Class 5 Maths All Inner Pages Compressed

MATHS MAGIC
Class - V
Text Book Development Committee
Editorial Board
Ms. Vetriselvi. K IAS
Special Officer, English Medium Project, CSE-AP, Amaravati.
Dr. B. Pratap Reddy MA., B.Ed., Ph.D.

Director - SCERT, AP, Amaravati.
Sri. D. Madhusudhana Rao MA., B.Ed.

Director - Government Textbook Press, AP, Amaravati.
Editors
Prof. S.Venkateswaran M.Sc, M.Ed., Ph.D

Retd. Director, R.I.E, Bangalore.
Prof. D.S.N. Sastry M.Sc., M.Ed., Ph.D.

Retd. Principal A.J. College of Education, Machilipatnam.
Dr. K. N. Shoba M.A., M.Phil., Ph.D (English), M.A. (Edu.)

Asst. Professor, Anna University, Chennai.
Dr. T. Swarupa Rani M.Sc., M.Ed., M.Phil., Ph.D.

Dean Faculty of Education, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur.
Dr. P. Satyanarayana Sarma M.Sc., M.Ed., M.Phil., Ph.D.

Retd. Lecturer, Montessori Mahila College of Education, Vijayawada.
Dr. J. R. Priyadarshini M.Sc., M.Ed. M.Phil., Ph.D.

Sr. Lecturer, St. Joseph College of Education for women, Guntur.
Sri K. V. Suryanarayana M.Sc., M.Ed.

Lecturer, DIET, Bommuru.
Sri J. Kasi Rao B.Sc., B.Ed.

Retd. Headmaster, Kavali.
Published by Samagra Shiksha, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Amaravati.
i
© Government of Andhra Pradesh, Amaravati
First Published 2020
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imposed on the subsequent purchaser.
The copy right holder of this book is the
Commissioner of School Education,
Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh.
This book has been printed on 70 G.S.M. SS Maplitho

Title Page 200 G.S.M. White Art Card
Free distribution by Samagra Shiksha, Government of Andhra Pradesh
Printed in India
at the A.P. Govt. Text Book Press
Amaravati
Andhra Pradesh
ii
Co-ordinators
Dr. T. V. S. Ramesh M.Sc., M.Ed., Ph.D.
Dept. of C&T, SCERT, AP.
Sri B. Kishore Babu M.Sc., B.Ed.

MPUPS, K. Kothapalem, Mopidevi(M), Krishna.
Sri S. Govardhana M.Sc., B.Ed.

MPPS, Kurugunta, Ananthapuramu District
Sri N. Murali Krishna M.Sc., B.Ed.

MPUPS, Tungalavaripalem, Krishna District
Authors
Sri N. Murali Krishna SGT Sri B. Kishore babu SGT

MPUPS, Tungalavaripalem, Krishna District MPUPS, K.Kothapalem, Krishna District
Sri S. Govardhana SGT Sri B. Vijaya Kumar SGT

MPPS, Kurugunta, Ananthapuramu District MPPS, Y.P.G.Palli, Y.S.R.Kadapa District
Sri P. Leela Krishnayya SGT Sri L. Himagiri SGT

MPPS, Yanadi colony, Y.S.R.Kadapa District MPPS, Kothuru, Srikakulam District
Sri P. Eswara Rao SGT Sri Ch. S. N. Murthy SGT

MPUPS, Tekkali, Vizianagaram District MPUPS, Jayanthipuram, Krishna District
Sri M. Sivaiah SGT Sri S. Uma Gupta SGT

MPUPS, Tirupathi, East Godavari District MPPS, Giriprasadnagar, Visakhapatnam District
Sri S. Chandra Mohana Reddy SGT Smt S. Sudharani SGT

MPPS, Gajjalavaripalli, Ananthapuramu District MPPS, Pothunuru, West Godavari District
Sri P. Rambabu SGT Sri K. Venkata Krishna SGT

MPUPS, Ramakrishnapuram, Krishna District MPUPS, Bhairavapatnam, Krishna District
Artist DTP & Designing

Uttam Star Media Services
Hyderabad
iii
Foreword
The Government of Andhra Pradesh has unleashed a new era in school education by introducing
extensive curricular reforms from the academic year 2020-21. The Government has taken up curricular
reforms intending to enhance the learning outcomes of the children with focus on building solid foundational
learning and to build up an environment conducive for an effective teaching-learning process. To achieve
this objective, special care has been taken in designing the textbooks to achieve global standards.
As a part of the curricular reform, in order to support the designing of textbooks, with better
pedagogical strategies, handbooks are given to teachers with elaborate lesson plans. For the practice
of the students, workbooks are given which will reinforce the learning in the classroom. Parental
handbooks are prepared to impart awareness regarding the teaching-learning process to the parent
community. The textbooks are also designed in such a way that the initial two months will focus on the
school readiness of the children in order to create a learning environment in the school at the start of the
academic year.
In this textbook, concepts are introduced through activities related to daily life incidents,
situations, contexts and conversations. To strengthen these concepts, whole class activity, group activity
and individual activities are designed. The lessons incorporated are also suitable for multigrade teaching.
For additional information on the concepts, QR codes are incorporated in each chapter to enable
learning outside the classroom. Care has been taken to ensure that the new textbook is calibrated with
the learning requirement of the 21st century.
We are grateful to Honourable Chief Minister Sri.Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy for being our
source of inspiration to carry out this extensive reform in the education department. We extend our
gratitude to Dr. Adimulapu Suresh, Honourable Minister of Education for striving towards qualitative
education. Our special thanks to Sri. Budithi Rajsekhar, IAS, Principal secretary, School Education,
Sri. Vadrevu Chinaveerabhadrudu, IAS, Commissioner, School Education, Ms. Vetriselvi.K, IAS,
Special Officer for their constant motivation and guidance.
We convey our thanks to the expert team who studied curriculum from Chicago to Singapore
and recommended best practices across the globe to reach global standards. Our sincere thanks to
SCERT of Kerala, Tamilnadu, Karnataka and Haryana in designing the textbooks. We also thank our
textbook writers, editors, artists and layout designers for their contribution in the development of this
textbook. We invite constructive feedback from the teachers and parents in the further refinement of the
textbook.
Dr. B. Pratap Reddy

Director
SCERT – Andhra Pradesh
iv
Instructions to Teachers
 The new text books designed for class 1 to 5 are in accordance with the recommendations
of NCF – 2005, RTE – 2009, APSCF – 2011 and NEP – 2019 Draft.
 Use the face sheet placed at the beginning of every lesson as the basis for interacting
with the children to encourage, speak and motivate them to listen. Prepare and organize
some more activities similar to the activities given in the text book for every concept.
 The lessons are designed based on the classwise expected learning outcomes and the
concepts like number system, measurement, geometry, data handling etc are arranged in
a spiral approach.
 The text book contains three important components under headings like – Do these, Try
these and Exercise. The questions under the component ‘Do these’, will be direct and
simple and ‘Try these’ are difficult. Similarly the ‘Exercise’ component contains mixed
questionaire of 2 or 3 concepts.
 The teacher should read and understand every concept in the text book before going for
teaching. Also they should conduct the individual, group and whole class activities in
the class room. Teacher should use the hand book designed for this purpose.
 Teacher should prepare and use teaching learning material related to the activities of the
text book by using available resources, to make the children understand the concepts.
 Teacher should provide required practice activities to teach children different concepts
keeping in mind the academic standards of the subject.
 Work book is also provided along with the textbook. The 90 minutes duration of a period
should be divided for the practice of the children as follows,
♦ 45 minutes for practising the concepts of text book.
♦ 45 minutes for practising the sums of work book.

 New text book is designed with exercises and activities. So, in such a way that the pupil will
be able to understand the concept of Number system, Fractions, Geomentry, Multiples
and factors, Measurements and Time. The first chapter, Let’s Recall amd practice the
previous classes concepts. Hence special care should be taken, while teaching this
chapter. In this process locally available objects like pebbles, seeds, sticks, beads etc must
be used.
v
Our National Anthem
- Rabindranath Tagore
Jana-gana-mana-adhinayaka jaya he
Bharata-bhagya-vidhata
Panjaba-Sindhu-Gujarata-Maratha
Dravida-Utkala-Banga
Vindhya-Himachala-Yamuna-Ganga
uchchala-jaladhi-taranga
Tava Subha name jage, tave subha asisa mage,
gahe tava jaya-gatha.
Jana-gana-mangala-dayaka jaya he
Bharata-bhagya-vidhata.
Jaya he, Jaya he, Jaya he,
jaya jaya jaya jaya he.
Pledge
- Pydimarri Venkata Subba Rao
India is my country. All Indians are my brothers and sisters.

I love my country and I am proud of its rich and varied heritage.
I shall always strive to be worthy of it.
I shall give my parents, teachers and all elders respect,
and treat everyone with courtesy. I shall be kind to animals.
To my country and my people, I pledge my devotion.
In their well-being and prosperity alone lies my happiness.
vi
Maths Magic
Class - V
S. No. Unit Month Page No
1. Let’s Recall June, July 1 - 12
2. My Number World August 13 - 29
3. Additions and Substractions August, September 30 - 44
4. Multiplication and Divisions September 45 - 60
5. Multiples and Factors October, November 61- 85
6. Geometry November 86 - 116
7. Data Handling December 117 - 124
8. Fractions December, January 125 - 146
9. Measurements February 147 - 166
10. Time February 167 - 174
Revision March
Revision April
Teacher Corner Student Corner
vii
Academic Standards-Learning Outcomes
Academic standards are clear statements about what students must know and be able to do.
The following are the specifications on the basis of which we lay down academic standards
Problem Solving
• Using concepts and procedures to solve mathematical problems
Stages of problem solving
• Reads problems
• Identifies all pieces of information
• Separates relevant pieces of information
• Understanding what concept is involved
• Selection of procedure
• Solving the problem
Reasoning and Proof
• Reasoning between various steps
• Understanding and making mathematical generalizations and conjectures
• Understanding and justifying procedures
• Examining logical arguments
• Understanding the notion of proof
• Using inductive and deductive logic
• Testing mathematical conjectures
Communication
• Writing and reading mathematical expressions
• Creating mathematical expressions
• Explaining mathematical ideas in his/her own words
• Explaining mathematical procedure
• Explaining mathematical logic
Connections
• Connecting concepts within a mathematical domain
• Making connections with daily life
• Connecting mathematics to different subjects
• Connecting concepts of different mathematical domains
• Connecting concepts to multiple procedures
Visualization and representation
• Interprets and reads data in tables, number line, pictograph, bar graph, 2D figures, 3D figures,
pictures
• Making tables, number line, pictograph, bar graph, pictures
viii
Chapter
Let’s Recall
1
Sai is studying 5th class and his sister Valli is studying 3rdclass. In summer holidays,
Sai and Valli wanted to go to Bangalore with their grand-father Nagayya. They reached
Vijayawada railway-station.
Observe the picture and answer the following questions:

1. What is the platform number?
2. How many persons are sitting on the bench?
3. What is the time shows in the clock?
4. How many blades are there to the ceiling fan?
5. How many children are there in the picture?
6. How many persons can you see in the picture?
When they entered into the platform number 1, they heard an announcement
that the expected time of the arriving train is 30 minutes late.So Sai, Valli and Nagayya went
to the waiting hall. Meanwhile, they are observing the train number and platform number
displayed on the information board.
Mathematics 1 Class - 5
Train No Train name Time of arrival Plat-form No
18463 Prasanthi Express 19.45 1
17488 Tirumala Express 21.00 5
12836 Hatiya Super Fast Express 21.20 2
17016 Visaka Express 21.50 3
Expanded form of Numbers:

Nagayya: How many trains are there on the display-board? What is the number of
HatiyaSuper Fast Express?
Sai: There are 4 trains on display-board. Hatiya Superfast Express number is one two
eight three six (12836).
Nagayya: Read this number with place-values.
Sai read the number in this way.
Ten Thousand Thousand Hundred Tens Ones
1 2 8 3 6
Expansion of 12836 = (1×10,000) + (2×1,000) + (8×100) + (3×10) + (6×1)
= 10,000 + 2,000 + 800 + 30 + 6
= 12,000 + 800 + 30 + 6
= 12 thousand + 8 hundred + 3 tens + 6 ones
So, we read 12,836 as Twelve thousand, eight hundred and thirty six.
Exercise - 1
1) Write the following numbers in words.

a) 9 b) 37 c) 267 d) 607 e) 5298 f) 1307 g) 42689 h) 52006
2) Write the expanded form for the following numbers.

a) 62 b) 39 c) 792 d) 308 e) 3472 f) 9210 g) 61287 h) 20508
3) Write the place values of the underlined digits in the following numbers.
a) 48 b) 63 c) 834 d) 607 e) 2519 f) 6920 g) 12453 h) 52146
4) Find the sum of the place values of 6 in the following numbers.

a) 266 b) 616 c) 665 d) 6236 e) 64,624 f) 67,426 g) 86,216.
5) Write the predecessor and successor for the following numbers.

a) 9 b) 99 c) 539 d) 621 e) 4001 f) 3210 g) 10000
6) Fill the following table.
@ 1-digit number 2-digit number 3-digit number 4-digit number 5-digit number
Smallest
number
Greatest
number
7) Write the suitable numbers for the following.

a) 10 + 2 =__________________ d) 10000 + 3000 + 500 + 50 + 6 = ________
b) 200 + 30 + 5 = _____________ e) 50000 + 2000 + 800 + 50 + 7 = ________
c) 4000 + 500 + 70 + 4 = _______ f) 30,000 + 500 + 8 = _________________
8) Write the greatest 4-digit number by using 7,6,5and 2 = -------.
9) Write the smallest 4-digit number by using 2,0,8and 7=-------.
10) How many 100s are there in 1,000?
Let's observe the transactions in a pass book:
Nagayya took his bank-pass book from his handbag to see his bank transactions. Sai
was very curious to see the bank-pass book. Grand-father gave his pass-book to Sai. He
explained all the entries in the Pass Book.
Name: Nagayya PASS-BOOK
Date Details Debit Credit Balance
30-04-2019 Available balance 143
02-05-2019 Credit pension 9,700 9,843
03-05-2019 Balaji grocery 5,200 4,643
10-05-2019 House-rent 2,500 2,143
20-05-2019 LIC-policy 1,500 643
31-05-2019 Bank ATM charges 50 593
Now answer the following questions:
1) When did Nagayya have the highest balance amount? How much?
2) When did he have the lowest balance amount? How much?
3) Compare 9,843 and 143 with suitable symbols (> or < or =)
4) Write the amounts in the balance calum in ascending order.
5) Write the amounts in the balance calum in descending order.
Ex: Then, Nagayya explained, How to round-off given numbers to nearest thousand.
2,143
2000 3000
So rounding off 2,143 to the nearest thousand = 2,000
Exercise - 2
1) Round off the following numbers to the nearest tens.
a) 32 b) 78 c) 123 d) 485 e) 2546 f) 5814 g) 25796
2) Round off the following numbers to the nearest hundreds.
a) 312 b) 956 c) 123 d) 485 e) 2546 f) 5814 g) 796
3) Round off the following numbers to the nearest thousands.
a) 5264 b) 7532 c) 1234 d) 4850 e) 25463 f) 5014 g) 95150
4) Use symbols (< , > or =) between the numbers.
a) 9 5 b) 21 39
c) 405 504 d) 1565 1565
e) 12578 25178 f) 90507 70503
g) 42179 42179 h) 81456 65899
5) Write these numbers in ascending order:
a) 2,1,5,9,7 b) 27,46,10,29,72
c) 402,204,315,351,610 d) 3725, 7536, 7455, 7399, 2361
e) 25478, 25914, 25104, 25072 f) 46202, 10502, 60521, 81134
6) Write these numbers in descending order:
a) 3,8,4,2,1 b) 97,69,96,79,90
c) 205,402,416,318,610 d) 8016, 916, 10219, 41205, 2430
e) 57832, 57823, 57830, 57820, 57825 f) 16342, 86620, 46241, 64721, 46820
Nagayya tried to explain about the credits and debits in the pass book to Sai.
Example-1: Available balance as on 30-04-19 = ` 143
Credited pension on 02-05-2019 = (+) ` 9,700
The balance as on 02-05-2019 = ` 9,843
143+ 9,700 = 9,843
Example-2: Balance as on 02-05-2019 = ` 9,843
Debit at Balaji-grocery = ` 5,200
The balance as on 03-05-2019 = ` 4,643
9843 - 5200 = 4643
Let's check other debits and balance columns.
4643 2143 643

(-) 2 5 0 0 (-) 1 5 0 0 (-) 50
Exercise - 3
1) Do the following.
a) 4 + 6 b) 9 + 5 c) 58 + 69 d) 45 + 27
e) 143 + 235 f) 539 + 709 g) 2,658+ 5,131 h) 2,056+8,997
2) Do the following. Check your answer.
a) 8 – 5 b) 72 – 36 c) 82 - 37 d) 798 – 527
e) 850 – 456 f) 6527-2314 g) 4526-2398 h) 4005-2589
3) To get 5629, how much should we add to 1058?
4) To get 1250, how much should we subtract from 9658?
5) Mounika has ` 5270. Radhika has ` 550 more than Mounika. Then find the total money
with Mounika and Radhika .
6) Kohli made 120 runs in a match. Rohit made 65 runs less than Kohli in the same match.
Find the total runs made by Kohli and Rohit.
The train arrived and the three got into the train. A person from pantry car approached
and took order for 3 meals at the rate of ` 95 each.
Total amount paid to meal:
The cost of 1 meal is ` 95. How much will Nagayya have to pay for 3 meals?
95 x 3 15
285
Hence, Nagayya paid ` 285 towards 3 meals.
Example: Total seats in this compartment are 72. If this train has 12 compartments, how
many seats are there in the train?
72 x 12
144 ......... (72 x 2)
+ 720 ......... (72 x 10)
864
The total seats in the train are 864.
Cost of each ticket:
Meanwhile, T.C came and asked to show their ticket. The grand-father showed the
ticket to T.C. Then Sai and Valli are asked to watch the information given on the ticket.
HAPPY JOURNEY Vijayawada to Bangalore
PNR No Train No Date Km Adult Child Ticket No

442-8324463 18463 31-05-2019 669 1 2 24486031
COACH SEAT/BERTH GENDER AGE R.FEE T.CASH
S10 9(LB) Male 60
S10 10(MB) Male 10 150 1950
S10 11(UB) Female 8
Nagayya:Total amount for 3 tickets is `1950 (This includes reservation charge ` 150).
What is the cost of 3 tickets without reservation charge?
Sai: Total amount = ` 1950
Res. Charge (-) = ` 150
Amount towards only tickets = ` 1800
Nagayya: How much amount is paid by each towards reservation and ticket?
Total reservation fee = ` 150 Total tickets amount = ` 1800
Res.charge for each = `150 ÷ 3 Ticket charge for each = ` 1800 ÷ 3
= `50 = ` 600
3)150(50 3)1800(600
- 15 - 18
0 0 00
-0 0 - 00
0 0 00
- 00
0
Exercise - 4
a) 8×2 b) 24×8 c) 68×56 d) 386×7 e) 951×15 f) 253×14 g) 9685×20
a) 6 ÷ 2 b) 68 ÷ 7 c) 85 ÷ 3 d) 508 ÷ 4 e) 599 ÷ 13 f) 786 ÷ 16 g) 9501 ÷ 30
3) In an apple box, there are 8 crates and in each crate there are 15 apples. How many
apples are there in the box?
4) Product of two numbers is 560. One of the numbers is 10. Find the other number.
5) If ` 45000 are distributed equally among 20 old age pensioners, then how much
amount will each get?
6) The cost of 1 dozen books is ` 840. What is the cost of 1 book? ( 1Dozen=12)
7) Complete the table.
Item Price (per kg) in ` Quantity Total cost in `

Sugar 42 12 kg 42 x 12 = 504
Ground nut 135 15kg
Red gram 90 8kg
Green gram 75 9kg
8) Complete the table.
Item Quantity Total cost in ` Cost per kg in `

Jaggery 3kg 135 135 ÷ 3 = 45
Ghee 2kg 950
Apples 10kg 960
Red gram 5kg 450
Addition and subtraction of like fractions:

Jareena, Mary and Thanvi are friends. Jareena has big chocolate. She distributed the
chocolate in the following way.
Mary Thanvi Jareena
Number of equal pieces in the big chocolate = 10

We know that!
Number of chocolate pieces Mary got = 3
If ‘ a ’ is fraction, then
Number of chocolate pieces Thanvi got = 3 b
a is called
Number of chocolate pieces Jareena got = 4
‘numerator’ and b is
3 called ‘denominator’.
Fraction part taken by Mary = 10
3
Fraction part taken by Thanvi = 10
4
Fraction part taken by Jareena = 10
We know that fractions with same denominators are called “like fractions”
3 4
and are like fractions
10 10
Can you give 3 more like fractions with denominator 10?

Addition of like fractions:-
a) + =
1 2
+ =
4 4
b) + =
1 1
+ =
3 3
1 3 1+ 3 4
Example: + = =
10 10 10 10
Do these
1. Shade and write the fraction in boxes given below.
a) + =
+ =
b) + =
+ =
2. Find the sums.

6 2 4 3 25 13
a) + = d) + = g) + =
9 9 7 7 49 49
2 7 8 2 25 53
b) + = e) + = h) + =
11 11 15 15 81 81
3 2 9 8 42 21
c) + = f) + = i) + =
7 7 22 22 97 97
Subtraction of like fractions:-
a)
=
3 3 1
- =
4 4 4
b)
=
3 3 2
- =
3 3 3
8 7 8-7 1
Example : - = =
10 10 10 10
Do these
1. Shade and write the fraction in boxes given below.
a) =
b) =
2. Find the difference.

9 2 8 4 11 3 13 10
a) - = c) - = e) - = g) - =
11 11 9 9 16 16 30 30
5 3 7 2 9 5 21 11
b) - = d) - = f) - = h) - =
11 11 10 10 20 20 40 40
Exercise - 5
a) 4578 +121 b) 897+9547 c) 9897+6027 d) 5240 + 253 + 32 + 5
2) Giri received ` 2250 towards old age pension and ` 9500 under Rythubharosa scheme.
How much amount did he get?
3) In a village, the number of females is 250 more than that of males. If the number of
males is 1590, find the population in the village.
4) Do the following:
a) 3128 – 298 b) 4021 – 2837 c) 6000 – 1234 d) 2001 – 256 – 1258
5) Sum of two numbers is 7680. One of the two numbers is 2519.Find the other number.
6) Seetha has ` 6500. Raju has ` 155 less than Seetha's amount. Find the amount with
Raju.
a) 342 ×12 b) 674×35 c) 704×67 d) 456 × 25 e) 508 × 68
8) Vijaya has ` 685 Karthik has 13 times more than Vijaya's amount. Find the amount
with Karthik.
9) The cost of a fan is ` 685 and a table is ` 2250. Find the total cost of 2 fans and 3 tables.
10) The cost of a paint bucket was ` 750. Lalitha wanted to paint her house, so she bought
5 buckets. How much amount did she pay for 5 buckets of paint?
11) A pair of shoes costs ` 250. A donar wants to donate shoes for 32 children in a school.
Find how much amount will he require to buy shoes?
12) There are 105 words on each page of a book on an average. If the book contains 53
pages, find how many words are there in the book?
a) 385 ÷ 5 b) 406 ÷ 6 c) 790 ÷ 12 d) 500 ÷ 25 e) 786 ÷ 50 f) 901 ÷ 43
14) Product of two numbers is 980. One of them is 5. Find the other number.
15) If 125 chocolates were distributed equally among 25 members, find how many
chocolates will each get?
3 4 4 3 7 2 4 1
a) + b) + c) - d) -
10 10 8 8 8 8 9 9
1
17) Ravi read 4 th of the pages in a book. How much part is yet to be
completed in the book?
18) Bhinneswar distributed 2/7 of his property to his daughter, and 3/7 to
his son. How much part of his property was distribute to his children?
Chapter My Number
2 World
Rekha and Harsha are studying 5th class. Their class teacher asked them to collect the
information of population of their Village/ward, Mandal and District from their
Village/Ward Secretariat. They went to the village secretariat and collected the information.
Collect and write the

population of your
Village:____________
Mandal: ____________
District:_____________
No sir!
What is the population of Katarupalli village?

