot formed an obstruction in the 3. As soon as the patient reported severe
artery. side-effects, the doctor discontinued the
treatment.
Two-word expressions (p. 3) 4. I've caught a cold from one of my colleagues at
work.
1. heart attack 2. general anaesthetic 3. bone marrow 5. The laboratory analysed a sample of the food
4. surgical intervention 5. primary tooth 6. plastic and found traces of bacteria.
surgery 7. brain death 8. bedside manner 9. allergic 6. A healthy body can resist some infections.
reaction 10. clinical trial 11. malignant tumour 7. I would like to arrange an appointment with the
12. general practitioner 13. biological clock dental hygienist for 10.00am tomorrow.
14. digestive system 15. balanced diet 8. She had an injection to ease the pain in her leg.
9. The health visitor advised the new parents to
Plural formation (p. 4) burp the baby after feeding.
1. strata 2. feet 3. fibulae 4. glomeruli 10. The nurses detected an improvement in the
5. abscesses 6. joints 7. bullae 8. testes patient's condition.
9. septa 10. oesophagi 11. diagnoses 12. humeri
13. syringes 14. acetabula 15. larvae 16. chordae Opposites 1: prefixes (p. 7)
17. varices 18. fungi 19. ganglia 20. villi
21. atria 22. pontes 23. ova 24. bouts Exercise 1.
25. cortices or cortexes il- ir-
1. illegal 1. irreducible
2. irregular
51
Answer key
Answer key
im- un- Adjectives 1 (p. 11)
1. immovable 1. unconscious
2. impalpable 2. uncontrollable 1. safe 2. poisonous 3. compatible 4. inoperable
3. impure 3. undigested 5. lethal 6. inborn 7. incipient 8. inactive 9. severe
4. unfit 10. confused 11. motionless 12. hygienic
5. unhealthy 13. predisposed 14. aware 15. delicate 16. insanitary
in- 6. unhygienic 17. depressed 18. regular 19. infectious 20. hoarse
1. inactive 7. unqualified
2. inadequate 8. unstable Adjectives 2 (p. 12)
3. incoherent 9. unwell
4. incompatible 1. lethal 2. critical 3. persistent 4. subjective
5. incomplete 5. infirm 6. inflamed 7. mobile 8. painful 9. viable
6. independent 10. deaf 11. premature 12. excessive 13. acute
7. indirect 14. bedridden 15. latent 16. obsessive 17. tender
8. infertile 18. severed 19. depressed 20. harmful
9. inoperable
10. insanitary
Verbs 1 (p. 13)
11. insoluble
a) diagnose b) treat c) cure d) endanger e) prescribe
Exercise 2.
f) specialise g) suffer h) operate i) vaccinate j) soothe
1. unconscious 2. unwell 3. incapable 4. unhealthy
k) dress l) suppress
5. irregular 6. unfit 7. unpasteurised 8. insanitary
9. unstable 10. uncontrollable
Verbs 2 (p. 14)
Word formation: verbs (p. 8) a) transfer b) harm c) penetrate d) perforate

e) probe f) save g) limp h) admit i) prevent j)
respond k) faint l) perform
Exercise 1.
1. abuse 2. admit 3. bandage 4. blood
5. breathe 6. coagulate 7. consult 8. convalesce Verbs: past tense ~ regular verbs (p. 15)
9. fertilise 10. identify 11. immunise 12. implant
13. macerate 14. manage 15. occur 16. perspire 1. received 2. strained 3. recovered 4. fainted
17. prepare 18. provide 19. reabsorb 5. required 6. suffered 7. adapted 8. developed
20. regenerate 21. register 22. regurgitate 9. fractured 10. reacted 11. weighed 12. prolonged
23. rehabilitate 24. reproduce 25. resuscitate 13. aggravated 14. examined 15. trembled
26. sedate 27. stammer 28. stitch 29. suppress
30. sweat Verbs: mixed tenses (p. 16)
1. visit 2. overcame 3. rebuilt 4. undergone

