1 Check Your English Vocabulary For Medicine

CHECK YOUR ENGLISH VOCABULARY FOR
MEDICINE
third edition
A & C Black • London

www.acblack.com
First published in Great Britain

1995 Second edition published
2000 Third edition published 2006
A & C Black Publishers Ltd

38 Soho Square, London W1D 3HB
© Peter Collin Publishing 1995, 2000

© A & C Black Publishers Ltd 2006
All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced in
any form without the permission of the
publishers.
A CIP entry for this book is available from the British

Library ISBN-10: 0 7136 7590 X
ISBN-13: 978 0 7136 7590 0
eISBN-13: 978-1-4081-0238-1
Text typeset by A & C

Black Printed in Italy by
Legoprint
A & C Black uses paper produced with elemental chlorine-free pulp,

harvested from managed sustainable forests.
Introduction
The worksheets in this workbook contain a variety of exercises appropriate for students requiring
a working knowledge of English medical terminology. The worksheets can be used either for self-
study or in the classroom and can be completed in any order. Several have 'extensions': short
classroom exercises based on the language in the main exercise. All the questions within this
workbook are based on the A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms, fourth edition (ISBN 0
7136 7603 5).
This workbook is aimed at students with at least an intermediate level of English. However, many
people who work in medicine have to read in English on a regular basis; students with a more basic
level of English may therefore already have the passive vocabulary to handle many of the exercises.
Specialist vocabulary
It is important to appreciate that 'knowing' specialist vocabulary involves more than simply
recognising it.
• You can understand the meaning of a word when reading or listening and yet be unable
to remember that same word when speaking or writing.
• You may remember the word, but use it incorrectly. This can be a grammatical problem, like
knowing that 'fracture' can be used both as a noun and as a verb. Or it may be a question
of collocation: a surgeon makes an incision during an operation,
but when he wants a piece of bread he simply cuts it.
• Then there is the question of the sound of the word. Can you pronounce it? And do you
recognise it when you hear it pronounced?
For these reasons - memory, use and sound - it is important that students practise specialist
vocabulary so that they can learn to use it more confidently and effectively. The exercises in this
workbook will help students to expand their knowledge and use of medical vocabulary.
Using the Dictionary of Medical Terms

All of the vocabulary taught or practised in this workbook is in the A & C Black Dictionary of
Medical Terms. The Dictionary of Medical Terms gives definitions in simple English which
students can read and understand. Many of the examples and definitions in the workbook are
taken directly from the dictionary. Students should have a copy of the Dictionary of Medical
Terms for referring to when completing the exercises; using the dictionary is an essential part of
successful language learning.
Structure of a Dictionary of Medical Terms entry

Each entry within the dictionary includes key elements that help a student understand the
definition of the term and how to use it in context. Each term has a clear example, and part of speech.
This is followed by example sentences and quotations from newspapers and magazines that show
how the term is used in real life. These elements of the dictionary are used to create the questions
within this workbook.
Vocabulary Record Sheet

At the back of the book is a Vocabulary Record Sheet. Recording useful vocabulary in a
methodical way plays a key role in language learning and could be done, for example, at the end of
each lesson. The Dictionary of Medical Terms is a useful tool for ensuring that the personal
vocabulary record is accurate and is a good source for example sentences to show how words are
used, as well as for notes about meaning and pronunciation, etc.
Workbook contents
Page Title Description
Mode
WORD-BUILDING
1 Word association 1: Linking each set of four words with one other word Self-study
missing links
2 Word formation: Forming nouns from list of verbs; rewriting sentences Self-study
nouns using noun forms instead of verbs
3 Two-word expressions Combining words from two lists to make two-word Self-study
expressions that fit the definitions
4 Plural formation Multiple choice: choosing correct plural forms of singular Self-study
nouns
5 Word formation: Rewriting sentences using adjective forms instead of nouns Self-study
adjectives Linking each verb with a noun to make a 'partnership'; using
6 Word association 2: the 'partnerships' to complete sentences Self-study
partnerships
7 Opposites 1: prefixes Selecting the correct prefix for each adjective to create an Self-study
opposite; using the adjectives to complete sentences
Extension: working with a partner to test one another
8 Word formation: verbs pronunciation
Making verb forms from list of nouns; writing sentences
using the verbs
9 Word association 3:
Finding words in a mind map that fit definitions; designing
mind maps
mind maps
PARTS OF SPEECH
10 Nouns Sentence completion
11 Adjectives 1
Sentence completion
12 Adjectives 2 Sentence completion
13 Verbs 1 Matching verbs with their correct definitions
14 Verbs 2 Matching verbs with their correct definitions
15 Verbs: past tense ~ Sentence completion
regular verbs
16 Verbs: mixed tenses Sentence completion
17 Phrasal verbs Sentence completion
Extension: working with a partner to write a dialogue
using phrasal verbs
18 Verbs: active/passive Changing sentences from active to passive tense Identifying
19 Adverbs adverbs in sentences and swapping adverbs around so that
each sentence makes sense
20 Prepositions Correcting sentences with deliberate mistakes in the
prepositions
PRONUNCIATION
21 Word stress 1 Identifying three-syllable words and classifying by their
pronunciation
Extension: practising the dialogues with a partner
22 Word stress 2 Completing sentences using four-syllable words;
classifying four-syllable words by their pronunciation
23 Present simple Identifying present tense verbs and classifying by their
pronunciation
Extension: working with a partner to identify plural nouns
in each pronunciation category
24 Past tense Identifying past tense verbs and classifying by their
Self-study Self-study
Self-study
Self-study Pair work
Self-study Pair work
Self-study
Page Title Description
Mode
VOCABULARY IN CONTEXT
25 Good advice Matching half-sentences together to make complete Self-study
sentences
Extension: writing pieces of medical advice with a Pair work
partner
26 Multiple meanings Classifying meanings Self-study
27 Odd one out Identifying word that is different to others in each set Self-study
28 Body parts - categories Deciding which category each body part belongs to Self-study
29 Opposites 2 Matching words with opposite meanings; inserting Self-study
correct opposites in sentences
Extension: working with a partner to test one another Pair work
30 Abbreviations Stating what abbreviations stand for Self-study
Extension: working with a partner to test one another Pair work
31 Symptoms & common Checking meanings of words; matching descriptions to names Self-study
illnesses 1 of illnesses
32 Symptoms & common Matching formal and informal names of illnesses; Self-study
illnesses 2 completing conversations by using informal names of
illnesses
Extension: practising conversations with a partner Pair work
33 Diagnosis Identifying each disease or illness from its description Self-study
Extension: writing a description of a disease or illness and Pair work
testing a partner
34 How it works Matching half-sentences together to make complete sentences Self-study
Matching each instrument and item of equipment with its
35 Instruments and correct description Self-study
equipment Extension: working with a partner to test one another
Matching symbols of chemical elements and compounds with Pair work
36 Chemistry correct names and descriptions Self-study
Extension: working with a partner to test one another
Pair work
PUZZLES & QUIZZES Solving anagrams by reading clues and putting letters in
37 Anagrams 1 order Self-study
Solving crossword
38 Parts of the body Self-study
crossword 1 Completing crossword by working with partner and
39- Communicative defining words Pair work
40 crossword 1 Solving anagrams by reading clues and putting letters in
41 Anagrams 2 order Self-study
Finding words hidden in letters using clues listed
42 Word search Completing crossword by working with partner and Self-study
43- Communicative defining words Pair work
44 crossword 2 Solving crossword
45 Parts of the body Self-study
crossword 2 Completing crossword with missing words from sentences
46 Gap fill crossword Completing crossword by working with partner and Self-study
defining words
47- Communicative Answering questions Pair work
48 crossword 3 Extension: writing a quiz with a partner
49 Quiz Recording new vocabulary, definitions and terms Answers to Self-study
Pair work
50 Vocabulary Record Sheet Self-study
all worksheets
Answer key
51
Unit
Using0000
the workbook
Most students find it easier to assimilate new vocabulary if the words are learned in related groups, rather than in
isolation. For example, words frequently occur in the same context as their opposites and, as such, it makes sense to
learn the pairs of opposites together (see worksheets on pages 7 and 29). Similarly, mind maps encourage
students to look for connections between words (see worksheet on page 9). The exercises and activities in this
workbook have all been grouped into sections. These sections practise different elements of medical vocabulary,
enabling the student to gain a fuller understanding of the words learnt.
The first section, Word-building (pages 1-9), encourages the student to identify links between words and to learn
words that are morphologically related (for example, verbs and nouns which have the same stems). Within the
Parts of Speech (pages 10-20) section, the emphasis is on understanding meanings and how to use terms in their
correct grammatical forms. The worksheets in the third section practise the Pronunciation of medical vocabulary
(pages 21-24). The section Vocabulary in Context (pages 25-36) includes topic- specific exercises such as
identifying diseases and illnesses from their descriptions. The activities in the last section, Puzzles & Quizzes (pages
37-49), expand students' knowledge and use of vocabulary in a fun way.
Communicative crosswords
Included in the last section are three communicative crosswords. These are speaking exercises where students complete a
half-finished crossword by exchanging clues with a partner. There are two versions of the crossword: A & B. The
words which are missing from A are in B, and vice versa. No clues are provided: the students' task is to invent
them. This is an excellent exercise for developing linguistic resourcefulness; in having to define words themselves,
students practise both their medical vocabulary and the important skill of paraphrasing something when they do not
know the word for it.
Using Communicative crosswords in the classroom

Stage 1 - Set-up. Divide the class into two groups - A and B - with up to four students in each group. Give out
the crossword: sheet A to group A, sheet B to group B together with a copy of the Dictionary of Medical Terms. Go
through the rules with them. Some answers may consist of more than one word.
Stage 2 - Preparation. The students discuss the words in their groups, exchanging information about the words
they know and checking words they do not know in the Dictionary of Medical Terms. Circulate, helping with
any problems. This is an important stage: some of the vocabulary in the crosswords is quite difficult.
Stage 3 - Activity. Put the students in pairs - one from group A and one from group B. The students help each
other to complete the crosswords by giving each other clues.
Make sure students are aware that the idea is to help each other complete the crossword, rather than to
produce obscure and difficult clues.
- What's one down?

- It's a person who works in a hospital.
A A BB
- A doctor?
A A BB
- A sort of doctor. He does operations.
- A surgeon?
- Yes, that's right. Students work in groups,
checking vocabulary
Alternatively, students can work in small groups, each group consisting of two As and two Bs and using the
following strategies:
i) defining the word
ii) describing what the item looks like
iii) stating what the item is used for A B A B
iv) describing the person's role
v) stating what the opposite of the word is A B A B
vi) giving examples
vii) leaving a gap in a sentence for the word
viii) stating what the word sounds like. Students work in
pairs, co-operating to
solve their
crosswords
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
Unit 0000
Word association 1: missing links
Each of the sets of four words below can be linked by one other word. All the words are related
to medical matters. What are the missing words? Write them in the centre of the charts.
1.
ciliar temperature
y
foreign fat
2.
throbbing relief
abdominal threshold
3.
metacarpal graft
Bone
cancellous marrow
4.
cardiac fatigue
skeletal spasm
5.
black bath
glass drops
6.
blood membrane
beta body
1
Unit
Word0000
formation: nouns
A fast way to expand your vocabulary is to make sure you know the different forms of the
words you learn.
Exercise 1. The words in this list are all verbs. What are the noun forms? Write them in the second
column. The first one has been done for you as an example.
1. diagnose diagnosis 9. infect infection
2. examine test 10. carry carrier
3. prescribe prescription 11. replace replacing
4. suffer suffering 12. degenerate degeneration
5. operate operation 13. refer referring
6. cure healing 14. paralyse paralyzing
7. recover recovery 15. obstruct obstruction
8. analyse analysis
Exercise 2. First, check your answers to Exercise 1 in the key. Then rewrite the sentences below,
changing the verbs (which are in bold) to nouns. Do not change the meaning of the sentences, but
be prepared to make grammatical changes if necessary. The first one has been done for you as an
example.
1. I diagnosed that the patient had a heart9. We found that the tissue was infected.
condition. We found an infected tissue
My diagnosis was that the patient had a heart
condition.
10. Ten per cent of the population are thought to
2. I examined the patient fully. carry the bacteria.
I made a full test of the patient Ten per cent of the population are thought to be carrier
of the bactery
3. I prescribed a course of antibiotics.

