CAF Law Memory Technique

Law
Short – Cut Trick (Memory Technique)

Sec. 2 (n): Valid Contract – The word “contract” Constitutes of 8 Letters & 8th Letter of
alphabetical order is “h”.
Essential of Valid Contract:

I – Impossibility (should not be impossible to perform)
Very – Void (should not be declared void).
Carefully – Consideration (Lawful consideration).
Observed – Object (Lawful object).
Chatters – Competent to contract
And – Agreement
Laggards – Legal obligation (intention).
Fail – Free consent
CA – Consensus – ad – idem.
Course – Certain (the terms should be certain).
Essentials of Valid offer:

Intelligent – Invitation to offer is different form offer.
Students – Special terms. *
Never – Non-Compliance. *
Chat – Communication
And – Assent (with a view to gain assent)
Talk – Terms of contract (mere discussion of terms is not offer).
During – Definite & clear
Lecture – Legal obligation*
Session – Statement of intention*
Brief Explanation:
• Special terms – Any special terms to the contract should be communicated at or before
the time of the contract.
• Non-compliance – Any term of the offer, the non-compliance of which amounts to
acceptance does not constitute a valid offer.
• Legal obligation – The acceptance of offer should give rise to legal obligation.
• Statement of intention – mere statement of intention does not amount to a valid offer.
Bhagwati Education Institute Prof Bhavesh Rajani Page 1

Law
Lapse of offer (Sec. 6) “Lapses” six Letter word:

Lapse – Lapse of time
Of – offree’s rejection
Concentration – Communication of revocation (by offerer).
Proves – Prescribed manner.
Fatal – failure to fulfil condition precedent.
In – Incapacity.
CA – Change in Law
Course – Counter offer.
Essential of Valid acceptance:

Study – Silence does not amount to acceptance.
Terms – To whom (the offeror).
Conditions – Communication
Before – By whom (the offeree)
Accepting – Acceptance with a view fulfill terms of offer.
Unusual – Unqualified
Life – Lapse of offer (before offer Lapses).
Risking – Reasonable time.
Proposal – Prescribed manner.
Consideration Sec. 2 (d). “Cash” is the most common form of consideration 4th Letter is “d”.
Essentials of Consideration:
All – Any person (anyone can furnish Consideration).
Accountants – Act or abstinence
Do – Desire of the promisor.
Change – Consideration cannot be fulfillment of existing obligations.
Very – Value in the eyes of Law.
Reasonably – Real & not illusory.
Less – Lawful
Price – Past, Present or future.
Privity of Contract:
H – Holder in due course of negotiable instrument.
A – Agreements relating to Land.

Law
F – Family arrangement.
T – Trust or change.
A – Acknowledgement of payment.
A – Act of an agent.
Sec 25 “No consideration, No Contract”. 25 letters.
Agreements with minor.:

Very – Void (agreement with minor are Void-ab-initio).
Few – Fraudulent representation of age.
People – Partnership (minor cannot start a partnership firm).
Can – Company (cannot buy shares of company).
Get – Guardian is not Liable for acts of minor.
Their – Tort (minor can be made liable under tort).
Property – property of minor is only liable for necessaries.
Back – Beneficial contracts can be enforced.
After – Agent (minor can become an agent).
Entering – Estopple (minor cannot be stopped from pleading minority)
Into – Insolvent (minor cannot be declared insolvent).
Risky – Ratification (Agreement during minority cannot be ratified).
Agreements with – Agreements Jointly entered with major.
Minor – Minor can be “Drawer” or “Payee” on BOE & “Promisee” on P.N.
Persons Disqualified by Law.:

All – Alien enemy.
Indian – Insolvent.
Friends – Foreign sovereigns & ambassadors
Can – convicts
Contract – Companies & corporations.
Free Consent:
Coercion – Sec 15 (remember Letters of Indian Penal code, It’s 15 Letters).
Essentials of coercion.
All – Any person (coercion can move from any to any person).
Dacoits – Detaining or threatening to detain unlawfully property of the other.