Word association 3: mind maps (p. 9) 5. froze 6. bruised 7. measures 8. expelled
9. hurting 10. heal 11. burnt 12. controls
Exercise 1. 13. amputated 14. bitten 15. progressing
1. operating theatre 2. theatre nurse 3. A&E
department 4. major surgery 5. surgeon 6. local Phrasal verbs (p. 17)
anaesthetic 7. consultant 8. heart surgery 9. scrub
up 10. surgery 1. got over 2. looking after 3. picked up 4. drops
off 5. passed out 6. broke down 7. takes after
8. take off 9. bringing up 10. got around 11. give
Parts of Speech up 12. knocked out 13. propped up 14. go down
15. coughing up
Nouns (p. 10)
Verbs: active/passive (p. 18)
1. allergy 2. paroxysms 3. overdose 4. surgery
5. course 6. recurrence 7. tendency 8. examination 1. A rise in the patient's pulse was noticed by the
9. injection 10. exercise 11. ambulance 12. intake nurse.
13. biopsy 14. consent 15. progress 16. treatment 2. He is being allowed by the consultant to watch
17. excess 18. accident 19. vaccination 20. rash the operation.
3. The tablets are sold by all chemists.
4. Appendicitis was diagnosed by the doctor.
52
Answer key
Answer key
5. The injured person was comforted by the 13. He will have an operation to remove of an
paramedics until the ambulance arrived. ingrowing toenail.
6. The twins were delivered by the midwife. 14. Please ensure that the patient takes of his
7. An excess of hormones was being produced by medicine.
the gland.
8. He was very well looked after in hospital. Pronunciation
9. The tissue was examined under the microscope.
10. I was given an unpleasant mixture to drink by Word stress 1 (p. 21)
the doctor. Group A: hospital regular exercise alcohol
11. The lotion cannot be taken orally. minimum haemorrhage operate theatre serious
12. The workers were poisoned by toxic fumes. painkillers positive medical history
13. A rise in cases of whooping cough is being Group B: admitted improvement condition develop
predicted by doctors. injection equipment allergic reaction prescription
14. The body's natural instinct to reject the infection opinion
transplanted tissue is suppressed by the drug. Group C: recommend reassure incomplete
Word stress 2 (p. 22)

Adverbs (p. 19)
Exercise 1.
1. The bandage was loosely tied around her wrist. 1. complication 2. paralysis 3. emergency
2. Mentally, she is very advanced for her age. 4. respirator 5. operation 6. anaesthetic
3. If the patient sweats excessively, it may be 7. disposable 8. intolerance 9. circulation
necessary to cool his body with cold compresses. 10. coordinate 11. experiment 12. malignancy
4. The tumour is awkwardly placed and not easy to 13. responsible 14. Analysis 15. compatible
reach. 16. saturated 17. demonstrated 18. dehydration
5. She manages all her patients very efficiently. 19. communicate 20. Penicillin
6. The relief team urgently requires more medical
supplies. Exercise 2.
7. This is a mildly antiseptic solution.
8. Physically, he is very weak, but his mind is still A B C
alert.
anaesthetic x
9. He became ill immediately after he came back
from holiday. analysis x
10. The herb can be used medicinally.
circulation x
11. He has been working as a doctor only for a fairly
short time. communicate x
12. Her breathing was severely affected. compatible x
Prepositions (p. 20) complication x

coordinate x
1. The hospital has installed new apparatus
dehydration x
through^ the physiotherapy department. in
2. Her lips were cracked of^ the cold. from demonstrated x
3. The boy's little toe was crushed^ the door. by
disposable x
4. The tissue was examined on ^ the microscope.
under emergency x
5. It is important that needles used at^ injections experiment x
should be sterilised. for
6. He is recovering from a bout^ flu. of intolerance x
7. She was given to a pain-killing injection. malignancy x
8. Some types of wool can irritate to the skin.
9. This report quotes the number of cases of
operation x
cervical cancer from^ thousand patients tested. paralysis x
per
penicillin x
10. The doctor put the patient to sleep within a
strong narcotic. respirator x
11. She burnt her hand at^ the hot frying pan. on responsible x
12. We have no spare beds on^ the hospital at the
moment. in saturated x
53
Answer key
Answer key
Present simple (p. 23) bones
14. metacarpal bone; the others are all in the skull
Group A: coughs helps panics beats sleeps 15. pancreas; the others deal with blood
wakes counteracts operates regulates 16. taste; the others are all physical actions
Group B: breathes examines recommends 17. hernia; the others relate to the liver
prescribes relieves suffers controls cures kills 18. diabetes; the others are all part of the skin
Group C: sneezes reduces catches rises analyses
diagnoses relaxes releases increases Body parts - categories (p. 28)
Past tense (p. 24) abdomen - torso knuckle - hand