What is the population of Gandlapenta mandal?
Can anyone say the population of Anantapuramu district?
It has more than five digits. You have learned up to 5-digit numbers only in your previous
class. Now you will learn numbers with 6-digits and more.
99,999
Lakh: +1
100,000
Teacher: What is the greatest 5-digit number?
Student: It is ninety nine thousand nine hundred and ninety nine.
Teacher: What is one more than 99,999?
One lakh= 1,00,000
Student: It is hundred thousand.
Teacher: It is also called as One lakh.
In the same way, 2,00,000 is read as two lakhs,
3,00,000 is read as ___________ 4,00,000 is read as ___________
5,00, 000 is read as ___________ 6,00,000 is read as ___________
7, 00,000 is read as ___________ 8,00,000 is read as ___________
9,00,000 is read as ___________ 4,50,000 read as ______________
We read 4, 53, 258 as four lakh, fifty three thousand, two hundred and fifty eight.
7,49,192 is read as ___________________
Do these
1) Read the numbers 3,51,645 and 9,38,715.
2) Write any five 6-digit numbers and read. 9,99,999
+1
Ten-lakh: We know that 9,99,999 is the largest six digit 10,00,000
number. If we add one more to this one, we will get 10,00,000.

Ten lakh= 10,00,000, is it?
It is the smallest 7-digit number and read as ten lakh.
20,00,000 read as __________ 30,00,000 read as __________
40,00,000 read as __________ 50,00,000 read as __________
60,00,000 read as __________ 70,00,000 read as ___________
Example: We read the number 75,29,386 as seventy five lakh twenty nine thousand three
hundred and eighty six.
Do these
1) Read the numbers 65,14,852 and 29,36,429.
2) Write any five 7-digit numbers and read.
Activity - 1
Let us draw seven concentric circles on the floor.

Name the circles as ‘ones’, ‘tens’, ‘hundreds’,... from inner most to outer most circles.
Each time a student comes and keeps
one stone - in ‘ones’ circle
five stones - in ‘tens’ circle
two stones - in ‘hundreds’ circle
Eighth student has to say the number.
Twenty two lakh, forty two thousand, two hundred and fifty one
ones
*1 * *
* * tens* * * *
* * ** *
10
hundred 100
1,000
thousand
* *
Ten-thousand *
10,000
lakh *
1,00,000
10,00,000
Ten lakh -
Exercise - 1
1) Write the following numbers in words.

a) 1,25,602 b) 4,50, 536 c) 80,00,005 d) 5,58,942 e) 95,75,240
2) Write in number for the following.
a) Five lakh, twenty four thousand, three hundred and ninety six = ________________
b) Fourteen lakh, thirty five thousand and fifteen = ____________________________
c) Seventy four lakh, sixty two thousand, four hundred and sixty five = ____________
3) Read the following and answer.
Vemanna bought a house for `.45,87,000 and a plot beside it, at `.18, 56,000. He paid a
total amount of `. 64,43,000.
The cost of house (in words): `. ________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
The cost of the plot (in words): `._______________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
The total cost of house and plot is (in words): `. ____________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Crore:
What is the It is 99,99,999.
greatest 7
digit
number?
What is 99,99,999
+1
one more 1,00,00,000
than this
number?
It is one Crore. And

One crore is the
smallest 8 digit number.
Ten crore:
The greatest 8-digit number is ____________________
What happens when 1 is added to this? 9, 99, 99, 999

+1
10, 00, 00, 000
And Ten crore is the smallest 9-digit number.
What is the biggest 9-digit number? ten crore = 10,00,00,000
In the same way we can have Hundred Crore, Thousand Crore……..etc.
Children, ones, tens, hundreds, thousands, ten-thousands, lakhs….etc are the places
in Hindu-Arabic system of numeration or Indian system of numeration which is
widely used in our country.
2.2:- Hindu-Arabic system of numeration (Indian system of numeration):-
From the above discussion, we can form a table of places according to Indian system of
numeration as follows…..
Ten One or
Ten crore Crore Ten lakh Lakh Thousand Hundred Ten
thousand Unit
Place
10,00,00,000 1,00,00,000 10,00,000 1,00,000 10,000 1,000 100 10 1
TC C TL L TTh Th H T O or U
Do you know?
1) The Crores, consist of places not only Crores place and Ten crores place but also
Hundred crores, thousand crores… etc.
2) We commonly put comma firstly after hundreds, next ten-thousands, next ten-
lakhs... etc to read any number easily in Indian system.
The following place value chart can help to explain what the number means in Hindu-
Arabic system
Ten
Ten crore Crore Ten lakh Lakh Thousand Hundred Ten One
thousand
Place
10,00,00, 1,00,00, 10,00,00
1,00,000 10,000 1,000 100 10 1
000 000 0
Number 1 4 9 5 9 7 8 7 2
Place 1×10,00,0 4×1,00,0 9×10,00, 5×1,00,0
9×10,000 7×1,000 8×100 7×10 2×1
value of 0,000 0,000 000 00
each digit 10,00,00, 4,00,00, 90,00,00
5,00,000 90,000 7,000 800 70 2
000 000 0
Number 14,00,00,000 95,00,000 97,000 872
Number
in Ninety seven Eight hundred and
name Fourteen crore Ninety five lakh
words thousand seventy two
In words:- Fourteen crore ninety five lakh ninety seven thousand eight hundred and
seventy two.
Standard form ( Short form) :- 14, 95, 97, 872
Expanded form:-
(1×10,00,00,000) + (4×1,00,00,000) + (9×10,00,000) + (5×1,00,000) + (9×10,000) +
(7×1,000) + (8×100) + (7×10) + (2×1)
= 10,00,00,000 + 4,00,00,000 + 90,00,000 + 5,00,000 + 90,000 + 7,000 + 800 + 70 + 2
= one ten crore + four crores + nine ten lakhs + five lakhs + nine ten thousands +
seven thousands + eight hundreds + seven tens + two
Do these
1) Write the following numerals in standard form and also write in words.
a) 721594 b) 4632584 c) 73156324 d) 407523436
2) Express the following numbers in expanded form.
a) 7,34,254 b) 42, 63, 456 c) 40,63,52,456 d) 73,45,46,800
Activity - 2
a) Observe the following representation of a number on spike-abacus.

Example:-
TC Cr TL L TTh Th H T O
Number in standard form:- 36, 54, 36, 123

Expanded form:- 30,00,00,000 + 6,00,00,000 + 50,00,000 + 4,00,000 + 30,000 + 6,000 +
100 + 20 + 3
Number in words:- Thirty six crore fifty four lakh thirty six thousand one hundred and
twenty three.
b) Write the standard form, expanded form and number name for the number represented
on spike-abacus.
TC Cr TL L TTh Th H T O
Number in standard form:- _________________________________________________

Expanded form:- _________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Number in words:- _______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Do these
1) Draw the spike-abacus for the following numbers in your notebook.
1) 54,56,705 2) 6,27,00,045 3) 72,61,50,305
2) Write the numerals in standard form for the following number names.
a) Twenty five lakh five thousand eight hundred and forty one.
_______________________
b) Five crore twenty lakh six thousand two hundred and five.
_______________________
c) Ninety one crore sixty seven lakh thirty five thousand eight hundred and
forty two. _______________________
3) Write the numerals in standard form for the following expanded forms.
a) 60,00,000 + 0 + 50,000 + 1,000 + 0 + 0 + 8 = _________________________
b) 70,00,00,000 + 30,000 + 5,000 + 400 + 3 = __________________________
c) 20,00,00,000 + 80,00,000 + 40,000 + 500 + 1 = _______________________
Tc Cr T-L L T-Th Th H T O
Let’s Play
Let's draw a table as shown above on the black board. Now come and write the
digits in the boxes one after one starting from ones place as you desired with students. As
soon as the ninth child writes his digit in ten-crores box, he has to read out the number so
formed. Let all should continue the play. This game can also be played with two groups.
Exercise - 2
1) Write the following numerals in standard form using commas in Hindu-Arabic

system.
1) 24536192 2) 512483427 3) 205030401 4) 900000100
2) Write the following numerals in words.
1) 7,29,47,542 2) 93,53,26,491 3) 70,30,10,400 4) 30,00,02,000
3) Write expanded form for the following numerals.
1) 3, 49,85,294 2) 72,47,27,144 3) 50,23,80,050 4) 90,07,00,020
4) Write the number in standard for the following.
a) Forty five lakh thirty three thousand six hundred and eighty four.
b) Twenty five core seventy thousand five hundred.
c) 5crore+ 2 ten lakh+ 9 lakh+ 4 ten thousand+ 2 thousand+ one hundred+ 2 ten+ 8one
d) 9 ten crore + 7 crore + 8 ten lakh + 5 ten thousand + 4 hundred + 1 one.
e) 20,00,00,000 + 4,00,00,000 + 50,00,000 + 3,00,000 + 40,000 + 5,000 + 300 +70 +9
f) 80,00,00,000 + 5,000 + 3
5) Read the following and answer the questions.
a) The female population of Uttar Pradesh state is 9,49,85,062 and the male population is
10,45,96,415 according to 2011 census, and the total population is 19,95,81,477.
a) Write number-name of the female population of Uttar Pradesh state.
b) Write expanded form of the male population of the state.
c) Write number-name and expanded forms of the total population of the state.
b) The distance between Sun to our planet Earth is fourteen crore, ninety five lakh, ninety
seven thousand, eight hundred and seventy kilo- meters.
Write the above number-name form as standard form and also write in expanded form.
Fun activity:- Let's do Sankhyavadhanam
6 is in ten 3 is in
2 is in lakhs thousands thousands
place place place
7 is in
5 is in ten hundreds
lakhs place place
7 is in crores 4 is in tens
place place
The number is
......................
3 is in ten 9 is in ones
crores place place
2.3:- Place value and Face values of a digit in a number:-

Place of digit:-
Example:- In 5,46, 739, the place of 4 is ten thousands place.
Place value of digit:-
Example:- In 5,46,739, the place-value of 4 is 4×10 000 = 40 000, since 4 is in ten
thousands place.
Face-value of digit:-
Example:- In 5, 46, 734, the face-value of 4 is 4.
5 4 6 7 3 9
Place Ten-thousands
Place-value 40,000
Face-value 4
Do this
Write place, place-value and face-value of the digit underlined in the following
numbers.
a) 43, 84,304 b) 43, 67,245 c) 68,98,23,052 d) 47, 63, 05, 100
Activity - 3
Let's prepare flash-cards having digits from 0 to 9, 10, 20… 90, 100, 200… 900,
1000, 2000,… 9000 like this up to 90,00,00,000 (put commas in appropriate places). Now
write a number on board (ex: 43,52,16,978) and form the expanded form of the number
using the above flash cards as well as short form could also be formed using the commas.
(This activity can be used as group activity or individual activity.)
For example:
Write 43,52,16,978 on blackboard, students will select the cards as shown below
and arrange them for expanded form as well as standard form.
40,00,00,000 3,00,00,000 50,00,000 2,00,000 10,000 6,000 900 70 8
2.4:- Formation of numbers from given digits:-

v Forming greatest number, using given digits without repeating:-
To form the greatest number, we arrange the given digits in descending order.
Example:- Form the greatest 7-digit number by using the digits 0, 7, 4, 1, 3,6 and 2.
Sol:- The descending order of digits is 7,6,4,3,2,1,0
Hence the greatest 7-digit number is 76,43,210.
v Forming the smallest number from the given digits without repetition:-
Case-1:- When none of the given digits is zero, we arrange the given digits in ascending
order to form smallest number.
Example:The smallest 8-digit number formed by using the digits 7, 1, 5, 2, 8,3,4 and 9
The ascending order of digits is 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
The smallest number is 1,23,45,789
Case-2:- When one of the given digits is zero in this case we put ‘0' at the second place from
left. We can fill the remaining places from left to right by the remaining digits in
ascending order.
Example:- a) The smallest seven digit number formed by using the digits 1, 0, 3, 5, 6, 9
and 7 is 1035679.
b) The smallest 8- digit number formed by using the digits 7, 3, 0, 4, 2, 8, 6
and 9 is 2,03,46,789.
v Forming the smallest or the greatest number using given digits when repeating of
digits allowed:-
To write greatest number, form greatest number using the given digits each only
once without repeating. Then in the number so formed, now repeat highest digit in
highest places as allowed number of times to form the desired greatest number.
To write smallest number, form smallest number using the given digits each only
once without repeating. Then in the number so formed, now repeat the smallest digit in
highest places as allowed number of times to form the desired smallest number.
Example:- Write the greatest and smallest 5-digit numbers formed by using all the digits
1, 6 and 9 if repeating allowed.
Sol: The greatest number = 99,961
The smallest number = 11,169
Do these
1) Write greatest and smallest 7-digit numbers using the digits 4, 0, 3, 6, 2,
5 and 9 without repeating.
2) Write greatest and smallest 6-digit numbers using digits 4, 1, 0 and 3 by
allowing any digit, any times repeat but use each digit at least once.
2.5:- Comparing and Ordering:-

Comparing large numbers.
1) The number with more number of digits is greater (and the number with less number of
digits is smaller.)
For example: 1)7,35,84,242 > 94,85,096
2) 52,61,239 < 5,26,12,390
2) If the number of digits is same, compare the digits in the left most place. The number with
the greatest left most digit is greater and the number with smallest left most digit is smaller.
For example: 1) 83,45,63,245 > 61,25,61,100
2) 48,65,41,254 < 68,65,41,254
My number is 32,54,62,419
My number is 74,00,52,103
Which number is big?
Ordering large numbers:

Let's understand the ordering of large numbers.
Example: Arrange the following numbers in the ascending and the descending orders.
7,36,01,295; 80,34,51,276; 3,04,63,589; 81,72,345; 91,00,32,947
Solution:
Step-1:- Arrange the numbers by place-values.
Step-2:- Using comparision rules, arrange the given numbers in descending order.
Numbers T-C C TL L TTh Th H T o
73601295 7 3 6 0 1 2 9 5
803451276 8 0 3 4 5 1 2 7 6
30463589 3 0 4 6 3 5 8 9
8172345 8 1 7 2 3 4 5
910032947 9 1 0 0 3 2 9 4 7
Hence, the numbers written in the ascending order is

81,72,345 3,04,63,589 7,36,01,295 80,34,51,276 91,00,32,947
The numbers written in the descending order is...
91,00,32,947 80,34,51,276 7,36,01,295 3,04,63,589 81,72,345
Do these
1. Compare the following numbers using the symbols < or > in the blanks.
1) 48,34,635 ____2,84,00,000
2) 9,63,84,312 _____ 9,24,94,989
3) 42,35,68,943 _____ 42,35,19,045
4) 25, 25,25,252 ____ 25, 25, 25, 525
2. Arrange the following numbers in ascending and descending orders.
2345678 607810542 694317 84120079 498900351 902347016
Exercise - 3
1) Workout the following.

a) Write place, place-value and face-value for the underlined digits in the following
numbers in Indian system.
1) 73,58, 942 2) 40,73,35,536 3) 82,45,63 125 4) 64,63,98,524
b) Which digit can be filled in the blank given in the number (47,_5,63,251) whose
place-value is 90,00,000?
c) Find five numbers such that the digit in tens place, lakhs place and ten crores place, is
3 and remaining places have the same digit.
d) I am a 9 digit number. My ten crores place digit is two more than the digit in my
hundreds place and the digit in my thousands place is 5 more than the digit in my
hundreds place. If 3 is in my hundreds place and in remaining places are 1. Express
my name in number form.
2) Do the following problems.

1) Form the greatest and the smallest 5-digit numbers using the digits 8, 3, 9, 2 and 5
without repeating.
2) Form the greatest and the smallest 6-digit numbers using the digits 4, 5, 8, 7, 2 and 6
without repeating.
3) Form the smallest and the greatest 8-digit numbers using the digits 1, 5, 3, 8, 6, 4, 7
and 2 without repeating.
4) Form the greatest and the smallest 7-digit numbers using the digits 5, 0, 8, 4, 3 and 7
(by repeating any one digit but use all digits at least once.)
5) Form the greatest and the smallest 6-digit even numbers using 5, 0, 2 and1(allowing
any digit two times but use each digit at least once.)
3) Compare the following numbers using > or < or = in the blanks.

1) 87 83 93 790 ________ 8 29 80 7 58
2) 792849758 ________ 46758490
3) 90020403 ________ 400953400
4) 58694658 ________ 45100857
4) Arrange the following sets of numbers in the ascending order.

1) 2828335; 3537286; 1995764; 2989632; 42,86371
2) 1643468735; 102947026; 19385702; 148927131; 109125456
5) Arrange the following sets of numbers in the descending order.
1) 2003563; 19872003; 279868; 20016930
2) 748932165; 482930456; 69539821; 984326834; 289354124
2.6:- International system of numeration (British system of numeration):-
Now let's learn International system or British system of numeration, which is slightly
different from Indian system. It is widely used in International communications.
Places of International system of numeration.
Hundred Ten Hundred Ten Thous Hund Ones or

Million Ten
million million thousand thousand and red Units
Place HM TM M HTh TTh Th H T O or U
100000000 10000000 1000000 100000 10000 1000 100 10 1
Ø We notice that up to ten thousands place, both the systems are alike. But there are
changes from lakhs place. (Here lakh is taken as Hundred thousand, ten lakh is taken
as Million, crore is taken as Ten million, ten crore is taken as Hundred million and so
on.)
Ø In the same way, we have Billions, trillions… etc followed by Millions.
Ø (We commonly put comma, firstly after hundreds, next hundred-thousands, next
hundred-millions, next hundred-billions…. etc to read any number easily in
International system.)
For example: Numeral 735632150 is written in the International system as 735, 632, 150
and read as Seven hundred thirty five million six hundred thirty two
thousand one hundred and fifty. The number expanded as follows…
Hundred Ten Hundred Ten Thousa Hundre One or

Place Million Ten
million million thousand thousand nd d Unit
Number 7 3 5 6 3 2 1 5 0
7×100 3×10 5×1 000 2×1

6×100 000 3×10 000 1×100 5×10 0×1
Place- 000 000 000 000 000 000
value 700 000 30 000 5 000
600 000 30 000 2 000 100 50 0
000 000 000
Number Seven hundred and thirty five Six hundred thirty two
One hundred and fifty
in words million thousand
Example: Write standard form and number name for 720563042 in International system.
Sol: 720, 563, 042
Number in words: Seven hundred twenty million five hundred sixty

three thousand and forty two.
Project work:
Collect the news papers of last week and pick out any ten large
numbers. Then write their standard forms, number in words and
expanded forms for them in both the systems of numeral.
Do these
1) Write the following numerals in standard forms in International system
and write the number names.
a) 4753625 b) 700400300 c) 4250431 d) 147235857
2) Write the following numerals in the International system.
a. Three hundred thousands = ________________________
b. 5 millions = ____________________________________
c. Seventy millions = _______________________________
d. Four hundred millions = ___________________________
Comparison of the Indian system and the International systems

Activity - 4
The cost of this

house is 1million The cost of this
and 5 hundred house is 15 lakh
thousand rupees. rupees.
House for sale ` 1500000
Think and say:
From the above discussion, one million is ________________ lakhs.
Indian system of numeration International system of numeration
(Hindu-Arabic system of numeration) (British system of numeration)
Places Places
One or Unit 1 One or Unit 1
Ten 10 Ten 10
Hundred 100 Hundred 100
Thousand 1000 Thousand 1000
Thousands Thousand
Ten thousand 10 000 Ten thousand 10 000
s
Lakh 1 00 000 Hundred thousand 100 000
Lakhs
Ten lakh 10 00 000 Million 1 000 000
Crore 1 00 00 000 Millions Ten million 10 000 000
Crores
Ten crore 10 00 00 000 Hundred million 100 000 000
Do you Know?
The largest number commonly known as one Googol-flex. It is 10 raised to the power
of Googol. (Googol is 1 followed by 100 zeros)
Exercise - 4
1) Write the following numerals in standard forms by putting commas, according

to International system of numeration.
1) 4528973 2) 53547652 3) 901247381 4) 200200200
Write the number names for the following numbers in British system.
1) 700,000 2) 1,200,000 3) 2,524,000 4) 7,521,256 5) 475,562,125
2) Answer the following questions.
1) 1 lakh = ________________ thousands.
2) 1 million =__________________ lakhs.
3) 1 crore = __________________ millions.
4) 1 hundred million = __________________ crores.
5) 1 million = ___________________ thousands.
3) The distance between Sun to our planet Earth is 149597870 kilometres.
Write this number in standard-form and number-name in International system.
Chapter Addition and
3 Subtractions
3.1:- Introduction:-
Shankar cultivated paddy in his two acres field. He wanted to know the cost of
cultivation. He asked his daughter to write down the details of his expenditure. She wrote
the details as follows.
Details of expenditure Expenditure for 1 acre ( ` ) Expenditure for 2 acres
Preparation of field 2545

Seed bed and plantating 4507
Removal of weeds 1235
Fertilizers & pesticides 4700
Harvesting 4125
To heap and to winning 4675
Now answer the following questions.
1. How much did Shankar invest on preparation of field for seed bed?
2. How much did he spend on harvesting and to heap and winning?
3. How much did he spend on seed bed and removal of weeds?
4. What is the total cost of cultivation of paddy in 1 acre?
5. What is the total cost of cultivation of paddy in 2 acres?
Sambaiah, the brother of Shankar, has 1 acre of field.
Let's observe how much they spent together.

T.Th T H T O
Shankar's expenditure = 4 3 5 7 4
Sambaiah's expenditure = +2 1 7 8 7
This problem can be solved like this T.Th Th H T O

3.2:- Process of Addition:- 1
Step 1: Adding ones, 4 ones + 7 ones = 11 ones 4 3 5 7 4

= 1ten+1 one 2 1 7 8 7
Write 1 in ones column and carry one ten 1
to the tens column.
T.Th Th H T O
1 1
Step 2: Adding Tens, Ten (carried) +7 tens +8 tens
= 16 tens = 1 hundred + 6 tens 4 3 5 7 4
Write 6 in tens column and 2 1 7 8 7
1 hundred is carried to hundreds column. 6 1
T.Th Th H T O
Step 3: Adding hundreds, carried 1 hundred +
1 1 1
5 hundred + 7 hundreds = 13 hundreds
=1 thousand + 3 hundreds 4 3 5 7 4
Write 3 in hundreds column and 2 1 7 8 7
1 thousand is carried to thousand column. 3 6 1
Step 4: Adding thousands:- T.Th Th H T O
1 thousand + 3 thousands + one thousand 1 1 1
(carried)
= 5 thousands 4 3 5 7 4
Write 5 in thousands column. 2 1 7 8 7
5 3 6 1
Step 5: Adding ten thousands column:-
T.Th Th H T O
4 Ten thousands +2 Ten thousands
1 1 1
= 6 Ten thousands
4 3 5 7 4
Write 6 in ten thousands column.
2 1 7 8 7
So, the total cost of both rows is 65361.
6 5 3 6 1
Example1: Add 52435 and 42567.
Solution: 52435 + 42567
T Th Th H T O
1 1 1
5 2 4 3 5
+ 4 2 5 6 7
9 5 0 0 2
So, 52435 + 42567 = 95002
Example 2: Add 326523 and 437582.

