Ms. Donna Rose E.

Pedroso

Reading & Writing

At the end of the
1. Distinguishes
lesson, the students characteristics of
are expected to: organization as one
property of a well-written
text;

1. Organize ideas to develop

a well-written text;

2. Develop a well-written
text considering
organization.
Properties of a Well-Written Text
In academic terms, a text is defined as written material or
piece of writing such as an article, essay, book, magazine, or
newspaper. For a paragraph or any composition to be
effective, it must always consider the properties of a well-
written text which includes organization, cohesion and
coherence, language use, and mechanics.
PROPERTIES OF
A WELL-WRITTEN
TEXT:
ORGANIZATION
 Properties of Well-written Text:
Organization

Organization is a property of a well-written text that is

achieved when ideas are logically and accurately
arranged. This is necessary to create clear statement or
purpose, position, facts, examples, specific details,
definitions, explanations, justifications, or opposing
viewpoints. It can be done through a recognizable plan in
relating sentences in paragraph.
 Text structure: Three Major Parts of Text

BEGINNING MIDDLE END/CONCLUSION

The great body parts of a snow leopard help it survive in the mountains.
For example, a snow leopard’s paws are like sandpaper and that helps
them not slipping on the deadly rocks of the mountains. Amazingly,
the ears help it hear an animal’s footsteps from miles away from
where the snow leopard is located. Did you know that a snow
leopard’s tail helps keep it from falling? The long tail helps it to
balance. Finally, the fur on a snow leopard’s body helps it stay warm
in this frigid habitat. So, all those body parts of a snow leopard help it
survive in the mountains.
Source: Assanosi, A. (2016). Paragraph Organization
 SIGNAL WORDS

1. Chronological Order - first, second, later, before, next

2. Order of importance - less, more, primary, next, last

3. Spatial Order - above, below, beside, next to, in front of

4. Definition order - is, refers to can be defined as, means

5. Classification - classified as, comprises, is composed of

6. Process - first, next, after that, lastly .

 SIGNAL WORDS

7. Cause and Effect - due to, for, since, stems from

8. Comparison and Contrast - similarly, like, likewise, in the same way

9. Listing - the following, several, example, for instance

10. Clarification - in fact, in other words, clearly

11. Example - for instance, to illustrate

12. Addition - furthermore, additionally, also, besides

13.Summary - in conclusion, in brief

PHYSICAL FORMAT
At the end of the
lesson, the students Specific Objectives:
are expected to: 1. Distinguishes
functions of cohesive
devices.
2. Identify appropriate
cohesive devices to
complete sentences.
3. Develop paragraph
using cohesive devices.
 PROPERTIES OF
A WELL-WRITTEN
TEXT:
COHERENCE &
COHESION
Cohesion and coherence are
properties of a well-written text that
deals with close relationship, based
on grammar or meaning, between
two parts of a sentence or a larger
piece of writing. In paragraph writing,
cohesion is a characteristic that is
manifested by a tight link among
sentences. In other words, it is seen
through the interrelatedness of the
sentences.
SIGNAL WORDS
SIGNAL WORDS
 REPETITIONS
Examples:
1. The president said, “Work, work, and work,” are
the keys to success.
2. If you think you can make it, you can make it.
3. Most students are intimated by the works of
William Shakespeare. They believe Shakespeare's
sonnets and plays are far too complicated to read
and understand.
 SYNONYMS
Example:
Teenagers face an enormous amount of peer
pressure from friends. Hence, many young
adults are showing signs of great stress or
depression at an early age.
 PRONOUNS
Examples:
1. Rodrigo R. Duterte is the 16th President of the
Republic of the Philippines. Moreover, he also served
as Davao City’s Mayor for a long period of time. He is
also known by many as a strong leader.
2. Mrs. Gomez approved to have a meeting with the
workers’ union before she signed the contract. She was
willing to hear their concerns about the newly proposed
amendments in the company.
 PARALLEL STRUCTURE
Example:
In the conference hall, the students
attended a lecture where the speaker
demonstrated how to properly wear a PPE.
They also attended a lecture where their
school nurse explained how to keep one’s
health protected from COVID-19.
 PROPERTIES OF
A WELL-WRITTEN
TEXT:
LANGUAGE USE
Language Use
It refers to the appropriateness of
word/vocabulary usage. Proper
language use enables you, the writer,
to capture the message that you want
to give to your readers. Language use is
one of the strongest indicators of a
well-written text because it leads
writers to effectively communicate
ideas without confusing the reader.
Six characteristics of effective
language:
1. concrete and specific, not vague
and abstract
2. concise, not verbose
3. familiar, not obscure
4. precise, not ambiguous
5. constructive, not destructive
6. appropriately formal
Concrete and Specific Language

Concrete language involves tangible

qualities/characteristics and things we
know through our senses.