Achilles tendon - foot lip - head
Group A: reduced coughed replaced mixed ankle - leg (or foot) nail - hand (or foot)
dressed increased noticed dropped buttock - torso navel - torso
Group B: diagnosed improved sneezed prescribed calf - leg neck - torso
cured sterilised probed chest - torso nipple - torso
Group C: vaccinated consulted recommended chin - head nose - head
prevented operated disinfected treated ear - head palm - hand
preceded elbow - arm rib - torso
eye - head scalp - head
eyebrow - head shoulder - torso (or arm)
Vocabulary in Context eyelash - head sole - foot
eyelid - head temple - head
finger - hand thigh - leg
Good advice (p. 25)
forearm - arm thumb - hand
1. g) 8. f)
forehead - head toe - foot
2. k) 9. n)
gum - head tongue - head
3. d) 10. b) hip - torso (or leg) tooth - head
4. e) 11. a) knee - leg wrist - arm (or hand)
5. l) 12. i)
6. j) 13. c)
Opposites 2 (p. 29)
7. h) 14. m)
Exercise 1.
Multiple meanings (p. 26) 1. front 2. chronic 3. alive 4. deteriorate 5. ill
6. closed 7. minor 8. increase 9. rough
1. patient 2. fit 3. focus 4. notice 5. turn 6. light 10. malignant
7. cold 8. focus 9. turn 10. patient 11. notice
12. fit 13. turn 14. fit 15. light 16. focus 17. fit Exercise 2.
18. cold 19. light 1. acute 2. increase 3. improve 4. back 5. rough
6. malignant 7. open 8. dead 9. healthy 10. major
Odd one out (p. 27)
Abbreviations (p. 30)
1. bleeding; the others are words which describe
types of pain 1. A & E: Accident & Emergency
2. liver; you have two of all the others 2. AIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
3. forearm; the others are all joints 3. BMR: Basal Metabolic Rate
4. face; the others are all specifically sense organs 4. CAT: Computerised Axial Tomography
5. patient; the others are all jobs 5. CHD: Coronary Heart Disease
6. bandage; the others are all instruments 6. D & V: Diarrhoea & Vomiting
7. supination; the others are all connected to 7. DOA: Dead On Arrival
breathing 8. GP: General Practitioner
8. eyelids; the others are all eye conditions 9. HAV: Hepatitis A Virus
9. relapse; the others all mean to return to normal 10. HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
after an illness 11. MI: Motor Neurone Disease
10. palm; the others are all parts of the eye 12. OTC: Over The Counter
11. vertebral column; the others are all part of the 13. PM: Post Mortem
ear 14. PMA: Progressive Muscular Atrophy
12. aluminium; the others are all normally found in 15. PMT: Premenstrual Tension
the body 16. RQ: Respiratory Quotient
13. wound; the others refer principally to damage to 17. RSI: Repetitive Strain Injury
54
Answer key
Answer key
18. SAD: Seasonal Affective Disorder Chemistry (p. 36)
19. SIDS: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
20. STI: Sexually Transmitted Infection 1. Na, sodium, (e) the basic substance in salt
21. TB: Tuberculosis 2. Ca, calcium, (p) metallic element which is the
22. TBI: Total Body Irradiation major component of bones and teeth
23. UV: Ultraviolet 3. Pb, lead, (l) heavy soft metallic element which is
24. VDH: Valvular Disease of the Heart poisonous in compounds
25. WHO: World Health Organization 4. Ti, titanium, (n) light metallic element which
does not corrode
Symptoms & common illnesses 1 (p. 31) 5. Ba, barium, (d) used as a contrast when taking
X-ray photographs of soft tissue
1. influenza 2. rubella 3. coryza 4. varicella 6. Zn, zinc, (s) white metallic trace element
5. rubeola 6. infectious parotitis 7. pertussis 7. Fe, iron, (j) an essential part of the red pigment
8. allergic rhinitis in blood cells, found in liver and eggs
8. Co, cobalt, (f) metallic element which is the basis
Symptoms & common illnesses 2 (p. 32) of a radioactive isotope used to treat cancer
9. Cl, chlorine, (q) powerful greenish gas, used to
Exercise 1. sterilise water
1. Chickenpox is the same as varicella 10. He, helium, (m) very light gas used in
2. A cold is the same as coryza combination with oxygen, especially to relieve
3. The flu is the same as influenza asthma or sickness caused by decompression
4. German measles is the same as rubella 11. S, sulphur, (t) yellow non-metallic element found
5. Hay fever is the same as allergic rhinitis in some amino acids
6. Measles is the same as rubeola 12. Au, gold, (r) soft yellow-coloured precious
7. Mumps is the same as infectious parotitis metal, used as a compound in various drugs, and
8. Whooping cough is the same as pertussis sometimes as a filling for teeth
13. O, oxygen, (h) colourless gas which is present in
Exercise 2. air and essential to human life
1. hay fever 2. German measles 3. whooping cough 14. H, hydrogen, (k) gas which combines with
4. flu 5. mumps 6. chickenpox oxygen to form water
15. HCI, hydrochloric acid, (a) acid found in the
Diagnosis (p. 33) gastric juices which helps to break apart the
food
1. epilepsy 2. gangrene 3. cataracts 4. Parkinson's 16. N, nitrogen, (o) gas which is the main
disease 5. tuberculosis 6. cystic fibrosis 7. cirrhosis component of air and an essential
8. diphtheria 9. cerebral palsy 10. gastroenteritis part of protein
17. HCN, hydrocyanic acid, (b) acid which forms
How it works (p.34) cyanide
18. C, carbon, (i) one of the common non-metallic
1. d) 10. h) elements which is an essential component of
2. k) 11. p) living matter and organic chemical compounds
3. g) 12. q) 19. N2O, nitrous oxide, (g) colourless gas with a
4. m) 13. c) sweet smell, used in combination with other
5. r) 14. o) gases as an anaesthetic in dentistry and surgery
6. a) 15. l) 20. C10H14N2, nicotine, (c) main alkaloid substance
7. b) 16. j) found in tobacco
8. f) 17. i)
9. n) 18. e)
Instruments and equipment (p. 35)
1. wheelchair 2. scalpel 3. probe 4. forceps