11. We replaced the patient's hip.
I wrote a course on antibiotics
The patient was given a hip replaceding
4. He suffered very little.

12. His condition has degenerated.
He experienced very little suffering
There has been a degeneration
5. We operated immediately.
13. The patient was referred to a specialist.
The operation was immediate
The patient was given a referral to the specialist
6. This disease cannot be cured.

14. His arm was paralysed after the stroke.
There is no cure for this disease
He suffered a paralysis in the arm after the stroke
7. He has recovered fully.

15. The artery was obstructed by a blood clot.
He has made a full recovery
The blood clot was forming an obstruction
8. The lab analysed the blood sample.

The lab made an analysis of the blood sample
2
1
Two-word expressions Unit 0000
Make 15 two-word expressions connected with medicine by combining words from the two
lists: A and B. Match each expression with the appropriate phrase. Use each word once. The
first one has been done for you as an example.
A B
allergic anaesthetic
balanced attack clock
bedside death
biological
diet
bone brain
intervention
clinical
manner
digestive
marrow
general
practitioner
general
reaction
heart
surgery
malignant
system tooth
plastic
trial
primary
tumour
surgical
1. A condition in which the heart has a 9. An effect produced by a substance to which a

reduced blood supply because one of the person has an allergy, such as sneezing or a skin
arteries becomes blocked by a blood clot, rash.
causing myocardial ischaemia and allergic reaction
myocardial infarction
heart attack 10. A trial carried out in a medical laboratory on
a person or on tissue from a person.
2. A substance given to make someone lose clinical trial
consciousness so that a major surgical
operation can be carried out. 11. A tumour which is cancerous and can grow
General anaesthetic again or spread into other parts of the body,
even if removed surgically.
3. Soft tissue in cancellous bone. Bone marrow malignant tumor
12. A doctor who provides first-line medical

The treatment of disease or other condition by care for all types of illness to people who live
surgery. Surgical intervention locally, refers them to hospital if necessary
and encourages health promotion.
4. Any one of the first twenty teeth which general practitioner
develop in children between about six
months and two-and-a-half years of age, and 13. The rhythm of daily activities and bodily
are replaced by the permanent teeth at around processes such as eating, defecating or sleeping,
the age of six. Primary tooth frequently controlled by hormones, which
repeats every twenty-four hours.
6. Surgery to repair damaged or malformed biological clock
parts of the body. Plastic surgery
14. The set of organs such as the stomach, liver
and pancreas which are associated with the
7. A condition in which the nerves in the brain digestion of food.
stem have died, and the person can be digestive sistem
certified as dead, although the heart may
not have stopped beating. Brain death 15. A diet that provides all the nutrients needed in
the correct proportions. Balanced diet
8. The way in which a doctor behaves towards a

patient, especially a patient who is in bed.
Bedside manner
Unit 0000
Plural formation
In Column A of this table there are 25 nouns relating to medicine. For each of the nouns decide
whether the correct plural form is in Column B or Column C and then circle it.
The first question has been done for you as an example.
Column A Column B Column C
1. stratum stratums strata

2. foot foots feet
3. fibula fibulae fibulas
4. glomerulus glomerulae glomeruli
5. abscess abscesses abscessi
6. joint jointes joints
7. bulla bullae bullas
8. testis testises testes
9. septum septa septums
10. oesophagus oesophaguses oesophagi
11. diagnosis diagnoses diagnosises
12. humerus humeruses humeri
13. syringe syringes syringae
14. acetabulum acetabula acetabulums
15. larva larvae larvi
16. chorda chordas chordae
17. varix varices varixi
18. fungus fungi funguses
19. ganglion ganglions ganglia
20. villus villi villae
21. atrium atria atriums
22. pons pontes ponses
23. ovum ovums ova
24. bout bouts boutae
25. cortex cortexes cortices
4 5
Word formation: adjectives Unit 0000
The italicised words in the sentences in Column A are all nouns. What are the adjective forms?
Complete the sentences in Column B using the correct adjective forms.
Column A Column B
1. The surgeons operated to repair the The surgeons operated to repair the
defect on the patient's heart valve. patient's …
2. His diet has a calcium deficiency. His diet is calcium-…
3. She has a physical dependence on She is physically …

amphetamines.
4. The doctor noted an excess of bile in The doctor noted an …

the patient's blood.
5. An attack of hypoglycaemia can be A…

prevented by eating glucose or a lump
of sugar when feeling faint.
6. The vaccine should give immunity to The vaccine should make you …
tuberculosis.
7. They have periods of complete They have periods when they are
inactivity. completely …
8. The pain in his foot is so great that he His foot is so …

can hardly walk.
9. I injured my spine in the crash. I suffered …
10. She complained of stiffness in the She complained of …

joints.
Unit
Word0000
association 2: partnerships
Exercise 1.
Link each verb on the left with a noun on the right to make 10 'partnerships'. The first one
has been done for you as an example.
Verbs Nouns
1. administer an improvement
2. analyse a baby
3. arrange antibiotics
4. burp the treatment
5. catch some infections
6. detect an appointment
7. discontinue a sample
8. ease the pain
9. resist a drug
10. prescribe a cold
Exercise 2.
Complete these sentences using the partnerships from Exercise 1. You may have to make some
changes to fit the grammar of the sentences. The first one has been done for you as an example.
1. The doctor will administer a drug to the patient.
2. She was prescribe antibiotics .
3. As soon as the patient reported severe side-effects, the doctor discontinue the treatment .
4. I've catch some infections from one of my colleagues at work.
5. The laboratory anayse a sample of the food and found traces of bacteria.
6. A healthy body can resist the pain .
7. I would like to arrange an appointment with the dental hygienist for 10.00am tomorrow.
8. She had an injection to ease a cold in her leg.
9. The health visitor advised the new parents to burp a baby after feeding.
10. The nurses detect an improvement in the patient's condition.
6
5
Opposites 1: prefixes Unit 0000
Exercise 1.
English often uses prefixes to create opposites. There are several different prefixes that are used.
Choose the right prefix for each of the adjectives below and write them into the table. The first one
has been done for you:
active adequate coherent compatible complete

conscious controllable dependent digested direct fertile fit healthy
hygienic legal movable operable palpable pure qualified reducible
regular sanitary soluble stable well
il- im- in- ir- un-

1. 1. 1. inactive 1. 1.
2. 2. 2. 2.
3. 3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
6. 6.
7. 7.
8. 8.
9. 9.
10.
11.
Exercise 2.
Use ten of the adjectives in the table to complete these sentences. The first one has been done for you
as an example.
1. He was found unconscious in the street.
2. He felt and had to go home.
3. The serum makes the poison .
4. The children have a very diet.
5. The nurse noted that the patient had developed an pulse.
6. She used to play a lot of tennis, but she became in the winter.
7. The surgeon decided that the cancer was .
8. Cholera spread rapidly because of the conditions in the town.
9. The patient was showing signs of an mental condition.
10. She has an desire to drink alcohol.
Extension. Work with a partner and test each other. One partner closes the book, while the
other asks questions such as "What's the opposite of conscious?".
Unit
Word0000
formation: verbs
Exercise 1.
The words listed in the table below are nouns. What are the verb forms of these nouns? The first
question has been done for you as an example.
1. abuse abuse 16. perspiration
2. admission 17. preparation
3. bandage 18. provision
4. blood 19. reabsorption
5. breath 20. regeneration
6. coagulation 21. registration
7. consultation 22. regurgitation
8. convalescence 23. rehabilitation
9. fertilisation 24. reproduction
10. identification 25. resuscitation
11. immunisation 26. sedation
12. implant 27. stammer
13. maceration 28. stitch
14. management 29. suppression
15. occurrence 30. sweat
Exercise 2.
Choose ten verbs from Exercise 1 and write a sentence below for each one. Write the correct form
of each verb in the column on the right and leave gaps for the verbs in the sentences. Cover up
the right-hand column and give the sentences to another student as a test. For example:
Shewith her local GP. registered
1. ………………………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………………………
4. ………………………………………………………………………
5. ………………………………………………………………………
6. ………………………………………………………………………
7. ………………………………………………………………………
8. ………………………………………………………………………
9. ………………………………………………………………………
10. ………………………………………………………………………
8
5
Unit 0000
Word association 3: mind maps
A mind map is a way of organising vocabulary to show the connections between words. This
mind map is based on the word 'surgery'.
general anaesthetic
heart surgery local anaesthetic
major surgery
heart surgeon anaesthetist
surgeon
surgery exploratory surgery
scrub up incision
operate
consultant theatre nurse

operation
A & E department scalpel
surgical instruments
ambulance operating table
accident operating theatre surgical gloves
Exercise 1.
Find words and expressions in the mind map that fit the following definitions.
1. A special room in a hospital, where surgical operations are carried out. Operathing theatre
2. A nurse who is specially trained to assist a surgeon during an operation. Theatre nurse
3. The part of a hospital which deals with people who need urgent treatment because they have had accidents
or are in sudden serious pain. A y E departament
4. Surgical operations involving important organs in the body. Major surgery
5. A doctor who specialises in surgery. Surgeon
6. An anaesthetic which removes the feeling in a single part of the body only. Local anesthetic
7. A senior specialised doctor in a hospital. Heart surgeon
8. A surgical operation to remedy a condition of the heart. Heart surgery
9. To clean the hands and arms thoroughly before performing surgery. Surgical gloves
10. The treatment of diseases or disorders by procedures which require an operation to cut into, to remove
or to manipulate tissue, organs or parts. Exploratory surgery
Exercise 2.
Design a mind map for one or more of the following:
• health
• hospital
• patient
Unit
Nouns0000
There are 20 nouns connected with medicine in the box below. Use them to complete the sentences -
in some cases you will need to make them plural. The first one has been done for you as an
example.
accident allergy ambulance biopsy consent course examination excess

exercise injection intake overdose paroxysm progress rash recurrence
surgery tendency treatment vaccination
1. He developed an allergy to penicillin.
2. He suffered of coughing in the night.
3. She went into a coma after an of heroin.
4. The patient will need plastic to remove the scars he received in the accident.
5. She took a of steroid treatment.
6. He had a of a fever which he had caught in the tropics.
7. There is a to obesity in her family.
8. From the of the X-ray photographs, it seems that the tumour has not spread.
9. The doctor gave him an to relieve the pain.
10. He doesn't take enough : that's why he's fat.
11. The injured man was taken away in an .
12. She was advised to reduce her of sugar.
13. The of the tissue from the growth showed that it was benign.
14. The parents gave their for their son's heart to be used in the transplant
operation.
15. The doctors seem pleased that she has made such good since her operation.
16. This is a new for heart disease.
17. Her body could not cope with an of blood sugar.
18. Three people were injured in the on the motorway.
19. is mainly given against cholera, diphtheria, rabies, smallpox, tuberculosis and
typhoid.
20. She had a high temperature and then broke out in a .
10
Unit 00001
Adjectives
Complete the sentences using the adjectives in the box. Use each adjective once only. The first one
awarecompatibleconfuseddelicate depressed hoarsehygienic