Solution: 326523 + 437582
L T.Th Th H T O
1 1 1
3 2 6 5 2 3
+ 4 3 7 5 8 2
7 6 4 1 0 5
3,26,523 + 4,37,582 = 7,64,105
Do these
I) Do the following.
1) Add 20762 and 12225 2) Add 826532 and 153264 3) Add 286952 and 394256
II) Arrange in columns and add.
1) 932648 + 643578 + 376493 2) 763482 +367842 + 567324
3) 673483 + 447862 + 663822 4) 25014 + 203101 + 2020
How much:
Mohan is proprietor of a meals canteen. He spent ` 31,787/- in January-2020 and
earned ` 53,574/-. Calculate his gain in the month.
T.Th Th H T O
Mohan earned in January: 5 3 5 7 4
He spent : (-) 3 1 7 8 7
3.3:- Algorithm of 'Subtraction':-

T.Th Th H T O
Step 1: Subtract the ones. 7 > 4 so, borrow one ten from
tens place leaving behind 6 Tens. 6 14
Regroup 1 ten borrowed into 10 ones. 5 3 5 7 4
Now you have 10 ones + 4 ones =14 ones. 3 1 7 8 7
14ones - 7 ones = 7 ones
7
Write 7 in the ones column.
Step2: Subtract the tens. 8 tens> 6 tens. So, borrow one T.Th
Th H T O
hundred from hundreds 16
column leaving behind 4 hundreds. 4 6 14
Regroup 1 hundred borrowed into 10 tens. 5 3 5 7 4
Now you have 10 Tens+ 6 Tens = 16 Tens. 3 1 7 8 7
16 Tens - 8 Tens= 8 Tens
8 7
Now, write 8 in tens column.
Step 3: Subtract hundreds column. 7 hundreds > 4 hundreds. T.Th Th H T O
14 16
So borrow one thousand from thousand column.
2 4 6 14
Regroup 1 thousands borrowed into 10 hundreds.
You have 10 hundred + 4 hundreds =14 hundreds 5 3 5 7 4
14 hundreds – 7 hundred = 7 hundreds. 3 1 7 8 7
Write 7 in hundreds column. 7 8 7
Step 4: Subtract the thousands column. T.Th Th H T O
2 Thousands – 1 Thousand = 1 Thousand. 14 16
2 4 6 14
Write 1 in Thousands column.
5 3 5 7 4
3 1 7 8 7
1 7 8 7
Step 5: Subtract Ten thousands column. T.Th Th H T O

5 Ten thousands – 3 Ten thousands 14 16
2 4 6 14
= 2 Ten thousands.
5 3 5 7 4
Mohan gained 21,787/- in the month
3 1 7 8 7
2 1 7 8 7
Example 1: Subtract 26874 from 49543 Example 2: By how much 2356 is less by
Solution: 49543 - 26874 32564 than?
T.Th Th H T O Solution: Subtract 2356 from 32564
4 9 5 4 3 32564 - 2356
- 2 6 8 7 4 T.Th Th H T O
2 2 6 6 9 3 2 5 6 4
- 2 3 5 6
49543 - 26874 = 22669
3 0 2 0 8
2356 is less than 30208 from 32564
Do these
1. a. 860438 – 764859 d. 880056 – 45396 g. 435217 – 383450
b. 56080 – 4398 e. 700000 – 75897 h. 980000 – 573429
c. 600005 – 65095 f. 906004 – 473894 i. 650701 – 404107
2. a. Subtract 76384 from 647836 d. Subtract 432010 from 705645

b. Subtract 8437 from 783409 e. Subtract 607080 from 900000
c. Subtract 386472 from 764986 f. Subtract 201781 from 400000
3. a. What is to be added to153672 to get 503267
b. What is to be added to 603257 to get 999999.
c. By how much 20325 is less than 425067?
d. How much is to be subtracted from 673267 to make it to 59325?
Cloth store:
Vanaja's family decided to purchase some garments on the occasions of her
daughter’s marriage. So she purchased some garments in APCo showroom. The billing
details are as shown below.
Purchased garments Total in `

Silk sarees 9899
Cotton sarees 6940
Silk panche 2785
Door curtains 8438
Bed sheets 5900
Towels 2350
1. How much money is spent on silk sarees more than that of door curtains?
2. How much less money is spent on bed sheets than cotton sarees?
3. How much money is spent on both silk sarees and silk panche?
4. How much money did Vanaja spend for door curtains, bed sheets and towels?
5. How much money did Vanaja spend for shopping?
Project Work
Collect the information about your village from your Panchayat office. And find
out the sums.
Village Name:
Number of male
Number of female
Number of children
Total
Literates
Illiterates
Total
Discuss with your teacher about the table.
Ex1. Find the difference of the largest 6-digit number and the largest 5-digit number.
6 digit largest number = 9,99,999
5 digit largest number = - 99,999
9,00,000
The difference = 9,00,000.
Ex:2 Find the sum of the smallest 6-digit odd number and the largest 5-digit
even number.
The smallest 6 digit odd number = 1,00,001
The largest 5 digit even number = + 99,998
1,99,999
Their sum = 1,99,999.
3.4:-Addition and Subtraction facts:-
We know that 8 + 4 = 12. We can derive two subtraction facts for this addition.
12 - 4 = 8 and 12 - 8 = 4
We can write subtraction facts for addition of two large numbers also in the same way.
Example : 543267 + 153268 = 696535
The subtraction facts that follow are...
696535 696535
– 153268 – 543267
543267 153268
For each subtraction, we can have only one addition fact.
Example : 14 - 8 = 6, then the addition fact is 6 + 8 = 14.

170381
The addition fact for 323648 - 153267 = 170381
+153267
is 170381 + 153267 = 323648
323648
Example : Simplify 234856 + 325416 - 384021
Solution:
Step-1: Add the numbers having '+' sign.
Step-2: Subtract the third number from the sum obtained in step-1
(1) L T.Th Th H T O (2) L T.Th Th H T O
2 3 4 8 5 6 5 6 0 2 7 2
+ 3 2 5 4 1 6 + – 3 8 4 0 2 1
5 6 0 2 7 2 1 7 6 2 5 1
234856 + 325416 – 384021 = 176251
Exercise - 1
a) 4986 + 3430 - 5467 = ........ b) 78645 - 36789 + 23576 = ...............
c) 40376 - 20568 - 76485 + 87364 =.......... d) 643857 + 467896 - 445386 = ..........
2) Fill in the blanks.
Addition Subtraction Fact - 1 Subtraction Fact - 2

750 + 250 = 1000 1000 – 250 = ______ 1000 – 750 = _______
650 +150 = 800 800 – 650 = ______ 800 – 150 = ______
66750 + 250 = 67000
36750 + 250 = 37000
3. A man earns ` 37645/- in a month and his wife earns ` 25367. If they spend
` 38600/- in a month, how much do they save in that month?
4. Siva had ` 52,490. He purchased a cow for ` 15,870 and a buffalo for ` 25,785. How
much money is with him now?
5. A milk dairy produces 25,545 litres of milk every day. It supplies 15,625 litres of milk
to various milk depots and the rest to the market. How much milk is supplied to the
market?
3.5:- Properties of addition:-
Property 1:
Ex: Add 2579 to 3275; and 3275 to 2579.
First we add 3275 Then we add 2579
+ 2579 + 3275
5854 5854
If we change the order of 2579 and 3275 as shown above, the result is same.
Thus, 2579 + 3275 = 3275 + 2579 = 5854.
* Changing the order of the two addends does not change the total.
Property 2:
Let us add 9213 to 0 and also add 0 to 9213.
We have 0 9213
+ 9213 + 0
9213 9213
From the above example you may know that, by adding 0 to any number you will
get the same number.
Thus 9213 + 0 = 9213 + 0 = 9213.
* If we add a number to 0, we get the number itself.
3.6:- Subtraction across zero:-

Ex:1 Subtract 100 from 1000.
Borrow 1 thousand from the thousands
Th H T O place leaving behind thousands.
10
1 0 0 0 1 thousand = 10 hundreds
– 1 0 0 Now subtract column wise.
9 0 0
Ex:2 Subtract 1 from 1000

1 thousand = 10 hundreds
Th H T O
9 9 10 10 hundreds = 9 + 1 hundreds
1 0 0 0
1hundred = 10 tens... so, on.
– 1
10 tens = 9 tens + 1 ten
9 9 9
1 ten = 10 ones
Now, subtract column wise.
Do this
I) Fill in the blanks using addition properties.
1. 35 + 67 = 67 + .......... 2. 378 + 894 = ..... + .......
3. 889 + 0 =........ 4. 0 + ..... = 6592 + .........
5. 7634 + 3210 = ...... + 7634 6. 9345 + - = 4537 + .........
Exercise - 2
Workout the following:
1. Cost of pesticide sprayer is ` 4500/-. Government provides a subsidy of ` 2900/-.
How much farmer has to pay from his pocket?
2. What is the difference of largest 5 digit number and smallest 6 digit number?
3. A man earned ` 4,75,000 in a year. He spent ` 3,85,600. How much money did he
save?
4. There are 3,25,208 men; 3,18,405 women and 2,98,405 children in a town. What is the
total population of the town?
5. In a district 36,405 students were passed in S.S.C examinations. If the number of failed
students were 4,305 find the total number of students appeared for the examination.
6. Padmaja's income was ` 5,35,256 in 2018. Next year her income exceeded the
previous year's income by ` 78,500. What was her income in the year 2019? How
much did she earn in these two years?
3.7:- Estimating sums and differences:-

To estimate sum or difference, first round off each number to its nearest tens,
hundreds or thousands as per the number of digits in the numbers and then add or
subtract.
Estimating Large numbers
Estimate the sum or difference by rounding off each number to the nearest ten
thousand.
Example : 62014 ...... 60000
+ 85703 ...... + 90000
150000
85703…… 90000
- 62014…… - 60000
30000
Estimate, the answer by rounding off. Do addition or subtraction according to the
problem given. One is done for you.
Example:
Baba had ` 7844/- in his bank account. His expenditure is ` 2257/-. Estimate the
remaining balance in his bank account.
` 8000 ` 9000 ` 10000 ` 6000
1. Raghu went to Rythu bazar and bought some vegetables worth ` 158/- , grocery
worth ` 143/-. How much he spent approximately?
` 200 ` 300 ` 400 ` 500
2. Raju bought a mobile for ` 7890/- and a chair for ` 3295/-. Estimate how much did
he pay more for the mobile.
` 4000 ` 3000 ` 1000 ` 5000
3. Haseena bought a saree for ` 5345/- and a shirt for ` 2050/-. Estimate the amount she
has to pay to the shop keeper approximately.
` 5000 ` 4000 ` 7000 ` 2000
4. Bunny scored 6,776 points on a video game and Baba scored 2,373 points. Estimate
the difference of the scores of Bunny and Baba approximately.
5000 8000 7000 6000
5. Lakshmi is reading a book that contain 257 pages. She has already read 163 pages.
Estimate how many pages are yet to be read approximately?
600 900 100 70
3.8:- Profit and Loss:-

A weaver weaves sarees on his
handloom and sells them in market. He buys
cotton, thread, silk thread, Jery silk...etc.
from a whole-seller. He sells them at a profit
and sometimes at a loss. He weaves costly
sarees on the orders of consumers. He can
weave a cotton-saree within two days and a
silk saree in 4 to 5 days. Now let's see his cost
of measuring each saree.
Cotton saree Silk saree
Cotton thread - ` 300/- Silk thread - ` 2500/-
Jerry - ` 200/- Jerry - ` 1000/-
Weaving charge - ` 400/- Weaving charge - ` 2000/-
Total: ` 900/- Total: ` 5,500/-
1. Weaver sells cotton saree for ` 1100/-. Does he make a profit or a loss?
2. Weaver sells damaged cotton saree for ` 400/- each. Does he make a profit or a
loss?
3. Weaver sells silk sarees for ` 6000/-. Does he make a profit or a loss? Cotton or
Silk?
Example :
A shop keeper purchases cotton sarees at the rate of ` 1200/- and silk sarees for
` 7000/- from a weaver. He sells those for ` 1400/-and ` 8500/- respectively.
Cost price of the cotton saree = ` 1200
Selling price of the cotton saree = `1400
What is your observation about silk saree?
The cost price of the silk saree = ` 7000
The selling price of the silk saree = ` 8500
What is your observation?

In both the cases, the selling price is higher than the cost price. So, he is getting
more amount than the cost price, this is called profit. To know this, we have to subtract
the cost price from the selling price.
Profit = Selling Price - Cost Price
We can gain if the selling price is more than cost price. Then the difference is
profit. Some cotton sarees are damaged or colours faded. So, such sarees were sold
for 800 each at a loss.
The cost price of the cotton sarees = ` 1200
The selling price of the cotton saree = ` 800
What is your observation?

In above case, selling price is lesser than the cost price. To know, how much less
amount is getting than the cost price, we subtract selling price from cost price.
Loss = Cost Price - Selling Price
We get loss if the cost price is more than selling price. If the selling price is high,
then we will get profit.
Example -1: A cycle shop owner bought a cycle worth ` 1500 and sold it for `1350.
Then, find whether the owner gets profit or loss, by how much?
Solution: Cycle's cost price = `1500
Cycle's selling price = `1350
Cost price is higher than the selling price. So, he gets loss.
Loss = Cost price - Selling price
= 1500 – `1350
= 150
Example -2: Amar is a gold merchant. He bought 10 gms of gold for ` 28000/-. Now its
rate has gone up to ` 40,000/-. Will Amar make a profit or a loss on selling the gold,
by how much?
Solution: Cost price of 10 g Gold = ` 28000
Present rate = ` 40000
Present rate is high. So he gets profit.
Profit = Present rate - Cost price
= ` 40000 – ` 28000
= ` 12000
Exercise - 3
Find the amount of profit or loss for the following problems.

1. Cost price of rice bag = ` 750; selling price = ` 900
2. Cost price of bed sheet = ` 635; selling price = ` 815
3. Cost price of umbrella = `105; selling price = ` 90
4. Cost price of a fan is ` 800 and by selling it, Ravi got a profit of ` 250. What is its
selling price?
5. Cost price of a motor cycle is ` 42500/- and by selling it, Ajay got a loss of ` 1800.
What is its selling price?
6. A thermos flask is purchased for ` 450 by a shopkeeper. He wants a profit of ` 50.

What should be its selling price?
7. Rekha and Geetha went to a movie. Rekha bought two tickets for ` 120. Geetha
bought two pop-corn packets at the rate of ` 30 for each. How much money did
Rekha spend more than that of Geetha?
Chapter Multiplication
4 and Division
Mr. Raju is a farmer. He is constructing a new house. He purchased the needed
material to build the house like sand, cement, iron, gravel and bricks.
The expenses are as mentioned below.
S. No. Item Unit Cost per unit No. of units

1 Sand Tractor truck ` 1000 (1 Tractor) 3
2 Cement brick Brick ` 16 (1 Brick) 500
3 Iron Kg ` 50 (1 kilo) 122 kilos
4 Cement Bag ` 356 (1Bag) 50
5 Gravel Tractor truck ` 3000 (1 tractor) 2
How much amount was spent on these primary things?
Cost per unit Number of unit Total amount
1. Sand × =
2. Cement bricks × =
3. Iron × =
4. Cement × =
5. Gravel × =
Then Raju asked Babu to send masons, helpers and labours to work on daily wage. The
details are given below.
S. No. Workmanship Wage per day
1 Mason ` 575
2 Helper ` 475
3 Labour ` 350
After the completion of 31 days of work, Sai who is the son of Babu calculated the
amount given to the Mason as shown below:
Days wage 500 70 5

30 500×30=15000 70×30=2100 5×30=150
1 500×1=500 70×1=70 1×5=5
Total : 15000 + 2100 + 150 + 500 + 70 + 5 = ` 17825

But Sai's brother Harsha calculated the same in another way as shown below.
One day labor wage to mason = ` 575
31 days labor wage to mason = ` 575 × 31
= (500 + 70 + 5) × 31
= (500 × 31) + (70 × 31) + (5 × 31)
= 15500 + 2170 + 155
= ` 17825
When they showed the two methods to their mother Jaya, she said, “both are correct
but I will explain you another method.”
Wage for 31 days to Mason
= ` 575 × 31
575 ------ (575×1)
+ 17250 ----- (575×30)
` 17825
Which method do you like?
Example:
Find the labour wage of helper for 23 days.
` 475 × 23
1425 ------ (475 × 3)
+ 9500 ------ (475 × 20)
` 10925
Do this
Do the followings.
a) 127×12 b) 245×17 c) 346×19 d) 495×24 e) 524×36
f) 642×43 g) 729×56 h) 867×69 i) 963×72 j) 806×83
Raju completed his house construction. He made a list of his relatives. He wanted to
invite 1256 members to ‘house warming’. He consulted a printing press to print the
invitation cards at ` 7 each.
Multiplicand X Multiplier
Raju calculated the total amount as shown below.
= Product
The cost of one invitation card = `7
Members to be invited = 1256

Total amount to be paid to the press owner = 1256 × 7
= ` 8792
Process of Multiplication: - 1256 × 7
Step1:
We start multiplication from ones place.
Multiply number 6 (which is in ones place of multiplicand) by 7 (multiplier) 6 × 7 = 42
Write 2 (the digit in ones place of this product), under 6 (ones place in 1256).
4
Write 4, the rest of the digit in 42, above 5 (tens place in 1256). 1256×7
Step 2: 2
Now multiply the digit 5 which is in tens place by 7. [7 × 5 = 35]
34
Add 4 which is above 5 to this result. 35 + 4 = 39. 1256×7
Now write 9 under 5 [tens place in 1256] and write 3 above 92
2 [hundreds place in 1256].
Step 3:
Multiply the digit 2 which is in hundreds place by 7. [7 × 2 = 14] 134
Add 3 which is above 2 to this result. 14 + 3 = 17. 1256×7
Now write 7 under 2 [hundreds place in 1256] and 1 above 792
1[thousands place in 1256].
Step 4:
Multiply 1which is in thousands place by 7. [7 × 1 = 7] 134
Add 1which is on 1 to the result. 7 + 1 = 8. 1256×7
Now write 8 under 1 [Thousands place in 1256]. 8792
Do these
1) Do the followings
a) 2835×3 b) 3746×5 c) 45392×6 d) 56042×8 e) 63672×9
f) 786435×6 g) 79480×7 h) 832407×6 i) 989235×4 k) 905068×8
2) A factory manufacturers 4950 cars in a month. How many cars will the factory
produce in a year?
3) If a train travels 143 kilometres in an hour, how far will it travel in one day ?
Raju's wife Devi wanted to buy gifts for 1256 guests. She went to market and bought steel
boxes each costs at 34. Devi calculated the total amount to pay the shop keeper like this.
1256×34
5024 ------ (1256 ×4 )
+ 3768 ------ (1256 ×3 )
42704
Note: When multiplying with the digit in 10s place of the multiplier, we begin
writing the product under the tens place of the previous product.
On the day of house warming, Raju planned to arrange meal to the guests. Raju met the
Caterer Mastan agreed for ` 125 per each plate.
1101 members attended on that day. How much amount Raju has to pay?
Sol: Number of guests attended = 1101
Cost of each plate of meal = `125
Total amount to be paid = ` 1101 × 125
= `1 3 7 6 2 5 1101×125
5 5 0 5 ------ (1101 ×5 )
2 2 0 2 ------ (1101 ×2 )
+ 1101 ------ (1101 ×1 )
137625
Example:
If 2364 members attended the function and the cost of one plate of meal was `132, how
much amount could Mastan get?
Total members attended to the function = 2364
Cost of one plate meal = ` 132 RIDDLE
Total amount Mastan got = ` 312048 I am a 3-digit number.
2364 ×132 My ones digit is 3 times to my
hundreds digit.
4 7 2 8 ------ (2364 × 2) Divide my ones digit by 2 to get
7 0 9 2 ------ (2364 × 3) my tens digit.
+ 2364 ------- (2364 × 1) My hundreds digit is the smallest
312048 prime number. Who am I?
Example:
Mr. Raju's monthly salary is `31,224. What is his annual income?
Sol: 31224×12
Mr. Raju's salary for one month = 3 1 2 2 4 62448
His salary for one year = 31224×12 +312240
= `374688 374688
Making of word problems:
Example:
Prepare a word problem by using 12 × 127
Problem: Balu wants to plant 12 tomato plants in a row. The total number of rows are
127. How many tomato plants can be planted in the field?
Try these
1. Do the following multiplications and prepare word problem.
a) 3628 × 9 b) 1507 × 69 c) 4256 × 76
d) 27041 × 8 e) 4230 × 121 f) 8271 × 93
2. The tea seller Amar sells a cup of tea for ` 6. If 1100 cup of teas was served on
a day, how much amount did he earn on that day?
3. Carpenter Johnson made 9 cots and sold each cot for ` 8,500. How much amount
did he earn?
4. Mr. Kiran works as a scavenger in Mydukuru municipality. His salary for one
month is `18,000. What is his annual salary? Which mathematical operation can
you use to solve this problem?
4.2:- Properties of multiplication:-

Property 1: Commutative property
Do the following.
1) 426 × 24 = ___________ 24 × 426 =_______________
2) 4258 × 23 =____________ 23 × 4258 = _______________
3) 9242 × 75 =____________ 75 × 9242 =_______________

What do you The product of two
observe? given numbers remains
the same even if their
order is changed. This is
known as commutative
property of
multiplication.
Property 2: Multiplicative Identity

Do the following.
1) 89×1=________ 2) 261×1=_________ 3) 4589×1=__________
The product of any

What do you
number and 1 is the
observe?
number itself. 1 is
multiplicative
identity.
Property 3: Zero property of multiplication

Do the following.
1) 56 × 0 = _________ 2) 258 × 0 = __________ 3) 0 × 953 = ________
What do you
The product of any
observe?
number and zero
is always zero. This is
known as zero property
of multiplication.
Do this
1. Find the products: 46 × 23 and 23 × 46.
2. Do the following:
a) 23 × 1 = ________ b) 342 × 1 = ________ c) 999 × 1 = ________
d) 53 × 0 = ________ e) 259 × 0 = ________ f) 5817 × 0 = ________
Let us Estimate:
There were 18 members in Ramu’s

family. His friend Shafi wanted to buy
coconuts for them on a festival day. The cost
of one coconut was ` 32. He asked his
grandson Rahim to estimate the amount of 18
coconuts.
18 x 32
Rahim estimated as follows. 20 X 30 = 600 The
Total amount = 32 x 18 multiplier and
multiplicand are rounded
= 30 x 20 .......... (32 30)
off to near tens.
= 600 .......... (18 20)
Did Rahim estimate correctly? Here multiplicand and