Law
Severely – Suicide or threat to commit suicide or attempted suicide amounts to

coercion.
Intimidate – Indian penal code (acts forbidden).
Individuals – Intention to induce the other party into the contract.
Fraud – Sec 17
Essentials of Fraud:
Famous – False statement of facts made with knowledge of its falsity.
Politicians – Party to the contract. (By a party to contract).
Are – Actually deceived (The party defrauded should be actually deceived).
Large – Loss (occurrence of loss is necessary to prove fraud).
Ingenious – Intention to deceive the other party.
Fraudsters – Facts (fraud is with respect to only material facts and not opinions).
Essentials of Misrepresentations:
Outspoken – Object of misrepresentation is to induce the other party to contract (Not
DECEIVE).
Persons – Party to the contract.
Are – Actually acted.
Frequently – False statement of facts made by a person believing it to be true.
Misrepresented – Material facts.
Heads of public policy:

Every – Enemy (alien enemy)
Time – Trafficking in public offices.
CA – Creating monopolies.
Makes – Marriage brokerage contract.
A – Agreements in restraint of parental rights.
Contract – Committing crimes.
I – Interference with course of Justice.
Make – Maintenance & Champerty.
Sure – Stifling Prosecution.
It’s not (filler).
Restricted – Restraint of Personal Liberty.

Law
Void Agreements:
Sec 11 – Agreements by parties’ incompetent to contract.
Sec 20 – Agreements under mutual mistake of fact.
Sec 23 – Agreements with unlawful object or Consideration.
Sec 24 – Agreements with partially unlawful Consideration.
Sec 25 – No consideration, No contract.
Sec 26 – Agreements in restraint of marriage.
Sec 27 – Agreements in restraint of trade.
Sec 28 – Agreements in restraint of legal proceedings.
Sec 29 – Agreements the meaning of with is uncertain.
Sec 30 – Agreements by way of wager.
Sec 36 – Agreement contingent on impossible events.
Sec 56 (i) – Agreements with initial impossibility.
Essentials of wager:
It’s – Intention to bet
Usually – Uncertain (based on uncertain event).
Cash – Chance (Mutual)
Neither – No control over the event.
Cheque – Conditional (dependent on outcome).
Nor – No interest in event apart from gain or loss.
Promissory Note – Payment of money or money’s worth.
Essentials of Valid tender of performance:

Inspiring – Inspection (opportunity to inspect goods).
Unconditional – Unconditional (the tender should be unconditional).
Efforts – Entire obligation (for entire obligation).
Can – Contractual capacity.
Prove – Promisee (tender should be made to promisee).
To be – Time & place (should be at proper time & place).
Life changing – Legal tender (currency should be legal tender).

Law
Discharge of Contract
Inform After After

Impossibility Agreement Breach
Please Others The

Performance Operation of Law Time
Please Inform Others After the Breakup.
Situations when supervening Impossibility arises.
Contractual – Change in Law.

Failure – Failure of ultimate purpose.
Was – War.
Due to – Death or personal incapacity.
Destruction – Destruction of goods.
Circumstances when supervening Impossibility does not arise –

Small – Strike, Lockouts & civil disturbances.
Difficulties – Default by third party.
Do not – Difficulty in performance.
Fail – Failure of one of the purpose.
Contract – Commercial impossibility.

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Law

Short – Cut Trick (Memory Technique)

Essential of Valid Contract:

Essentials of Valid offer:

Bhagwati Education Institute Prof Bhavesh Rajani Page 1

Lapse of offer (Sec. 6) “Lapses” six Letter word:

Essential of Valid acceptance:

Bhagwati Education Institute Prof Bhavesh Rajani Page 2

Sec 25 “No consideration, No Contract”. 25 letters.

Agreements with minor.:

Persons Disqualified by Law.:

Coercion – Sec 15 (remember Letters of Indian Penal code, It’s 15 Letters).

Bhagwati Education Institute Prof Bhavesh Rajani Page 3

Severely – Suicide or threat to commit suicide or attempted suicide amounts to

Heads of public policy:

Bhagwati Education Institute Prof Bhavesh Rajani Page 4

Essentials of Valid tender of performance:

Bhagwati Education Institute Prof Bhavesh Rajani Page 5

Inform After After

Please Others The

Please Inform Others After the Breakup.

Situations when supervening Impossibility arises.

Contractual – Change in Law.

Circumstances when supervening Impossibility does not arise –

Bhagwati Education Institute Prof Bhavesh Rajani Page 6

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