inactiveinfectious
inbornincipient inoperable insanitary lethal
motionless poisonous predisposed regular safe severe
1. This is a safe painkiller, with no harmful side-effects.
2. Some mushrooms are good to eat and some are .
3. The surgeons are trying to find a donor with a blood group.
4. The surgeon decided that the cancer was .
5. These fumes are if inhaled.
6. The body has an tendency to reject transplanted organs.
7. The tests detected diabetes mellitus.
8. The serum makes the poison .
9. A outbreak of whooping cough occurred during the winter.
10. Old people can easily become if they are moved from their homes.
11. Catatonic patients can sit for hours.
12. Don't touch food with dirty hands: it isn't .
13. All the members of the family are to vascular diseases.
14. She is not of what is happening around her.
15. The bones of a baby's skull are very .
16. Cholera spread rapidly because of the conditions in the town.
17. He was after his exam results.
18. He was advised to make visits to the dentist.
19. This strain of flu is highly .
20. He became after shouting too much.
11
Unit 0000 2
Adjectives
Complete the sentences using the adjectives in the box. Use each adjective once only. The first one
acute bedriddencriticaldeaf depressed excessiveharmfulinfirm

inflamed latent lethal mobile obsessive painfulpersistentpremature
severed subjective tender viable
1. These fumes are lethal if inhaled.
2. The report was of the state of aftercare provision.
3. She had a cough.
4. The psychiatrist gave a opinion on the patient's problem.
5. My grandfather is quite now.
6. The skin has become around the sore.
7. It is important for elderly patients to remain .
8. His foot is so he can hardly walk.
9. A fetus is by about the 28th week of the pregnancy.
10. You have to speak slowly and clearly when you speak to Mr Jones because he's quite .
11. The baby was born five weeks .
12. The patient was passing quantities of urine.
13. He felt chest pains.
14. He is and has to be looked after by a nurse.
15. The children were tested for viral infection.
16. He has an desire to steal small objects.
17. Her shoulders are still where she got sunburnt.
18. Surgeons tried to sew the finger back onto the patient's hand.
19. She was for weeks after the death of her husband.
20. Bright light can be to your eyes.
12
UnitVerbs
00001
The sentences in Column A contain examples of useful verbs in medicine. In Column B there
are definitions of the verbs. Read the examples and match the verbs (in italics) with the definitions.
Then write the infinitive forms into the spaces in the definitions in Column
B. The first one has been done for you as an example.
Column A: Examples Column B: Definitions
1. After the accident the passengers a) diagnose means to identify a

were treated in hospital for cuts. condition or illness, by examining the
person and noting symptoms
2. Nurses dressed the wounds of the b) means to to use medical

accident victims. methods to cure a disease or help a sick
or injured person to recover
3. He specialises in children with c) means to make someone

breathing problems. healthy
d) means to put someone or

4. She suffers from headaches. something at risk
e) means to give instructions

5. She was vaccinated against smallpox as for a person to get a specific dosage of a
a child. drug or a specific form of therapeutic
treatment
6. Some forms of cancer cannot be f) means to study or treat

cured. one particular disease or one
particular type of patient
7. The calamine lotion will soothe the g) means to have an illness

rash. for a long period of time
h) means to treat a person for

8. The doctor diagnosed appendicitis. a condition by cutting open the body
and removing a part which is diseased
or repairing a part which is not
9. The doctor prescribed a course of functioning correctly
antibiotics.
i) means to introduce vaccine
into a person's body in order to make
10. The drug suppresses the body's the body create its own antibodies, so
natural instinct to reject the making the person immune to the
transplanted tissue. disease
j) means to relieve pain

11. The operation may endanger the life
of the patient. k) means to clean a wound
and put a covering over it
12. The surgeons decided to operate as l) means to reduce the action

the only way of saving the baby's of something completely, e.g. to
life. remove a symptom or to stop the
release of a hormone
13
Unit
Verbs0000
2
The sentences in Column A contain examples of useful verbs in medicine. In Column B there
are definitions of the verbs. Read the examples and match the verbs (in italics) with the definitions.
Then write the infinitive forms into the spaces in the definitions in Column
B. The first one has been done for you as an example.
Column A: Examples Column B: Definitions
1. He was admitted this morning. a) means to pass from one

place to another
2. The cancer is not responding to
drugs. b) means to damage or hurt
someone or something
3. He was still limping three weeks after
the accident. c) means to go through or
into something
4. The doctors saved the little boy from
dying of cancer. d) means to make a hole
through something
5. The end of the broken bone has
penetrated the liver. e) means to investigate the
inside of something
6. The new heart has performed very
well. f) means to stop someone
from being hurt or killed
7. The patient was transferred to a
special unit. g) means to walk awkwardly
because of pain, stiffness or
8. She fainted when she saw the blood. malformation of a leg or foot
9. The surgeon probed the wound with a

scalpel. h) admit means to register a
patient in a hospital
10. Walking to work every day won't
harm you. i) means to stop something
from happening
11. The treatment is given to prevent the
patient's condition from getting worse. j) means to react to
something or to begin to get better
because of a treatment
12. The ulcer perforated the duodenum.
k) means to stop being
conscious for a short time and,
usually, fall down
l) means to work
14
Unit 0000
Verbs: past tense ~ regular verbs
All the verbs in the box relate to medical matters. Use the past tense forms to complete the sentences. The first
question has been done for you as an example.
adaptaggravatedevelopexaminefaint fractureprolongreact
receiverecoverrequirestrainsuffer trembleweigh
1. He received a new kidney from his brother.
2. He his back lifting the table.
3. She from her concussion in a few days.
4. It was so hot standing in the sun that he .
5. The doctors decided that her condition surgery.
6. She from poor circulation, which made her feel the cold.
7. She well to her new diet.
8. The embryo quite normally in spite of the mother's illness.
9. His tibia in two places.
10. The patient badly to the penicillin.
11. The nurse the baby on the scales.
12. The treatment her life by three years.
13. Playing football only his knee injury.
14. The doctor the boy's throat.
15. His hands with the cold.
15
Unit 0000
Verbs: mixed tenses
All the verbs in the box relate to medical matters. Use them to complete the sentences. You may
have to change the forms of the verbs to fit the grammar of the sentences. (Remember the five
forms of English verbs - for example: take, takes, took, taken, taking.) The first question has been
done for you as an example.
amputate bite bruise burn control expel freeze heal hurt

measure overcome progress rebuild undergo visit
1. I am going to visit my brother in hospital.
2. She her disabilities and now leads a normal life.
3. After the accident her pelvis was completely .
4. She has several operations.
5. They my big toe to remove the nail.
6. She her knee on the corner of the table.
7. A thermometer temperature.
8. Air is from the lungs when a person breathes out.
9. His arm is so much he can't write.
10. A minor cut will faster if it is left without a bandage.
11. The girl her hand on a hot frying pan.
12. He his asthma with a bronchodilator.
13. The patient's leg needs to be below the knee.
14. She was by an insect.
15. The doctor asked how the patient was .
16
Phrasal verbs Unit 0000
Natural English conversation includes many phrasal verbs. These are verbs made up of two words:
a verb and a preposition. For example: 'I get up at eight o'clock'. Complete the sentences below
using the phrasal verbs in the box. You will have to change the forms of some of the verbs to make
the grammar of the sentence correct. The first one has been done for you as an example.
1. He got over his cold. Phrasal verbs
2. The nurses are her very well. break down = to start to cry and
become upset
3. He must have the disease when he was bring up = to cough up material such
travelling in Africa. as mucus from the lungs or throat
4. She often in front of the TV. cough up = to cough hard to expel a

substance from the trachea
5. When we told her that her father was ill, she drop off = to fall asleep
.
get around = to move about
6. She and cried as she described the
symptoms to the doctor. get over = to become better after an
illness or a shock
7. He his father.
give up = not to do something any
more
8. The doctor asked him to his shirt.
go down = to become smaller
9. He was mucus.
knock out = to hit someone so hard
that he or she is no longer conscious
10. Since she had the accident she using
crutches. look after = to take care of a person
and attend to his or her needs
11. I was advised to smoking.
pass out = to faint
12. He was by a blow to the head. the pick up = to catch a disease
13. The nurse patient with pillows. prop up = to support a person, e.g.
with pillows
14. The swelling has started to .
take after = to be like one or other
parent
15. She became worried when the girl started
blood. take off = to remove something,
especially clothes
Extension. Work with a partner: write a dialogue which includes at least seven of the phrasal
verbs from this page.
17
Unit 0000
Verbs: active/passive
Change the sentences below from active to passive tense. For example:
Active: The GP referred the patient to a consultant.
Passive: The patient was referred to a consultant by the GP.
Remember that it is not always necessary to mention the subject in a passive sentence. For example:
Active: We have identified the cause of this outbreak of dysentery.
Passive: The cause of this outbreak of dysentery has been identified.
1. The nurse noticed a rise in the patient's pulse rate.

Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The consultant is allowing him to watch the operation.

Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. All chemists sell the tablets.

Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. The doctor diagnosed appendicitis.

Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The paramedics comforted the injured person until the ambulance arrived.
Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. The midwife delivered the twins.

Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. The gland was producing an excess of hormones.

Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. They looked after him very well in hospital.

Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. We examined the tissue under the microscope.

Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. The doctor gave me an unpleasant mixture to drink.

Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. You cannot take the lotion orally.

Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Toxic fumes poisoned the workers.

Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. Doctors are predicting a rise in cases of whooping cough.

Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. The drug suppresses the body's natural instinct to reject the transplanted tissue.
Passive:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
18
Unit 0000
Adverbs
The sentences below do not read correctly. Identify the adverbs in the sentences and then swap the
adverbs around so that each sentence makes sense.
Some of the adverbs could be used in several of the sentences.
1. The bandage was medicinally tied around her wrist.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Immediately, she is very advanced for her age.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. If the patient sweats fairly, it may be necessary to cool his body with cold compresses.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. The tumour is excessively placed and not easy to reach.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. She manages all her patients very mentally.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. The relief team loosely requires more medical supplies.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. This is a physically antiseptic solution.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Mildly he is very weak, but his mind is still alert.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. He became ill efficiently after he came back from holiday.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. The herb can be used awkwardly.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. He has been working as a doctor only for a severely short time.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Her breathing was urgently affected.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
19
Unit 0000
Prepositions
The sentences in this exercise contain mistakes. The mistakes are all in the prepositions and there
are three types:
1. missing preposition I spoke ^him about this last week. to

2. wrong preposition We're meeting again in ^Tuesday. on
3. unnecessary preposition I'll telephone to you tomorrow.
Find the mistakes and correct them.