Observe the estimations: multiplier are rounded off to
nearest 10s, 100s and 1000s.
47 × 29 50 × 30 = 1500
72 × 98 70 × 100 = 7000
167 × 19 170 × 20 = 3400
396 × 78 400 × 80 = 32000
3241 × 212 3000 × 200 = 600000
Do this
Estimate the product of these multiplications.
1) 59 × 19 2) 99 × 56 3) 189 × 33 4) 4123 × 316
4.3:- Division:-
Mr. Raju donated 9984
books and 8 almirahs to Mandal
Parishad Primary school library.
Teacher asked the 5 t h class
students to arrange the books
equally in the 8 almirahs.
1. How many books were donated to the
library?
2. How many almirahs were given by Mr.
Raju?
3. What operation is required to arrange the We should
books equally in almirahs? do division
4. Let's see how to divide 9984 by 8.
Step 1:
We begin from the left, i.e., with the thousands.
Divide 9 (the digit in thousands place) by 8.
Estimate the highest multiple of 8, which can be subtracted from 9
completely.
Clearly, 8×1=8 and 8×2=16. 8) 9 9 8 4 (1
As, 8 < 9 while 16 > 9. -8
We take 8 × 1 = 8. 19
Write 1 in the quotient.
Subtract 8 from 9.
Bring down 9, the digit in the hundreds place.
Now, 1 thousand and 9 hundreds make 19 hundreds.
Step 2:
Divide 19 hundreds by 8.
Estimate the highest multiple of 8 which can be subtracted from 19 completely.
Clearly, 8 × 2 = 16 and 8 × 3 = 24. 8) 9 9 8 4 (1 2
As, 16 < 19 while 24 > 19. -8
We take 8 × 2 = 16. 19
Write 2 next to the previous quotient. -16
Subtract 16 from 19. We get 3.
38
Bring down 8, the digit in 10s place.
Now, 3 hundreds and 8 tens make 38 tens.
Step 3:
8) 9 9 8 4 (1 2 4
Divide 38 tens by 8.
-8
Estimate the highest multiple of 8 which can be subtracted from 38.
19
Clearly, 8 × 4 = 32 and 8 × 5 = 40.
-16
As, 32 < 38 while 40 > 38.
38
we take 8 × 4 = 32.
-32
Write 4 next to the previous quotient.
64
Subtract 32 from 38. We get 6.
Bring down 4 ones.
Now, 6 tens and 4 ones make 64 ones.
8) 9 9 8 4 (1 2 4 8 1248
Step 4:
-8 8 9984
Divide 64 ones by 8. 8
19
Clearly, 8 × 8 = 64. 19
-16
Write 8 next to the previous quotient. -16
38
Subtract 64 from 64. We get 0. 38
-32 -32
64
64
- 64 -64
0 0
Example - 1 Example - 2
Fourteen agricultural workers earned What is the remainder if you divide
` 5978 in a day as daily wage. How much 19895 with 21?
amount each one will get? Solution :
Solution: Dividend
Number of agricultural workers = 14 Divisor 2 1 ) 1 9 8 9 5 ( 9 4 7 Quotient
Amount earned = ` 5978 -1 8 9
Amount each one will get = ` 427 99
14) 5 9 7 8 (427 -84
-56 155
37 -1 4 7
-28 8 Remainder
98 Thus quotient = 947
-98 Remainder = 8
0
Thus, Quotient = 427
Remainder =0
We know that,
relation between divisor, dividend,
quotient and remainder is
Dividend = (Divisor ×Quotient)
+ Remainder
Let's verify the solution whether correct or not by using the division relation.
Dividend = (Divisor × Quotient) + Remainder
19895 = (947 × 21) + 8
19895 = 19895
Do these
1) Do the following and write dividend, divisor, quotient and remainder and verify
the answer with division relation.
a) 97869 ÷ 6 b) 56821 ÷ 9 c) 68072 ÷ 7 d) 10213 ÷ 17
2) Raja bought 120 blankets with ` 6000 to distribute to orphans. What is the cost of
each blanket?
3) Vemaiah bought 100 bread packets to distribute to patients with ` 2300. What was
the cost of each bread packet?
Try this
Do the following and write your observation.
53427÷10, 53427÷100, 53427÷1000, 53427÷10000
4.4:- Unitary – Method:-

The unitary method is a process in which you find the value of one unit and then the
value of a required number of units.
Example: Murali sells 10 guavas for ` 50. What would be the price of 7 guavas?
Sol: Cost of 10 guavas = `50
Cost of 1 guava = `50 ÷ 10
= `5
Cost of 7 guavas = `5x7
= ` 35.
Do these
1. If 8 pots cost is ` 800, what is the cost of 5 pots?
2. If 5 kilos tomatoes cost is `125, what would be the cost of 2 kilos tomatoes?
3. A publisher makes 3,875 books in the month of July. If they make the same number of
books every day, then how many books can they make in a leap year?
Activity
Solve the given problems and colour the answers in the following grid of numbers.
21 x 16 15 x 7 181×5 576 ÷ 12 288 ÷ 4 78 ÷ 3
717 1001 105 3128 123

919 81 165 100 336
709 48 85 72 71
905 676 500 121 26
Let's Estimate:
4 Labourers agreed to work for ` 4250 to mow landlord’s field. Each of them estimated
the amount they going to receive individually. Observe their estimations.
` 1500 ` 1000 ` 700 ` 800
Bhimu Ahmed David Krishna

Whose estimation is correct ?
If we round off ` 4250 to the nearest thousands, we get ` 4000. If 4000 divided by 4,
each one gets `1000.
Ex: The Mandal Educational Officer of Mopidevi Mandal wanted to take 1895 children to a
science fair. If each bus can carries 48 students, estimate the number of buses required.
To estimate the quotient in the division of two numbers, we have to round off the
divisor or dividend or both to nearest multiples of 10s, 100s and 1000s etc.
whichever makes the division easier.
Number of Buses required = 1895 ÷ 48
= 2000 ÷ 50
= 40
Do this
1. Estimate the result.
a) 309 ÷ 11 b) 497 ÷ 23 c) 891 ÷ 32
d) 2940 ÷ 32 e) 6121 ÷ 52 f) 2928 ÷ 92
2. Jonny bought 5 packets of buns each containing 20 buns to distribute on his
birthday. He went to a hospital to distribute the buns. There were 48 patients.
Estimate how many buns each patient will get?
4.5:- Relation between multiplication and division:-
Kavya! Do you know? I can write two divisions

corresponding to every multiplication.
Write division for this multiplication.

15 x 3=45
Corresponding divisions
45 ÷ 3 = 15, 45 ÷ 15 = 3
Multiplier × Multiplicand = Product

Multiplier = Product ÷ Multiplicand
Multiplicand = Product ÷ Multiplier
Look at the table and fill in the blanks:
Multiplication Corresponding Division form 1 Corresponding Division form 2

10 x 2 = 20 20 ÷ 2 = 10 20 ÷ 10 = 2
23 x 4 = 92 92 ÷ 23 = 4
52 x 12 = 624 624 ÷ 12 = 52
500 x 40 = 2000 2000 ÷ 500 = 40
36 x 18 = 648
5027 x 15 = 7605
Ramya! Now tell me one division, I will tell the

corresponding multiplication form.
18 ÷ 2 = 9
The corresponding multiplication

form is 9 x 2 = 18.
Look at the following table and write multiplication – forms for the following divisions.
Division form Multiplication form

54 ÷ 6 = 9 9 x 6 = 54
168 ÷ 12 = 14 14 x 12 = 168
792 ÷ 22 = 36
200 ÷ 5 = 40
1265 ÷ 23 = 55
2262 ÷ 39 = 58
Exercise
1. Ahmmad earns ` 9500 per month. How much amount he earns in a year?
2. 2488 families are living in a major panchayath. If each family pays ` 30 per year
towards library cess, how much amount will be collected? Write the process to find the
collected amount.
3. The cost of a bicycle is ` 3950. The cost of a motor cycle is 13 times to bicycle's cost.
What is the cost of the motor cycle?
4. A carton can hold 36 mangoes. How many such cartons are required if there are 30,744
mangoes in all?
5. Mr. Mani wants to distribute ` 64,000 equally among 8 of his workers towards their
wages. How much will each worker get?
6. The owner of a cell phone shop bought 8 cell phones of same cost and he gave ` 90,000
to wholesaler. The wholesaler returned him ` 400. What is the cost of each cell phone?
7. 28 laddus weigh 1kg. How many laddus weigh 12 kgs. If 16 laddus can be packed in
one box, how many boxes are needed to pack all these laddus ?
8. A fisher man wants to sell 8kg of fish for `1600. But Ramu wants to buy 5kg only.
Find the cost for 5 kg.
9. 50kgs of jaggery costs `2500. What is the cost of 15 kg jaggery?
10. If a family requires ` 3200 for 8 days, how much money does the family require for
4 days?
11. Harsha painted pictures and sold them in an art show. He charged ` 2567 for big
painting and `465 for small painting. He sold 6 large paintings and 3 small paintings.
How much amount did he earn in the art show?
12. The cost of 63 erasers is `315. What will be the cost of 45 erasers?
13. 12 meters of shirt cloth costs ` 1440. What will be the cost of 7 meters of such cloth?
Fun with maths
Observe and continue it...
1×1 =1 1× 9 =9
121 ×1 = 11 × 11 12 × 9 = 108
12321 × 1 = 111 × 111 123 × 9 = 1107
1234321 ×1 = 1234 × 9 =
………………………… ………………
………………………… ………………
Chapter Multiples and
5 Factors
5.1:- Divisibility rules:-
Bindu and Ramu are playing Mathematics games. When Ramu tells any number, Bindu
replies whether the number is divisible by any of the numbers 2, 5 or 10 without making
division.
Ramu : 2438
When
Bindu : It is divisible by 2. But not divisible by 5 and 10. a number is
divided by another
Ramu : 2535 number leaving
Bindu : It is divisible by 5, but not divisible by 2 and 10. remainder zero, then we
say that the first number
Ramu : 3460 is divisible by
the second
Bindu : It is divisible by 2, 5, and 10.
number.
Ramu : 3607
Bindu : It is not divisible by 2, 5 and 10.
How could Bindu tell without doing actual division?
Divide the numbers with 2 to find out which of the following numbers are exactly
divisible by 2. Observe which numbers are not divisible?
2410 1282 3784 6728
5633 1789 5466 1787
Which of the above numbers are exactly divisible by 2?
_________, __________, ________, _________, __________
Observe the units place of the numbers,which are divisible by 2.
_________, __________, ________, _________, __________
Are all these numbers even numbers? yes / no
So a number is divisible by 2, if the digit at its ones place is either 0/2/4/6/8.
All even numbers are exactly divisible by 2.
Do these
1) Circle the following numbers which are divisible by 2.
2469 7435 8496 7630 4301 8023
4678 2030 2224 7972 6120 1524
2) Write any 5, four-digit numbers which are divisible by 2.
Divisibility rule of 5:-
Do you know?
Ramu : What is the divisibility rule of 5?
All the multiples of a
Bindhu : Say some multiples of 5
given number are divisible
Ramu : 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35
by that number.
Bindhu : Observe and write the digits at the
ones place of the multiples of 5.
____________, ____________
A number is divisible by 5, if the digit at its ones place is either 0 or 5.
Which number is not divisible by 5 in 235, 228? Why?
228 is not divisible by 5. 235 is divisible by 5
Its unit's place is not 0 or 5. Since its unit's place has 5.
Divisibility rule of 10:
Ramu says10 divisibility rule like this.
Multiples of 10 are 10, 20, 30, ….. and so on.
In the above all multiples of 10, the digit in unit's place is 0.
All multiples of 10 are divisible by 10.
Observe below table….
Number Units place Divisible by 10 Not divisible by 10 Reason
Units place
274 4 3
don't have zero
Units place has
3740 0 3 zero
Units place has
404050 0 3 zero
Units place has
50250 0 3
zero
The numbers which have zero at their ones place are exactly divisible by 10.
Exercise - 1
1) Find the numbers which are divisible by 2. Write the reason for the numbers
which are not divisible.
a) 3458 b) 56745 c) 3850 d) 6736 e) 6733 f) 3394
2) Find the numbers which are divisible by 5 and 10. Write the reason for the
numbers which are not divisible.
a) 3568 b) 3540 c) 6585 d) 7550 e) 4235 f) 7200
g) 7865 h) 5880 i) 7885 j) 4440 k) 8198 I) 8645
3) The numbers below are divisible by 5. Fill in the blanks with suitable digit.
a) 786_ b) 560_ c) 785_ d) 555_ e) 586_ f) 786_ g) 584_ h) 100_
4) Write any 5 numbers which are exactly divisible by 2 and 5.
5) Write any 5 numbers which are exactly divisible by 2, 5 and 10.
Divisibility rules for 3, 4, 6, 8 and 9
Digital root:
Multiple of 3 Sum of the digits of the multiple Digital root
The digital root
3 3 3
of the number is
6 6 6
the single digit
12 1+2=3 3
that results from
15 1+5=6 6
the continuous
39 3+9=12 1+2=3 summation of
147 1+4+7=12 1+2=3 the digits of the
342 3+4+2=9 9 number.
Observe the digital root in the above table. What did you observe?
The digital roots of any multiple of 3 are _______,______,_______
If the digital root of the numbers is 3 or 6 or 9,
then the numbers are divisible by 3.
Ex-1: Does 345 is divisible by 3 or not? 3) 345 (115

-3
Digital root of 345 is 3+ 4+ 5=12=1+ 2=3 04
Hence it is multiple of 3 -3
15
So 345 is divisible by 3 - 15
0
Ex-2: Does 349 is divisible by 3 or not? 3) 349 (116
Digital root of 349 is 3+4+9=16=1+6=7 -3
04
Hence 349 is not multiple of 3 - 3
19
So 349 is not divisible by 3. - 18
1
You are You are not

divisible by 3 divisible by 3
184 180
Bindu and Ramu filled the following table. You have to observe it.
Multiples of 9 Sum of the digits of the multiples Digital root
9 9 9
18 1+8=9 9
27 2+7=9 9
99 9+9=18 1+8=9
135 1+3+5=9 9
162 1+6+2=9 9
What do you observe from the above table?
If the digital root of the number is 9, then the number is exactly divisible by 9.
Ex1: Take a number 531. 9) 531 (59
Digital root of 531 is 5 + 3 + 1 = 9 - 45
81
What do you say about the number? - 81
531 is divisible by 9 because the digital root of 531 is 9. 0
Ex2: Take a number 362. 9) 362 (40

Digital root of 362 is 3 + 6 + 2 = 11 = 1 + 1 = 2 - 36
2
What do you say about the number 362? - 0
362 is not divisible by 9. Because the digital root of 362 is not 9. 2
Do these
1) Circle the number which is exactly divisible by 3 and 9 and write correct reason.
a) 108 b) 116 c) 117 d) 127 e) 132 f) 822
g) 435 h) 783 i) 1107 j) 5535 k) 2343 l) 4563
2) Write any 5 numbers which are exactly divisible by 3 and 9.

Observe the last two digits [ones, tens] of the given number.
1) 624 2) 3232 3) 5840 4) 4556
There are 24, 32, 40 and 56 at the end of the numbers.
4) 3232 (808
Hence all these numbers are multiples of 4. - 32
03
24, 32, 40 and 56 are divisible by 4. - 0
32
Divide 3232, 5840, 4,557 by 4. - 32
0
What is the remainder? What do you observe?
3232 and 5840 are exactly divisible by 4.
4557 is not exactly divisible by 4.
If the last two digits [ones, tens] of a given number is exactly
divisible by 4, the given number is also divisible by 4.
Do these
1) Circle the numbers which are divisible by 4.
Give the reason, if is not divisible by 4.
a) 2436 b) 3840 c)1235 d)3636
e) 6850 f) 5644 g) 8888 h) 6430
2) Write the missing number in the blank to make the number exactly divisible
by 4.
a) 323_ b) 304_ c) 58_6 d) 53_ _ e) 65_ _
Bindu explained the divisibility rule for 6 to Baba, like this.

Write the multiples of 2: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24………….
Write the multiples of 3: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27………………………..
Write the multiples of 6: 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36……………………………
What did you observe?
All the multiples of 6 are the multiples of 2 and 3.
Example: Is 24 divisible by 6?
Ones place is 4 that is even.
24 is divisible by 2.
Digital root of 24 is 2 + 4 = 6.
24 is divisible by 3.
So 24 is divisible by 6.
If a number which has 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 in its units place and the digital sum is 3,
6 and 9, then the number is also divisible by 6.
The numbers which are divisible by 2 and 3, are also divisible by 6.
Do these
1. Check whether the following numbers are divisible by 6 or not.
1) 210 2) 162 3) 625 4) 120 5) 156
2. Change the digits of the following numbers to make them divisible by 6.
1) 543 2) 231 3) 5463 4) 1002 5)4815
Divisibility rule of 8 :-
Bindu : As 8 is the multiple of 4, is the divisibility rule for4 also applicable for 8?
Either right or wrong?
I will check whether the divisibility rule of 4 is applicable for 8 or not?
Observe the multiples of 4 and 8.

Multiples of 4: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 ……………………….
Multiples of 8: 8, 16, 24, 32, 40 ………………………………… 8) 29816 (3727
- 24
So, all the multiples of 4 are not the multiples of 8. 8) 816 (102 58
-8 - 56
the divisibility rule for 4 is not applicable for 8. 01 21
- 0 - 16
Divide the last three digits of 29816 by 8
16 56
Divide 29816 by 8 .What did you observe? - 16 - 56
0 0
In the above two conditions, the remainder is 0.
Example: Divide the last three digits of 39328 by 8.
Divide 328 by 8.
(Observe the remainder of these two conditions. Thus, the remainders we gets are
zero.)
What did you say?
From the above two examples can you tell the divisibility rule for 8?
If the last three digits of a numbers are divisible by 8, then

the entire number is divisible by 8
Do this
Find the following numbers which are divisible by 8.
a) 2456 b) 3971 c) 824 d) 923 e) 2780 f) 93624 g) 76104
Exercise - 2
1) Circle the following numbers which are divisible by 2 (by sing divisibility rule)
3624 3549 7864 8420 8500 8646 5007 7788
2) Find out which of the following numbers are divisible by 6.
1276 43218 71218 71826 4734 3743
3) The number 50 19 is exactly divisible by 9. Fill the with the correct number.
4) The number 4 46 8 is exactly divisible by 6. Fill the with the correct number.
5) Fill the blanks with suitable digits. So that it can be divisible by 2 and 10.
678_ 588_ 388_ 222_ 364_ 786_ 666_ 788_
6) Find the numbers which are divisible by 4 and 8.
2104 726352 1800 32256 52248 25608
7) Try whether the numbers are divisible by 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 10
a) 333 b) 128 c) 225 d) 7535 e) 8289
f) 99483 g) 67704 h) 67713 i) 9410 j) 67722
k) 20704 l) 35932 m) 85446 n) 90990 o) 18540
8) Find the missing digit that would make each number divisible by the given
number.
a) 395__ by 10 b) 24305__ by 9 c) 69839__ by 3 and 9
d) 271__ 8 by 6 e) 20710___ f) 5027__5 by 3 and 5
g) 145___2 by 8 h) 92048__ by 2 i) 23405___ by 5
9. Find the smallest number that is to be added to 289279, so that it can be divisible
by 8.
5.2:- Multiples:-
Activity
Take the cards having digits from 0 to 9, and

flip and place on floor randomly. Now draw 1 2 3
four big circles on board and name them as
4 5 6
multiples of 4, multiples of 5, multiples of 6
and multiples of 7. A student has to take two 7 8 9
cards at a time and form a 2-digit number,
and check whether the number is multiple of
0
4 or 5 or 6 or 7 and then writes it in suitable
circle.
For example, if a student takes 3 and 2 cards, he may form 23 which is not multiple
of any of the above, hence ask him to form 32 which is multiple of 2 and 4 then
write in suitable circle. This can be executed as game, individual or group activity.
Multiples of 4 Multiples of 5 Multiples of 6 Multiples of 7
Do these
1) Write first ten multiples of the following.
a) 3 b) 5 c) 8 d) 9 e) 10
2) Find out the multiples of 2, 3, 5 from 1 to 20. Write separately.
3) Write down the first 10 multiples of 7.
4) Find out the multiples of 7,8,10 from the following numbers and write
separately.
20, 14, 45, 24, 32, 35, 90, 8, 7, 10, 441, 385
5) Find out the numbers which are not the multiples of 3.
8 26 27 32 18 45
12 28 30 66 88 48
6) Write the odd multiples of 9 less than hundred.
5.3:- Common Multiples:-

Write the multiples of 3 and 5 in the relevant circles .There may be a possibility of
having some common multiples for 3 and 5. Write them in the common part.
Multiples of 3: …………………………………………………………
Multiples of 5:…………………………………………………………
Multiples of 3 Multiples of 5
Common multiples of 3 and 5 are ……………………………………..

Repeat the process using the numbers 2 and 7
Multiples of 2:…………………………………………
Multiples of 7:…………………………………………….
Common multiples of 2 and 7:……………………………………………….

Repeat the process by putting the multiples of 4, 6 and 5 in the given circles.
Multiples of 4:……………………………………………………..
Multiples of 6:………………………………………………………
Multiples of 5:………………………………………………………
Multiples of 5
What are the common multiples of 5 and 6? ……………………...…...……….

You have write in ____________ colour part.
What are the common multiples of 4 and 6? ………………………...………….
You have written in ___________ colour part.
What are the common multiples of 4, 5 and 6? ………………………………….
You have written in ___________ colour part.
Example:
Write common multiples of 2 and 10.
Solution : Multiples of 2 : 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26 ,28, 30…
Multiples of 10: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60,…………………………….
Common multiples of 2 and 10: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50,………………………
Do these
Write the first 10 multiples of the following numbers and list the common multiples.
a) 2 and 4 b) 4 and 12 c) 6 and 8 d) 5 and 10
5.4:- Least common multiple (LCM):-
The smallest number of the common multiples of two or more numbers is called
Least Common Multiple (LCM) of those numbers.
Example-1:The least common multiple (LCM) of 9 and 12 is ….
Multiples of 9 = 9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 72, 81, 90, 99, 108, …
Multiples of 12 = 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, …
Common multiples of 9 and 12 = 36, 72, 108, …
Least common multiple (LCM) of 9 and 12 = 36
Example-2: Find the least common multiple (LCM) of 2, 4 and 6?

Solution: Multiples of 2 = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24,...
Multiples of 4 = 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32,…
Multiples of 6 = 6, 12, 18, 24, 30,...
Common multiples of 2, 4 and 6 = 12, 24,…
Least common multiple of (LCM) of 2, 4 and 6 = 12
Do this
Find the LCM for the following sets of numbers.

1) 12, 15 2) 16, 20 3) 8, 12, 20 4) 15, 20 5) 6, 9, 12
Try this
Find the LCM for the following pairs of numbers. What do you observe.
1) 15, 30 2) 4, 16 3) 5, 15 4) 6, 18
In a given pair of numbers, if one of them is multiple of other number

then the biggest number is LCM of the numbers.
5.5:- Factors:-
Activity - 1
Fill the multiplication table.
X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
1 12
2 12
3 12
4 12
5
6 12
7
8
9
10
11
12 12
13
14
Observe the boxes in the above multiplication table.

1. Which numbers do we multiply to get 12?
1 × 12 = 12
But we know that
2 × 6 = 12
1 × 12 = 12 × 1
3 × 4 = 12
2×6 = 6×2
4 × 3 = 12
3×4 = 4×3
6 × 2 = 12
12 × 1 = 12
Therefore, we get 1×12=12
2×6=12
3×4=12
1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12 exactly divides 12.
2) Which numbers do we multiply to get 10? 3) Which numbers do we multiply to get 14?
________ ×__________ =10 ________ × __________ = 14
________ × __________= 10 ________ × __________ = 14
________ × __________ =10 ________ × __________ = 14
________ × __________ =10 ________ × __________ = 14
Finally we get Finally we get
________ × __________ =10 ________ × __________ = 14
________ × __________ =10 ________ × __________ = 14
____,_____,_____,______ ____,_____,____,_____
are exactly divide 10. are exactly divide 14.
When two or more numbers multiplied together, the number which we get as a
result is called product.
The numbers which are multiplied together are called the factors of the product or
the numbers which divide a given number exactly are called factors of the number.
From the above observations, we get
1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and12 are factors of 12.
1, 2, 5, and 10 are factors of 10.
1, 2, 7and 14 are factors of 14.
In the previous multiplication table, some numbers are shown in two boxes only. Identify
the numbers and colour it.
1 × 2 = 2 x 1, 1 × 3 = 3 x 1, 1 × 5 = 5 x 1 ...
Which numbers are shown twice? ……………………………………………………….
What are the factors of those numbers?
Are they 1 and the number itself?
Those numbers are called prime numbers.
A number which has one and itself as its factors is called a Prime number.
What are the numbers which have more than 2 factors?
Those are called composite numbers.
Example:- 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12………………………………
A number which has more than two factors is called a composite number.
Example-1:- Find all the factors of 24 using all possible products.

