Soil Stabilization Part 1
Soil Stabilization Part 1
Soil Stabilization Part 1
with Cement
by
1
Lecture Notes: 'Soil Stabilization with Cement' by Dr. Neha Shrivastava (MNIT, Jaipur)
Definition:
Soil stabilization is the process of improving the engineering properties
of the soil and thus making it more stable. It is required when the soil
available for construction is not suitable for the intended purpose.
Lecture Notes: 'Soil Stabilization with Cement' by Dr. Neha Shrivastava (MNIT, Jaipur) 14
Factors influencing the strength and
stiffness improvement
• Cement content, water content combined into
water/cement(w/c) ratio.
• Method of compaction.
• Time elapsed between mixing and compaction.
• Length of curing.
• Temperature and humidity.
15
Lecture Notes: 'Soil Stabilization with Cement' by Dr. Neha Shrivastava (MNIT, Jaipur)
Amount of Cement
• Soil-Cement has been made with cement content
varying from 5 to 20% for satisfactory stabilization.
The following amounts of cement are usually
required:-
Lecture Notes: 'Soil Stabilization with Cement' by Dr. Neha Shrivastava (MNIT, Jaipur) 16
Mixing and Moisture Content
• It is observed that mixtures made in the field
have 50 to 70 % lower strength and durability
than the similar mixtures made in the
laboratory.
• The moisture content plays two roles in soil-
cement :-
(1)It influences the compaction characteristics
(2)It furnishes water for cement hydration
Where:-
qu(t) = the UCC (unconfined compression) strength at (t) days
qu(t0) = the UCC strength at (t0)days
k = 480C for granular soils; 70C for fine grained soils
C = Cement content by weight
Lecture Notes: 'Soil Stabilization with Cement' by Dr. Neha Shrivastava (MNIT, Jaipur) 19
Effect of adding cement and blast furnace slag leads
to the following chemical reactions:-
21
Lecture Notes: 'Soil Stabilization with Cement' by Dr. Neha Shrivastava (MNIT, Jaipur)
Case Study
(1)Results of Bergado et al (1996):-
• Results showed that mixing of 10% cement for the
soft soil of Bangkok indicated that the UC
strength and the pre-consolidation pressure are
improved by ten to twenty times and two to four
times respectively.
• The coefficient of consolidation improved by 10 to
40 times.
• Hence they considered about 10 to 15 % of
cement content as optimum content.
Lecture Notes: 'Soil Stabilization with Cement' by Dr. Neha Shrivastava (MNIT, Jaipur) 22
Influence of cement content on unconfined compression
strength Bergado et al (1996)
23
Lecture Notes: 'Soil Stabilization with Cement' by Dr. Neha Shrivastava (MNIT, Jaipur)
(2) Deep soil mixing at the Jackson Lake Dam:-
• The Jackson Lake Dam was constructed in 1917 in
Wyoming.
• The dam was a hydraulic fill placed on a natural
alluvium and outwash foundation.
• The Bureau of Reclamation determined that the
dam and its foundation would be susceptible to
liquefaction and failure during a potential
earthquake.
• After considering a number of options, the Bureau
selected deep soil mixing (DSM) as the method to
improve the subsoil's and to install an upstream
cut-off wall.
Lecture Notes: 'Soil Stabilization with
Cement' by Dr. Neha Shrivastava (MNIT, 24
Jaipur)
Results obtained from the testing program showed
that:-
• DSM samples continue to increase in strength for at
least 112 days after placement.
• Water cement ratio is the key determining factor in
final strength, even more important than cement
content.
• Laboratory results run before the project
conservatively predicted field results.
• Wet mix samples generally have lower strengths
than cores taken after the column set.
Lecture Notes: 'Soil Stabilization with Cement' by Dr. Neha Shrivastava (MNIT, Jaipur) 25
• Shear strength was determined using tri-
axial and direct shear test and results
showed that there was a gain in strength by
implementing DSM technique.
• High quality and high strength columns can
be constructed using this technique.
• At the Jackson Lake project, deep soil mixing
provided an economical, reliable way of
satisfying a difficult set of technical
parameters and meeting a tight project work
schedule.
Lecture Notes: 'Soil Stabilization with
Cement' by Dr. Neha Shrivastava (MNIT, 26
Jaipur)
Lecture Notes: 'Soil Stabilization with
Cement' by Dr. Neha Shrivastava (MNIT, 27
Jaipur)