1. The hospital has installed new apparatus through the physiotherapy department.
2. Her lips were cracked of the cold.
3. The boy's little toe was crushed the door.
4. The tissue was examined on the microscope.
5. It is important that needles used at injections should be sterilised.
6. He is recovering from a bout flu.
7. She was given to a pain-killing injection.
8. Some types of wool can irritate to the skin.
9. This report quotes the number of cases of cervical cancer from thousand patients tested.
10. The doctor put the patient to sleep within a strong narcotic.
11. She burnt her hand at the hot frying pan.
12. We have no spare beds on the hospital at the moment.
13. He will have an operation to remove of an ingrowing toenail.
14. Please ensure that the patient takes of his medicine.
20
Word stress 1 Unit 0000
One of the keys to English pronunciation is stress - emphasis. There are three possible patterns for
three-syllable words:
Group A: ■ □ □
A: ■ □ □ hos-pi-tal 1
B: □ ■ □ pre-scrip-tion 2
C: □ □ ■ rec-om-mend
3
Read these five conversations. Find all the three-syllable words
4
and classify them by their pronunciation. There are 27 in total.
Put them in the correct sections of the table on the right. The 5
first one has been done for you as an example.
6
Dialogue 1
7
. When was she admitted to hospital?
o At about four o'clock. 8
. Has there been any improvement?
o No, her condition is stable. We're waiting to see how 9
things develop.
10
Dialogue 2
. What do you recommend? 11
o Well, first of all: cut down on fatty foods.
12
. And what else?
o Take regular exercise, don't smoke and keep alcohol 13
down to a minimum.
Group B: □ ■ □
Dialogue 3 1 admitted
. What's the problem?
o I went to give him his injection and I saw that he'd 2
started to haemorrhage.
3
. We'll have to operate. Make sure all the
equipment is prepared.
4
o I'll go down to the theatre and check.
5
Dialogue 4
. So, is it serious? 6
o Don't worry. It's probably just an allergic reaction.
. Are you just saying that to reassure me? 7
o You're fine. Look, I'm going to give you a prescription
for some painkillers… 8
9
Dialogue 5
. Have you got the test results yet? 10
o Well, they're still incomplete, but it's clear that it's
positive. 11
. Any idea when infection took place?
o I'd say five or six weeks ago, but that's just an opinion. Group C: □ □ ■
Do you want to see her medical history? 1
Extension. Practise the dialogues with a partner. 2
3
21
Unit
Word0000
stress 2
One of the keys to English pronunciation is stress - emphasis. There are three normal patterns for
four-syllable words:
A: ■ □ □ □ vac-ci-na-ted B: □ ■ □ □ pneu-mo-ni-a C: □ □ ■ □ in-flu-en-za
Exercise 1. Complete the sentences below

Exercise 2. Decide which pronunciation pattern
using the four-syllable words in the table. The first question has is correct for each of the words in the table and
been done for you as an example.
tick the appropriate column.
1. She appeared to be improving, but a complication set in
and she died a few hours later. A B C
■□ □ □ □ ■ □ □ □ □ ■ □
2. Bell's Palsy causes facial .
anaesthetic
3. Come right now: it's an !
analysis
4. The patient was having difficulties breathing so we put
him on a . circulation
5. She had an to replace the cornea. communicate
6. He was given a general compatible
before the
surgeons began work.
complication
7. As a precaution against AIDS we use
needles.
coordinate
8. He can't take aspirin: he has an
to it. dehydration
9. Rub your hands together to get the demonstrated

going.
disposable
10. He couldn't the movements of his arms
and legs. emergency
11. An was organised to test the drug on a experiment
small group of people.
12. Tests confirmed the of the growth. intolerance
13. This is the allergen which was for the malignancy

patient's reaction.
operation
14. showed that the food contained
bacteria. paralysis
15. The surgeons are trying to find a donor. penicillin

16. A diet high in fats increases the risk of respirator
heart disease.
responsible
17. The surgeon to the students how to make the
incision.
saturated
18. As many as 60-70% of diarrhoeal deaths are caused by
.
19. Autistic children do not with anyone.
20. is a common antibiotic produced from a

fungus.
22
Present simple Unit 0000
Verbs in the present tense add an 's' in the third person singular: I work, you work, he/she/it works. But
the 's' has three different pronunciations. Look at these examples:
A: /s/, for example treats

B: /z/, for example heals
C: /Iz/, for example changes
Find the third person present tense verbs in these sentences and classify them by their
pronunciation. Put them in the correct columns in the table on the right. Be careful: some
sentences have more than one example. There are 27 verbs in total. The first one has been
completed for you as an example.
1. The patient breathes with difficulty and coughs and
sneezes constantly. Group A: /s/
1…………………………
2. This drug helps to alleviate the symptoms and reduces the risk 2…………………………
of reinfection. 3…………………………
4…………………………
3. A person whose resistance is low catches diseases more easily. 5…………………………
6…………………………
4. When someone panics his heart beats more rapidly and his 7…………………………
temperature rises. 8…………………………
9…………………………
5. The laboratory analyses the blood samples and then the doctor
examines the results and diagnoses the condition.
Group B: /z/ 1.…
breathes………… .
6. He then recommends a course of treatment and prescribes any
2…………………………
necessary drugs.
3…………………………
7. This drug relaxes the muscles and relieves pain. 4…………………………
5…………………………
8. The gland releases hormones into the bloodstream, causing an 6…………………………
immediate reaction. 7…………………………
8…………………………
9. If the patient sleeps well, he wakes feeling refreshed. 9…………………………
10. She suffers constant pain and controls it by using morphine. Group C: /Iz/
1…………………………
11. This treatment counteracts the effects of the infection.
2…………………………
3…………………………
12. It is a procedure which cures the condition or kills the patient.
4…………………………
13. If the surgeon operates now the chance of success increases to about 5…………………………
50%. 6…………………………
7…………………………
14. The sinoatrial node regulates the heart beat. 8…………………………
9…………………………
Extension. The same rule applies to plural nouns: /s/ patients, /z/ doctors, /Iz/ nurses. Work with
a partner and find five example nouns for each sound.
23
Unit
Past 0000
tense
Regular verbs have three different pronunciations in the past tense (or the past participle). The
difference is in the sound you use for the ending. Look at these examples:
A: /t/, for example placed

B: /d/, for example examined
C: /Id/, for example injected
Find the past tense verbs in these sentences and classify them by their pronunciation. Put them in
the correct columns in the table on the right. Be careful: some sentences have more than one
verb. There are 23 examples in total. The first one has been done for you as an example.
1. She was vaccinated against smallpox as a child.

Group A: /t/
2. The doctor diagnosed him as having hepatitis B. 1…………………………
2…………………………
3. Her condition improved, so we reduced the dose. 3…………………………
4…………………………
4. He consulted a specialist, who recommended surgery.
5…………………………
5. The patient coughed and sneezed all through the consultation. 6…………………………
7…………………………
6. The surgeons replaced her hip with a metal one. 8…………………………
7. The doctor prescribed a course of antibiotics. Group B: /d/

1…………………………
8. The doctor's speedy action prevented further complications.
2…………………………
3…………………………
9. The pharmacist mixed the chemicals in this bottle.
4…………………………
10. The surgeons operated immediately on the child. 5…………………………
6…………………………
11. He was completely cured. 7…………………………
12. The nurse disinfected and dressed the wound.

Group C: /Id/ 1…
vaccinated…..…….
13. She was treated by a heart specialist.
2..................……………
14. His pulse rate increased by 10%. 3…………………………
4…………………………
15. The attack was preceded by a rise in body temperature. 5…………………………
6…………………………
16. The surgical instruments were sterilised before use.
7…………………………
8…………………………
17. Nobody noticed that the patient's blood pressure had dropped.
18. The surgeon probed the wound with a scalpel.
24
Unit advice
Good 0000
These sentences all give very good advice, but they have been divided into separate halves. Match
the half-sentences in Column A with the half-sentences in Column B to make 14 sentences
which are correct, complete and true.
Column A Column B
1. Regular exercise is ... a) ... burn easily in the sun.
b) ... cause back pain.

2. A balanced diet should ...
c) ... be inoculated against

3. Medicines should ... diphtheria.
4. A patient in shock should ... d) ... be kept out of the reach of

children.
5. Not taking any exercise is ... e) ... be kept warm and lying
down.
6. Reading in bad light can ...

f) ... about 2.5 litres of fluid each
day.
7. You should do ...
g) ... good for the heart.
8. A normal adult should drink ...

h) ... five minutes' exercise
every morning.
9. HIV can be transmitted ...
i) ... be sterilised before use.
10. Bad posture can ...
j) ... make the eyes ache.
11. People with fair complexions ...

k) ... provide all the nutrients
needed, in the correct
12. Surgical instruments must ... proportions.
l) ... an unhealthy way of living.

13. Babies should ...
m) ... be by pressure and
elevation.
14. Haemorrhage control routinely n) ... by using non-sterile needles.
should ...
Extension. Working with a partner, write five pieces of medical advice.
25
Unit 0000meanings
Multiple
Some words have more than one meaning. For example, the word pulse means the pressure
wave in an artery when the heart beats, but it also refers to a certain type of vegetable: beans
and peas. In the table below 19 meanings appear in the column on the left. Match each meaning
to one of the seven words across the top. The first one has been done for you as an example.
cold fit focus light notice patient turn
1. A person who is in hospital or who is
being treated by a doctor.
2. To attach an appliance correctly.
3. The point where light rays converge

through a lens.
4. To see or be aware of something.
5. To change into something different.
6. Weighing a comparatively small amount.
7. An illness, with inflammation of the nasal

passages, in which someone sneezes and
coughs and has a blocked and running nose.
8. The centre of an infection.
9. To move the head or body to face in

another direction.
10. Being able to wait a long time without

getting annoyed.
11. A piece of writing giving information,
usually put in a place where everyone can
see it.
12. To have convulsions.
13. A slight illness or attack of dizziness.
14. A sudden attack of a disorder, especially

convulsions and epilepsy.
15. The energy that makes things bright and

helps a person to see.
16. To adjust a lens until an image is clear

and sharp.
17. Strong and physically healthy.
18. Not warm or hot.

19. Referring to hair or skin which is very
pale.
26
Odd one out Unit 0000
In each set of words one is the odd one out: different from the others. Find the word that is
different, and circle it.
For example:
callosum.................... cerebellum................... colliculus.................... coccyx..........................
Coccyx is the odd one out. It is a bone; the others are all parts of the brain.
1. aching..................... bleeding.................. nagging................... throbbing................
2. hand....................... kidney..................... leg........................... liver.........................
3. ankle....................... elbow..................... knee........................ forearm...................
4. ear.......................... eye......................... face......................... nose........................
5. nurse....................... orderly..................... surgeon................... patient....................
6. bandage.................. forceps.................... probe...................... scalpel.....................
7. expiration................ inspiration............... respiration............... supination...............
8. cataracts.................. eyelids..................... nearsightedness....... strabismus...............
9. improve................... get better................ recover.................... relapse....................
10. iris........................... lens......................... palm........................ pupil........................
11. oval window............ semicircular canals... tympanic membrane vertebral column.....
12. aluminium............... copper.................... iron......................... zinc.........................
13. break....................... crack....................... fracture................... wound....................
14. metacarpal bone..... nasal bone............... occipital bone.......... zygomatic arch........
15. liver......................... heart....................... pancreas.................. spleen.....................
16. bite......................... chew....................... swallow................... taste........................
17. hepatalgia……..….. hernia……………… liver………………. hepatocyte……..….
18. epidermis………….. pore……………….. dermis………..…… diabetes……..……
27
Unit
Body0000
parts - categories
In this table there are 38 words for parts of the body and six categories. Decide which category
or categories each part belongs to. The first one has been done for you as an example.
arm hand leg foot torso head