Solution: 1 × 24 = 24
2 ×12 = 24
3 × 8 = 24 8) 2 5 6 8 (3 2 1
4 × 6 = 24 -24
Thus, all the factors of 24 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24. 16
24 is a composite number. - 16
08
Example-2:- Is 8 a factor of 2568?
- 8
We know that every number is divisible by its factors.
0
The remainder is zero, so 8 is a factor of 2568.
Do these
1) Find all the factors of the following numbers.
a) 21 b) 38 c) 72 d) 96
2) Find out whether the first number is a factor of the second number.
a) 14; 322 b) 26; 832 c) 35; 425 d) 56; 3500
e) 8; 48 f) 14; 37 g) 15; 75 h) 12; 72
3) What are the factors of 66?
4) Write all the even factors of 64.
5) List out the numbers, which are prime/composite below 20.
Prime Number Composite Number
Fun activity:-
The number 1
Sieve of Eratosthenes:- has just one
factor. It is
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 neither prime
nor composite.
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
Step-1:- Cross out 1 as it is a neither prime nor composite.

Step-2:- Circle 2, and cross out all the remaining multiples of 2.
Step-3:- Circle 3, and cross out all the remaining multiples of 3.
Step-4:- Circle 5 and cross out all the remaining multiples of 5.
Step-5:- Circle 7 and cross out all the remaining multiples of 7.
Step-6:- Circle all the numbers which are not crossed.
Now, all the circled numbers are Prime-numbers.
And all the crossed numbers are Composite numbers.
Answer the following questions.
1) What are the prime numbers between 1 to 10?
___________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
'2' is the only
____________________________________________ even prime
number.
4) How many prime numbers are there between 1 to 50?
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
6) How many prime numbers are there between 50 to 100?
_____________________________________________
7) Do you observe any specialty in these prime numbers?
What is it?
____________________________________________
8) Are the all prime numbers even or odd?
______________________________________________
5.6:- Prime factorisation:-

Any composite number can be expressed as a product of some prime-numbers.
Let's see, 36 = 2 × 18
=2×2×9
=2×2×3×3
These are all prime numbers in above factorisation. Hence this factorisation is
known as prime-factorisation.
Example:- 40 = 2 × 20
= 2 × 2 × 10
= 2×2×2×5
Prime-factorisation by division method:-
Prime-factorisation for a given number can also be obtained by short-division method
as shown below.
2 24 2 40 2 36
2 12 2 20 2 18
2 6 2 10 3 9
3 3 5 5 3 3
1 1 1
24 = 2×2×2×3 40 = 2×2×2×5 36 = 2×2×3×3
The steps to be followed in this method can be summarized as below:
Step-1:- Divide the given number by the smallest prime number that exactly divides it.
Step-2:- Divide the quotient further by a prime number that exactly divides it.
Step-3:- Continue the division till the remainder is not further divisible by any
number.
Do these
1) Write the prime-factorisation for the following numbers.
a) 52 b) 100 c) 88 d) 96 e) 90
2) The prime factorisation of 12 × 15 is _____________
3) Match the following
a) 2× 2× 2×3× 3× 5 1) 180
b) 2 ×2×2×3×5×5 2) 360
c) 2×2×3×3×5 3) 900
d) 2×3×3×5×5 4) 600
e) 2×2×3×3×5×5 5) 450
4) 5×2×3×3 is the prime factorisation of _______________
5.7:- Common factors:-
Ex-1: Find common factors for 8 and 12? Factors of 8 Factors of 12
1 3
Factors of 8 = 1, 2, 4 and 8 8 2 6
Factors of 12 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12 4 12
Common factors of 8 and 12 = 1, 2 and 4
Ex-2: Write common factors of 6 and 14.
Factors of 6 Factors of 14
Factors common to two or more numbers are known as the common factors of those
numbers.
Do this
Find the common factors of the following numbers and represent in the diagram.
a) 6 and 12 b) 12 and 20 c) 9 and 18 d) 11 and 22
5.8:- Highest common factor (HCF) or Greatest common divisor (GCD) :-

The highest common factor among the common factors of two or more numbers is
called Highest common factor (HCF or GCD).
Example: Find the Highest Common Factor (HCF) for 24 and 36.
Factors of 24 1 2 3 4 6 8 12 24
Factors of 36 1 2 3 4 6 9 12 18 36
Common factors of 24 and 36 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12

Highest common factor (HCF) of 24 and 36 = 12
Do this
Find the HCF of the following pairs of numbers by writing common factors:-
1) 21 and 28 2) 34 and 20 3) 33 and 39
4) 16 and 36 5) 12 and 18 6) 80 and 100
Try this
Find the HCF for the following pair of numbers. What do you observe?
1) 4, 16 2) 4, 12 3) 5, 15 4) 14, 42
In any pair of numbers, if one of them is multiple of the other, the smallest
number is the HCF of the pair of numbers.
There are other easy methods to find LCM and HCF even if we are given big numbers.
Prime-factorisation method to find LCM and HCF:-
Ex: Find LCM and HCF for 16 and 36 by prime-factorisation method.
2 16 2 36
2 8 2 18
2 4 3 9
2 3
Step-1: Write the prime-factorisation for the given numbers.

Prime-factorisation of 16 = 2×2×2×2
Prime-factorisation of 36 = 2×2×3×3
Step-2: Take common factors and multiply with the other factors then the product
obtained is LCM of given numbers.
Common factors = 2 x 2
other factors =2x2 x 3x3
LCM = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 =144
Step-3: Take common factors and find product of them, which gives HCF of the
given numbers. Common factors = 2 x 2
Therefore HCF = 4
Division method to find LCM:

Step-1: Divide the numbers by a common prime factor common to atleast two of the
given numbers. Bring down the number such as it is not completely divisible by
the prime-factor.
Step-2: Stop dividing when there is no further common factor except 1.
Step-3: Find the product of the numbers in the left column and the last remainders.
Example-1:- Find LCM for 16 and 36
2 1 6, 3 6
2 8, 18
4, 9
LCM of 16 and 36 =2×2×4×9 = 144
Example-2:- Find LCM for 32, 24 and 48
2 32, 24, 48
2 16, 12, 24
2 8, 6, 12
2 4, 3, 6
3 2, 3, 3
2 2, 1, 1
1, 1, 1
LCM of 32, 24 and 48 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 2 = 96.
Find HCF by common division method:-
Step1: Divide the numbers by common factors of all the given numbers.
Step2: Stop dividing when there are no more common factors except 1.
Step3: Find the product of common factors.
Example: Find HCF of 16,36
Common factors
{ 2 16, 36
2 8, 18
4, 9……. Do not have common factors.
2×2 are common factors.
H.C.F = 2 × 2 = 4
Do these
1) Find LCM and HCF by prime factorisation method for the following.
a)15, 48 b) 18, 42, 48 c) 15, 25, 30 d) 10, 15, 25 e)15, 18, 36, 20
2) Find LCM and HCF by division method.
a)16,28,36 b)12,18,42 c)30,75,90 d)24,32,48 e)12,15,18
Activity
Fill the table and observe it.
First Second Product of

S.No HCF LCM HCF X LCM
number number two numbers
1 9 12 108 3 36
2 20 300 5 60
3 18 15 270
4 8 12
Do you have any observation?
Let us learn more properties in the next class.
5.9:- Real-life problems on LCM and HCF:-
Notes:-
1) LCM of given numbers is the smallest number which is exactly divisible
by the numbers.
2) HCF of given numbers is the greatest number which divides exactly the
given numbers.
Example-1: What is the least number of students required to stand in rows equally if
number of the rows are either 2, 3, 4, 6, or 8?
Solution:- To find the required least number of students, we need to find the LCM for 2, 3,
4, 6 and 8.
2 2,3,4,6,8 Do you know?
2 1 , 3, 2 , 3 , 4 t 1 is factor for every number.
3 1 , 3, 1 , 3 , 2 t Every number is factor to itself.

1 , 1, 1, 1, 2
LCM of 2,3,4,6 and 8 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 2 = 24
The least number of students who can be stood in 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 rows equally = 24
Example-2:- To what least number of students, 5 students to be added to make three teams
containing 12, 15 or 18 each?
Solution: We need to find the least number which is divisible by 12, 15 and 18.
3 12, 15, 18
2 4 , 5, 6
2, 5, 3
LCM of 12, 15, 18 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 180
The required number of students to make 3 teams = 180
Hence the required number is formed by adding 5,
The least number = 180 – 5 = 175
Example-3:- What is the capacity of the largest vessel which can measure the oil from
three vessels of 32 litres, 24 litres and 48 litres completely?
Solution: To find out the largest vessel, we find HCF of 32, 24 and 48.
2 32, 24, 48
2 16, 12, 24
2 8, 6, 12
4, 3, 6
HCF = 2×2×2 = 8
The capacity of the required largest vessel = 8 litres
Exercise - 3
Solve the following word-problems:-
1) There are some fruits in a basket. If we arrange 4
or 6 or 8 or10 fruits in a pile, no fruits are left in
the basket. What is the minimum number of fruits
in the basket?
2) Ramu has 16 blue marbles and 12 white ones. If
he wants to arrange them in identical groups
without leaving any marbles, what is the
maximum number in each group Ramu can
make?
3) Two Neon lights are turned on at the same time.
One blinks for every 4 seconds and other blinks
for every 6 seconds. In 60 seconds how many
times will they blink at a time?
4) There are 40 girls and 32 boys, who
want to participate in state-level
games competition. If each team
must have the same number of girls
and the same number of boys.
i) What is the maximum number in
each team that can participate in
state-level games?
ii) How many boys and girls will be
on each team?
5) Find the least number of sheets of

paper required to make notebooks
containing 32 sheets or 40 sheets or
48 sheets without a single sheet
leaving behind.
6) What is the least number of chairs

needed for an auditorium so that
they can be arranged either 27 in a
row or 33 in a row?
Chapter
Geometry
6
6.1:- Point:-
(1) Observe the following pictures:
A distant star Tip of a pencil Dots in a Rangoli Vertex of a cone

(2) Take a pencil and mark some dots in your notebook.
(3) Take a paper and mark three dots on it with a marker pen,
a sketch pen and a pencil. Observe that the dot will become
smaller and almost invisible tiny dot.
What do you observe

All these
from all the above
examples give the
examples?
idea of a point.
A point is an exact location in space. It has no length or width and thickness.

We represent a point by ' . ' ( as small as possible dot )
How do we A point is denoted by

denote these capital letters of
points? English alphabet like
A, B, C,..
. A
. In the adjacent figure A, B and C are three points.
. C
B They are read as point A, point B and point C.
Do these
(1) Read the following points.
●M ●S ● U ●G
● P ● R ● D
●Z
(2) Write any 5 distinct points from the above.

(3) Note down any 3 points in your note book and name them.
6.2:- Line segment:-
Activity - 1
A F D
Take a paper and fold it as shown in the figure.
Look at the folded edge of this paper. It gives us an idea of
what a line segment is. The crease left on the sheet represents a
line segment. It has two end points. From the adjacent figure, B E C
the two end points are E and F.
Take your notebook and draw a line along its edge

with a pencil on a sheet of paper and observe it. It is a
representation of a line segment. It has two end points,
fixed length but no thickness.
Activity - 2
Observe the figure given below which is the shortest path that can be followed by the
rabbit to eat the carrot.
Path 3
Path 2
A B
Path 1
As you can see path 2 represents a line segment with rabbit at one end point and carrot at
the other end.
In every case, the shortest

What do you path between two points
observe from all represents a line segment.
the above? It has definite length but
no breadth or thickness.
Then how can a We denote the line

line segment be segment with its
denoted? two end points.
From the adjacent figure the line
A B segment is denoted as AB or BA and

read as line segment AB or BA.
Do this
(1) Read the following line segments
S
C Q
A B
D P
T
(2) Draw some line segments by joining following points and name them.
●A ●B ●D
●C
●P ●M ●K
(3) Find the line segments in the figures given below
D C H G
D C
F
A B E
A B
6.3:- Ray:-
Activity - 3
Observe the picture given below.
Pratibha : What do you observe from the above picture ?

Pragna : Sun, Rays and Mountains.
Pratibha : Where do the rays are coming from ?
Pragna : The rays are coming from the Sun.
Pratibha : Where do the Sun rays travel up to ?
Pragna : The Sun rays has no end.
Pratibha : What is a ray?
Pragna : We can define a ray like this.
A ray is a straight path that has one end point and goes on and on in a
specified direction. As there is no second end point for a ray, we cannot
measure the length of a ray.
Some more examples:
Rays from a torch Rays from a bulb
We denote a ray by the starting point and another point

in the line. From the adjacent figure a ray is denoted as (AB) A B
and we read as AB ray.
Do this
Observe the following rays and name them.
P
O A C D
B E Q
6.4:- Line:-
Activity - 4
Ø Mark any two distinct points on a paper in your note book.
Ø Name them as P and Q. P Q
Ø Now join them. P Q
Ø The line segment can be extended endlessly in the direction from P to Q.
P Q
Ø The line segment can be extended infinitely in the direction from Q to P too.
Now the line segment PQ is extended endlessly in both directions of its end
points.
P Q
Ø The formed figure gives an idea of straight line and it is denoted as PQ.
A line has no end points and no width. We can’t measure it’s
length. It is denoted by any two points on it. If P, Q are two
points on the line, it is denoted as PQ or QP.
Do this
(1) Read the following lines.
X
P N
A B Q M Y
(2) Take any two points and draw a line.
Exercise - 1
1) Take any six points on a paper and name them.

2) Join the points given below. Name the line segments so formed in the figures.
●B ●C ●P ●Q ●E
●F ●G
●A ●R ●S
●H ●I
3) Classify the following as ray, line and line segment. Also name them.
(a) (b) (c)

O
X Y
A B
A
4) Check whether the statements are True (T) or False ( F). If it is false, give the
reason.
a) A ray has a definite length. ( )
b) A ray has one end point. ( )
c) A Line segment has a fixed length. ( )
d) A Line segment has no end points. ( )
e) A Line has no end points. ( )
5) Represent the rays from the figure given below. A
B
O
6) Find rays, lines and line segments from the figure given below.
A E
B
C
D F
7) How many straight lines can be drawn through?
a) One point b) Two distinct points
8) Observe the following figure and answer the questions given below.
K P A T Y
a) Write any three points.

b) Write any Two rays.
c) Write any five line segments.
6.5:- Types of Angles:-
Angle
Observe the pictures given below.
Open door Hanger Clock Partially Opened book

Observe the regions marked in the above figures. The region between two rays (clock
hands ) line segments (edges of hanger, door and papers of the book) have a common end.
Activity - 1
Take two ice-cream sticks and a drawing pin. Use the pin to bind the sticks at one end.
Care should be taken that the binding is loose enough to allow movement of sticks. Keep
the position of one stick constant and move the other stick. The formed region between the
sticks represents an angle. Q
rm
A
O Arm P
Vertex
Ø Draw OP and OQ rays. With a common end point at ' O '.

∟ ∟ ∟
Ø There formed an angle. It is denoted as QOP or POQ or O .
An angle is formed when two rays meet at a common end point. The rays are the
arms of an angle. The point at which the two rays meet is called vertex. The
symbol of angle is ' ∟’.
Example: Observe the adjacent figure.

X
a) Vertex is 'O’
b) Arms are OX and OY
c) Angle is ∟
XOY or∟
O or∟
YOX
O
Y
Note:
To show the formation of an angle in a concrete way the above activity is taken up.
Do these
1) Observe the adjacent figure and fill in the blanks. A
a) Vertex is ………….......
b) Arms are……………....
B
c) Angle is ………………. O
2) Observe the various items in your classroom and write the things where angles
occur.
Right Angle
Activity - 1
Take a square sheet of paper. Fold it vertically and

horizontally as shown in the figure. Unfold it and look 1 2
at it. Observe the point where the two creases meet.
4 3
Mark the angles.
If we draw the angles, they look like as shown beside.
Are all these 1 2

angles equal ? 4 3
All these angles are equal. And these angles

are called right angles. It is denote with ‘ ’.
Do this
(1) Mark the right angles in the given pictures.
Acute and obtuse angles
Activity - 1
Observe the adjacent figure.

The angle formed at elbow is a right angle.
Observe the figures given below. The angle in picture no. ii
is less than right angle.
(Pic. i)
The angle in picture no.iii is greater than right angle.
What type of
angles these are
called ?
(Pic.ii ) (Pic. iii)
The angle less than The angle greater

right angle is called than right angle is
‘acute angle’. called ‘obtuse angle’.
Do this
Observe the angles given below and classify them as acute, obtuse and right angles.
(a) (b) (c).
A M
D
O L S N
B N
6.6: Measuring an angle:
Activity - 1
Observe the angles in the adjecent figure and write in the table. 1
S.No Angle Type of angle 2 3
1 Angle 1
2 Angle 2
3 Angle 3
How are these
angles measured ?
Outer Scale
Inner Scale Angles are measured in

'degrees'. To measure an angle
we use an instrument called
'Protractor'. It has a baseline,
Base line Origin
origin and set of two scales.
Activity - 2
A
90o
O B
v Place the origin of the protractor on the vertex of the angle.

v Align the base line of the protractor with one arm of an angle without shifting the
origin of the protractor from the vertex of the angle.
v Adjust for the zero of the protractor on the base line that aligns with the arm of the angle
v Read the angle from that side
v Angle A O B is 90°.
Measure of a right angle is 90°.
L
(2)
L
60o
M N
M N
If the measure is less than 90 degrees, it is an acute angle.
(3) D
120o
Q
O
O Q
If the measure is more than 900 and less than 1800, it is an obtuse angle.
Do this
Classify the angles given below.
25º, 30º, 45º, 120º, 150º, 90º, 160º, 95º, 100º, 60º, 80º, 75º, 110º
Acute angles: ______________________________
Right angle: ______________________________
Obtuse angles: ______________________________
PROJECT WORK
Write the word 'MATH' using the line segments and write the number of right angles,
number of acute angles and number of obtuse angles formed in these letters.
NO. OF RIGHT NO. OF ACUTE NO. OF OBTUSE

LETTER
ANGLES ANGLES ANGLES
M
A
T
H
Exercise - 2
(1) Observe the following angles and write them.
(i) (ii) (iii)

A P
E
O B Q R F G
(2) Observe the following. Name the type of angle.
(1) (2) (3)
(3) Observe the picture given below. Count the number of acute angles, obtuse angles
and right angles.
No. of Right angles ___________
No. of Acute angles ___________
No. of Obtuse angles __________
6.7:- Open and closed figures:-

Activity
D) - 1
Observe the figures given below.
A) B) C)
E) F)
Children!
(1) In which figures, can the cat catch the rat ?
(2) In which figures, can the cat not catch the rat? Why ?
The figures, which are The figures, which are

not closed by line closed by line segments
segments or curves are or curves are called
called “Open figures”. “Closed figures”.
Examples :
, Closed figures
Open figures
,
Do this
Observe the figures given below. Write 'O' under the open figure and 'C' for closed
figure.
Activity - 2
D C AB =
BC =
CD =
A B DA =
v Find the lengths of AB, BC, CD, DA.

v Observe the lengths of AB and CD.
v Observe the lengths of BC and DA.
v Measure the ∟
A, ∟
B, ∟
C and ∟
D.
v What do you observe?

The closed figure with equal opposite sides and
four right angles is called rectangle.
Activity - 3
M S
MS=
SD =
DU =
UM =
U D
v Find the lengths of the all sides of the above figure ( i.e. DU, SD, MS, UM )
v Find the all the angles in this figure
v What do you observe ?
The closed figure with four equal sides and four

right angles is called square.
Activity - 4
M
v How many sides are there in this figure ?
v How many angles are there in this figure ?
v Do you know the name of this closed figure ?
G N
The closed figure with three sides, is called

“ triangle.” It has three angles.

Exercise - 3
(1) State what figures are open and which are closed .
(1) (2) (3)
(4) (5) (6)
(2) Draw three simple closed figures by using straight lines only.
(3) Draw three simple closed figures by using both straight lines and curved lines.
(4) What is angle in a rectangle ?
(5) Square is a special case of rectangle. What is its specialty in terms of sides?
(6) Why there are four angles in a rectangle?
(7) What are the properties of a rectangle?
(8) Give some examples of articles in square shape.
6.8:- Symmetry:-
Rani was getting ready to go to school.

She noticed the word 'FIRST' written on
the shirt of her uniform.

The appearance of the word 'FIRST' written on her shirt in the mirror made her
confused. Only letters I and T looked same in the mirror.
She started playing with the mirror. She kept the mirror along P, A and E letters and saw
their reflection as shown here under.
P P A A E E
1) Which letters have same images?
2) Which letters have different images?
Do this
Here are some letters .Tick the letters which look different in the mirror.
M
H M
K C B
Q Z X
Think & Discuss:
Can you think of more such alphabet will remain same in mirror images?
Activity - 6
Write some letters which have the same mirror image on a

paper as shown in the adjacent figure . Then fold the paper along
M
the dotted lines as shown in the figure.
When we fold the paper along the dotted line, we observe that O
half of the letter on one side of the crease, completely covered
the other half side of the crease.
M
Activity - 7
Look at the adjacent figure. What do you observe ?

We observe that, half of the figure on one side of the dotted
line, completely covers the other half side when it folded along
the dotted lines. Such figure is called symmetrical figure. The
folded line is called the line of symmetry.
Can you find out any

other figure or any B, C, K are
alphabet or a word you some letters
know that holds the
above property?
Do this
(1) Put ( 3 ) mark to the picture which have line of symmetry.
(2) Draw possible number of symmetrical lines for the given figures.

Activity - 8
Symmetrical figures by cutting a paper...

Take a paper and fold it. Cut it as shown in
the figure. Open it and see the design. Will
one half cover the other?
Half a turn or Less

Activity - 9
Observe the Pictures given below.
H S N
H
N
H S N
Each of these letters H , S, N look the same if you rotate them upside and down.
How did you We can turn in two ways as

turn it? clockwise and anti clockwise.
Anti clockwise direction Clockwise direction
After rotation if an
S
What is a half turn?
S
S
object looks exactly the

same, we say that it has
a rotation symmetry. S
Full rotation Quarter rotation
3 quarter turns ½ turn
A half turn means rotation by two quarter turn or 180°.

Complete the following table
Draw how it will look after a half turn

Picture
(1/2)
What do you observe

from the above table?
After half turn some look

same; some do not.
Turn a quarter (1/4)

Look at the adjacent figure. It is
turned half of a ½ turn. We say that it is
turned a quarter (1/4) turn.

Do this
Complete the following table.
1 1
Shape 4
turn 2
turn
Exercise - 4
(1) Match each letter with its mirror image. The dotted line with every letter shows the
mirror.
Letter Image
(i)
T L
(ii)
C M
(iii) L U
(iv) M T
(v) U C
(2) Check whether the dotted line represents the line of symmetry or not and put a tick
mark under the figure with line of symmetry.
(1) (2) (3)
(4) (5) (6)
(3) Draw possible lines of symmetry for the figures given below, wherever possible.
(1) (2) (3)
(4) (5) (6)
(4) Complete the following table.

