10.12.21 Parallel Structure Infographic

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UNIVERSITY WRITING CENTER

PARALLEL
STRUCTURE
OVERVIEW
WHAT IS PARALLEL

STRUCTURE

(A.K.A PARALLELISM)?

Parallel structure is the repetition of a grammatical form

within a sentence in order to improve readability.

Parallel structure can help you be more concise, make

your sentences flow better, and give priority to important

details.
SAMPLE #1
Non-Parallel Structure:
Carlos enjoys running, painting, and to eat.

No "-ing"
Explanation:
This sentence lists three things that Carlos enjoys.

Notice that “running” and “eating” are not in the

same form as “to eat”.

If we change the last verb to match the others, the

sentence will flow more smoothly.

Parallel Structure:
Carlos enjoys running, painting, and eating.

Added
"-ing"
SAMPLE #2
Non-parallel Structure:
Monica was upset about crashing her car and she

also felt embarrassed. "upset" &


"embarrassed"
are too far apart
Explanation:
Monica has two similar feelings about the same

event, so those feelings should be listed together.

Doing this cuts down on wordiness and makes the

overall point of the sentence easier to follow.

Parallel Structure:
Monica was upset and embarrassed about crashing

"upset" & her car.

"embarrassed"
are closer
SAMPLE #3
Non-Parallel Structure:
Drug side effects may include blurry vision, blindness,

or teary eyes.
Random order
of effects
Explanation:
Parallelism in writing may also mean listing items in

the degree of importance. The worst side effect of

the drug is obviously blindness, and it should be the

last item listed.

*This is also true for items that can be listed in

chronological order.

Parallel Structure:
Drug side effects may include teary eyes, blurry

vision, or blindness. In order of


importance now
-- blindness is most
important so it's last
SAMPLE #4
Non-Parallel Structure:
Tutored students with diverse backgrounds

Schedules appointments and maintains files

To help students become better writers

All verbs are in different tenses


Explanation:
When using bullet points, such as on a job resume, it’s

important to make sure the points are parallel and

use the same pattern. In this case, all the verbs must

be in the same form/tense.

Parallel Structure:
Tutored students with diverse backgrounds

Scheduled appointments and maintained files

Helped students become better writers

All verbs are in the the same tense


MORE RESOURCES
The best way to make sure that your parallel structures are

correct is to your read work out loud very carefully. Verbally

stressing each word in a sentence makes you hear your writing in

a new way and helps you catch your mistakes

CSULB.edu/UWC -- "Handouts" Section

owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/mechanics/

parallel_structure.html

Khan Academy - Parallel Structure:

https://youtu.be/2l2FgUrln1A

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