abdomen x
Achilles tendon
ankle
buttock
calf
chest
chin
ear
elbow
eye
eyebrow
eyelash
eyelid
finger
forearm
forehead
gum
hip
knee
knuckle
lip
nail
navel
neck
nipple
nose
palm
rib
scalp
shoulder
sole
temple
thigh
thumb
toe
tongue
tooth
wrist
28
Opposites 2
Exercise 1.
Match the words in italics with their opposites in the box on the right. The first one has been done
for you as an example.
1. The opposite of back is ……front…………………… alive
2. The opposite of acute is ……………………………… chronic
3. The opposite of dead is ………………………………… closed
4. The opposite of improve is …………………………….. deteriorate
5. The opposite of healthy is ……………………………… front
6. The opposite of open is ………………………………… ill
7. The opposite of major is ……………………………… increase
8. The opposite of reduce is …………………………….. malignant
9. The opposite of smooth is ……………………………. minor
10. The opposite of benign is ………………………………. rough
Exercise 2.
Complete these sentences using the words from Exercise 1. Use one word from each pair of
opposites.
1. She had an attack of shingles.
2. He became excited, causing his pulse rate to .
3. He was very ill, but now his condition has begun to .
4. The calf muscles are at the of the lower leg.
5. She put cream on her hands, which were from heavy work.
6. The tumour is and so may reappear even if removed surgically.
7. The hospital is to visitors from noon to five o'clock.
8. The doctor arrived too late: the patient was already .
9. There's nothing wrong with you: you're completely .
10. He had to undergo surgery on his heart.
other asks questions such as "What's the opposite of back?".
29
Abbreviations
Test your medical abbreviations. What do the following stand for? Check the ones you don't
know in the dictionary. The first one has been done for you as an example.
1. A & E ……Accident & Emergency…………..............………………………………………………
2. AIDS ……………………………………………………….................…………………………………
3. BMR …………………………………………………………………….................……………………
4. CAT ………………………………………………………………………………….................………
5. CHD ………………………………………………………………………………………….................
6. D & V ………………………………………………………………………………………….................
7. DOA ………………………………………………………………………………………….................
8. GP .............…………………………………………………………………………………………....
9. HAV ………………………………………………………………………………………….................
10. HIV ………………………………………………………………………………………….................
11. MND .............…………………………………………………………………………………………....
12. OTC ………………………………………………………………………………………….................
13. PM .............…………………………………………………………………………………………....
14. PMA ………………………………………………………………………………………….................
15. PMT ………………………………………………………………………………………….................
16. RQ .............…………………………………………………………………………………………....
17. RSI .............…………………………………………………………………………………………....
18. SAD ………………………………………………………………………………………….................
19. SIDS ………………………………………………………………………………………….................
20. STI …………….………..………………………………………………………………….................
21. TB .............…………………………………………………………………………………………....
22. TBI .............…………………………………………………………………………………………....
23. UV .............…………………………………………………………………………………………....
24. VDH ………………………………………………………………………………………….................
25. WHO ………………………………………………………………………………………….................
other asks questions such as "What does A & E stand for?".
30
Symptoms & common illnesses 1
These words are all used to talk about illnesses: their symptoms and effects. Tick the ones you
understand. Check the others in the dictionary.
1. allergic reaction 6. inflammation 11. resistance
2. blister 7. itchy 12. runny nose
3. cough 8. malformation 13. sneeze
4. fever 9. malaise 14. spot
5. infectious 10. rash 15. swelling
Read the descriptions below and match them to the names of the illnesses in the box on the
right.
1. An infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract with fever and
allergic rhinitis
muscular aches, which is transmitted by a virus and can occur in
coryza
epidemics.
infectious parotitis
……………………………………………………………………
influenza
pertussis
2. A common infectious viral disease of children, with mild fever,
rubella rubeola
swollen lymph nodes and a rash. It can cause stillbirth or
varicella
malformation of an unborn baby if the mother catches the disease
while pregnant.
……………………………………………………………………
3. An illness, with inflammation of the nasal passages, in which someone sneezes and coughs and has a
blocked and running nose.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. An infectious disease of children, caused by a herpes virus, and characterised by fever and red spots
which turn to itchy blisters.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. An infectious disease of children where the body is covered with a red rash. It can weaken the body's
resistance to other disease, especially bronchitis and ear infections. If caught by an adult it can be very
serious.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. An infectious disease of children, with fever and swellings in the salivary glands, caused by a
paramyxovirus.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. An infectious disease affecting the bronchial tubes, common in children and sometimes very serious. The
patient coughs very badly and makes a characteristic 'whoop' when inhaling after a coughing fit.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Inflammation in the nose and eyes caused by an allergic reaction to plant pollen, mould spores, dust
mites or animal hair.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
31
32
Symptoms & common illnesses 2
Exercise 1.
Many illnesses also have informal names. Match the informal and formal names listed below.
The first one has been done for you as an example.
INFORMAL FORMAL
1. Chickenpox is the same as allergic rhinitis
2. A cold is the same as infectious parotitis
3. The flu is the same as coryza
4. German measles is the same as influenza
5. Hay fever is the same as rubella
6. Measles is the same as rubeola
7. Mumps is the same as pertussis
8. Whooping cough is the same as varicella
Exercise 2.
Complete these six conversations between doctors and patients by writing in the name of the
illness. Use the informal terms from the table above.
1. What seems to be the trouble? 4. How are you today?

My eyes and my nose are running all the Oh, not very well. I've got a cough and a
time. terrible cold.
I feel terrible. Do you have a fever?
When did this begin? Umm, yes I do.
At the beginning of July. It's probably a touch of ……………………
It's probably just ……………………………
5. What's the problem?

2. What's the problem? It's my daughter. She's got a fever and this
It's my son. He's got a rash and swelling in swelling.
his armpits. Where's the swelling?
Does he have a fever? In her throat.
Yes. It could be……………………………………
Hmm. He may have………………………
6. So, what can I do for you?

3. How are you feeling? It's the twins. They're covered in these
I've got this terrible cough. dreadful red spots.
Mm-hmm. Are they experiencing any itching?
And after I cough I make a noise when I try Yes, they are.
to breathe. It may be……………………………………
Sounds like …………………………………
Extension. Practise the conversations with a partner.
Diagnosis
Read the eleven descriptions which follow, using your dictionary as and when necessary. What is the
disease or illness being described in each case?
1. A disorder of the nervous system in which there are convulsions and loss of consciousness due to
disordered discharge of cerebral neurons.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. A condition where tissues die and decay, as a result of bacterial action, because the blood supply has been
lost through injury or disease of the artery.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. A condition where the lens of the eye gradually becomes hard and opaque.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. A progressive nervous disorder without a known cause which is a type of Parkinsonism, the main
symptoms of which are trembling hands, a slow shuffling walk and difficulty in speaking.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. An infectious disease in which infected lumps form in the tissue. Its commonest form is infection of the
lungs, causing patients to lose weight, cough blood and have a fever. It is caught by breathing in germs or
by eating contaminated food, especially unpasteurised milk.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. A hereditary disease in which there is malfunction of the exocrine glands such as the pancreas, in particular
those which secrete mucus, causing respiratory difficulties, male infertility and malabsorption of food
from the gastrointestinal tract.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. A progressive disease of the liver, often associated with alcoholism, in which healthy cells are replaced
by scar tissue.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. A serious, infectious disease of children. Its first symptoms are a sore throat, followed by a slight fever, rapid
pulse and swelling of the glands in the neck. A fibrous growth like a membrane forms in the throat and
can close the air passages. The disease is often fatal, either because the patient is asphyxiated or because the
heart becomes fatally weakened.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. A disorder of the brain, mainly due to brain damage occurring before birth, or due to lack of oxygen
during birth. The patient may have bad coordination of muscular movements, impaired speech, hearing
and sight, and sometimes mental retardation.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Inflammation of the membrane lining the intestines and the stomach, caused by a viral infection, and
resulting in diarrhoea and vomiting.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Extension. Write a description of a disease or illness and see if your partner can recognise it.
33
34 For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
How it works
Match the half-sentences in column A with the half-sentences in column B to make 18
sentences which are correct, complete and true. The first one has been done for you as an example.
Column A Column B
1. Fluid accumulates in the tissue … a) ... the acetabulum at the hip and the tibia at
the knee.
2. The autonomic nervous system works ...
b) …the chest muscles relax and the lungs
3. Cartilage is thick connective tissue
become smaller.
which …
c) ... as a man grows older.
4. A blood vessel is any tube (artery, vein,
capillary) that … d) … of patients suffering from dropsy.
5. The pituitary gland secretes hormones e) ... according to the ABO system.
that …
f) ... deoxygenated blood from the heart to the
6. The femur joins … lungs for oxygenation.
7. Expiration takes place when … g) ... lines the joints and acts as a cushion.
8. The pulmonary arteries take ... h) ... to digest fatty substances and to
neutralise acids.
9. The trachea runs …
i) … is about 72 beats a minute.
10. Bile is produced by the liver, stored in the
gall bladder and used … j) … derived from the carotid artery.
11. The colon is divided ... k) ... when a person is asleep or even
unconscious.
12. Holocrine glands ...
l) ... to human life.
13. The prostate gland tends to enlarge ...
m) … carries blood round the body.
14. The very high frequency waves of
ultrasound … n) … from the larynx to the lungs.
15. Oxygen is essential … o) ... can be used to detect and record

organs or growths inside the body.
16. The supply of blood to the sublingual
region is … p) ... into four distinct sections.
17. The normal adult pulse … q) ... are secretory only.
18. Blood groups may be classified … r) .… control the functioning of the other
glands.
Instruments and equipment
Match each of the following instruments and items of equipment with its correct description
below. The first one has been done for you as an example.
bandage catheter curette drain forceps gag hook pipette

probe scalpel sling splint stethoscope stretcher
syringe thermometer tourniquet wheelchair
1. wheelchair = a chair with wheels in which someone can sit and move around
2. = a small sharp-pointed knife used in surgery
3. = an instrument used to explore inside a cavity or wound
4. = a surgical instrument with handles like a pair of scissors, made in different sizes and with
differently shaped ends, used for holding and pulling
5. = a surgical instrument like a long thin spoon, used for scraping the inside of an
organ
6. = a thin glass tube used for taking and measuring samples of liquid
7. = an instrument or tight bandage wrapped round a limb to constrict an artery, so

reducing the flow of blood and stopping bleeding from a wound
8. = a surgical instrument with a bent end used for holding structures apart in
operations
9. = a tube used to remove liquid from the body
10. = an instrument placed between the teeth to stop the mouth from closing
11. = a medical instrument made of a tube with a plunger which either slides down inside the
tube, forcing the contents out through a needle as in an injection, or slides up the tube, allowing a liquid
to be sucked into it
12. = a tube passed into the body along one of the passages in the body
13. = a piece of cloth which is wrapped around a wound or an injured limb
14. = a triangular bandage attached around the neck, used to support an injured arm and prevent
it from moving
15. = a folding bed, with handles, on which an injured person can be carried by two
people
16. = a stiff support attached to a limb to prevent a broken bone from moving
17. = two earpieces connected to a tube and a metal disc, used to listen to sounds made inside the
body
18. = an instrument for measuring temperature
Extension. Work with a partner and test each other. For example: "What do you call a chair
with wheels in which someone can sit and move around?"
35
Chemistry
What are the names for the symbols of the chemical elements and compounds in the table below?
Complete the 'name' column and connect each substance to the notes which refer to it. The first one
Symbol Name Notes
(a) acid found in the gastric juices which helps to break apart the
1. Na ...sodium (e)...
food
2. Ca ....................... (b) acid which forms cyanide
3. Pb ....................... (c) main alkaloid substance found in tobacco
(d) used as a contrast when taking X-ray photographs of soft tissue

4. Ti .......................
5. Ba ....................... (e) the basic substance in salt
(f) metallic element which is the basis of a radioactive isotope used

6. Zn .......................
to treat cancer
(g) colourless gas with a sweet smell, used in combination with other
7. Fe .......................
gases as an anaesthetic in dentistry and surgery
(h) colourless gas which is present in air and essential to
8. Co .......................
human life
(i) one of the common non-metallic elements which is an
9. Cl ....................... essential component of living matter and organic chemical
compounds
(j) an essential part of the red pigment in red blood cells,
10. He .......................
found in liver and eggs
11. S ....................... (k) gas which combines with oxygen to form water
(l) heavy soft metallic element which is poisonous in

12. Au .......................
compounds
(m) very light gas used in combination with oxygen, especially to
13. O .......................
relieve asthma or sickness caused by decompression
14. H ....................... (n) light metallic element which does not corrode
(o) gas which is the main component of air and an essential part
15. HCl .......................
of protein
(p) metallic element which is the major component of bones and
16. N .......................
teeth
17. HCN ....................... (q) powerful greenish gas, used to sterilise water
(r) soft yellow-coloured precious metal, used as a compound in

18. C .......................
various drugs, and sometimes as a filling for teeth
19. N2O ....................... (s) white metallic trace element
20. C10H14N2 ....................... (t) yellow non-metallic element found in some amino acids
Extension. Check the pronunciation of the 20 elements and compounds, then work with a
partner to test each other: one person writes the symbol, while the other says the names.
Anagrams 1
Solve the anagrams by reading the clues and putting the letters in order to form words. Write
your answers in the grid to find the mystery word spelled by their initial letters.
1. Action of breathing………………………………………
RAEINOPRIST
2. Sensitivity to certain substances, such as pollen or dust which
AEGLLRY
cause a physical reaction...…………………………
3. A female child of a parent…………………………………