5. curette 6. pipette 7. tourniquet 8. hook
9. drain 10. gag 11. syringe 12. catheter
13. bandage 14. sling 15. stretcher 16. splint
17. stethoscope 18. thermometer
55
Answer key
Answer key
Puzzles & Quizzes
Anagrams 1 (p. 37)

1. Respiration
2. Allergy
3. Daughter
4. Incision
5. Operation
6. Gerontology
7. Relapse
8. Apparatus
9. Prescribe
10. Hospital
11. Exercise
12. Resistance
Parts of the body crossword 1 (p. 38)

1 2 3 4 5
K N E E S T O M A C H
I R O U
6 7
D U O D E N U M R M
N R N T E
8 9 10
E L B O W K H A I R
Y I A U
11 12 13
A T R I A L U N G S
S I A
14 15 16
Z T V E I N S
17
E Y E E L K
18
G H E A R T U
19 20
J O A K L
21
U M N E U R O N L
22 23
G L A N D U
24
U E F A T C
25
L R O S K I N
A V O L
26 27
R E C E P T O R E A R
56
Answer key
Answer key
Word search (p.42)
Anagrams 2 (p. 41)
P A T H O L O G I S T W
1. Cerebrum E C N O S T R I L P R O
2. Average
N L S C R E E N I O I M
3. Reaction
4. Behaviour D I M M U N E A V T C B
5. Observe
E N B C S L I D E W E T
6. Hiccup
7. Yawn M I L B E D S O R E P H
8. Deteriorate
9. Relaxation
I C O R T I S O N E S E
10. Awake C H C P A N C R E A S R
11. Theatre
12. Emetic
D O U E T A P A A G T N
F S M L I S P S S E A I
A T O N Y A G H E H K A
I R O N A L L E R G E N
Parts of the body crossword 2 (p. 45)