1 1
Picture (Quarter) turn (Half) turn
4 2

6.9:- Picture Pattern:-
Activity - 1
Observe the following pictures.
Saree borders Carpets designs Floor designs Quilts designs
What do you observe In all the shapes from

from all the above are repeated in a
pictures ? sequence (series)
What is the name of shapes

Patterns.
which are repeated in a
sequence ?
A pattern is a series or sequence of repeated

shapes and figures. Patterns enhance beauty. All
patterns are formed by repeating certain shapes.
Try these
1. Arrange some patterns using , , and .
2. What should come next?
(a)
(b)
(c).
(d)
(e)

6.10:- Perimeter and area:-
Perimeter
Activity - 1
Children, measure four sides of

the table.
Use scale or tape to measure.
Write your observation.
Length of first side measured by the first student ________ cms
We call
Length of second side measured by the second student ______ cms it as
Length of third side measured by the third student ________ cms ‘Perimeter’
Length of fourth side measured by fourth student ________ cms

Total length of the four sides : ________ cms
What is it called the

total length of the
boundary?
Do this
(1) Find the perimeter of the following .

10cm 4cm
3cm 3cm 4cm 4cm
10cm 4cm
8cm
3cm 5cm
4cm 4cm
4cm
5cm

Activity - 2
(Using a grid paper find the perimeter of the rectangle... Shaded)
Perimeter refers
to the total length
of the boundary.
Perimeter of a rectangle = 6 + 4 + 6 + 4
= Length + Breadth + Length + Breadth
= 2 Lengths + 2 Breadths
Perimeter of a rectangle = 2 Lengths + 2 Breadths
Find the perimeter of the following rectangles

Perimeter by adding all
Length Breadth Perimeter by the formula
sides
10 units 5 units 10 + 5 + 10 + 5 = 30 2 x 10 + 2 x 5 = 20 +10 = 30
15 units 10 units
18 units 5 units
12 units 8 units

Activity - 3 (Using a grid paper find the perimeter of the square shaded)
Perimeter refers
to the total length
of the boundary.
Perimeter of a square = 5 + 5+ 5+ 5
= side + side + side + side
= 4 x Side
Perimeter of square = 4 x side
Do these
(1) Find the perimeter of a square with a side of 3 cms.
(2) Find the perimeter of a square with a side of 12cms.
Activity - 1 Area
Ask the students to estimate how many

Maths text books are needed to cover the
surface of the table. After collecting the
responses ask the children to cover the table
with Maths textbooks in such a way that
there is no gap among the books and no over
lapping.

S. No Name of the Student Estimated Number Actual Number
Activity - 2
Use 12 squares to make as many types of rectangles as you can on the square sheet.
Do all types of rectangles occupy same area? One is done for you.
What do you observe?

Activity - 3
(1) Find the area of the following figures (Grid Paper)
Figure Length Breadth Area
______ cms _______cms ______ sq.cms
______cms ______cms _____ sq. cms
_____cms _______cms ______ sq.cms
______ cms ______cms _____ sq.cms
What do you observe Area of a rectangle is

from the above ? product of its length
and breadth
What is the formula for

area of a rectangle ?
Area of a rectangle = Length x Breadth

Activity - 4
Figure Side Area
_______ cms ________sq. cms
_______ cms _______sq. cms
What do you Area of a Square is

observe from the obtained by multiplying
above ? side with side.
If in a rectangle, length and breadth are equal, it is called a square. Here

length and breadths are called sides. All sides are equal in a square.
Area of a square = side x side
Try this
Balu is a farmer who wants to divide his land equally to his three children. He wants
to divide the land. His land look like this each piece of land has one tree. Can you divide
the land equally?

Exercise - 5
(1) Find the perimeter of a rectangular field whose length is 40m

and breadth is 25m.
(2) Find the perimeter of a park in square shape side with 25m.
(3) Find the area of a square whose one side is 13cms.
(4) Find the area of a black board with a length of 240cms and
breadth 120cms.
(5) Find the cost of fencing to a square park whose side is 200m.
Cost for 1m is ` 30.
(6) A piece of a wire is 28cm long. What will be the length of each
side, if the wire is used to form a square?

Chapter
Data Handling
7
7.1:- Tally marks:-
One day Class-V teacher Mrs. Lakshmi collected the data about their favourite flower
from the students. One student noted the data on the black board as follows…
Rose, Rose, Marigold, Rose, Rose,

Marigold, Jasmine,
Jasmine, Rose, Marigold, Rose, Marigold,
Rose, Lily, Rose, Jasmine,
Rose, Marigold, Jasmine,
Rose, Jasmine, Marigold,
Jasmine, Rose, Rose,
Jasmine, Rose, Marigold,
Rose, Marigold, Marigold,
Rose, Marigold, Rose, Lily,
Rose.
Complete the table by using the above data:

Name of the flower Tally marks Number
Jasmine
Rose
Marigold
Lily
Answer the following questions:
1. Which flower is liked by most of the students?
2. How many children liked rose flower?
3. Which flower is liked by less in number of students?

7.2:- Pictograph:-
Yes,
we can use
Is there any other pictographs to
way to compare compare the data.
the data easily?
Now, we compare the previous data by using pictograph. You have to use to
represent two flowers.
= 2 flowers
S. No. Name of the flower Number of pictures
1. Jasmine
2. Rose
3. Marigold
4. Lily
Yes, observe
Will you explain
the process
how to prepare the
given below.
pictograph?
Step 1 : Select / identify a suitable picture to represent the data.( )
Step 2 : Give a numerical value to the picture. ( = 2 flowers)
(The value must be a natural number. Ex: 2, 5, 10, 15, ...)
Step 3 : Draw the number of pictures according to the data.
Example: Marigold = = 4 x 2 = 8 flowers
Step 4 : All the pictures should be in the same shape and size.

Example:
Observe the following pictograph and fill the columns.
= 5 members
Number of
S. No. Game Pictures
players
1. Kabaddi
2. Kho-Kho
3. Tennicoit
4. Cricket
Answer the following questions:

1. How many players played Kabaddi?
2. Which game was played by most of the players?
3. Which game was played by only 10 members?
Pochaiah, Solman, Lingaiah, Kareem and Veeresam are fishermen in Tallarevu

village. The number of the fish caught by them is given in the table. Draw a pictograph for
the given data.
Fisherman Pochaiah Solman Kareem Lingaiah Veeresam

Fish 90 100 30 80 50

= 10. i.e. Picture of one fish represents 10 fish.
S. No. Name of the

Pictures
Fisherman
1. Pochaiah
2. Solman
3. Kareem
4. Lingaiah
5. Veeresam
Now answer the following questions.

(a) How many fish Pochaiah caught more than Lingaiah?
(b) Is the number of fish caught by Lingaiah is equal to the total number of fish caught
by Kareem and Veeresam?
(c) How many fish pictures can you draw for Veeresam? Why?
(d) Number of fish pictures equal to 100 fish are ___________
One day Pochaiah's wife Mangamma went to a fruit market. She brought some fruits as
given in the table below.
Fruits Mango Banana Orange Apple

Number of Fruits 20 30 50 20
Prepare a pictograph to the given data and present it in the class room.

Hint: Type of fruit Picture representation
Mango
Banana
= 10
Orange
Apple
Prepare some questions on the above data and discuss them in the classroom.
7.3:- Reading the Bar Graph:-
We can represent the data in another way also. Observe it carefully.
Class 5 students prepared data on players of different games in their school as
shown below.
Group-1: Group-2:
= 10 Players = 10 Players
Cricket
No. of players
Games
Tennicoit
Kho-Kho
Kabbadi
Kabbadi Kho-Kho Tennicoit Cricket
No. of players
Games
We can represent the data in both horizontal and vertical bars.

(a) How many players are there in the ground?
(b) The difference between number of players played kho-kho and
tennicoit is equal to which game?
(c) Which game has 40 players ?
(d) “How many times” of number of tennicoit players is equal to
number of kabbadi players?

A bar graph represents the data with equal width rectangular
bars. Each bar graph has title and scales.
Example:
Rajani wants to compare her height with her four friends. She measured their
heights and made a note like this.
Rajani – 120 cm Rafi – 160 cm Ramesh – 140 cm
Rosy – 140 cm Rani – 160 cm
Help her to draw bar diagram.
200- 1 Unit = 20 cm
180 -
160 -
140 -
120 -
100 -
80 -
60 -
40 -
20 -
Rajani Rafi Ramesh Rosy Rani
(a) Who is the shortest person?
(b) How much less height is Rafi to Rajani?
(c) Who is equal in height to Rajani?
(d) How much more height is Rajani than Rosy?
One day Rani collected the data of temperatures of 5 Major cities from news papers.
Prepare a bar diagram to the data and prepare 4 questions.
Name of the city Kadapa Nellore Kurnool Vijayawada Visakhapatnam
Temperature in
300c 350c 350c 250c 200c
degrees

Prepare a bar graph.
Kadapa
Nellore
Kurnool
Towns
Vijayawada
Visakhapatnam
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Temperature
Exercise - 1
(1) Parvathi collected the data of pet animals from her friends and recorded it in a
table. She displayed the table in the class room.
Pet animals Tally marks Number
Cat 5
Goat 10
Hen 13
Dog 6
Answer the following questions.

1) Which animal is petted more in number?
2) Which animal is petted less in number?
3) How many students have goat as a pet animal?
4) How many students have dog as a pet animal?
(2) The following table shows the number of tiles in different colours.
Colour White Blue Black Green Red

Number of Tiles 250 170 200 100 150
Make a pictograph using the data and prepare some questions.

(3) Ravi maintains a provisional store in Parvatipuram. He recorded the quantities of
goods and items in his shop daily. One day he records the quantities of rice, wheat,
red gram and sugar as shown below.
Items Rice Wheat Red Gram Sugar

Number of bags 60 30 40 20
Now prepare a bar diagram to the given data and followed by some questions.
Project:
Conduct a survey in your school. Collect the information and interpret the data.
Make Tally marks chart / Pictograph / Bar graph.
a) Favourite actor
b) Favourite actress
c) Favourite cricket player
d) Favourite sweet
e) Favourite movie
f) Favourite drink.
Use of data handling:

Government and other voluntary organizations collect the data like census,
animals' statistics, food supplies and financial disbursements. Based on the
collected data, Government and others will estimate the future needs. (In fact
everyone uses data collection and data analysis.)
Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis (29 June 1893 – 28 June

1972) was an Indian scientist and statistician. He founded
the Indian Statistical Institute - Kolkatta. Mahalanobis has
been considered as the father of modern statistics in India.

Chapter
Fractions
8
8.1:- Types of Fractions:-
Hema and Gopi are studying 5thclass and 3rd class respectively. One Sunday, they are
playing a game “Asta – Chemma”. Observe the game board.
How many total cells are there ?

Which types of cells are there ?
How many marked cells are there ?
Here No. of marked cells = 5
No. of marked cells = 4
No. of un marked cells = 16
Total cells = 25
Can you write “ fraction part” of marked cells & un marked cells?
5
fraction part of marked cells =
25
4 Fractions that have
fraction part of marked cells =
25 same denominators are
16 called like fractions.
fraction part of unmarked cells = 25
5 4 16
Observe these fractions : 25 , 25 , 25
What is your observation ?
These are like fractions.

Proper Fractions: Observe the following table.
Relation between numerator

Fraction Numerator Denominator
and denominator
5
5 25 5 < 25
25
4
25
4 25
16
16 25
25
10
10 13
13
13
13 15
15
What do you observe from the above table ?

Here, in all fractions the numerator is less than the denominator.
Fractions having numerator less than the denominator are called “proper
fractions”.
5 4 16 10 13
Therefore , , , , are “proper fractions”.
25 25 25 13 15
Activity - 1
Collect today's class wise attendance and enter in this table.
S.No. Class Roll Present Fraction Is it proper fraction?

1. I
2. II
3. III
4. IV
5. V
Total:
(Hint: Take roll as denominator and present as numerator.)

Activity - 2
Observe 4 × 4 grid.
Write “ fractions” for red, green, and white coloured parts.
fraction of red part =
fraction of Green part =
fraction of white part =
What do you say about these fractions?

Mixed Fractions :
Hema's mother gave 5 biscuits to Hema and her brother Gopi. Then Hema shared
these 5 biscuits in this way.
1 1
2 2
2 2
Hema and Gopi got 2 full biscuits and half biscuit each. This can be written as 2 1
2
biscuits.
If Hema and Gopi got 7 and 9 biscuits then complete this table.
No. of biscuits No. of biscuits each get

Total Fraction
given Full biscuits Part of biscuit
1 1 1
5 2 2 + 2
2 2 2
Observe these fractions : 2 1 , 3 1 , 4 1 , ....................................

2 2 2
1 1
2 3
2 2
I am a whole I am a proper I am a whole I am a proper

number fraction number fraction
Fraction having whole number and proper fraction is called “Mixed Fraction”.
So 2 1 , 3 1 , 4 1 , .................................... are “ mixed fractions”.

2 2 2
Improper Fraction :
5
Hema distributes 5 biscuits equally between 2; fraction form =
2
7
If she distributes 7 biscuits equally among 3 ; fraction form =
3
If she distributes 9 biscuits equally among 4 ; fraction form = 9
4
2
If she distributes 2 biscuits equally between 2 ; fraction form =
2
5 7 9 2
Observe these fractions : , , ,
2 3 4 2
Numerator Denominator Relation between numerator

Fraction
and denominator
5
5 2 5>2
2
7 7 3
3
9 9 4
4
2 2 2
2
What do you say ?
Here in all fractions have numerator is greater than or equal to denominator.
These types of fractions are called improper fractions.
5 7 9 2
Ex: , , ,
2 3 4 2
Do you know?
Ø The value of proper fraction is always less than 1.
Ø The value of improper fraction is greater than or equal to 1.

Do You Know? Improper and mixed fraction forms are same.
1) When an improper fraction is converted into a mixed fraction, the quotient forms its
whole number part while the remainder over the divisor forms the fractional part.
2) To convert a mixed fraction into an improper fraction, multiply the denominator by
the whole number and add the product to the numerator. This sum over the
denominator gives an improper fractions.
Example : (1)
2) 5 (2
5 1 5 1 1 -4
Fraction form of shaded part = or 2 + so = 2+ = 2 1
2 2 2 2 2
+
and 2 1 = (2 × 2) + 1 = 4 + 1 = 5
x 2 2 2 2
Example : (2)
3) 7 (2
7 1 7 1 1 -6
Fraction form of shaded part = 3 or 2 + 3 so = 3 = 2 + 3 = 2 3 1
1 (3× 2) + 1 6 + 1 7
and 2 = = =
3 3 3 3
Example : (3)
4) 15 (3
15 3 15 3 3 -12
Fraction form of shaded part = = 3 + so = 3+ =3 3
4 4 4 4 4
3 (4 × 3) + 3 12 + 3 15
and 3 = = =
4 4 4 4
Every improper fraction can be converted into mixed fraction and vise versa.
Improper fraction Mixed fraction
Do these
1) Write any 5 proper fractions.
2) Write any 5 improper fractions.
3) Write any 5 mixed fractions.
5 7 9 11
4) Convert these fraction into mixed fraction 2 , 3 , 4 , 2 .
2 3 2 1
5) Convert these fractions into improper fraction 4 , 5 , 6 , 3 .
3 4 5 2

Maths Lab Activity 1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
Using above digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 write proper fractions, improper fractions,

mixed fractions as many as you can.
7.2:- Equivalent fractions :-
j Rakesh takes an iron rod. He wants to paint the rod. First he marks the rod into 2 equal
parts and paints 1 part of it.
j Yesu takes the same length of iron rod and marks it into 4 equal parts and paints
2 parts of it.
j Haseena takes the same length of iron rod and marks into 6equal parts and paints
3 parts of it.
Rakesh
Yeshu
Haseena
After painting all the three persons got surprised, why ?

The teacher clarified their doubt in this way.
1
Part of the rod painted by Rakesh = 2
2
Part of the rod painted by Yesu =
4
Part of the rod painted by Haseena = 3
6
1
Everybody painted half portion of the rod i.e.,
2
1 2 3
By observing the painted parts, we come to know that , , are same
2 4 6
2 3 1
so, , are “EQUIVALENT FRACTIONS” to .
4 6 2

One more observation is 1 × 2 = 2 ; 1 3 3
× =
2 2 4 2 3 6
3 3¸3 1 2 2¸2 1 1 2 3
= = ; = = \ = =
6 6 ¸3 2 4 4¸2 2 2 4 6
To get equivalent fractions, we must multiply / divide both numerator and

denominator by the same number.
1 1Ì2 2 1´ 3 3
Example : i) = ( ) = ( )
3 3×
´2 6 ×3 Ì3 9
1 1 2 3
2 3 \ = =
So, , are equivalent fractions to . 3 6 9
6 9 3
16 16 ¸ 2 8 16 ¸ 4 4
= ( ) = ( );
ii) 20 20 ÷ 2 10 20 ÷ 4 5
8 4 are equivalent fractions to 16 . 16 8 4

So, , \ = =
10 5 20 20 10 5
Activity - 3
(I) Shade the fraction part. What is your observation?

5
7
10
14
Observation: ___________________________________
___________________________________
II) Shade the fraction part. What is your observation? (Start from arrow)
2 4
4 8
Observation: ___________________________________

iii) Write fractions for the shaded part. What is your observation?
Observation : ___________________________________________
Do these
1) Write any three equivalent fractions to the given fractions.
4 1 3 20
a) b) c) d)
8 3 7 24
8.3:- Simplest form of Fraction:-

Example :1
Rajiv and Begum take two equal circular shapes. Rajiv divides his circular shape
into 8 equal parts and Begum divides her circular shape in to 2 equal parts.
4
Rajiv coloured 4 parts out of 8 parts. So fraction part equal to .
8
1
Begum coloured 1 part out of 2 parts. So fraction part =
2
4 4¸4 1
= =
8 8¸4 2
1 4
So, is the simplest form / simplified form / lowest form of 8 .
2
That is why the coloured parts by Rajiv and Begum look like same.

Example : 2
30
Write the simplest form of the fraction .
36
1st method : H.C.F of 30 and 36 is 6 30 = 30 ¸ 6 = 5

36 36 ¸ 6 6
So, 5 is the simplest form of 30 .

6 36
If we divide both numerator and denominator by it's

H.C.F, we get the simple form of the given fraction.
2nd Method: Cancellation Method

15 5
30 15 5
= = ( 30, 36 are divisible by 2,3)
36 18 6
18 6
Exercise - 1
1. Simplify the following fractions. ( by cancellation method).

(I) 105 (ii) 200 (iii) 7 (iv) 666 (v) 125 (vi) 120
15 20 10 66 1000 200
2. Simplify the following fractions ( by H. C .F method).

(i) 12 (ii) 14 (iii) 22 (iv) 27 (v) 128 (vi) 210
18 35 55 36 164 427
3) Convert the following fractions into the simplest form by both the methods.
(i) 16 (ii) 12 (iii) 30 (iv) 40 (v) 16 (vi) 8
64 18 50 25 32 40
4. To get equivalent fractions what should we do a given fraction?

5. Write any three equivalent fractions to the given fractions.
(i) 5 (ii) 32 (iii) 3 (iv) 125 (v) 7
8 64 7 225 10
6. Govindamma distributed her 4 acres of land to her 3 sons. Then write the part of land
each got in the form of a fraction.

8.4:- Like and Unlike Fractions:-
See all the figures and it's shaded parts. Observe 1st set of fractions. We already know
that fractions having same denominators are called “LIKE FRACTIONS”.
1 2 3 1 2 3
4 4 4 2 3 5
Observe 2ndset of fractions what is your observation? Here all fractions have different
denominators. Fractions having different denominators are called “UNLIKE
FRACTIONS”.
While checking like fractions /unlike fractions, what do we check ?
We check only denominators.
8.5:- Addition of Fractions:-
RED BLUE
PAINT MIXER
PURPLE
Raheem is working in a paint shop. His duty is to make all colours of paint. To make
5 7
purple paint, Raheem mixed lit of red paint with lit of blue paint. Then how much
4 4
purple paint does he get?

5
Red paint taken = lit
4
7
Blue paint taken = lit
4
After mixing, purple colour prepared 5 7
= +
4 4
5+7
=
4
12
=
4
12
= = 3 lit
Activity - 4 4
Take 9 strips of same unit length. On 1st strip mark it as 1. Shade any colour on entire
1
strip. Divide 2nd strip into two equal parts and mark it for two equal parts. Shade any
st 2
different colour other than on 1 strip. Continue in this way.

1 1 1 1 1
We can observe that : + = 1, + + = 1,.................
2 2 3 3 3
1 1 1 1 1 1
some more observations : + = , + = ,.................
4 4 2 6 6 3

Addition of Like Fractions
1 3
Consider two like fractions. For Example: ,
5 5
Sum of like fractions
1 3
Now add , sum of numerators
5 5
=
1 3 denominator
Method 1: +
5 5
= 1 1 1 1 4
+ =
5 5 5 5 5
(They are like fractions)

1 3 1+ 3
Method 2: + =
5 5 5
4
=
5
1 1 7 16
Example: 2 + 5 = +
3 3 3 3
7 + 16
=
3
23
=
3
1 th 1 th
Example: Ramu read part of a book on 1st day, part on 2nd day. Then
4 4
how much part did he read in two days ?
1
Solution : Part read on 1st day =
4
1
Part read on 2nd day =
4
1 1
Total part read in two days by Ramu = +
4 4
1+1
=
4
2
=
4
1
=
2

Do these
1) Observe the example and 1 2 3
+ +
8 8 8
write the correct fractions in
the other circles.
3
+
8
2) Find the sum.
2 4 2 3
i) + ii) +
10 10 6 6
1 1 1 1
iii) 1 + 3 iv) 2 + 3
4 4 5 5
1 3
3) Kg of a sugar packet, kg of jaggery are in a bag. Then what is the total
2 6
weight of two items in the bag ?
1 2
4) Sakru paints 5 th part of a wall on first day, th
part of the wall on second day.
5
Then how much part he painted in both the days ?
3 th 1 th
5) Polamma had some money. She spent part of money on books,
part
6 6
of money on pens, pencils and erasers. Then how much part money did she
spend in total ?
Addition of unlike Fractions:

1 1
Consider two un-like fractions, i.e., ,
3 2
Now add 1 1
+
3 2
1 1
Method 1: +
3 2

1 1 1 1 1
= + + + +
6 6 6 6 6
5
=
6
1 1
Method 2: + (here L.C.M of 3, 2 = 6 )
3 2
1 2 1 3 (L.C.M = 6, to make same denominators)
= x + x
3 2 2 3
2 3 5
= + =
6 6 6
Example : 5
1 1 31 37 ( L.C.M of Another process:
+ 3 = +
6 12 6 12 6,12 = 12)
1 1 31 37
5 + 3 = +
31 2 37 1 6 12 6 12
= x + x
6 2 12 1 31x2 + 37x1
=
62 + 37 12
=
12 62 + 37
=
99 12
=
12 99
=
12
1 rd 1
Example : Narasamma ate part of bread on Monday, th part of the bread on
3 4
Tuesday. Then how much part of the bread she ate on two days ?
1
Sol : Part of bread eaten on Monday = 3
1
Part of bread eaten on Tuesday =
4
Part of bread eaten by Narasamma on two days
1 1
= + (here L.C.M of 3, 4=12 )
3 4
1 4 1 3
= ´ + Ì (L.C.M =12, to make same
3 4 4 3
denominators)
4 3
= +
12 12
7
=
12
Do these
1 2 4
+ +
1) Complete this 2 3 6
8
+
6
2) Find the sum.