ADEGHRTU
4. Cut in a person's body made by a surgeon using a
CIIINNOS
scalpel…………..............................................................
5. Surgical intervention………………………………………. AEINOOPRT
6. Study of the process of ageing and the diseases of old

EGGLNOOORTY
people…….....................................................................
7. Becoming worse after seeming to get better…………… AEELPRS
8. Equipment used in a laboratory or hospital……………... AAAPPRSTU
9. Give instructions for a person to receive a specific dosage

BCEEIPRRS
of a drug.…..….................................................
10. Place where sick or injured people are looked AHLIOPST

after…………….............................................................
11. Physical or mental activity………………………………… CEEEIRSX
12. The ability of a person not to get a disease……………….. ACEEINRSST
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Mystery word: a person specially trained to operate a machine to take X-ray photographs
37
Parts of the body crossword 1
All the answers in this crossword are parts of the body.
1 2 3 4 5
6 7
8 9 10
11 12 13
14 15 16
17
18
19 20
21
22 23
24
25
26 27
ACROSS DOWN
1. Joins the femur and the tibia (4)
1. It cleans your blood (6)
2. The organ into which food passes after being
3. Main part of the body, without the arms,
swallowed and where the process of digestion
legs and head (5)
continues (7)
6. The first part of the small intestine (8) 4. A major artery (5)
8. Hinged joint in the arm (5) 5. Connected to 8 across, funnily enough (7)
10. It grows on your head (4) 7. Eye socket (5)
11. The upper chambers of 18 across (5) 9. Narrow part of the body below the chest
12. Breathing organs (5) and above the buttocks (5)
15. They carry blood to 11 across (5) 12. The major detoxicating organ (5)
17. Part of the body with which a person sees (3) 13. Hard growth which forms on the top
18. The organ which moves blood around your surface at the end of each finger and toe (4)
body (5) 14. Cheekbone (6)
21. Cell in the nervous system which transmits 16. Protects the brain (5)
impulses (6)
18. At the end of your arm (4)
22. An organ which secretes substances which act
19. The throat or neck, major artery (7)
elsewhere in the body (5)
20. The back of each joint on a person's hand (7)
24. A white oily substance in the body, which
stores energy and protects the body against 23. Bundle of fibres which take impulses from
cold (3) one part of the body to another (5)
25. Tissue which forms the outside surface of the 24. End part of the leg on which a person
body (4) stands (4)
26. Type of nerve ending or cell (8)
27. For hearing with (3)
38
Communicative crossword 1 sheet A
This crossword is not complete: you have only half the words. The other half are on sheet
B. Check that you know the words in your crossword. Then work with a partner who has sheet B
to complete the two crosswords. Follow these three rules:
1. Speak only in English.
2. Don't say the word in the crossword. "What's one across?"

→ across, ↓ down
3. Don't show your crossword to your partner.
1 2 3 4
R A I S E
E T
5 6
H E A R T A T T A C K
N I H
7 8
G N
9 10 11
I A
N
12 13 14 15
H E A R G A S
E A
16
F G
17
N A I L I
E T
18 19
A P E X T
20
A A
21 22
R P L
23 24 25 26
S E R E T E
E G
27 28
L G
39
Communicative crossword 1 sheet B
A. Check that you know the words in your crossword. Then work with a partner who has sheet
A to complete the two crosswords. Follow these three rules:

1 2 3 4
S L E E P Y
C A
5 6
H T
I
7 8
Z Y G O T E
9 10 11
O P L A C E B O
P I Y V
12 13 14 15
H G E E
R L L R
16
E O G L A N D
17
N T S O
I T H S
18 19
A I E E
20
S C A N S
21 22
H
23 24 25 26
I N S P E C T
P I
27 28
S H O U L D E R L E G
40
Anagrams 2
Solve the anagrams by reading the clues and putting the letters in order to form words. Write
your answers in the grid to find the mystery word spelled by their initial letters.
1. Main part of the brain………………………………………. BCEEMRRU
2. Value calculated by adding together several quantities and AAEEGRV

dividing the total by the number of quantities……………
3. Effect produced by a stimulus……………………………… ACEINORT
4. Way of acting……………………………………………….
ABEHIORUV
5 To notice or to see something and understand it…………

BEEORSV CCHIPU
6. Spasm causing sudden inhalation followed by closure of the

glottis which makes a characteristic sound………….... ANWY
7. Reflex action when tired or sleepy………………………….

ADEEIORRTTE
8. To become worse…………………………………………..
AAEILNORTX
9. Reducing strain or stress…………………………………….

AAEKW
10. Not asleep…………………………………………………..

AEEHRTT
11. Operating room…………………………………………….

TMECEI
12. Causing vomiting…………………………………………..
10
11
12
Mystery word: found in sugar and starch, and provides the body with energy
41
Word search
Find the 28 medical terms and expressions hidden in the letters below; 14 read across and 14 read
down. The first word has been found for you as an example. The clues listed beneath will help
you to find all of the words.
P A T H O L O G I S T W
E C N O S T R I L P R O
N L S C R E E N I O I M
D I M M U N E A V T C B
E N B C S L I D E W E T
M I L B E D S O R E P H
I C O R T I S O N E S E
C H C P A N C R E A S R
D O U E T A P A A G T N
F S M L I S P S S E A I
A T O N Y A G H E H K A
I R O N A L L E R G E N
1. Number of years that a person has lived

2. Substance which produces hypersensitivity
3. Lack of tone or tension in the muscles
4. Decubitus ulcer
5. Small hospital or department in a large hospital which deals only with walking patients or which
specialises in the treatment of certain conditions
6. Hormone secreted in small quantities by the adrenal cortex
7. To make pain or worry less
8. Referring to any disease which is very common in certain places
9. Condition where an organ bulges through a hole or weakness in the wall which surrounds it
10. Person or animal on which a parasite lives
11. Protected against an infection or allergic disease
12. Chemical element essential to the body, found in liver, eggs, etc.
13. Large gland in the upper part of the abdomen
14. Speech defect where the patient has difficulty in pronouncing 's' sounds and replaces them with 'th'
15. Doctor who takes the place of another doctor for a time
16. Referring to the nose
17. One of the two passages in the nose through which air is breathed in or out
18. Gland which lies across the back of the body between kidneys
19. Doctor who examines dead bodies to find out the cause of death
20. Mass of small spots which stays on the skin for a period of time, and then disappears
21. Light wall, sometimes with a curtain, which can be moved about and put round a bed to shield the patient
22. Piece of glass, on which a tissue sample is placed, to be examined under a microscope
23. Small round mark or pimple
24. To swallow a medicine
25. To remove or drain liquid from part of the body
26. Muscle formed of three parts, which are joined to form one tendon
27. Not dry
28. Uterus
42
B. Check that you know the words in your crossword. Then work with a partner who has sheet
B to complete the two crosswords. Follow these three rules:

1 2 3 4 5 6
R R C T
7
E E H E
8
D T A N
U I I D
9
C R N O
10 11
T R A C E E R N
I M E
12 13 14
O P C H E A L T H
15 16
N U O C
17 18
T C T R I P
19
A A H I
20 21
B T L O
N E E N
22 23 24
O M A N I C
25 26
R S L
27
M A L I G N O
A I S
28
L M E
43

1 2 3 4 5 6
R E C O V E R
7
U I H O M E
8
D O R M A N T
E B
9
L A R Y N X
10 11
E
12 13 14
H
15 16
N E U R O N Y
17 18
C A T P
19
O
20 21
B O T T L E C O U N T
H
22 23 24
O E
25 26
L I V E R
27
A M
I
28
L Y M P H A D E N O M A
44
Parts of the body crossword 2
All the answers to this crossword are parts of the body.
1 2 3 4
5 6 7
8 9
10
11 12
13
14 15 16 17
18 19
20
21
22
23
ACROSS DOWN
1. Ligament (5) 1. All the bones which make up a body (8)
4. One of the calcified pieces of connective 2. Joint between the hand and the forearm (5)
tissue which make 1 down (4) 3. Branch of a nerve, artery or vein (5)
5. Organ used for hearing (3) 4. Encephalon (5)
8. Sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch (6) 6. Inside layer of the eye which is sensitive to
11. It connects your foot to your leg (5) light (6)
13. Thorax (5) 7. In the middle of your face (4)
14. Other side to the front (4) 9. Cavity inside the body, including the
16. Egg-producing organ (5) cavities inside the head behind the
cheekbone, forehead and nose (5)
20. Clavicle (10)
10. Main muscle in 13 across (8)
21. One of twenty-four inside 13 across
12. Part of the body which joins the head to
23. Plural of foot (4)
the body (4)
14. Air passage from the trachea to the lungs (8)
15. Human tail, at the end of the backbone (6)
17. One of two muscles in the top part of
the back which moves the shoulder
blades (8)
18. Soft, fat flesh (4)
19. Wall between two parts of an organ (6)
21. Radix, point from which a limb grows (4)
22. One of ten found on 23 across (3)
45
Gap fill crossword
Complete the crossword with the missing words from the sentences.
1 2 3 4
5 6
9 10
11
12 13
14 15
16 17
18
19 20 21
22 23
24 25
26
27
ACROSS DOWN
1. He a new type of catheter. (8) 1 The catheter is into the passage.
5. Blood were taken from all the staff (8)
in the hospital. (7) 2. How can you afford this
7. There is a of names in alphabetical treatment? (9)
order. (4) 3. She gave to twins. (5)
8. She must have a cold - her is 4. The surgeon was able to move the organ
running. (4) back to its position. (8)
9. We will the operating theatre with 6. The doctor put her to with a
the latest scanning devices. (5) powerful narcotic. (5)
10. Fear of snakes is a common . (6) 11. The patient suffers from an allergic
13. Sugar is a source of . (6) to oranges. (8)
14. The doctor the patient's broken 12. Her rate was very irregular. (5)
arm. (3) 14. The lining of the uterus is during
16. When she cut her finger it . (4) menstruation. (4)
17. He breathed in the smoke from the fire 15. When you add the reagent, the solution
and it made him . (5) will blue. (4).
18. He went to see an specialist about 20. We have out the extent of the
his deafness. (3) tumour. (6)
19. Anorexic patients may become and 21. The drug begins acting after a very short
may need hospitalisation. (9) . (4)
24. Can I make an to see Dr Jones? 22. There were two hundred of
(11) cholera in the recent outbreak. (5)
26. The box is so heavy she can't it off 23. The clinic has a of 100. (5)
the floor. (4) 25. The is the ratio of a person's
27. He became hysterical and had to be put mental age, given by an intelligence test,
under . (8) to the person's actual age. (2)
46
B. Check that you know the words in your crossword. Then work with a partner who has sheet
B to complete the two crosswords. Follow these three rules:

1 2 3 4
N T
5
E A
6
A L
7
R L P U S
S A
8
I R
G T
9 10
T E C H N I C I A N
T A
11 12
E L
13
D
14 15
S O N D
16
T E E
17
E S F
18 19
R S E
20
A I N
21 22 23
G L M C A L
24
D E P E N D E N C E D
47

1 2 3 4
E X A M I N A T I O N
5
P N H
6
I N C U R A B L E O
7
L Y S
E L T
8
P R O P R I E T A R Y
S S
9 10
Y T N
O A
11 12
M A T E R N A L R
13
W A O C
14 15
R S O
16
I E L E M E N T
17
S I T E I
18 19
T R E S O L V E C
20
O
21 22 23
I
24
N
48
Quiz
How many of these questions can you answer?
1. Name four sources of Vitamin D.
2. Complete the following sentence. "In human anatomy, the hand has a dorsal and a palmar
surface, and the foot a dorsal and a surface."
3. What is the difference between myopia and hypermetropia?
4. Which of the following substances are poisonous?

• arsenic
• cyanide
• fructose
• glucose
• polyunsaturated fat
• starch
• strychnine
5. Fill the gaps in the sentence with the correct numbers.