Specific language designates particular

items or individuals cases.
Concrete and Specific Language
 Concise Language

It involves using the most

appropriate terms to get one’s
point across. Concise language
means using a minimal amount
of effective terms to convey
one’s argument.
Concise Language
 Familiar Language

It refers to words/ terms that

the reader easily recognizes and
understands because they use
them regularly.
Familiar Language
 Familiar Language

―Individuals who maintain a diet of ―The presently assigned paper

high-fat consent are exposed to an necessitates an eloquently articulated
increased risk of developing analysis of the Existentialist
atherosclerosis, which is a buildup of perspective as it pertains to
fat deposits on the inner walls of the contemporary living. You should
arteries. This condition can reduce or adumbrate the points which represent
cut off the flow of blood in the the sine qua non of your analysis.
arteries serving the major organs of
the body. This can lead to poor
health.
 Precise Language

Through the use of precise language,

vocabulary of specific nouns ,and vivid
verbs, you can construct clear mental
images and avoid wordiness. Moreover,
the use of concise language, using the
fewest possible words without sacrificing
meaning, makes your writing more
understandable.
Precise Language
 Constructive Language

The use of constructive language

expresses a potentially negative in a
positive way, while destructive
language leads the reader to blame and
criticism, causing defensiveness.
Constructive Language
 Formality Language

The formality of the language

used should conform to the
formality of the situation and the
relationship between the writer
and the reader.
Formality Language
At the end of the
lesson, the students Specifically, you will
are expected to: learn about the
following:
1. Identify the
mechanics used in
texts.
2. 2. Apply the
mechanics in writing
an essay.
 PROPERTIES OF
A WELL-WRITTEN
TEXT:
MECHANICS
Mechanics
These are conventions that have
to be considered in writing.
Spelling, punctuation, and
capitalization are some of the
examples. To prevent confusion,
it is necessary to know and
follow these conventions in
writing.
 SPELLING
When you write, always make sure that you are
consistently using one standard regarding the spelling
of your words.
American Spelling British Spelling
airplane aeroplane
analyze analyse
anesthesia anaesthesia
aging ageing
color colour
defense defence
learned learnt
organize organise
theater theatre
traveled travelled
 PUNCTUATION
It is the act of using a system of
symbols used to provide
structure to and organize a text,
such as a comma, period,
quotation marks, question
marks, etc.
 PUNCTUATION MARKS: COMMAS (,)
a. Use a comma to separate items in a series. If all items in the
series are followed by and or or, use a comma

Example: Squirrel, rabbit, and venison are the three kinds of

meat originally in a burgoo.

b. Use a comma to separate two complete sentences joined by a

conjunction (and, but, or, nor, or for, and sometimes yet and so).

Example: We ran out of gas, so I went to the nearest gas refilling

station.

c. Use commas to set off dates and addresses

Examples: January 08, 2021/ Davao City, Philippines

PUNCTUATION MARKS: SEMICOLONS (;)
a. Use a semicolon to separate two sentences when
there is no coordinating conjunction such as and, but,
or, nor, or for.
Example: Class was canceled today; Mr. Diaz was
homesick.
b. If the two sentences are joined by a conjunctive
adverb, such as however, consequently, therefore, or
moreover, use a semicolon before the conjunctive
adverb and a comma after it.
Example: Leaves fell from the trees in multiple
colors; consequently, we have a big job ahead for us
raking them into compost piles.
PUNCTUATION MARKS: SEMICOLONS (;)
c. Use a semicolon to separate two sentences joined
with coordinating conjunction when commas are
contained within either of the sentences.
Example: Leaves fell from the trees in red, gold,
yellow, and brown; and it looked like snow with a
rainbow.
d. Use a semicolon to separate items in a series if there
are commas within the items.
Example: Ms. Dapar, my friend; Mr. Diaz, my
neighbor; and Ms. Lastimosa, my MAPEH teacher all
pledged to support the program.
 PUNCTUATION MARKS: COLON (:)
a. Use colon for conventional items: giving the time,
separating chapter from a verse in Bible references,
separating volume from a page in bibliography
references, and writing a salutation in a business letter.
Examples: 5:30 a.m./ Luke 4:17-28/ Dear Madam:

b. Use a colon to introduce a formal list. Words such as

the following or as follows frequently signal a formal list.

Example: The attendant made the following checks on

my car: oil level, transmission fluid level, battery, tire
pressure, and windshield washer fluid.
PUNCTUATION MARKS: APOSTROPHE (‘)
An apostrophe is used as a substitute for a
missing letter or letters in a word, to show the
possessive case, and in the plural of letters,
some numbers and abbreviations.

Note: groups of years no longer require an

apostrophe (for example, the 1950s or the
90s).
 PUNCTUATION MARKS: DASH (—)
A dash is used to separate parts of
a sentence.
Example: The dash is also known
as an "em dash" because it is the
length of a printed letter m — it is
longer than a hyphen.
PUNCTUATION MARKS: ELLIPSIS (…)

An ellipsis (three dots)

indicates that part of the
text has been intentionally
been left out.
Example: 0, 2, 4, ... , 100
PUNCTUATION MARK: EXCLAMATION (!)

An exclamation point is used to

show excitement or emphasis.
Example: It is cold!
 PUNCTUATION MARK: HYPEN (-)

A hyphen is used between parts

of a compound word or name. It
is also used to split a word by
syllables to fit on a line of text.
Example: The sixteen-year-old
girl is a full-time student.
PUNCTUATION MARK: PARENTHESES ( )

Parentheses are curved lines used to separate

explanations or qualifying statements within a
sentence (each one of the curved lines is
called a parenthesis). The part in the
parentheses is called a parenthetical remark.

Example: This sentence (like others on this

page) contains a parenthetical remark.
 PUNCTUATION MARK: PERIOD (.)

A period is used to note the

end of a declarative sentence.
Example: I am busy.
PUNCTUATION MARK: QUESTION MARK (?)

A question mark is used at the

end of a question.
Example: Where are you?
PUNCTUATION MARK: QUOTATION MARK (“)

Quotation marks are used at the

beginning and end of a phrase to
show that it is being written
exactly as it was originally said or
written.
Example: She said, "Let's eat."
 CAPITALIZATION
Capitalization, like punctuation, helps
express details. Any sentence’s first word
is capitalized, signaling that a new
sentence has started.
To signify uniqueness, proper nouns are
capitalized.
CAPITALIZATION