1 5
i) 1 + 3 ii) 3 +
5
iii) 1 2 + 2
5
iv) 3 + 2
5 4 4 6 3 6 8 6
1 4 th
3) Seetamma read 5 th part of a book on Monday, part of the book on
10
Tuesday. Then how much part did she complete on two days ?
1 3
4) Polayya painted a wall of 5 h part on 1st day and 6 th part of the wall on
2nd day. Then how much part he painted the wall in two days ?
Try this
6 1
Add 5 , 4
8 7
8.6:- Subtraction of Fractions:-

8 th
There is part of mineral water in a bottle. Saroja drink
1 th 16
part of the water. Then how much part of water is
16
remained in the bottle?
8
Part of mineral water in bottle = 16
1
Part of mineral water drunk = 16
8 1
Part of mineral water remained = 16 - 16
8 -1
=
16
7
=
16
Observe that while doing subtraction of like fractions, we subtract only
numerators, denominators remains the same.
Subtraction of Like Fractions

4 1
Consider two like fractions i.e; ,
5 5
Now calculate : 4 - 1
5 5
4 1 1 1 1 1
Method 1 : - =
5 5 5 5 5 5
1 1 1
=
5 5 5
3
=
5
4 1 4 -1 3
Method 2 : - = =
5 5 5 5
4 1 14 11 3
Example: 2 - 2 = - =
5 5 5 5 5
1 th
Example: Krishna read part of a book on first day. How much part of book is yet to
4
be completed ?
1
Sol : Completed part on first day = 4 Difference of like fractions
Difference of numerators
Yet to be completed part = 1- 1 =
4 denominator
4 1
= -
4 4
4 -1
= 4
3
= 4

Do these
1. Complete this : 8 2 1
- -
5 5 5
2. Do the following.
I) 6 1 ii) 3 1 iii) 1 3 - 1 1 iv) 4 2
- - 2 -1
10 10 15 15 15 15 7 7
1 th
3. Eswar painted part of a wall on first day. Then how much part will remain to
6
complete?
1 th 5 th
4. Gowri completed part of her homework on Saturday, part on Sunday
4 12
morning. How much part did she complete? How much part of home work is left ?
Subtraction of Unlike Fractions

Consider two unlike factions i.e, 3 , 1 . Now calculate 3 1
-
4 2 4 2
Method 1 :
3 1
-
4 2
1 1 1 1
= 4 4 4 2
1 1 1
=
2 4 2
1
= 4
= 1
4
Method 2 : 3 - 1 ( L.C.M. of 4, 2 = 4)
4 2
= 3 1 2 ( L.C.M = 4, To make same denominator)
- x
4 2 2
3 2
= -
4 4
= 3- 2
4
1
= 4
3 th 1 th part of glass.
Example : Rakesh has part of a glass with milk. He drank
4 8
Now how much part of milk is remained in the glass?
3
Sol : Part of milk in the glass = 4
2 nd Process
1
Part of milk drank = 3 1
8
- = 3×Ì 2 -1 ×
´1
3 1 4 8 8
Part of milk remained = -
4 8
6 -1
=
3 2 1 8
= x -
4 2 8 5
=
6 1 8
= -
8 8
5
=
8
Try these
1) Complete this: 3 4 1
- -
4 12 24

Exercise - 2
8
b) 1 1
3 7 2 6 7
a) + c) + d) +
4 4 2 3 5 3 4
3 9 10 5 9 4 5 13
e) + f) + g) + h) +
5 11 10 20 10 15 20 30
3 3 3 1
a) 3 - 1 b) 6 - 1 c) - d) 4
-
5
7 7 3 8 16
8 5 13 7 7 3
e) - f) - g) 63 - 9 h) -
7 8 15 20 40 10 15 10
1 4
3) Find the difference between 5 and 2 .
3 7
1 3
4) Seetha purchased 1 litre of sunflower oil, litre of groundnut oil. How much of
2 4
oil she purchased in total?
5) Vimala purchased 1 3 m of cotton cloth for skirt , 3 m of cloth for blouse. How
4 4
much cloth is purchased by her?
6) A water tank is filled with 9 th part of water. But 3 th part of water is consumed in
10 5
a day. Then find the remaining part of water in the tank ?
8.9:- Decimal Fractions:-

One day a foot wear shop keeper received a big box. It has 10 packets of same
size. In each packet he found 10 single boxes each with a pair of shoes. He sold one
shoe box on the first day.
Big Box Packet
Box
100 Shoe Boxes 10 Shoe Boxes 1 Shoe Box

Figure - 1 Figure - 2 Figure - 3

If the big box containing 100 shoes is considered as 1 unit (whole),
1
= 0.1
1 100
Part of whole = 10 1
= 0.01
100
1
= 0.001
1 1000
part of whole = 100
2 2
So, stands for ; stands for
10 100
1 1 2 2
What do you observe in these fractions , , , ?
10 100 10 100
Here denominators are 10, 100.
Fractions having denominators 10, 100, 1000,… are called “ DECIMAL FRACTIONS” .
125 345 4534 345672

Ex: 1) = 12.5 2) = 3.45 3) = 4.534 4) = 345.672
10 100 1000 1000
Place value in decimal fraction: Whole Numbers Decimal Fractions

Decimal point
Thousandths
Hundredths
Hundreds
Tenths
Ones
Tens
2 8 5 1 4 3
3
2 x 100 1000
4
8 x 10 100
1
5x1
10
We read 285.143 as “Two Hundred Eighty Five point One Four Three”.
1
Place value of 2 = 200 Place value of 1 = 10
4
Place value of 8 = 80 Place value of 4 =
100
3
Place value of 5 = 5 Place value of 3 =
1000

Do these
1. Read 485.267
2. Write the place value of all digits in 293.819
3. Write any 5 examples for decimal fractions.
Do You Know?
Ancient Indians represented fractions without horizontal line between numerator
and denominator.
The Arabs added the line drawn horizontally.
“Bhinnarasi” is originated in India in the works of Aryabhatta, Brahmagupta and
Bhaskara.
The word fraction is from Latin word fractus / fractio means broken / break.
Exercise - 3
Fill in the blanks.

a) In improper fraction, numerator is ------------- than the denominator.
6
b) is -------------- fraction (which type?)
6
c) 1
3 is ----------------fraction (which type?)
2
d) 9 is -----------------fraction (which type?)
6
e) 2 is -----------------fraction (which type?)
5
f) A fraction having whole number and proper fraction is called ---------- fraction.
2. Convert 9 into mixed- fraction.

6
1
3. Convert 2 into an improper- fraction.
5
2
4. Write any 5 equivalent fractions to .
3
5. Write simplest form of fraction for 25 .

75

6. Write two equivalent fractions to 64 .
36
7. Classify the following as like and unlike fractions.
3 2 8 9 8 1
, , , , ,
5 7 5 5 4 5
8. Fill in the blanks.

15 3 2 3
a) = b) = c) =
20 5 50 5 30
9. Fill in the blanks with = or ≠ (≠ denotes not equal to)
1 8 9 27 6 12
a) - --- b) 15 - - - - - - 30 c) ------
2 16 13 39
10. Fill in the blanks with equivalent fractions.
1 8
a) - --- ----------, --------------, ----------
2 16
6 1 5 2 15 3 11 1
11. a) + = .......... b) + = .......... c) + = .......... d) + 1 = ..........
5 5 7 14 32 8 16 8
1
12. Kavitha studied part of a book on 1st day, 1 part on 2nd day, then how much part
2 3
she studied in both the days?
1
13. Koushik went to school km by walk. He went on bicycle with his friend for the
4
3
remaining distance km. Then find the distance to school from his house.
4
8 2 1 1 15 3 1 1
14. a) - = ....... b) - = ....... c) - = ....... d) 6 - 1 = .......
10 10 3 9 32 8 16 8
2 rd
15. part of students in a school is boys. Find the part of girls.
3
21 7 8
16. Subtract from the total of and .
4 2 3
17. Govind studied 2 th part of a book on 1st day, 1 th part on 2nd day. Then how much
5 7
part is yet to be completed?
18. Write in words 189.257

19. Write the place value of 6 in 489.167

Chapter
Measurements
9
9.1:- Measuring in millimetres:-
Siva felt thirsty while walking along the road and saw
a sugarcane juice centre on the road side. He ordered for a
glass of juice. The juice seller squeezes one glass of juice
from a sugar cane. Siva estimated the length of sugarcane.
Teacher : Can you estimate the length of sugar-cane?
Student : Yes, it is about 2 metres.
Teacher : If you cut into small pieces, in which units we
measure them?
To measure the small things, we use centimetre (cm).
To measure length in cm, we use scale.
Activity
With the help of a scale, measure the length of a table in your class.
Do these
1. Guess the distance between any two dots. Repeat for other dots also. Check by
measuring the same with scale.
2. Identify and write farthest two dots. Identify nearest to each other.
A. .C
B. .D
.J
3. Draw another pencil longer by one cm than the given one.

4. Draw a water bottle 1 cm shorter to this.
Why to measure in millimetres?

Rekha and Shiva are measuring the lengths of some objects in centimetres and metres.
Let's measure the following things using scale or tape and fill in the table.
Thing Comb Water bottle Spoon Skipping rope Hand stick
Length (cm)
While they are doing the work, Latha brought one groundnut seed and asked “can
you measure the length of this seed?” They tried to measure it in centimetres. But they
observed that length of the seed is below 1 centimetre.
Can you measure the length of the seed?
Look at this picture.

0 cm 1 2 3
Observe the above picture and write the answers.
At which starting point of the scale, the groundnut seed is placed? ____________
Count the unnumbered lines it covered ____________________
Is it one centimetre? ___________________
The distance between 0 to 1 is divided into ____________________ equal parts.

The numbered lines correspond to centimeters, while the unnumbered lines indicate
millimetres. We write millimetres as mm in short form. So 1 centi-metre is equal to
10 millimetres and 1 mm = 1/10 cm(1mm= 10th part of 1cm = 0.1cm)
A scale represents two units “centimetre and millimetre”.
10 millimeters
1 cm
0. 5 cm
10 Lines per
centimetre 0 cm 1
Now count the millimetres the peanut has covered. It is _____mm.
Do this
Give some examples which we have to measure only in millimetres.
1.____________ 2.______________ 3. ____________ 4. ______________.
Activity
Measuring the length of a safety pin:

Observe the adjacent picture and write answers. 0 cm 1 2 3
At which starting point is the safety pin placed?__________
Count the centimetres it covered __________cm
Count the unnumbered lines the pin covered after 1cm _____
The safety pin covered ____cm and ____ millimetres.
Meera measures it in millimetres

1 cm + 4 mm = 10 mm + 4 mm = 14 mm
Try this
Find the thickness of your writing pad.
Centimetre and Millimetre:

The observations of class 5 students about the distance between two plants in
fields are given in a table. They want to convert them into millimetres.
We know that 1cm = 10 mm

Name of the Distance in Distances in Do you know
Plants
student centimetres millimetres
To convert
80 × 10 mm = 800 higher unit to
Swathi Rose plants 80 cm lower units,
mm
Sudeepa Jasmine plants 45 cm we need to
Sumera Peanut plants 30 cm multiply.
Santha bai Tomato 75 cm To convert
lower unit to
Activity higher unit, we
need to divide.
Ask the students to observe the length of the following things and
convert them into centimetres.
We know that 1mm = 1/10 cm
Name of the
objects Length in mm Length in cm
student
Jubair Textbook 220 220÷10 = 22 cm
Somla Pen 115
Jack Slate 180
Malli Brick 200
Study the following table:
Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones Tenths Hundredths Thousandths
Metric units Kilo (1000) Hecta (100) Deca (10) Basic unit 1 deci (1/10) Centi (1/100) milli (1/1000)
Length Kilometre Hectametre Decametre Metre Decimetre Centimetre Millimetre
Weight Kilogram Hectagram Decagram Gram Decigram Centigram Milligram
Capacity Kilolitre Hectalitre Decalitre Litre Decilitre Centi litre Millilitre
We commonly use kilometre to measure far distances. Metre, centimetre and

millimetre are used to measure objects, clothes etc..

Thousands Ones Hundredths Thousandths
Metric Kilo Basic unit Centi milli
units X 1000 1 1/100 1/1000
Length Kilometre Metre Centimetre Millimetre
Why should I learn about millilitres,

centimetres, metres etc… and
convert it into
different measurements?
Sumi is searching for a scale. When she found it was broken into some pieces. She stucks
two pieces with fevistick and observed another one piece was missing. How could she tell it?
Imran identified that Sumi has done both addition and subtraction. He explained an
addition example like this.
Example-1:
The lengths of two pieces are 12 cm 3 mm and 6 cm 2 mm. The total length of two
pieces is:
Solution: cm mm
12 3
+ 6 2
18 cm 5 mm
Imran identified how Sumi told the other piece is missing. He subtracts the length of
two pieces from the total length of a scale that is 30cm. He gave an example to subtraction.

Example-2: Subtract 18 cm 5 mm Example-3:
from 30 cm Length of a pen is 13 cm 8 mm. 8 pens
Solution: cm mm are arranged in row, without spacing.
What is the length of the row?
30 0
Solution:
(-) 18 5
Length of pens =13 cm 8 mm
11 cm 5 mm
No. of pens = 8
Length of row =13 cm 8 mm
x 8
110 cm 4 mm
Exercise - 1
A) Find the sum of the following.

1) 7 cm 5 mm + 9 cm 6 mm 2) 82 cm 8 mm + 92 cm 2 mm
B) Subtract the following.
1) 26 cm 4 mm from 43 cm 3 mm 2) 87 cm 6 mm from 91cm 9 mm
C) Multiply the following.
1) 18 cm 6 mm x 5 2) 54 cm 3 mm x 23
D) Solve the following problems.
1) Rafi said “the length of my finger nail is 5 cm and the length of my finger is 7 mm”. Is
he correct? Give reasons.
2) Gouse measured the length of his compass box as 12 cm 5 mm. Babu said that the
length of his box is 2 cm 5 mm more than that. Find Babu's box length.
3) Madhavi made a garland with a length of 80 cm. Later she added 60
cm garland piece to that. How much length of garland it became?
4) Mythili broke a pencil with a length of 18 cm into two pieces. If the
length of one piece is 8 cm 5 mm, find the length of the other piece.
5) While drawing a line segment with a length of 12 cm, Seenu has
drawn upto 8 cm 7 mm. Find the remaining part to be drawn has to be
extend?
6) Kodanda solved the problem like this. Which process has he adopted to solve?
cm mm
20 8
15 6
5 2
7) Sunitha estimated the length of one seed as 6 mm.

Ramija said if one seed length is 6 mm then the length
of 4 seeds is 24 mm. How did Ramija say that?
8) Suraj observed 12 caterpillars moving in a row. He

estimated the length of one caterpillar as 3.5 cm. What
will be the length of the row? (Estimate )
9) The length of a safety pin is 2 cm. Mary wants to measure

18 cm length by using the safety pin. How many times
should she count by moving it in a straight line?
9.2:- Length of the clothes:-
Metres and Centimetres:

Hari and Siri wanted to
buy new clothes. They went
to a cloth store and bought
some pieces of clothe. The
shopkeeper gave clothes
with the different lengths.

Siri measured the length of the shirt piece as 1 m 50 cm with scale. When she reached 100
cm she made a mark as 1 metre.
We know 1 metre = 100 centimetres
Measuring 1 metre 50 cm in centimeters = 1 x 100 cm + 50 cm
= 100 cm + 50 cm
= 150 cm.
Now change the measurement given in the 2nd column into cm.
Dress Measurement Measurement in cm

Shirt 1 m 50 cm 150 cm
Pant 1 m 5 cm
Long skirt 1 m 80 cm
Blouse 0 m 90 cm
Converting cm to metres:
Example: When Siri observed length of the blouse as Do you know?
90 centimetres, she wanted to convert 90 90 centi-metres = 90 x
cm into metres. 1/100 metres
(in the form of decimal
Solution: The length of the blouse = 90 cm
fraction)
We know that 1metre = 100 cm = 90/100 metres
Converting 90cm to metres = 90/100 = 0.90 metres
= 0.90 metres.
After understanding the concept of decimals, working with measurements is very simple.
Like the decimal system, the metric system is also based on units of 10 and its multiples.
After the decimal point, if

there is zero at the end, it
need not be written.

Example-1: Sanjana used 26 m 15 cm bamboo stick to make a big basket and 12 m 65 cm
bamboo stick to make a sieve. Find the total length of bamboo used by her.
Solution:
Bamboo stick used to make a basket = 26 m 15 cm
Bamboo stick used to make a sieve = (+) 12 m 65 cm
The total length of bamboo stick used = 38 m 80 cm
Example-2: Obulesu agreed to construct a school compound wall of length 100 m. He completed
56 m of wall in one week. What length of wall should be constructed further ?
Solution:
The length of the compound wall = 100 m
Length of constructed wall = (-) 56 m
Length of the wall to be completed = 44 m
Example-3: A snail moves 30 cm in a minute. How much distance it can cover in
15minutes?
Solution: The distance covered by snail in one minute = 30 cm
The distance covered by snail in 15 minutes = 30 cm x 15
= 450 cm or 4 m 50 cm
Example-4: Jyothi weaved a cloth with a length of 1m 50 cm. If she wants to make it into
two parts what will be the length of each part?
Solution: Length of a cloth weaved by Jyothi =1 m 50 cm
Converting 1m 50cm into cm = 1x 100 cm + 50 cm
= 100 cm + 50 cm
= 150 cm
Making half (two parts) of the cloth = 150 cm ÷ 2
= 75 cm
Exercise - 2
A) Add the following:

1) 10 m 75 cm and 6 m 65 cm 2) 85 m 23 cm and 68 m 79 cm
B) Subtract the following.
1) 10 m 15 cm from 25 m 25 cm 2) 64 m 45 cm from 100 m

C) Multiply the following.
1) 25 m 12 cm × 9 2) 102 m 65cm × 46 3) 125 m 83 cm × 57
D) Divide the following.
1) 40 m 80 cm ÷ 16 2) 100 m 75 cm ÷ 25 3) 337 m 5 cm ÷ 5
E) Solve the following problems.
1. Basha tied two sticks with the lengths of 2 m 50 cm and 1m 75 cm to pluck a mango
from a tree. Find the approximate length of the stick he made.
2. Class 5 students joined two ropes with the lengths of 2 m 75 cm and 3 m 75 cm to play
tug of war. What is the approximate length of rope they prepared?
3. Class 5 children purchased 45 m colour paper roll to decorate their school on
Independence day. They used 43 m 50 cm roll. How much length of roll was
remaining?
4. Kiran, an electrician used 45 m 70 cm length of electric wire from 50 metre roll for
wiring a house. How much length of wire is left with him?
5. Kumar wants to stitch a saree fall to a 6 m long saree. She has 5 m 50 cm length saree
fall. What should be the length of the saree left without saree fall?
6. David used 90 cm cloth to stitch a blouse. To stitch 5 such blouses, how much length
of cloth does she need?
7. A caterpillar covers 100 cm distance in a minute. How much distance does it cover in
15 minutes?
8. Swamy shared 20 cm of chocolate bar to 4 members equally. How long will each
piece be?
9. Aparna wants to cut 2 m length of cloth pieces to make door curtains from 10 metre
cloth. How many curtains can she make?
9.3:- Metres and Kilometres:-
Ravi observed while father driving his bike, the number in the odo-meter changing
from 0 to 9. After 9 he observed that when the 0 comes in ones place, the tens place number
also changed.
1-2-3-9-0 1-2-3-9-8 1-2-4-0-0

He also observed some mile stones on the road side representing 0.2 km for 200 m,
0.4 for 400 m likewise. When 2 appeared in the odometer Ravi observed that the bike
reached the 0.2 marked mile stone and so on.
Rampuram Rampuram
4 km 200 m 400 m 600 m 800 m
3 km
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
He calculates that the distance covered by his father's bike.
Ravi converted 6 km into metres after reaching the village.
Example 1: Converting 6 km into metres.
1 km = 1000m
1 km = 1000 m
½ km=500 m (half kilometre)
6 km = 6 x 1000 m
= 6000 m
Example 2 : Convert 3 km and 25 m into metres.
1 km = 1000 m
3 km and 25 m = 3x1000 m + 25 m
= 3000 m + 25 m
= 3025 m
Exercise - 3
A) Do the following.
a) Convert 15 km 500 m into metres. b) Convert 128 km into metres.
c) Convert 12690 metres into kilometres. d) Convert 18000 metres into kilometres.
B) Solve the following.
1. A boy comes to school on foot. He has to walk along the path of 400 m beside a pond,
350 m green field and 450 metres road. How much distance has he covered to reach
the school? Is it more than 1km?

2. Sitamma used 2.50 m bamboo piece to make a sieve
and 1.5 m to make a vase. How much length of
bamboo stick has she used to make the articles?
3. Roshan travelled 540 km from Anantapur to Vijayawada via Kurnool. Rakesh

travelled 520 km from Anantapur to Vijayawada via Nandyal. Who travelled more?
By how many kilometres?
4. Andhra Pradesh Government sanctioned 5.650 km road to a village. The contractor
covered 1.250 km . What distance is yet to be covered?
5. Banu bought 5 metres of shirting cloth. She used 1.5 m for her elder son Raheem and
1.2 m for her younger son Kabeer. What is the length of shirting cloth left over?
6. Three benches are arranged in a row. The length of each bench is 1m 15 cm. What is
the length of the row?
7. A train covers 50 km distance in an hour. How
much distance does it cover in 12 hours if it
continues the same speed?
8. Rangaiah wants to fence his field around 1500 m.

How many kilometres he has to fence?
9. The diameter of Earth (distance from one side to
the other side passing through the centre point) is
12742 km. Find its radius (radius is half of the
diametre).
Think & Discuss:

1. How long is the thread in a reel?
2. Can a kite reel be more than 1 km long?
3. Which height can a plane fly?

9.4:- Weight (How heavy? How light?):-
Abdul went to a kirana-shop, and spent some time there. He observed the customers
and things they were buying.
Write any 5 items usually we buy in kilograms and grams.
Items we buy in kilos Items we buy in grams
Abdul : I want to buy 4 rice packets.