"Permanent teeth, otherwise known as adult teeth, are formed of eight incisors,
canines, premolars and molars."
6. What is the term for an organisation responsible for overseeing the provision of primary
healthcare and the commissioning of secondary care in a district. Key members include GPs,
community nurses, social services and lay members?
7. If a patient is living at home and going to a hospital for treatment, is he/she classed as an
"inpatient" or an "outpatient"?
8. What is the child's term for the stomach or abdomen?
9. Are the following statements true or false?
[T / F] Blood is formed of red and white corpuscles, platelets and plasma.

[T / F] The liver maintains the circulation of the blood around the body by its pumping action. [T / F]
A mastectomy is a surgical operation to deliver a baby by cutting through the abdominal wall
into the uterus.
10. What is the normal average human body temperature?
11. To which part of the body do words beginning with "gastr-" refer?
12. Formerly, burns were classified by degrees (first-degree burn and second-degree burn). The modern
classification is into two categories. What are these categories?
Extension. Work with a partner and write a medical knowledge quiz. Make sure you know the
answers. Then ask the questions to another pair of students in the class.
49
Vocabulary Record Sheet
WORD CLASS NOTES (Translation, definition, example, etc.)
This page can be photocopied.
Answer key
Answer key
Word-building Word formation: adjectives (p. 5)
Word association 1: missing links (p. 1) 1. The surgeons operated to repair the patient's
1. body defective heart valve.
2. pain 2. His diet is calcium-deficient.
3. bone 3. She is physically dependent on amphetamines.
4. muscle 4. The doctor noted an excessive amount of bile in the
5. eye patient's blood.
6. cell 5. A hypoglycaemic attack can be prevented by
eating glucose or a lump of sugar when feeling
Word formation: nouns (p. 2) faint.
6. The vaccine should make you immune to
Exercise 1. tuberculosis.
1. diagnosis 2. examination 3. prescription 7. They have periods when they are completely
4. suffering 5. operation 6. cure 7. recovery inactive.
8. analysis 9. infection 10. carrier 11. replacement 8. His foot is so painful that he can hardly walk.
12. degeneration 13. referral 14. paralysis 9. I suffered spinal injuries in the crash.
15. obstruction 10. She complained of stiff joints.
Exercise 2. Word association 2: partnerships (p. 6)

1. My diagnosis was that the patient had a heart
condition. Exercise 1.
2. I made a full examination of the patient. 1. administer a drug
3. I wrote a prescription for a course of antibiotics. 2. analyse a sample
4. He experienced very little suffering. 3. arrange an appointment
5. The operation was performed immediately. 4. burp a baby
6. There is no cure for this disease. 5. catch a cold
7. He has made a full recovery. 6. detect an improvement
8. The lab made an analysis of the blood sample. 7. discontinue the treatment
9. We found an infection in the tissue. 8. ease the pain
10. Ten per cent of the population are thought to be 9. resist some infections
carriers of the bacteria. 10. prescribe antibiotics
11. The patient was given a hip replacement.
12. There has been a degeneration in his condition. Exercise 2.
13. The patient was given a referral to a specialist. 1. The doctor will administer a drug to the patient.
14. He suffered paralysis of the arm after the stroke. 2. She was prescribed antibiotics.
15. The blood clot formed an obstruction in the 3. As soon as the patient reported severe side-
artery. effects, the doctor discontinued the
treatment.
Two-word expressions (p. 3) 4. I've caught a cold from one of my colleagues at
work.
1. heart attack 2. general anaesthetic 3. bone marrow 5. The laboratory analysed a sample of the food
4. surgical intervention 5. primary tooth 6. plastic surgery 7. and found traces of bacteria.
brain death 8. bedside manner 9. allergic reaction 10. 6. A healthy body can resist some infections.
clinical trial 11. malignant tumour 7. I would like to arrange an appointment with the
12. general practitioner 13. biological clock dental hygienist for 10.00am tomorrow.
14. digestive system 15. balanced diet 8. She had an injection to ease the pain in her leg.
9. The health visitor advised the new parents to
Plural formation (p. 4) burp the baby after feeding.
1. strata 2. feet 3. fibulae 4. glomeruli 10. The nurses detected an improvement in the
5. abscesses 6. joints 7. bullae 8. testes patient's condition.
9. septa 10. oesophagi 11. diagnoses 12. humeri
13. syringes 14. acetabula 15. larvae 16. chordae Opposites 1: prefixes (p. 7)
17. varices 18. fungi 19. ganglia 20. villi
21. atria 22. pontes 23. ova 24. bouts Exercise 1.
25. cortices or cortexes il- ir-
1. illegal 1. irreducible
2. irregular
51
Answer key
Answer key
im- un-
Adjectives 1 (p. 11)
1. immovable 1. unconscious
2. impalpable 2. uncontrollable
1. safe 2. poisonous 3. compatible 4. inoperable
3. impure 3. undigested
5. lethal 6. inborn 7. incipient 8. inactive 9. severe
4. unfit
10. confused 11. motionless 12. hygienic
5. unhealthy
13. predisposed 14. aware 15. delicate 16. insanitary
in- 6. unhygienic
17. depressed 18. regular 19. infectious 20. hoarse
1. inactive 7. unqualified
2. inadequate 8. unstable
Adjectives 2 (p. 12)
3. incoherent 9. unwell
4. incompatible
5. incomplete 1. lethal 2. critical 3. persistent 4. subjective
6. independent 5. infirm 6. inflamed 7. mobile 8. painful 9. viable
7. indirect 10. deaf 11. premature 12. excessive 13. acute
8. infertile 14. bedridden 15. latent 16. obsessive 17. tender
9. inoperable 18. severed 19. depressed 20. harmful
10. insanitary
11. insoluble Verbs 1 (p. 13)
Exercise 2. a) diagnose b) treat c) cure d) endanger e) prescribe

1. unconscious 2. unwell 3. incapable 4. unhealthy f) specialise g) suffer h) operate i) vaccinate j) soothe
5. irregular 6. unfit 7. unpasteurised 8. insanitary k) dress l) suppress
9. unstable 10. uncontrollable
Verbs 2 (p. 14)
Word formation: verbs (p. 8) a) transfer b) harm c) penetrate d) perforate

e) probe f) save g) limp h) admit i) prevent
Exercise 1. j) respond k) faint l) perform
1. abuse 2. admit 3. bandage 4. blood
5. breathe 6. coagulate 7. consult 8. convalesce Verbs: past tense ~ regular verbs (p. 15)
9. fertilise 10. identify 11. immunise 12. implant
13. macerate 14. manage 15. occur 16. perspire 1. received 2. strained 3. recovered 4. fainted
17. prepare 18. provide 19. reabsorb 5. required 6. suffered 7. adapted 8. developed
20. regenerate 21. register 22. regurgitate 9. fractured 10. reacted 11. weighed 12. prolonged
23. rehabilitate 24. reproduce 25. resuscitate 13. aggravated 14. examined 15. trembled
26. sedate 27. stammer 28. stitch 29. suppress
30. sweat Verbs: mixed tenses (p. 16)
1. visit 2. overcame 3. rebuilt 4. undergone

Word association 3: mind maps (p. 9) 5. froze 6. bruised 7. measures 8. expelled
9. hurting 10. heal 11. burnt 12. controls
Exercise 1. 13. amputated 14. bitten 15. progressing
1. operating theatre 2. theatre nurse 3. A&E department 4.
major surgery 5. surgeon 6. local anaesthetic 7. consultant Phrasal verbs (p. 17)
8. heart surgery 9. scrub up 10. surgery
1. got over 2. looking after 3. picked up 4. drops
off 5. passed out 6. broke down 7. takes after
Parts of Speech 8. take off 9. bringing up 10. got around 11. give up
12. knocked out 13. propped up 14. go down
Nouns (p. 10) 15. coughing up
1. allergy 2. paroxysms 3. overdose 4. surgery Verbs: active/passive (p. 18)

5. course 6. recurrence 7. tendency 8. examination
9. injection 10. exercise 11. ambulance 12. intake 1. A rise in the patient's pulse was noticed by the
13. biopsy 14. consent 15. progress 16. treatment nurse.
17. excess 18. accident 19. vaccination 20. rash 2. He is being allowed by the consultant to watch
the operation.
3. The tablets are sold by all chemists.
4. Appendicitis was diagnosed by the doctor.
52
Answer key
Answer key
5. The injured person was comforted by the 13. He will have an operation to remove of an
paramedics until the ambulance arrived. ingrowing toenail.
6. The twins were delivered by the midwife. 14. Please ensure that the patient takes of his
7. An excess of hormones was being produced by the medicine.
gland.
8. He was very well looked after in hospital. Pronunciation
9. The tissue was examined under the microscope.
10. I was given an unpleasant mixture to drink by the Word stress 1 (p. 21)
doctor. Group A: hospital regular exercise alcohol minimum
11. The lotion cannot be taken orally. haemorrhage operate theatre serious painkillers positive
12. The workers were poisoned by toxic fumes. medical history
13. A rise in cases of whooping cough is being Group B: admitted improvement condition develop injection
predicted by doctors. equipment allergic reaction prescription infection opinion
14. The body's natural instinct to reject the Group C: recommend reassure incomplete
transplanted tissue is suppressed by the drug.
Word stress 2 (p. 22)
Adverbs (p. 19) Exercise 1.

1. complication 2. paralysis 3. emergency
1. The bandage was loosely tied around her wrist. 4. respirator 5. operation 6. anaesthetic
2. Mentally, she is very advanced for her age. 7. disposable 8. intolerance 9. circulation
3. If the patient sweats excessively, it may be 10. coordinate 11. experiment 12. malignancy
necessary to cool his body with cold compresses. 13. responsible 14. Analysis 15. compatible
4. The tumour is awkwardly placed and not easy to 16. saturated 17. demonstrated 18. dehydration
reach. 19. communicate 20. Penicillin
5. She manages all her patients very efficiently.
6. The relief team urgently requires more medical Exercise 2.
supplies.
7. This is a mildly antiseptic solution.
8. Physically, he is very weak, but his mind is still
alert.
9. He became ill immediately after he came back
from holiday.
10. The herb can be used medicinally.
11. He has been working as a doctor only for a fairly
short time.
12. Her breathing was severely affected.
Prepositions (p. 20)
1. The hospital has installed new apparatus

through^ the physiotherapy department. in
2. Her lips were cracked of^ the cold. from
3. The boy's little toe was crushed^ the door. by
4. The tissue was examined on ^ the microscope.
under
5. It is important that needles used at^ injections
should be sterilised. for
6. He is recovering from a bout^ flu. of
7. She was given to a pain-killing injection.
8. Some types of wool can irritate to the skin.
9. This report quotes the number of cases of cervical
cancer from^ thousand patients tested. per
10. The doctor put the patient to sleep within a
strong narcotic.
11. She burnt her hand at^ the hot frying pan. on
12. We have no spare beds on^ the hospital at the
moment. in
A■□□□ B□■□□ C□□■□
53
anaesthetic x
analysis x
circulation x
communicate x
compatible x
complication x
coordinate x
dehydration x
demonstrated x
disposable x
emergency x
experiment x
intolerance x
malignancy x
operation x
paralysis x
penicillin x
respirator x
responsible x
saturated x
54
Answer key
Answer key
Present simple (p. 23) bones
14. metacarpal bone; the others are all in the skull
Group A: coughs helps panics beats sleeps wakes 15. pancreas; the others deal with blood
counteracts operates regulates 16. taste; the others are all physical actions
Group B: breathes examines recommends prescribes 17. hernia; the others relate to the liver
relieves suffers controls cures kills Group C: sneezes 18. diabetes; the others are all part of the skin
reduces catches rises analyses diagnoses relaxes releases
increases Body parts - categories (p. 28)
Past tense (p. 24) abdomen - torso knuckle - hand