1 2 3 4
S I N E W R B O N E
K R A R
5 6 7
E A R I M A N
L E S U I O
8 9
E T T S E N S E S
T I I E
10
O N P N
11 12
N A N K L E U
13
E C H E S T
C T
14 15 16 17
B A C K O V A R Y
18 19
R O F R H S
20
O C O L L A R B O N E
N C A L M P
21
C Y B R I B T
22
H X T O O U
U O O I M
23
S F E E T D
57
Answer key
Answer key
Gap fill crossword (p. 46)
1 2 3 4
I N V E N T E D B O
N X I R
5 6
S A M P L E S R I
7
E E L I S T G
8
R N O S E E H I
T S E N
9 10
E Q U I P P H O B I A
11
D V R L
12 13
P E N E R G Y
14 15
U A S E T
16 17
B L E D C O U G H U
18
S T E A R
19 20 21
E M A C I A T E D N
22 23
C A O I S
24 25
A P P O I N T M E N T
S P Q E A
26
E E L I F T
27
S E D A T I O N F
Quiz (p. 49)
1. butter, egg yolk, fish liver oils, oily fish, yeast (Vitamin D is also produced in the skin when exposed to sunlight.)
2. plantar
3. Myopia is a condition where the patient can see clearly objects which are close, but not ones which are far away,
whereas with hypermetropia, the patient sees more clearly objects which are a long way away, but cannot see
objects which are close. (More common words for myopia are shortsightedness or nearsightedness. A more
common word for hypermetropia is longsightedness.)
4. arsenic; cyanide; strychnine
5. four canines, eight premolars and twelve molars
6. primary care group
7. outpatient
8. tummy
9. True, False (The organ described here is the heart), False (The operation described here is a caesarean.)
10. about 37° Celsius or 98° Fahrenheit
11. stomach
12. deep; superficial
58

07 Check Your English Vocabulary For Medicine

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First published in Great Britain 1995

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© Peter Collin Publishing 1995, 2000

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Using the Dictionary of Medical Terms

Structure of a Dictionary of Medical Terms entry

Vocabulary Record Sheet

PUZZLES & QUIZZES

51 Answer key Answers to all worksheets

Using Communicative crosswords in the classroom

- What's one down?

3. I prescribed a course of antibiotics. 11. We replaced the patient's hip.

4. He suffered very little. 12. His condition has degenerated.

5. We operated immediately. 13. The patient was referred to a specialist.

8. The lab analysed the blood sample.

1. A condition in which the heart has a 9. An effect produced by a substance to which

12. A doctor who provides first-line medical

8. The way in which a doctor behaves towards

The first question has been done for you as an example.

Column A Column B Column C

1. stratum stratums strata

2. His diet has a calcium deficiency. His diet is calcium-…

3. She has a physical dependence on She is physically …

4. The doctor noted an excess of bile in The doctor noted an …

5. An attack of hypoglycaemia can be A…

8. The pain in his foot is so great that he His foot is so …

9. I injured my spine in the crash. I suffered …

10. She complained of stiffness in the She complained of …

1. The doctor will administer a drug to the patient.

2. She was ____________________ .

3. As soon as the patient reported severe side-effects, the doctor ___________________ .

4. I've ____________________ from one of my colleagues at work.

5. The laboratory ____________________ of the food and found traces of bacteria.

6. A healthy body can ____________________ .

8. She had an injection to ____________________ in her leg.

10. The nurses _____________________ in the patient's condition.

active adequate coherent compatible complete

il- im- in- ir- un-

2. He felt ________________ and had to go home.

3. The serum makes the poison ________________.

4. The children have a very _______________ diet.

7. The surgeon decided that the cancer was ________________.

8. Cholera spread rapidly because of the ________________ conditions in the town.

9. The patient was showing signs of an ________________ mental condition.

10. She has an ________________ desire to drink alcohol.

consultant theatre nurse

accident operating theatre surgical gloves

accident allergy ambulance biopsy consent course examination excess

1. He developed an allergy to penicillin.

2. He suffered _______________ of coughing in the night.

3. She went into a coma after an _______________ of heroin.

5. She took a _______________ of steroid treatment.

6. He had a _______________ of a fever which he had caught in the tropics.

7. There is a _______________ to obesity in her family.