The shop keeper : What type of packets do you buy? Either 25 kg or 10 kg packets.
Abdul : I want to buy 25 kilo packets.
The Shop-keeper : If you buy four such packets it will be one quintal.
Abdul calculated it. 4 x 25 kg = 100 kg
Abdul : What is a ton? 1 quintal = 100 kg
The shopkeeper : The weight of 10 quintals is one ton.
So 1 ton = 10 x 100 = 1000 kg 1 ton = 1000 kg

Do this
Fill in the blanks with kilos or grams. (One is done for you)
1) My friend weighs 38 ___Kg___
2) A packet of rice weighs 50___________
3) My pen weighs 20______
4) My school bag weighs 3.5____________________
5) A tube of gum weighs 100 ___________
6) My empty water bottle weighs ___________________
Here are some example to convert kilogram into gram and vice verse.
Ex-1: Convert 5 kilograms into grams. Ex-2: Convert 3kg 5 grams into grams.
Solution: 1 kilogram = 1000 grams Solution : 1 kilo = 1000 grams
5 kilos = 5x 1000 grams =3kg 5g = 3x 1000 grams+ 5 grams
= 5000 grams = 3005 grams
Ex-3 Convert 3000 grams into kilograms. Ex-4: Convert 5040grams into kilograms.
Solution: 1000 grams = 1 kilogram Solution: 1000 grams = 1 kilogram
3000 grams = 3000/1000 kilograms 5040 grams = 5040/ 1000 kilograms
= 3 kilograms = 5 kilogram 40 grams
Do these
1. Convert the kilograms into grams.
(Note: 1 kilogram = 1000grams)
1) 3 kilograms 2) 34 kilos 3) 17 kg 600 g
4) 38 kg 720g 5) 89 kg 540g
2. Convert grams into kilograms
1) 6000 g 2) 7090 g 3) 8069 g
4) 12405 g 5) 2418 g

Exercise - 4
1. Add the following:
a) 13 kg 420 g and 24 kg 600 g b) 79 kg 969 g and 98 kg 327 g
2. Subtract the following:
a) 235 kg 250 g from 355 kg 450 g b) 21 kg 62 g from 160 kg 330 g
3. Multiply the following:
a) 8 kg 750 g x 12 b) 475 kg x 16 c) 9850 g x 25
4. Make the divisions:
a) 7500 kg ÷ 20 b) 6600 g ÷ 15 c) 150 kg 30 g ÷ 30
5. Subbaiah harvested 120 kg ladiesfingers, 520 kg ridge gourds and 150 kg tomatoes.
How much weight of vegetables has he yielded?
6. Farhana purchased 2 kg 500 g laddoos, 1 kg honey cake, 750 g jamoon and 500 g
jilebi. How much weight of sweets has she purchased?
7. Helen buys a school bag that weighs 700 g. After keeping the class books in her bag
it weighs 3 kgs. Find the weight of the books.
8. Shafi purchases 22 kg idly ravva for his canteen. If he used 18 kg 500 g ravva in one
day, how much ravva will be left with him?
9. Samson lifted 150 kg weight and Somi Reddy lifted 2 quintals. Who lifted heavier
weights? By how much more weight?
10. A worker in a biscuit factory has to pack 25.500 kg biscuits in a carton. What will be
the weight of 15 cartons of biscuits?
11. Sarala uses 50 g coffee powder in a week for household. How much coffee powder
should Sarala buy for one month? (approximately)
12. Sarma packs food packets 550 g each. If he packs 20 such food packets. How much
food has he packed?
13. A piece of wood weighs 24 kg. The wood cutter wants three equal pieces from it.
How much weight each piece would it be?
14. I have 10 packets of rice that weigh 500 kgs. What is the weight of one packet?
15. A vegetable seller sells 3 kilos of brinjals for 60. What is the cost of one kilo
brinjals?

Think & Discuss:
In how many ways can a vegetable vendor weigh 1 kilo beans by using the weights
500 g, 200 g, 100 g and 50 g ? (Use the weights second time if needed.)
Project:
Making sample weights with sand and cover or with empty paste tubes and sand.
(Go to a grocery shop. Bring the weights. Use the weights and prepare same
weights with sand and cover.)
Do you know?
Converting 3 kilograms into milligrams.
Kilogram = 1 x 1,000 grams, 1 gram = 1÷1,000 kilograms
Kilo means 1,000
Milli means 1÷1,000 (thousandth part of a gram)
First we have to change kilo to grams
3 kilograms going to equal 3 times to1,000 grams. That equals 3,000 grams.
1 milligram is equal to 1÷1,000 grams (vice versa 1 gram = 1,000 mg)
So 3,000 g = 3,000 x 1,000 milli grams = 30,00,000 milli grams.
9.5:- Sharing payasam in Litres and milliliters:-
The animals in
the forest want to
celebrate
'Forest
animals'
day'.
It is announced
that all the
animals have to
attend the
celebrations.

To make the occasion special it is suggested to prepare payasam for everyone. The
king of the jungle announced that it will sponsor the payasam for everyone.
On that day
The elephant drank ___________ litres.
The tiger drank ______________ litres.
The squirrel wanted only 500 millilitres. The cat poured the payasam in one litre bottle.
The fox was angry and shouts at the cat for wasting.
How much payasam will be wasted? ________
All the animals enjoyed the payasam. At last a group of ants came. The cat felt sad. The
payasam was finished. The elephant said no need to feel sad.
The ants will drink only a little. So the left over in the one litre bottle which squirrel
drank is enough them.
Can you guess which animal can drink highest quantity of Payasam?
Who drinks least quantity of Payasam?
Use the appropriate unit (Litre or milliliter) for the following:

Tea in a teacup _________ Shampoo in a sachet ________
Cough Syrup in the spoon _________ Water in a water tank ________
Oil in oil packet _________ Water in a bucket ________
The fox drank 2 L payasam. Now the squirrel wants to measure it in millilitres. Now let's
convert 2 L into milliliters.
Solution:
The payasam drank by the fox =2L
Measuring 2L in millilitres = 2 x1000 ml We know that 1L = 1000 ml
= 2000 ml

Exercise - 5
1. Convert the following into millilitres:

1) 5L 2) 15 L 3) 38.5 L 4) 82.7 L
2. Compare the given measurements by using <, > and = symbols.

1. 200 ml 100 ml +100 ml +100 ml
2. 3L 500 ml +500 ml +500 ml +500 ml +500 ml +500 ml
3. 100 L 20 L +20 L +10 L+ 50 L
4. 150 ml 50 ml +60 ml +20 ml
5. 20 ml 5 ml + 2 ml + 15 ml
3. Calculate the capacity.
1. 150 ml = + + Capacity of each cup is _________
2. 1L = + + + Capacity of each small bottle is _________
3. 500 ml = + + + + Capacity of each can is ________
4. 600 ml = + + + Capacity of each tumbler is ___________
4. Add the following:
1) 12 L 100 ml and 8 L 725 ml 2) 93 L 450 ml and 675 ml
3) 33 L 823 ml and 45 L 202 ml 4) 15 L and 500 ml

5. Subtraction:
1) 83 L 103 ml from 98 L 208 ml 2) 16 L 540 ml from 75 L 725 ml
3) 2 L 208 ml from 10 L 425 ml 4) 33 L 98 ml from 42 L 250 ml

6. Nagaraju used 2 L 220 ml blue paint,
3 L 500 ml white paint and 750 ml red
paint to paint a house. How much
paint did he use?
7. Samson has a cow and a buffalo. Cow

gives 3 L 500 ml of milk and the buffalo
gives 5 L 680 ml of milk per day. How
much milk did Samson get from both of
them?
8. A milkman sells 20 litres of milk to a tea stall.

Tea seller uses 15 L 125 ml milk to make tea.
How much milk is left in the can?
9. An old model toilet flushes 8 litres of water. Modern toilet

flushes 3.5 L of water. How many litres of water we can
save for each flush with modern toilet?
10. An elephant drinks 190 litres of water

per day. How many litres does it drink
in one month? (31 days)

11. John sells one ice cream cup containing 150 ml
ice cream. If he sells18 such ice creams cups,
find the total capacity of ice cream?
12. A juice bottle contains 2.2 L of juice. How many

200ml glasses are needed to pour it completely?
13. Reshma observed that one shampoo sachet contains 5 ml

shampoo. To fill 400 ml bottle how many sachets are needed?
Find the answer (Fun Maths)

Observe the pictures, follow the instructions and find out the answer.
A B C
The amount of milk in mug A is 300 ml more than that in B
The amount of milk in mug B is 400 ml less than that in C.
The amount of milk in mug C is 100 ml more than that in A.
Find the amount of milk in three mugs. (Mug B is having 700 ml.)
Project: Collect the following information from your class students and fill in the table.
S. No. Name of the student Height Weight of his / her bag Water in his bottle
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Chapter
Time
10
10.1:- AM and PM:-

Mahitha's sister attended an interview in Rajahmundry and returned home in Eluru that
evening.
Mahitha : How was your Journey?
Sister : It took 2 hours to Rajahmundry and 105 minutes for the return journey.
Mahitha : You mean it took 120 minutes to go to Rajamundry, 1 hour 45 minutes for the
return journey.
Sister : Yes.
Try these
1. Mahitha's sister started at 6:30 in the morning and travelled for 2 hours. What time did
she reach Rajahmundry?
2. Mahitha's sister started at 3:00 in the afternoon and travelled for 1 hour 45 minutes. At
what time did she reach Eluru?
3. How much time did she take for the travel? (to and fro)

Mahitha observed the timing board
of a library and got confused about AM,
Library Timings
PM while returning from school. She
8 am - 11 am
asked her sister for clarification.
2 pm - 6 pm
Sister : The time from midnight 12 O' clock to 12 noon is written as am and time from noon
to midnight is written as pm.
These are shortened form of 'Ante Meridian' and 'Post Meridian'.
am Ante Meridian
pm Post Meridian
v Now can you tell the working hours of the Library?
am: Before 12 Noon. It means from midnight 12 to before 12 noon.

pm: After 12 Noon. It means from 12 noon to before midnight 12.
Activity - 1
Look at the event, observe the clock and decide its time am or pm .Note it in the
correct box.
11
12
1 am pm
10 2
9 3
8 4
7 5
6
11
12
1
am pm
10 2
9 3
8 4
7 5
6
12 am pm
11 1
10 2
9 3
8 4
7 5
6

12
1
am pm
11
10 2
9 3
8 4
7 5
6
12 am pm
11 1
10 2
9 3
8 4
7 5
6
11
12
1
am pm
10 2
9 3
8 4
7 5
6
11
12
1
am pm
10 2
9 3
8 4
7 5
6
11
12
1
am pm
10 2
9 3
8 4
7 5
6
12
am pm
11 1
10 2
9 3
8 4
7 5
6
Do this
Children ! fill Daily activity Time am / pm

in the table eg : Wake up time 06:00 am
with your daily
life activities.

Railway Station Digital clock [18 : 06]
By the time Raju and his father entered into the railway station, Raju observed the digital
clock is displaying 18:06 hours. He got confused and asked his father.
Father : We use 12 hours format but the railway department uses 24 hours format. This
helps to confirm whether arrival or departure of a train is after noon or before
noon.
Raju : So we use 24 hours format because we have 24 hours per a day. Am I right?
Father : Yes, you are right.
In 12 hour clock we read the time after 12

noon as 1 pm, but in 24 hour clock we
read as 1 + 12 = 13, 13 hours. Similarly
we read 3 pm as 3 + 12 = 15, 15 hours.
With 12 hour clock the pm time is found
by adding 12 hours to the time show in
the clock.
Time g 24 hour clock time Time g 24 hour clock time
1 : 00 am g 01: 00 Hours 2 : 00 pm g 14: 00 Hours
12 : 00 Noon(pm)g 12: 00 Hours 12 : 00 Midnight(am)g00: 00 Hours

Example : H M
1. 12 hours time 24 hours time. 3 : 00
3 pm = 3 + 12:00 = 15:00 hours +12 : 00
15 : 00
2. 9: 30pm = 9: 30 + 12:00 = 21 : 30 hours H M
9 : 30
+ 12 : 00
21 : 30
Do this
Match the following:
12 Hours 24 Hours
9:40 AM 23 : 40 Hours
3:20 PM 6 : 25 Hours
6:25 AM 15 : 20 Hours
6:25 PM 9 : 40 Hours
11:40 PM 18 : 25 Hours
Mention the time of your choice and convert into 24 hours time.
The departure and arrival times of the trains from Vijayawada to the various stations
are given below. Write the total time of the journey from Vijayawada to destination.
Departure Arrival Time taken for the

Name of the Train
time Time Journey
Ratnachal Expres
6:05 AM 12:10 PM
(Vijayawada – Visakhapatnam)
Tirupati A/C double decker
3:55 AM 11:35 PM
(Vijayawada – Tirupathi)
Coramandal Express
9:55 AM 17:00 PM
(Vijayawada – Chennai)

Exercise - 1
1) Colour the digital clock in 24 hours format by observing the given 12 hours analog
clock.
2:25 pm 4:30 pm
12 12
11 1 11 1
10 2 10 2
9 3 9 3
8 4 8 4
7 5 7 5
6 6
2) Sports competitions were held in Kondepadu school from 10:45 am to 3:45 pm.
For how many hours was the program held?
3) Robert is leaving for Singapore from Vijayawada at 22:00 hours. Express this time
in 12 hours format.
4) Abhinav was a night watch-man in a school. He used to attend his duty at 5:30pm.
Express this time in 24 hours format.
5) Every day Himadas practises Yoga from 4:30 am to 6:15 am and from 4:00 pm to
5:30 PM. Find the total time she spends for her practises every day?
6) While Babu's team was learning to play Kabaddi, on Monday they practiced from
6:15 am to 7:05 am. On Tuesday they practiced 3:25 pm to 4:15. How many
minutes did they practice in both days?
7) The bus departs from the terminal at 11.20am and arrives the destination at the
2:40 pm. How long did the bus travel?
8) Sneha began her home work at 4:30pm. She worked for 80 minutes. At what time
did she finish?

Project work:
Collect the time at which your parents and your friends’ parents start from home
(AM) for their work, and the time they return home (PM) from work. Calculate the total
time they spent for their work in a single day.
S.No Name of parent Starting time Returning time Total time
10.2:- Leap year:- Do you know:

Teacher : Our Ex Prime Minister late Morarji Desai was born on 29.02.1896. Can
anyone tell me the speciality of this date?
Saleem : We have normally 28 days in February, but here we have 29th day.
Teacher : Good Saleem! February is different from remaining 11 months. It contains 28
or 29 days. Because every four years February month has an extra day. The
year in which February gets this extra day is called “leap year”. Observe the
2019 and 2020 calendars.
2
0
1
9
2
0
2
0
Total number of days in 2019, 2020

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Total
2019 31 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31 365
2020 31 29 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31 366
v 2019 February has 28 days and the year consists of 365 days.
v In 2020 February has 29 days and year consists of 366 days.
v Here, in 2020 February consists one extra day so, that year has 366 days.
v The year which consists of 366 days is called “a leap year.” 2020 is a leap year. 2019
has 365 days. So it is a non leap year. Generally for every four years we get a leap
year. (Ask your teacher for the reason)
Year Days Leap Year Days

2001 365 2004 366
2002 365 2008 366
2003 365 2012 366
2005 365 2016 366
In general, a leap year is divisible by '4' and a non leap year is not divisible by '4'. Though
century years, like 1800, 1900, 2100, 2200 etc., are divisible by '4' but these are non leap
years.
The century year is called leap year only when it is divisible by 400. (ask your teacher for
the reason)
Exercise - 2
1. 2020 is a leap year, so the next leap year is ____________
2. The leap year before 2020 is ______________

3. Is 2300 a leap year? Justify your answer.
4. Take the calendar of any year of your choice; add the days in all the 12 months. Is it
a leap year or not?
5. Morarji Desai was born on 29.02.1896 and passed away on 10.04.1995. How many
birthdays did he celebrate?
6. The famous Mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan was born on 22.12.1887 and
passed away on 26.04.1920. How many leap years were there in his life period?

Glossary
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bþsTTq kõeTTˆ Greatest - ™|<ŠÝ~
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eºÌq kõeTTˆ Estimation - n+#áq
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$TÐ*q~ Profit - ý²uó„+
Grocery shop - ¿ìsD² dŸsÁTÅ£”\T nyûTˆ Loss - qwŸ¼+
<ŠT¿±D+ Cost price - ¿=q• yî\
Compartment - ÂsÕ\T ™|fÉ¼ / ÂsÕ\T uË^ Selling price - n$Tˆq yî\
Previous - B“ ¿£H• eTT+<Š]~ Multiplicand - >·TD¿£eTT
Concentric circles - @¿£ ¹¿+ç<Š eÔï\T Multiplier - >·TD«eTT
Product - \‹ÝeTT
Mean while - ‚+ÔáýË
Divisor - $uó²È¿£+
Numeration - ýÉ¿ìØ+|ŸÚ $uó²È«+
Dividend -
Lakh - \¿£Œ Quotient - uó²>·|˜Ÿ\+
Crore - ¿Ã{ì Remainder - XâwŸ+
Standard form - çbÍeÖDì¿£ sÁÖ|Ÿ+ Iron beams - ý²eÚbÍ{ì ‚qTdŸ }#á\T
Representation - çbÍÜ“<óŠ«|ŸsÁT#áT³ Labour wage - |Ÿ“ Å£L©
Extended - $dŸï]+#áT³ Scavenger - #îÔáï eT]jáTT eTsÁT>·T<=&ƒT¢
Individual - e«¿ìï>·ÔáyîT®q$ }&ûÌ Å£L©
Widely - mÅ£”Øe>±, $kÍïsÁ+>± Algorithm - esÁTdŸ ç¿£eT+
Slightly - ¿=+#î+>±, ÔáÅ£”Øe>± Whole seller - {ËÅ£” y«bÍ]
Addition - Å£L&¿£ Point - _+<ŠTeÚ
Subtraction - rd¾yûÔá Line segment - ¹sU² K+&ƒ+
Seed bed - HsÁTeT& Ray - ¿ìsÁDeTT
Transplantation - H³T³ Line - dŸsÁÞø¹sK (¹sK)
Fertilizers - msÁTeÚ\T Infinite - nq+ÔáeTT
Pesticides - |ŸÚsÁT>·T eT+<ŠT\T Shortest - nÜ <Š>·ZsÁ
Harvesting - ¿ÃÔá ¿ÃjáTT³ Distinct - _óq•yîT®q (yû¹sÇsÁT)
Pile - Å£”|ŸÎ Tiny - nÜ ºq•
Thrash - eÖsÁÌ&ƒ+ Sun rays - dŸÖsÁ« ¿ìsÁD²\T
Expenditure - KsÁTÌ End -points - ºe] _+<ŠTeÚ\T

Angle - ¿ÃDeTT Tally marks - >·Dq ºVŸä•\T
Right angle - \+‹ ¿ÃDeTT Picto graph - |Ÿ³ ºçÔá+
Acute angle - n\Î ¿ÃD+ Bar graph - ¿£MTˆ ºçÔá+
Obtuse angle - n~ó¿£ ¿ÃD+ Pet animals - ™|+|ŸÚ&ƒT È+ÔáTeÚ\T
Horizontal - uó„Ö$T¿ì dŸeÖ+ÔásÁ+>± Census - ÈHuó² >·Dq
Vertical - uó„Ö$T¿ì “³¼ “\TeÚ>± Proper fraction - ç¿£eT _óq•+
Vertex - osÁüeTT Mixed fraction - $TçXøeT _óq•+
Arm - uó„TÈ+ (n+#áT) Portion - uó²>·+
Curve - eç¿£eTT Simplest form - ¿£“wŸ÷ sÁÖ|Ÿ+ / dŸÖ¿£Œˆ sÁÖ|Ÿ+
Symmetry - kåwŸ¼e+ Unlike fractions - $C²Ü _óH•\T
Adjacent - ç|Ÿ¿£Øq Strip - ‹BÝ
Rotation - çuó„eTDeTT Decimal form - <ŠXæ+Xø sÁÖ|Ÿ+
Mirror image - ç|ŸÜ _+‹eTT Thirsty - <Š|¾Î¿£
Perimeter - #áT³T¼¿=\Ôá Squeeze - |¾+&ƒ³+
Area - yîÕXæ\«+ Thickness - eT+<ŠeTT
Boundary - #áT³Ö¼ Adjacent - |Ÿ¿£Ø |Ÿ¿£Øq
Length - bõ&ƒeÚ Bamboo stick - yî<ŠTsÁT ¿£çsÁ
Breadth - yî&ƒ\TÎ Snail - qÔáï
Multiples - >·TDìC²\T Cater pillar - >=+>·[ |ŸÚsÁT>·T
Factors - ¿±sÁD²+¿±\T Odometer - <ŠÖs“• ¿=*#û kÍ<óŠq+
Divisible - uó²Ð+#áT Diameter - eÔáï y«dŸ+
Even numbers - dŸ] dŸ+K«\T Radius - y«kÍsÁÆ+
Digital root - n+¿£ eTÖ\+ Ante meridian - sçÜ 12 >·+³\ qT+º
(A.M.) eT<ó‘«VŸ²•+ 12 >·+³\
Unit place - ÿ¿£³¢ kÍœq+
Common esÁÅ£” eT<óŠ« dŸeTjáT+
multiples - –eTˆ& >·TDìC²\T Post meridian - eT<ó‘«VŸ²•+ 12 >·+³\ qT+º
Least common (P.M.) sçÜ 12 >·+³\
multiples (LCM) - ¿£“wŸ¼ kÍeÖq« >·TDìÈ+ esÁÅ£” eT<óŠ« dŸeTjáT+
Prime numbers - ç|Ÿ<ó‘q dŸ+K«\T
Leap year - |˜¾ç‹e] Hî\ýË 29 sÃE\T
Composite
numbers - dŸ+jáTT¿£ï dŸ+K«\T >·\ dŸ+eÔáàsÁ+
Common factors - –eTˆ& ¿±sÁD²+¿±\T Century year - XøÔá dŸ+eÔáàsÁ+
Highest common 12 hours format - 12 >·+³\ dŸeTjáT+
factor (HCF) - >·]wŸ¼ kÍeÖq« ¿±sÁD²+¿£+ 24 hours format - 24 >·+³\ dŸeTjáT+
Data - <ŠÔï+Xø+ / dŸeÖ#sÁ+

Class 5 Maths All Inner Pages Compressed

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MATHS MAGIC

Dr. B. Pratap Reddy MA., B.Ed., Ph.D.

Sri. D. Madhusudhana Rao MA., B.Ed.

Prof. S.Venkateswaran M.Sc, M.Ed., Ph.D

Prof. D.S.N. Sastry M.Sc., M.Ed., Ph.D.

Dr. K. N. Shoba M.A., M.Phil., Ph.D (English), M.A. (Edu.)

Dr. T. Swarupa Rani M.Sc., M.Ed., M.Phil., Ph.D.

Dr. P. Satyanarayana Sarma M.Sc., M.Ed., M.Phil., Ph.D.

Dr. J. R. Priyadarshini M.Sc., M.Ed. M.Phil., Ph.D.

Sri K. V. Suryanarayana M.Sc., M.Ed.

Sri J. Kasi Rao B.Sc., B.Ed.

Published by Samagra Shiksha, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Amaravati.

First Published 2020

All rights reserved

No part of this publication may be

This book has been printed on 70 G.S.M. SS Maplitho

Free distribution by Samagra Shiksha, Government of Andhra Pradesh

Sri B. Kishore Babu M.Sc., B.Ed.

Sri S. Govardhana M.Sc., B.Ed.

Sri N. Murali Krishna M.Sc., B.Ed.

Sri N. Murali Krishna SGT Sri B. Kishore babu SGT

Sri S. Govardhana SGT Sri B. Vijaya Kumar SGT

Sri P. Leela Krishnayya SGT Sri L. Himagiri SGT

Sri P. Eswara Rao SGT Sri Ch. S. N. Murthy SGT

Sri M. Sivaiah SGT Sri S. Uma Gupta SGT

Sri S. Chandra Mohana Reddy SGT Smt S. Sudharani SGT

Sri P. Rambabu SGT Sri K. Venkata Krishna SGT

Artist DTP & Designing

Dr. B. Pratap Reddy

♦ 45 minutes for practising the concepts of text book.

♦ 45 minutes for practising the sums of work book.

India is my country. All Indians are my brothers and sisters.

S. No. Unit Month Page No

1. Let’s Recall June, July 1 - 12

2. My Number World August 13 - 29

3. Additions and Substractions August, September 30 - 44

4. Multiplication and Divisions September 45 - 60

5. Multiples and Factors October, November 61- 85

6. Geometry November 86 - 116

7. Data Handling December 117 - 124

8. Fractions December, January 125 - 146

9. Measurements February 147 - 166

10. Time February 167 - 174

Teacher Corner Student Corner

Observe the picture and answer the following questions:

Expanded form of Numbers:

1) Write the following numbers in words.

2) Write the expanded form for the following numbers.

4) Find the sum of the place values of 6 in the following numbers.

5) Write the predecessor and successor for the following numbers.

6) Fill the following table.

7) Write the suitable numbers for the following.

8) Write the greatest 4-digit number by using 7,6,5and 2 = -------.

9) Write the smallest 4-digit number by using 2,0,8and 7=-------.

10) How many 100s are there in 1,000?

4643 2143 643

HAPPY JOURNEY Vijayawada to Bangalore

PNR No Train No Date Km Adult Child Ticket No

Item Price (per kg) in ` Quantity Total cost in `