Achilles tendon - foot lip - head
Group A: reduced coughed replaced mixed dressed ankle - leg (or foot) nail - hand (or foot)
increased noticed dropped buttock - torso navel - torso
Group B: diagnosed improved sneezed prescribed cured calf - leg neck - torso
sterilised probed chest - torso nipple - torso
Group C: vaccinated consulted recommended prevented chin - head nose - head
operated disinfected treated preceded ear - head palm - hand
elbow - arm rib - torso
eye - head scalp - head
Vocabulary in Context eyebrow - head shoulder - torso (or arm)
eyelash - head sole - foot
Good advice (p. 25) eyelid - head temple - head
1. g) 8. f) finger - hand thigh - leg
2. k) 9. n) forearm - arm thumb - hand
3. d) 10. b) forehead - head toe - foot
4. e) 11. a) gum - head tongue - head
5. l) 12. i) hip - torso (or leg) tooth - head
6. j) 13. c) knee - leg wrist - arm (or hand)
7. h) 14. m)
Opposites 2 (p. 29)
Multiple meanings (p. 26)
Exercise 1.
1. patient 2. fit 3. focus 4. notice 5. turn 6. light 1. front 2. chronic 3. alive 4. deteriorate 5. ill
7. cold 8. focus 9. turn 10. patient 11. notice 6. closed 7. minor 8. increase 9. rough
12. fit 13. turn 14. fit 15. light 16. focus 17. fit 10. malignant
18. cold 19. light
Exercise 2.
1. acute 2. increase 3. improve 4. back 5. rough
Odd one out (p. 27)
6. malignant 7. open 8. dead 9. healthy 10. major
1. bleeding; the others are words which describe

Abbreviations (p. 30)
types of pain
2. liver; you have two of all the others
1. A & E: Accident & Emergency
3. forearm; the others are all joints
2. AIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
4. face; the others are all specifically sense organs
3. BMR: Basal Metabolic Rate
5. patient; the others are all jobs
4. CAT: Computerised Axial Tomography
6. bandage; the others are all instruments
5. CHD: Coronary Heart Disease
7. supination; the others are all connected to
6. D & V: Diarrhoea & Vomiting
breathing
7. DOA: Dead On Arrival
8. eyelids; the others are all eye conditions
8. GP: General Practitioner
9. relapse; the others all mean to return to normal
9. HAV: Hepatitis A Virus
after an illness
10. HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
10. palm; the others are all parts of the eye
11. MI: Motor Neurone Disease
11. vertebral column; the others are all part of the ear
12. OTC: Over The Counter
12. aluminium; the others are all normally found in
13. PM: Post Mortem
the body 14. PMA: Progressive Muscular Atrophy
13. wound; the others refer principally to damage to 15. PMT: Premenstrual Tension
16. RQ: Respiratory Quotient
17. RSI: Repetitive Strain Injury
55
Answer key
Answer key
18. SAD: Seasonal Affective Disorder
Chemistry (p. 36)
19. SIDS: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
20. STI: Sexually Transmitted Infection
1. Na, sodium, (e) the basic substance in salt
21. TB: Tuberculosis
2. Ca, calcium, (p) metallic element which is the
22. TBI: Total Body Irradiation
major component of bones and teeth
23. UV: Ultraviolet
3. Pb, lead, (l) heavy soft metallic element which is
24. VDH: Valvular Disease of the Heart
poisonous in compounds
25. WHO: World Health Organization
4. Ti, titanium, (n) light metallic element which
does not corrode
Symptoms & common illnesses 1 (p. 31) 5. Ba, barium, (d) used as a contrast when taking X-
ray photographs of soft tissue
1. influenza 2. rubella 3. coryza 4. varicella 6. Zn, zinc, (s) white metallic trace element
5. rubeola 6. infectious parotitis 7. pertussis 7. Fe, iron, (j) an essential part of the red pigment in
8. allergic rhinitis blood cells, found in liver and eggs
8. Co, cobalt, (f) metallic element which is the basis of
Symptoms & common illnesses 2 (p. 32) a radioactive isotope used to treat cancer
9. Cl, chlorine, (q) powerful greenish gas, used to
Exercise 1. sterilise water
1. Chickenpox is the same as varicella 10. He, helium, (m) very light gas used in
2. A cold is the same as coryza combination with oxygen, especially to relieve
3. The flu is the same as influenza asthma or sickness caused by decompression
4. German measles is the same as rubella 11. S, sulphur, (t) yellow non-metallic element found in
5. Hay fever is the same as allergic rhinitis some amino acids
6. Measles is the same as rubeola 12. Au, gold, (r) soft yellow-coloured precious metal,
7. Mumps is the same as infectious parotitis used as a compound in various drugs, and sometimes
8. Whooping cough is the same as pertussis as a filling for teeth
13. O, oxygen, (h) colourless gas which is present in air
Exercise 2. and essential to human life
1. hay fever 2. German measles 3. whooping cough 14. H, hydrogen, (k) gas which combines with
4. flu 5. mumps 6. chickenpox oxygen to form water
15. HCI, hydrochloric acid, (a) acid found in the
Diagnosis (p. 33) gastric juices which helps to break apart the food
16. N, nitrogen, (o) gas which is the main
1. epilepsy 2. gangrene 3. cataracts 4. Parkinson's component of air and an essential part
disease 5. tuberculosis 6. cystic fibrosis 7. cirrhosis of protein
8. diphtheria 9. cerebral palsy 10. gastroenteritis 17. HCN, hydrocyanic acid, (b) acid which forms
cyanide
How it works (p.34) 18. C, carbon, (i) one of the common non-metallic
elements which is an essential component of living
1. d) 10. h) matter and organic chemical compounds
2. k) 11. p)
3. g) 12. q) 19. N2O, nitrous oxide, (g) colourless gas with a
4. m) 13. c) sweet smell, used in combination with other gases
5. r) 14. o) as an anaesthetic in dentistry and surgery
6. a) 15. l) 20. C10H14N2, nicotine, (c) main alkaloid substance
7. b) 16. j) found in tobacco
8. f) 17. i)
9. n) 18. e)
Instruments and equipment (p. 35)
1. wheelchair 2. scalpel 3. probe 4. forceps

5. curette 6. pipette 7. tourniquet 8. hook
9. drain 10. gag 11. syringe 12. catheter
13. bandage 14. sling 15. stretcher 16. splint
17. stethoscope 18. thermometer
56
Answer key
Answer key
Puzzles & Quizzes
Anagrams 1 (p. 37)

1. Respiration
2. Allergy
3. Daughter
4. Incision
5. Operation
6. Gerontology
7. Relapse
8. Apparatus
9. Prescribe
10. Hospital
11. Exercise
12. Resistance
Parts of the body crossword 1 (p. 38)

1 2 3 4 5
K S T A H
N E E O M C
I R O U
6 7
D O
U D E N U M R M
N R N T E
8 9 10
E W H
L B O K A I R
Y I A U
11 12 13
A L N
T R I A U G S
S I A
14 15 16
Z V S
T E I N
17
E
Y E E L K
18
H
G E A R T U
19 20
J K
O A L
21
N
U M E U R O N L
22 23
G N
L A D U
24
F
U E A T C
25
S
L R O K I N
A V O L
26 27
R E
E C E P T O R A R
57
Answer key
Answer key
Word search (p.42)
Anagrams 2 (p. 41) PATHOLOGISTW ECNOSTRILPRO
NLSCREENIO I M D I M M U N E
1. Cerebrum A V T C BE N B C S L I D
2. Average E W E TM I L B E D S O R
3. Reaction E P HI C O R T I S O N E
4. Behaviour S EC H C P A N C R E A S R
5. Observe D O U E T A P A A G T NF
6. Hiccup S M L I S P S S E A IA T
7. Yawn O N Y A G H E H K A
8. Deteriorate IRONALLERGEN
9. Relaxation
10. Awake
11. Theatre
12. Emetic
Parts of the body crossword 2 (p. 45)

1 2 3 4
S W R B
I N E O N E
K R A R
5 6 7
E R N
A I M A
L E S U I O
8 9
S S
E T T E N E S
T I I E
10
P
O N N
11 12
A N
N K L E U
13
C
E H E S T
C T
14 15 16 17
B C O R
A K V A Y
18 19
F S
R O R H
20
C
O O L L A R B O N E
N C A L M P
21
R
C Y B I B T
22
T
H X O O U
U O O I M
23
F
S E E T D
58
Answer key
Answer key
Gap fill crossword (p. 46)
1 2 3 4
I E B O
N V N T E D
N X I R
5 6
S S
A M P L E R I
7
L
E E I S T G
8
N
R O S E H I
T S E N
9 10
E P
Q U I P H O B I A
11
R
D V L
12 13
P E
N E R G Y
14 15
S T
U A E
16 17
B C
L E D O U G H U
18
E
S T A R
19 20 21
E M T
A C I A E D N
22 23
C S
A O I
24 25
A I
P P O N T M E N T
S P Q E A
26
L
E E I F T
27
S
E D A T I O N F
Quiz (p. 49)
1. butter, egg yolk, fish liver oils, oily fish, yeast (Vitamin D is also produced in the skin when exposed to sunlight.)
2. plantar
3. Myopia is a condition where the patient can see clearly objects which are close, but not ones which are far away, whereas
with hypermetropia, the patient sees more clearly objects which are a long way away, but cannot see objects which are
close. (More common words for myopia are shortsightedness or nearsightedness. A more common word for
hypermetropia is longsightedness.)
4. arsenic; cyanide; strychnine
5. four canines, eight premolars and twelve molars
6. primary care group
7. outpatient
8. tummy
9. True, False (The organ described here is the heart), False (The operation described here is a caesarean.)
10. about 37° Celsius or 98° Fahrenheit
11. stomach
12. deep; superficial
59

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CHECK YOUR ENGLISH VOCABULARY FOR

A & C Black • London

First published in Great Britain

A & C Black Publishers Ltd

© Peter Collin Publishing 1995, 2000

All rights reserved.

A CIP entry for this book is available from the British

Text typeset by A & C

A & C Black uses paper produced with elemental chlorine-free pulp,

Using the Dictionary of Medical Terms

Structure of a Dictionary of Medical Terms entry

Vocabulary Record Sheet

Self-study Pair work

Self-study Pair work

Using Communicative crosswords in the classroom

- What's one down?

3. I prescribed a course of antibiotics.

4. He suffered very little.

6. This disease cannot be cured.

7. He has recovered fully.

8. The lab analysed the blood sample.

1. A condition in which the heart has a 9. An effect produced by a substance to which a

12. A doctor who provides first-line medical

8. The way in which a doctor behaves towards a

The first question has been done for you as an example.

Column A Column B Column C

1. stratum stratums strata

2. His diet has a calcium deficiency. His diet is calcium-…

3. She has a physical dependence on She is physically …

4. The doctor noted an excess of bile in The doctor noted an …

5. An attack of hypoglycaemia can be A…

8. The pain in his foot is so great that he His foot is so …

9. I injured my spine in the crash. I suffered …

10. She complained of stiffness in the She complained of …

1. The doctor will administer a drug to the patient.

2. She was prescribe antibiotics .

4. I've catch some infections from one of my colleagues at work.

6. A healthy body can resist the pain .

8. She had an injection to ease a cold in her leg.

10. The nurses detect an improvement in the patient's condition.

active adequate coherent compatible complete

il- im- in- ir- un-

2. He felt and had to go home.

3. The serum makes the poison .

4. The children have a very diet.

5. The nurse noted that the patient had developed an pulse.

7. The surgeon decided that the cancer was .

8. Cholera spread rapidly because of the conditions in the town.

9. The patient was showing signs of an mental condition.

10. She has an desire to drink alcohol.

consultant theatre nurse

accident operating theatre surgical gloves

accident allergy ambulance biopsy consent course examination excess

1. He developed an allergy to penicillin.

2. He suffered of coughing in the night.

3. She went into a coma after an of heroin.

5. She took a of steroid treatment.

6. He had a of a fever which he had caught in the tropics.

7. There is a to obesity in her family.